Disability - for all residents

6.16 Do you have any permanent difficulty in walking or climbing stairs?
(If you use a prosthesis, cane or assistive device, make your evaluation while using it)

Individual particulars
[This section except for questions 6 and 8 are to be completed by all persons]

[Questions 17-22 of this section are to be answered by persons aged 5 years and older]

17. Functional difficulty

17.3 Do you have difficulty walking or climbing step?

To be asked of persons aged 5 years and above except P-43
[Question 42 was asked of persons age 5 or more]

P-42. Do you/does [the respondent] have difficulty ... (read out):

Columns p42 to p44 contain questions pertaining to persons with difficulties in performing activities of daily life. These questions are to be asked of the head of the household or any other responsible person.

22.1. Introduction
Questions regarding persons with difficulties in performing activities of daily life have to be asked very carefully and with caution due to the sensitivity and stigma associated with difficulties.

22.2. Questions to be asked to respondents
During this census, the following questions will be asked;

Questions P42 to P44 are to be asked of persons aged 5 years and above except P43.

Questions P42

Each of the above six questions has five possible response categories:

The enumerator should read questions in P42 together with the response options without pause except option 5 - Don't Know

For example: "Does [the respondent] have difficulty walking or climbing stairs? Would you say: No, no difficulty; or yes, some difficulty; or yes, a lot of difficulty or cannot do it at all"

Question 3: Do you have difficulty walking or climbing stairs?
This question is intended to identify persons who have some limitation or problems of any kind getting around on foot. "Walking" refers to the use of lower limbs (legs) in such a way as to propel oneself over the ground to get from point A to point B. The capacity to walk should be without assistance of any device (wheelchair, crutches, walker etc.) or human. If such assistance is needed, the person has difficulty walking.

Difficulties walking can include those resulting from impairments in balance, endurance, or other non-musculoskeletal systems, for example blind people having difficulty walking in an unfamiliar place or deaf people having difficulty climbing stairs when there is no lighting. Any difficulty with walking (whether it is on flat land or, up or down stairs) that is considered a problem should be captured.

Included are problems: "walking short (about 100 yards/meters) or long distances (about 500 yards/meters)", "walking any distance without stopping to rest is included", and "walking up or down stairs".

Do you have any difficulty with the following activities?

Q13: Difficulties in walking or movement:
Refers to people who cannot walk or have difficulties walking/moving from one place to another.

P13C1. Does [the respondent] have difficulty in walking or climbing steps?

For all members of the household

Enter the name of the household members starting with the head of the household. Afterwards enter the name of the spouse, children (eldest to youngest), other relatives of the head and non- relatives. Remember to include a visitor or a servant (if he/she lives in the household).

P13: Type and causes of disability
Disability refers to physical or mental handicap, which inhibits an individual's ability to work or participate in normal activities. Disability might occur from birth or may be brought about by disease or injury. Classify the person according to the disability with which he/she suffers and its Cause. Select "yes" or "no" or degree of disability for each of the disability. If yes, select the cause of the disability.

[p.51]

Note: You need to probe the type of disability in order not to confuse with current illness.

P12B. If [Yes] at P12A, state the severity of all applicable difficulties as follows:

C. Walking or climbing stairs

P12A and P12B - Disability
The question provides information which is needed for the formulation and implementation of programs in support of the disabled (e.g. special education, employment and social aid).

8. How to fill in the Population Census Questionnaire

P12A and P12B - Disability
[figure omitted]
This question should be asked tactfully to obtain information as to whether the person has any difficulty to perform a daily-life activity (as listed at P12B - A to I) considered normal for his/her age. If the answer is "Yes", ask for the severity of all applicable difficulties as follows:

[figure omitted]
Shade the degree of severity for all applicable difficulties. If a difficulty is not applicable, leave the corresponding boxes blank.
If a person has reported that he/she is experiencing "I - Other difficulties" at P12B, specify the nature of the difficulty in the adjacent boxes.
[figure omitted]

In this section, information is obtained for each of the people living in the housing unit.

Before requesting data for each resident, copy the details from Section II. List people and general data, their names, gender, and age, and write them down in the spaces provided. Do not forget to correct the person number when using more than one questionnaire.

[Figure omitted: image with text]

For the respondent to know who to provide the information about, start with the sentence: "Now I'm going to ask you about...", and mention the name of the person you previously wrote down.

Apply questions 1 through 11 for all the people who are habitual residents, including children, as well as elderly people.

10. Disability
This question identifies the degree of difficulty people have in performing some activities in their daily lives, such as seeing, hearing, walking, remembering or concentrating, providing self-care, speaking, or communicating. Also, if they have any mental problems or conditions.

The question consists of two parts. The first part asks about the degree of difficulty in six activities of daily living. The second part identifies people who have a mental problem or condition.

[p. 309]

[Figure omitted: image with text]

To ask these questions, consider the following:

For all members of the household, specify the degree of difficulty the person has in
[Questions 16 to 21 were asked of all household members]

18. Waling or climbing stairs

9. Disability: does [the respondent] have any difficulty...?

137. Disability serves as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions (ICF, 2005). While it is desirable to collect information on all aspects of disability, this aim cannot be achieved in censuses or even in surveys not dedicated to disability. However, tge census can be used to obtain data on selected aspects of disability.

138. Disability can be measured for a variety of purposes. Each purpose can be related to different dimensions of disability or different conceptual components of disability. Hence, there is a need for a clear link between the purpose of measurement and the operationalization of the indicators of disability.

139. In order to collect disability information, the questions to identify persons who are at greater risk than the general population of experiencing restrictions in performing complex activities (such as activities of daily living) or participating in roles (such as working) if no support were accorded to them. Measurements intended to identify this 'at risk' population represent the most basic end of the spectrum of activities (i.e. activities such as walking, remembering, seeing, hearing). This 'at risk' group would include persons with limitations in basic activities who may or may not also experience limitations in more complex activities and/or restrictions in participation. This in turn may depend on whether or not they use assistive devices or have a supportive environment.

140. The questions on disability ask about difficulties the person may have when doing certain activities, because of a health or other problem.

143. Ask "does [the respondent] have difficulty walking or climbing steps or lifting objects or gripping?"

The entire population
[Questions B16 through B28 were asked of all resident persons.]

Population aged 1 year or older.
[Question B21 through B26 were asked of all resident persons age 1 or older.]

B21-B26. The following questions pertain to difficulties which you may have in carrying out certain activities due to a health problem.

B21/26: set of short questions on disability recommended for the censuses (population aged 1 year and over)
The questions about disability issues have been greatly altered in relation to what previous censuses proposed. It is about Senegal aligning itself with the progress made in this area. The United Nations, through their experts on global statistics, created in the 2000s a group of experts, the Washington group, which developed a series of short questions for censuses and surveys according to the Basic Principles of Official Statistics. These questions identify the majority of those most at risk in the general population who have limited or restricted participation in public life. It is not a question of identifying the handicap or the cause of disability, the question is to identify the limitations of the respondent (and/or one of his or her family members) to have/potentially have difficulty in performing actions linked to their lifestyle and related functions: seeing, hearing, walking, having cognitive faculty, taking care of themselves, and communicating. These are the areas the questions included in the census questionnaire concern.
The questions to ask relate to the difficulties that the respondent or a family member may have in fulfilling certain tasks in a sustainable manner (6 months or more, in a recurring manner):

Each question has four response categories:

The severity scale is used in the response categories to identify the full range of functional domains ranging from the most benign to the most severe form. This is very important because we will have a full range of the respondent's capabilities.
NB: This question concerns the population aged at least 1 year.
On the PDA, you will choose the answer on a drop-down list.

P-12 Health and functioning
Does [the person have difficulty in the following?
Write the appropriate code [number from 1 to 6] in the box.

[3.7] Household members

[3.7.3] General health and functioning
Now, I am going to ask you health-related questions.

[3.7.3.5] Does the respondent have difficulty walking a kilometer [length of 10 soccer fields] or climbing a flight of steps?

All persons (health)
[Questions P21a to P23 were asked of all persons about their health.]

P21a. Does this person experience difficulty / problems (with):

Disability

9. Walking

13(b). Disability status

3.1. Disability

Persons with disabilities are defined here as those persons who are at greater risk than the general population for experiencing restrictions in performing specific tasks or participating in role activities.

[p.12]

Data about impairments (problems at the level of organs and anatomical structures) is different from data about activity limitations (limitations on the capacity of a person to act or behave in a desired manner, because of a health condition), which again is different from data about participation restrictions (limitations in what a person does that result from an interaction between impairments or activity limitations and barriers created by the person's environment).

Short-term disabilities due to temporary conditions such as broken legs and illness are excluded. Only disabilities lasting for at least six months or expected to last for more than six (6) months are to be included.

The following categories focus on whether the individual has any impairments:

Participation restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations. A participation restriction can be determined by comparing an individual's normal and regular involvement in activities with that expected of an individual without a disability.

The following categories focus on whether the individual has any participation/activity limitations:

For persons aged 2 years and above

P16 Does [the respondent] have difficulty walking or climbing steps? (Refer to code list P14-P17)

The following questions deal with the permanent difficulties that the people can have with carrying out certain habitual activities due to a health problem.

43. Respond to the following questions:

Does [the respondent] have permanent difficulty with:

43.3 Walking or going up stairs (PerDi04)
(For people 2 years or older)

The objective of this module is to know the number of people that have some permanent difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, or learning, as well as the level of severity.

Disability is any limitation of activity and restriction in participation coming from a deficiency that permanently affects a person and his or her ability to become involved in daily life within his or her physical and social environment.

• Activity is the completion of a task or action by a person.
• Limitation of activity refers to the difficulty that a person could have in carrying out or performing daily activities and that originates in a deficiency (for example: seeing, hearing, walking, learning, etc.).
• Restriction of participation refers to the problems that a person can experience when involved in vital situations, originating in a deficiency.  For example with work, with learning, with recreation, etc.
• Deficiency refers to problems with body functions or structures, such as a significant alteration or loss.

In order to consider that a person has a determined disability, the limitation of activity and the restriction of participation should be permanent and always originating from a deficiency, this referring to the field of health.  This means that limitations and restrictions originating from socioeconomic or cultural factors.

The deficiencies, that should be part of or express a state of health, can include abnormalities, defects, losses, or any other deviation of body structures.  They don't necessarily indicate that the individual has a sickness or should be considered sick.  For example, the loss of a leg is a deficiency but not a disorder or a sickness.

Important: The difficulty or limitation of activity must be current, in other words, it must be affecting the individual at the moment of the investigation, and permanent, that's to say long lasting in time, affecting and expected to affect for a period of time greater than a year.

[p. 111]

Consequently, the short-term difficulties due to temporary, or transitory conditions such as fractures or sicknesses (for example, he or she does not walk because the leg is fractured and in a cast, he or she does not speak because of a sharp hoarseness caused by a cold, etc.) are excluded.

The options of response for the questions of the module are the following.

• Yes, some difficulty
• Yes, much difficulty
• Yes, he/she cannot do it (see, hear, walk, learn)
• Doesn't have any difficulty

Does he/she have permanent difficulty with walking or going up stairs?

For people two years of age or older.

The purpose of this question is to detect the number of people that have limitations walking or that have difficulties with locomotion.

Just like the previous cases, it is important to formulate the whole question and only mark "yes" when the person, even with a cane, crutches, or prosthetic, has problems walking.

In case of an affirmative response, consult about the grade of the said difficulty and record the corresponding option.

11. Does [the respondent] have any difficulty:
If yes, how difficult is it? A little, very difficult, or unable.

The next questions are about difficulties a person faces when performing certain activities due to health reasons.

13. Does [the respondent] have any difficulty with:

Part 1: Information about members of the household
Part 1 of the Census form consists of 41 questions, numbered sequentially from Question 1 to Question 41.

The respondent is the head of the household or a person knowledgeable about members of the household. For information on employment and birth history of women, DTV needs to interview DTDT face-to-face and collect information. In addition, for other information about members of the household, if the head of the household or the information provider is not knowledgeable, DTV also needs to interview DTDT face-to-face and record the information.

Question 13: Does [the respondent] have any difficulty when [...]?
This question is intended to gather information about difficulties a person may encounter in performing certain activities due to health problems/long term health problems, including difficulties due to the effects of old age, but does not include difficulties due to the children being young or not yet proficient in taking care of themselves (help from adults).

DTV asks about the conditions and level of difficulty of each person and in turn according to each ability, including vision, hearing, walking up the stairs, memory, self-care, and communication. Therein: