Kenya National Bureau of Statistics

[Table of contents is omitted]

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Part 1: Introduction
This manual has been prepared with the enumerator as a user in mind. An attempt has been made to clarify various concepts and definitions to ensure that they are well understood. Various examples have been cited for illustration. The enumerator is expected to understand all the details contained in this manual.

1. Population census
Population census is a complete enumeration (count) of all persons in a country at a specified time. It is the primary source of benchmark statistics on the size, distribution, composition and other social and economic characteristics of the population. Kenya has conducted seven censuses since 1948 with the last one having been conducted in August, 2009. Since 1969, Kenya has conducted censuses at intervals of ten years. The 2019 census will be the eighth.

2. Objective of the 2019 population and housing census
The main objective of the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census will be to provide information that is essential for evidence based development planning, making administrative and policy decisions, and research. It is, therefore, extremely important that the data collected in the census is complete and accurate.

3. The Census organization
The management of the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census is through an elaborate structure as detailed below:

3.1. National census executive office
The office has the responsibility of spearheading the formulation of census policies in collaboration with the National Census Steering Committee.

3.2. National census steering committee (NCSC)
The NCSC is responsible for providing policy direction on census matters and comprises representatives from public sector, development partners, civil society, religious organizations and private sector.

3.3. National census coordination committee
The National Census Coordination Committee coordinates all the 2019 census activities by providing day-to-day professional, technical and administrative support to all organs of the census including mobilising the requisite resources.

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3.4. Technical working committee (TWC)
This committee develops and reviews the census instruments and makes recommendations on the best practices for: preparatory activities; data collection and processing; quality assurance guidelines; and monitoring and evaluation of all the technical activities of the census at all stages.

3.5. Census office
This office is charged with the responsibility of managing all the activities of the 2019 census, including establishing and maintaining linkages among various sections involved in the census process within the Bureau, providing technical direction to the 2019 census process, and briefing the National Census Coordinator on census matters.

3.6. Census secretariat
The secretariat manages all aspects of the census on a daily basis by providing technical, administrative and logistical support to the Census Office, monitors and evaluates the implementation of the census activities, procures census materials and equipment, and oversees the activities of cartographic mapping.

3.7. County census committees (CCCs)
Their main function includes general administration, coordination and execution of census activities in consultation with the Census Secretariat. In particular, the committees will undertake publicity and advocacy activities, make security arrangements, ensure the safety of all census materials/equipment and personnel under their control, and provide logistical support during publicity and advocacy, recruitment, training and enumeration.

3.8. Sub-County census committees
Their functions include general administration, coordination and execution of census activities within their sub-counties in consultation with the County Census Committees. In particular, these committees will undertake publicity and advocacy activities within their sub-counties, make security arrangements, ensure the safety of all census materials/personnel under their control, and provide logistical support during publicity and advocacy, recruitment, training and enumeration.

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4. Legal authority to undertake the census

4.1. The 2019 census will be conducted in accordance with the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 (Fourth Schedule part 1 item 11), the Statistics Act No. 4 of 2006 Laws of Kenya and the Statistics (Census of Population) Order, 2018 -- Legal Notice No. 205

4.2. As a census official, the law allows you access to any premises, compound or house for the purpose of enumerating persons. However, the law forbids you from conducting yourself inappropriately. In particular, it provides that you only ask such questions as are necessary to complete the questionnaire or check entries already made.

4.3. Penalties are provided for if members of the public fail to furnish enumerator with the required information or if enumerator fails in his/her duties. The law particularly stresses on confidentiality of the information collected from individuals.

5. Confidentiality of the information

5.1. The information collected is confidential and will only be used for statistical purposes. No one is permitted to discuss or share the information with anyone who is not an authorized officer within the census organization. Make all entries on the questionnaire yourself. On no account should one allow any unauthorized persons to fill any part of the questionnaire. Do not leave devices open where unauthorized persons may have access to the information collected.

5.2. To enforce this confidentiality, data collection personnel will take an Oath of Secrecy during the training. This oath is prescribed by the law and will be administered to all persons engaged in the 2019 census.

6. Role of the enumerator

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6.1. The enumerator's role is central to the success of the census. It is important, therefore, that all enumerators carefully follow the laid down procedures.

The duties and responsibilities of an enumerator are to:

Please note that being polite, patient, presentable and tactful at all times will win public confidence/ cooperation and is critical to the success of the census.

7. How to handle interviews

7.1. The enumerator and the respondent might be strangers to each other and, therefore, one of the main tasks of the enumerator is to establish rapport with the respondent. The respondent's first impression of the enumerator will influence her/his willingness to cooperate in the census. All census personnel should make sure that they presentable and friendly at all times.

7.2. Act as though you expect friendly cooperation and behave so as to deserve it. Start interviewing only when you have observed the following: exchanged proper greetings; identified yourself; explained the purpose of your visit; and have answered any questions and/or clarified issues about the census that the people may ask. However, do not spend too much time asking and/or answering unnecessary questions. You may avoid such questions by indicating that you have limited time. You are advised to avoid long discussions on issues which are not related to the census and which may consume a lot of your time.

7.3. After building rapport with the respondent, ask questions slowly to ensure the respondent understands what he/she is being asked. After you have asked a question, pause and give the respondent time to think. If the respondent feels rushed or is not allowed to form his/her opinion, he/she may respond with "I don't know" or give an inaccurate answer. Ensure that the information given is correct by keeping the respondents focused on the questions.

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7.4. Always stress the confidentiality of the information you obtain from the respondent. Never share the collected information with other interviewers or supervisor in front of a respondent or any other person. This will automatically erode the confidence the respondent has in you.

The following guidelines will assist you to handle interviews successfully:

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7.5. It may happen that someone refuses to answer your questions. This is mostly because of misunderstanding. Remain courteous. Stress the importance of the census and that the information is confidential; that no one outside the census organization will be allowed access to the collected information; that details of individual people are never released for any other purpose whatsoever; and that census results are published only as numerical tables. You should be able to clear any misunderstanding. Otherwise, report the incident to your supervisor or any other responsible census official at the earliest opportunity.

8. Required materials

8.1. During training:
a) On the first 3 days, training will focus on hard copy questionnaires while training on CAPI will be done during the remaining 4 days. In this respect, each enumerator will be issued with the following materials:

8.2. After training: Upon successful completion of training, trainees will be issued with the following materials:

After the enumeration period, enumerators will be expected return the data collection devices, all the used and unused questionnaires, map(s) and the note book(s) to your supervisor (both filled and unfilled) before clearance.

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Part II: General instructions

9. Some key concepts for the 2019 census undertaking

9.1. Structure
A structure is a freestanding building used for the purposes of residential, business or any other activity. For census purposes, a structure constitutes a building used for dwelling purposes. In rural areas, most of the structures will be found within a homestead. A structure can contain one or more dwelling units. In urban areas, a structure may contain several dwelling units. For example, storeyed buildings, or any other building containing more than one dwelling unit.

9.2. Dwelling unit
This is a place of abode or residence with a private entrance. There can be many dwelling units within a structure. A dwelling unit may have one or more habitable rooms.

9.3. Homestead
It is an isolated compound with one or more structures, and may be inhabited by one or more households. In most cases, fences, hedges, walls, etc. surround homesteads. A homestead may contain, for example, a hut or a group of huts. A manyatta, thus is considered as a homestead. However, a wall/fence or hedge need not necessarily surround a homestead. For instance, boys' quarters, garage, kitchen, etc. may be part of a homestead whether or not they are surrounded by a fence/wall, etc. During enumeration, the data collection personnel will visit homesteads and identify the structures, dwelling units and households in them.

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9.4. Habitable rooms
Habitable rooms are defined places/spaces in the dwelling unit that are used mainly for living and exclude stores, granaries, offices, toilets and garages.

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9.5. Household
9.5.1. A household is a person or group of persons who reside in the same homestead/compound but not necessarily in the same dwelling unit, have same cooking arrangements, and are answerable to the same household head.

There are three important questions used to identify a household.

If the answer to each of the above criteria is "yes", then you have adequately identified a household. If the answer to one or more of these criteria is "no", then there are more than one household.

There are two types of households: conventional and non-conventional households.

9.6. Conventional households
Usually consist of a person or a group of persons who live together in the same homestead/compound but not necessarily in the same dwelling unit, have same cooking arrangements, and are answerable to the same household head. It is important to remember that members of a household are not necessarily related (by blood or marriage).

Determination of households may not be easy. However, the following examples should guide you in deciding who should form a household.

For census purposes, you will list only those persons who will have spent the census night (the Night of 24/25 August 2019) with the household, whether visitors, servants, etc.

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9.7. Non-conventional households
There are cases where certain rules used to decide what a household do not apply. Here are some guidelines to help you:

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9.8. Household head
This is the most responsible/respectable member of the household who makes key decisions of the household on a day-to-day basis and whose authority is recognized by all members of the household. It could be the father, the mother or a child, or any other responsible member of the household depending on the status of the household e.g. a non-relative could be taken as a household head if the usual household head did not spend the census night with the household members. If both parents did not spend the census night with the household then a child can be taken as household head. However, in special circumstances, those who are away because of the nature of their work e.g. watchmen, nurses, police officers and shift workers on night duty, herdsmen out with livestock, night fishermen, hunters, honey harvesters and persons attending hospital outpatient departments and other businesses at night, can be treated as heads in their households where applicable.

9.9. Respondent
This is the person who answers census questions during enumeration. This may be the head of the household or any other member of the household who can provide most of, if not all, the information about the household members at the time of the interview as per the questionnaire requirements.

9.10. Usual household member
A usual member household is a person who, most of his/her time, lives in that household and is only temporarily away from the household for a period of not more than six months in a year at the time of census. This definition will include students in boarding schools, those in hospitals, those serving short-term imprisonment, and those on safari. However, visitors, long-term inmates, spouses and other members of the household who work and live elsewhere are excluded from this definition.

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9.11. Enumeration area (EA)
This is the smallest geographical unit with an average of 100 households created for the purpose of census enumeration. The size may vary from 50 to 149 households depending on the population density, terrain and vastness of the area concerned. An EA may be a village, group of villages or part of a village. For the purposes of this census, the term village is common in many rural areas but may be used to mean a Manyatta or Bulla in other parts of Kenya. In urban areas, an estate may take the concept of village. Ideally, an EA will be covered by one enumerator during census enumeration. In urban areas, a block of flats may constitute more than one EA depending on the number of households.

9.12. Population present (de facto) census
Population present (de facto) census is where all persons are enumerated depending on where they spent the census night. In the 2019 Population Census, all persons shall be enumerated where they will be found or where they shall have spent the census night (24th/25th August 2019) within the Kenyan boundary.

9.13. Total household population
This refers to the total number of persons who shall have spent the census night (24th/25th August 2019) in a household.

10. The enumeration area (EA) map

10.1. Definition of a map
A map is a graphical representation of whole or part of the earth's surface drawn to scale on a piece of paper or any other drawing media.

Two maps have been prepared for the 2019 KPHC, census sub-location and EA maps.

Census sub-location map
This is a map of an entire sub-location or part of a sub-location showing EA boundaries. An EA should constitute on average of 100 households. It may comprise part of a village, a whole village or group of villages.

Importance of the census sub-location map
The map ensures that each part of the country is enumerated once and only once without omission or duplication. The Enumerator uses the map to:

The supervisor uses the map to:

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Census enumeration area map: It is a map showing the EA of interest. This EA has been highlighted using a blue colour. The Map shows each enumerator the extent of the EA allocated to him/her.

Demarcation of the country into enumeration areas

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10.2. Different categories of EAs

There are four distinct categories of EAs:

EAs in settled agricultural areas are based on villages e.g. an EA is formed by part of a village (as is the case of Ochi village which has been split to form two EAs: 004 and 005), a whole village (as is the case of Kipgeigei village EA 006) or by combining two or more villages (as is the case of EA 002 which is made up of two villages i.e. Chepsetyon and Chelogon (See Appendix 5 Map 1). In the peri urban areas, the EAs are based on villages and hence are mapped as EAs in settled agricultural areas. In case of difficulty or doubt about the EA boundary, please contact your supervisor, the Assistant Chief or Village Elder.

In urban areas, the EAs are based on estate boundaries/blocks (flats). All the structures in this category have been numbered and are clearly shown on the maps. For example, the 9th structure on the ground is numbered as KNBS/KPHC/2019/009 while on the map is numbered as 009. (See Appendix 5 Map 2).

In arid and semi-arid areas, the EAs have been delineated on the basis of settlement points. The boundaries have been fixed arbitrarily. The settlement areas can easily be identified through the location of homesteads which have been plotted on the map. You must contact your supervisor, the Assistant Chief or Village Elder to assist you to locate the settlement points (See Appendix 5 Map 3).

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Large forests, national parks and reserves have been treated as special EAs on their own. You must, with the assistance of the forest officials or game wardens, identify where people live in such EAs (See Appendix 5 Map 4).

10.3. Studying the census maps

The map contains several elements which can be summarized by the acronym "dogstails".

The Maps provided have most of these elements except the grids and index.

10.4. EA code
Every EA within the country has been assigned a 13-digit administrative geo-code to uniquely identify it. For example, EACODE 0101010101001, where the 1st and 2nd digits represent the county code, 3rd and 4th - sub- county, 5th and 6th - division, 7th and 8th - location, 9th and 10th Sub- location, 11th to 13th - EA number.

To identify the EA allocated to you, there is need to understand how to derive the 13 digits from the map. On the top left side of each map, is a ten digit sub-location code. For all enumerators working in the same sub- location, the first 10 digits for the EA code will be same.

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Example: Kapkugerwet sub-location has 11 EAs and so, for the 11 enumerators working in this sub-location, the first 10 digits will be 3503011002. For the last 3 digits which represent the EA number, it will be different for each enumerator running from 001 to 011. On the map face, there are EA names, numbers, type and status. The EA number, type and status have been combined on the map face to form a five-digit number, e.g. 00129 where the 1st, 2nd and 3rd represent the EA number, 4th the EA type (which is either 1 for rural, 2 for urban or 3 for peri-urban), and 5th the EA status (which is either 4 for an informal EA or 9 for a formal EA).

For an enumerator assigned EA number six in Kapkugerwet sub-location, he/she is supposed to look on the map face the number whose first three digits is 006. The EA is, therefore, Kipgeigei village whose complete number on the map face is 00619. This means that EA 006 is within Kipgeigei village, which is a rural, formal settlement. To create the full EA code, this enumerator will combine the sub-location code 3503011002 on the top left of the map, with the EA number 006 on the map face, to have a thirteen-digit EA code, i.e. 3503011002006.

10.5. Orienting the census map
Before starting to use a map in the field, it is important that you align the map features correctly with the features on the ground. Start by establishing the North direction in relation to where you are standing. The following steps will help you orient your map properly:

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10.6. Scales
The EA maps have been prepared using various scales for different areas. The following are examples of such scales:

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10.7. Measuring distances on the Map
A scale is provided on the map to assist you in measuring distances on the map. Distances on a map can be measured by using a piece of paper or string and then scaling the measured distance against the linear scale (graphical) provided on the map. For example, to determine the distance from point A to point B along a curved road:

10.8. Measuring distances on the ground
In order to determine distances on the ground using the map, you must use your paces. For example, take your pace to be approximately 1m. Measure the distance on the map as shown (section 13.2.), i.e. measure the distance you want on your map in cms and, using the map scale, find the distance in metres on the ground. If, for example, you are using a map with a scale of 1:10,000 and you measure 2cm on the map, this is equivalent to 200 meters on the ground. You are, therefore, supposed to walk approximately 200 paces to cover the distance measured on the map.

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11. How the identification panel has been pre-filled
The identification panel has been pre-filled using the codes as provided in the EA map that you will be given by your supervisor. All the administrative units i.e. (county, sub-county, division, location and sub-location) and political units (constituency and ward) names and codes are obtained from the map at the top right-hand side. The EA code is composed of five digits where the first three digits form the EA number, the fourth digit is the EA type and the fifth digit is the status.

12. Pre-enumeration household listing
Household listing is an estimation of households and the usual members in each household in the EA that an enumerator will be working during the census period. Pre-enumeration listing of households will be done 2 days prior to the actual census enumeration.
Enumerators will be given two days, from 22nd to 23rd August, 2019 to undertake the pre-enumeration household listing. It is advised that the household listing starts from a particular point within the EA and move systematically until all households and usual household members are counted.

12.1. Listing procedure

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12.2. Structure numbering during pre-listing

Note: After collection of the information, it will be submitted to the server immediately. Both content and ICT supervisors will need to monitor this activity keenly.

13. Structure numbering during enumeration
13.1. During actual enumeration, enumerators will be expected to add an E to the structure number indicating that the Household has been enumerated. For example, after enumerating the first household enumerated in structure one (S001/001), the number will be S001/001/E. Ensure that all the enumerated households have letter E added to the structure number accordingly.

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13.2. You will be supplied with chalk and/or structure numbering cards that will be used to mark those structures of households you have visited and enumerated. Structure numbering cards will normally be used in ASAL areas to indicate households enumerated. Put the structure and household number on the structure numbering card and leave it with the household.

13.3. The purpose of this is to ensure that no household is enumerated twice or missed out. It will also serve to give each household a temporary address for census purposes. This makes checking easier.

13.4. When you have enumerated the members of a household, write the household number in some conspicuous place. Write the number neatly where it will be easily visible to your supervisor and out of reach of children. Ask the household members to leave it up until the end of November 2019. Explain that the number is used for census purposes only.

13.5. If there is more than one household in a building or structure, write the number at the entrance to the household's living quarters.

13.6. If the household occupies more than one building or structure, write the number on the main structure.

13.7. Do not mark a dwelling until you have enumerated the members of the household.

14. Who and when should you enumerate

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15. What happens if there is no one at home

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16. The 2019 census questionnaires
The 2019 census will be conducted using 5 questionnaires (1 main and 4 short questionnaires).

16.1. Main questionnaire
The main census questionnaire will be used to enumerate persons in conventional households. Note however that conventional households within institutions like refugee camps, schools, barracks, colleges, convents, monasteries, etc will also be enumerated using the main questionnaire. Details on how to complete the main questionnaire are provided in Part III of this manual.

16.2. Short questionnaires

There will be a total of 4 short questionnaires to be administered to the special population. This includes; hotel/lodge questionnaire to be administered to those who will be spending the census night in hotels/lodges, traveler's questionnaire to be administered to those who will be on transit, street person's questionnaire to be administered to the persons living on the streets, and Emigrants questionnaire seeking to get information on emigrants in the enumerated households. More details in section 31.

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16.3. Checking your work
Check your work before you leave the household to make sure that you have filled the questionnaire accurately and fully in order to avoid being sent back to correct errors. In particular, check that you have enumerated everybody who will have spent the Census Night in the household and that all the relevant questions have been answered correctly.

Part III: How to fill in the main questionnaire

17. General rules

18. Layout of the main census questionnaire

18.1. Identification panel
The top of the questionnaire is reserved for information identifying the household and summaries for each household. It provides the geo information for each area, which is necessary for identifying the geographic positioning of households within the Country during analysis. Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI) will have this area pre-filled and your role will be to select your assigned area and populate only the household numbers. In addition, you will be required to ask the respondent the Total Number of persons by sex who spent the Census Night in each household and fill it before proceeding to list/roster them.

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18.2. Main census questionnaire sections

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19. The interview and the questions
Census night: all enumeration must relate to the census night. this will be the midnight of 24th/ 25th august 2019. This night will be the reference time to which all enumeration should relate. Note that only persons who will be alive in kenya on this date and time are to be enumerated.

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19.1. The census night has been publicized in advance throughout the country. Remember that all the questions you ask must relate to the census night unless you have specific instructions to the contrary.

19.2. Note that between the census night and the time of enumeration, the composition of a particular household may have changed. If somebody died after the census night, you should enumerate them as living on the census night. If a baby was born after the census night, you should not enumerate him/her. Visitors are enumerated if they will have spent the census night in the household. Enumeration may last up to 7 days i.e. from 24th /25th August, 2019 to 31st August, 2019.

19.3. When you arrive at a house, greet the occupants and identify yourself as a census enumerator. You will have an identification badge and uniform for this purpose.

19.4. Ask for the head of the household. Note that the head of household is the person who is regarded by the members of the household as its head, and may be a man or a woman. For the purpose of the census, he/she must have spent the census night with the household. If the head of the household was not present on the census night, ask for the next responsible person who will have spent the census night in the household. Make this person the household head. However, if the usual head of the household is present during the interview, he/she may furnish you with the details of the household, despite him/her not having spent the census night in the household.

19.5. When you are enumerating members of an institution, e.g. hospital inpatients, children's homes, convents, monasteries, barracks, hotels/lodges, guest houses, cottages, prisons, police cells, refugee camps, boarding schools, etc. you will need to seek assistance from the person in charge of the institution to be able to get the required information.

19.6. Explain that you must record particulars of everyone who was present at the institution on the census night. However, remember to exclude people who live in their households within the institution or people who work in the institution but live with their households elsewhere. Those in conventional households within the institutions will be enumerated using the main questionnaire.

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19.7. Next, complete the information required in the questionnaires appropriately.

20. Section A: Information regarding all persons

20.1. Column P00: Name

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20.2. Line number of [the respondent]

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20.3. Columns P10 and P11: Relationship and sex

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20.4. Column P12: Age
Age is one of the most important pieces of information to be sought in a census. You must try as much as possible to record the correct age of the respondent. Under no circumstances should this column be left blank. You must probe to make sure that you get even a rough estimate.

How old is [the respondent]?

How to use the historical calendar of events to estimate the respondent's age:

If this method fails, you should try the following approach.

Note: Questions P10-P12 on relationship, sex and age are extremely important and must be responded to for all persons enumerated in the household.

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20.5. Column P13: Date of birth

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20.6. Column P14: Line number of mother

If name's biological mother is alive and is listed in the household schedule - column p00, record "line number" of the mother. If she is not listed in the household, record "0".

20.7. Column P15: Usual member of household

For purposes of the 2019 census, a person is considered to be a usual member of a household if he/she has been living in that household most of the time, (at least 6 months in the last 12 months); or intends to stay there for some time. Most of the people to be enumerated during the census have not moved for some time and thus categorising them as "usual residents" should be clear.

Ask: "Is [the respondent] a usual member of this household?"
A usual member of a household is one who spends most of his/her time in the household. However, that person must be answerable to the household head, shares cooking arrangements with the rest and lives in the same house or compound or dwelling unit. If the answer is yes, select "1", if the listed person is not a "usual" member, then select "2" for No in the appropriate box. Usual residents may be citizens or not and may include refugees. Foreigners who have been in the country for a period of at least 6 months should be considered usual residents. Persons who have been absent from the household for most of the last 12 months should be excluded. A threshold of 6 months will be applied. If a person has lived continuously for most of the last 12 months, i.e. at least 6 months, not including temporary absences, or intends to live for at least six months at the place of enumeration, then this is a usual member of the household. This also applies to newborns or those who have come to stay indefinitely. Exceptions include children who are in schools and live in the households.

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20.8. Column P16: Ethnicity/nationality

Ask: What is [the respondent]'s ethnicity or nationality?

Note: Codes with "other" should be used as last option.

20.9. Column P17: Religion

Ask: What is [the respondent]'s religion?

This question is seeking information on religious affiliation and not the name of the church one attends. For instance, I could be attending AIC, my religion in this case will be "protestant, select code 2", etc. The possible codes for column P17 are as follows;

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Note: Please read and internalize these codes as provided. Take keen interest in the ones likely to be found in your county/region/or EA to avoid misclassification. Codes with "Other" should be used as a last option.

20.10. Column P18: Marital status
The question on marital status is to be asked of persons aged 12 years and above. Marriage should only involve partners of the opposite sex.

Ask if this person monogamously or polygamously married, widowed, divorced or separated, or never married. Record whatever the respondent mentions irrespective of the legal status.

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20.11. Column P19: Country/county of birth

Ask: Where was [the respondent] born?

Birth place is the place of residence of mother at the time of the respondent's birth. This question is meant to establish persons who are not enumerated in their places of birth and hence have migrated. Sometimes, expectant mothers move from rural areas to urban areas for purposes of delivery since maternity services are better at the latter. This kind of movement is short lived and must not be confused with a migratory one. For example, if a woman who usually resides in Kiambu County moves to Nairobi to deliver her child, it will be assumed that the woman went to Nairobi purposely for maternity services. Thus, the County of birth of the child will be recorded as Kiambu County.

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20.12. Column P20: Previous residence

Ask: Where was [the respondent] living in August 2018?

20.13. Column P21-P22: Duration of residence

Ask: When did [the respondent] move to the current county?

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20.14. Column P23: Reason for moving to the current place of residence

People move from one place of residence to another for various reasons, e.g., economic, social, political and environmental.

Ask: Why did [the respondent] move to the current place of residence?
The choices provided are:

Note: In cases where children moved with their parents/family for whatever reasons, enter code "10" as reason for movement to current location.

20.15. Column P24-P25: Orphanhood
Ask: Is [the respondent]'s biological father/mother alive?

21. Section B: Information regarding females aged 12 years and above

21.1. Columns P26 to P33: Particulars of all live births

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21.2. Columns P26-P27: Children born alive

Ask: How many children have you ever borne alive?

A child born alive is one who shows one or more of the following signs of life immediately after birth:

The census is concerned only with children born alive. Do not include stillbirths, that is, children who were born dead and, therefore, did not show any sign(s) of life as above at the time of birth.
If the woman has born any child alive, enter the number of boys in the boxes in P26 and the number of girls in P27.

21.3. Columns P28-P29: Children living in the household

If the woman has born children alive, ask, "of the children you have born alive, how many usually live with you in this household?" Remember that for all childless women, you must enter "0" in the appropriate boxes.

Enter the number of boys and girls who usually live in the household in columns P28 and P29 respectively. If none of the boys or girls the woman has borne alive are living in the household, write "00" in the appropriate boxes. Children borne to the woman who are in boarding schools should be included among the children who usually live in the household. In case of a visitor who spent the census night with her children in the household, these children should not be captured in P28 and P29 but in P30 and P31.

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21.4. Columns P30-P31: Children living elsewhere

Next ask: "Of the children you have born alive, how many usually live elsewhere?"
Enter the number of boys who usually live elsewhere in column P30 and the number of girls in column P31. If none of the boys or girls she has borne alive live elsewhere, write, "00" in the appropriate boxes.

Include in these columns (P30 and P31) all the children the woman has borne alive who usually live elsewhere. It may be that they have grown up and married, or have gone off to work, or are living with relatives, etc. Make sure that none of the children she has borne alive are missed out. You may ask further questions to probe -- for example, "are any of your children away?", "at work?", "with other relatives?" etc.

21.5. Columns P32-P33: Children who have died

Then ask, "of the children you have born alive, how many have died?"

It is usually painful to talk about dead children. It is therefore best to ask this question in a matter of fact and without embarrassment. Please refer to Section B above for the definition of a live birth.

Enter the number of boys and girls who have died in columns P32 and P33 respectively. If none of the boys and girls she has borne alive has died, enter "00" in the appropriate columns. If, in spite of your best efforts, you cannot obtain this information about the children who have died, leave columns P32 and P33 blank. However, this will not be encouraged.

Before proceeding to columns P34-P41, probe to confirm whether the number of children given in columns P28-P33 is correct by comparing with the entries in columns P26 and P27. If these totals differ, probe further and adjust your entries accordingly.

21.6. Columns P34-P41: Particulars of last live births: These questions are to be asked of all females aged 12 years and above

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21.7. Columns P34-P35: Date when last child was born
Ask, "when was your last child born?"

Record the month and year of birth in columns P34 and P35 respectively. Enter the month in column P34, i.e., "01" for January, "02" for February, "12" for December; and the year in column P35, i.e., "1980", "1989". This question should be asked regardless of the age of the last born child (he or she could be an adult by now).

The subsequent questions (P36-P41 will apply to births since August 2014). You should probe for all children born since August, 2014 even if the exact date is not known.

21.8. Columns P36: Place where the birth of last child occurred

Ask, "Where was this last child born?"
Births can occur either within a health facility or outside a health facility, e.g., at home, on the roadside, etc. enter code "1" for a birth that occurred in a health facility, "2" for a birth that occurred outside a health facility, (e.g., at home, in an ambulance/taxi/tuktuk/ on way to the facility, just outside hospital gate etc.) and "Enter 9" for don't know.
Note: Mobile clinics that are equipped with medical facilities will be treated as a facility.

21.9. Column P37: Sex of the last born child/children

Ask, 'What was the sex of this last born child/children?'
Enter the sex of the last born child in column P37. Enter "1" for male, "2" for female, "3" for male twins, "4" for female twins, "5" for twins with one of either sex (male and female twins), and "6" for other multiple births, and "9" for don't know.

21.10. Column P38: Birth notification

Ask, 'Was the birth of the last child notified?'
Enter the correct code in column P-38, i.e. "1" for yes, "2" for no and "9" for DK. Notification is the process whereby a parent or guardian or officer in charge of an institution (e.g., prison) where the birth has occurred reports to a government official responsible for registration of births within 6 months of occurrence. The government officials responsible for registration of births that occur at home are assistant chiefs and health personnel at immunization clinics while births that occur in health institutions are registered by personnel in those institutions.

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21.11. Columns P39-P41: Survival status of last born child

Column P39, ask, "is the last child/ children still alive". Note that even though the question is about the last child, it refers to the last birth. A birth can either be single or twins/multiple. If it is a single birth and the child is still alive, Enter 1 for 'Yes" and if the child has since died, enter 2 for "no".

For twin births, if one of the twins is alive enter 3 "yes, one of the twins", if both twins are alive enter 4 for "yes, both twins". If none of the twins is alive enter 2 for "no". For multiple births i.e. three children, if one of the multiples is alive then enter 5 for "yes, one of the multiples". If two of the three children are alive then enter 6 for "yes, two of the multiples"; if all the children are alive then enter 7 "yes, all of the multiples". If none of the multiples is alive enter 2 "no". If the respondent does not know if the child/children born are alive or not, Enter 9 "DK"

Column P40 - P41: If last birth was a single and the child has since died, record the date when the death occurred. Record the month and year in columns P40 and P41 respectively. If the birth was twin or multiple, record the date of the last death. Enter the month in column P40, i.e., "01" for January, "02" for February, "12" for December, and the year in column P41, i.e., "2014", "2016". If the date is not known, enter "99" for month and "9999" for year.

22. Section C: Information regarding persons with difficulties in performing activities of daily life

Columns p42 to p44 contain questions pertaining to persons with difficulties in performing activities of daily life. These questions are to be asked of the head of the household or any other responsible person.

22.1. Introduction
Questions regarding persons with difficulties in performing activities of daily life have to be asked very carefully and with caution due to the sensitivity and stigma associated with difficulties.

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Note: The inclusion of assistive devices is considered for two domains only, seeing and hearing, as limitations in these domains can often be easily overcome with the use of glasses or hearing aids (use of these is common in most countries).

22.2. Questions to be asked to respondents
During this census, the following questions will be asked;

Questions P42 to P44 are to be asked of persons aged 5 years and above except P43.

Questions P42

Each of the above six questions has five possible response categories:

The enumerator should read questions in P42 together with the response options without pause except option 5 - Don't Know

For example: "Does [the respondent] have difficulty walking or climbing stairs? Would you say: No, no difficulty; or yes, some difficulty; or yes, a lot of difficulty or cannot do it at all"

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Questions P43

Question P44 is applicable for persons recording "some difficulty", "a lot of difficulty" or "cannot do at all", in P42 and "yes" in P43.

Questions P44

Both questions P43 and P44 have three possible response categories:

22.3. Question by question specifications

Question 1: Do you have difficulty seeing, even if wearing glasses?
The purpose of this question is to identify persons who have vision difficulties or problems seeing even when wearing glasses. "Seeing" refers to an individual using his/her eyes and visual capacity in order to perceive or observe what is happening around them. "Even when wearing glasses" refers to difficulty seeing with glasses if the respondent has, and uses, them - not how vision would be if glasses, or better glasses, were provided to one who needed them.
Included are problems: "seeing things close up or far away", and "seeing out of one eye or only seeing directly in front but not to the sides". Any problem with vision that the respondent considers a problem should be captured.

Question 2: Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?
The purpose of this question is to identify persons who have some hearing limitation or problems of any kind with their hearing even when using a hearing aid (if they wear a hearing aid). "Hearing" refers to an individual using their ears and auditory (or hearing) capacity in order to know what is being said to them or the sounds of activity, including danger that is happening around them. "Even if using a hearing aid" refers to difficulty hearing with a hearing aid if the respondent has, and uses, that device -- not how hearing would be if hearing aids, or better hearing aids, were provided to one who needed them.
Included are problems: "hearing in a noisy or a quiet environment", "distinguishing sounds from different sources", and "hearing in one ear or both ears". Any difficulty with hearing that is considered a problem should be captured.

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Question 3: Do you have difficulty walking or climbing stairs?
This question is intended to identify persons who have some limitation or problems of any kind getting around on foot. "Walking" refers to the use of lower limbs (legs) in such a way as to propel oneself over the ground to get from point A to point B. The capacity to walk should be without assistance of any device (wheelchair, crutches, walker etc.) or human. If such assistance is needed, the person has difficulty walking.

Difficulties walking can include those resulting from impairments in balance, endurance, or other non-musculoskeletal systems, for example blind people having difficulty walking in an unfamiliar place or deaf people having difficulty climbing stairs when there is no lighting. Any difficulty with walking (whether it is on flat land or, up or down stairs) that is considered a problem should be captured.

Included are problems: "walking short (about 100 yards/meters) or long distances (about 500 yards/meters)", "walking any distance without stopping to rest is included", and "walking up or down stairs".

Question 4: Do you have difficulty remembering or concentrating?
The purpose of this question is to identify persons who have some problems with remembering or focusing attention that contribute to difficulty in doing their daily activities. "Remembering" refers to the use of memory to recall incidents or events. It means the individual can bring to mind or think again about something that has taken place in the past (either the recent past or further back)

With younger people, remembering is often associated with storing facts learned in school and being able to retrieve them when needed. Remembering should not be equated with memorizing or with good or bad memories. Concentrating refers to the use of mental ability to accomplish some task such as reading, calculating numbers, learning something. It is associated with focusing on the task at hand in order to complete the task.

Included are problems: "finding one's way around, being unable to concentrate on an activity, or forgetting one's whereabouts or the date", and "problems remembering what someone just said or becoming confused or frightened about most things". Any difficulty with remembering, concentrating or understanding what is going on around them that they or family members (if the family member is the respondent) consider a problem should be captured.

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Exclusions: difficulties remembering or concentrating because of common everyday situations such as high workload or stress, or as a result of substance abuse are excluded.

Question 5: Do you have difficulty with self-care, such as washing all over or dressing?
The purpose of this question is to identify persons who have some problems with taking care of themselves independently. "Washing all over" refers to the process of cleaning one's entire body (usually with soap and water) in the usual manner for the culture. The washing activity includes cleaning hair and feet, as well as gathering any necessary items for bathing such as soap or shampoo, a washcloth, or water. "Dressing" refers to all aspects of putting clothing or garments on the upper and lower body including the feet if culturally appropriate. Washing and dressing represents tasks that occur on a daily basis and are considered basic, universal activities.
Included are: the acts of gathering clothing from storage areas (i.e. closet, dressers), securing buttons, tying knots, zipping, etc.

Question 6: Using your usual language, do you have difficulty communicating, (for example understanding or being understood by others)?

The purpose of this question is to identify persons who have some problems with talking, listening or understanding speech such that it contributes to difficulty in making themselves understood to others or understanding others. "Communicating" refers to a person exchanging information or ideas with other people through the use of usual language. Communication difficulties can originate in numerous places in the exchange process. It may involve mechanical problems such as hearing impairment or speech impairment, or it may be related to the ability of the mind to interpret the sounds that the auditory system is gathering and to recognize the words that are being used or an inability of the mind to compose a sentence or say a word even when the person knows the word and sentence.

Included is: the use of the voice for the exchange or using signs (including sign language) or writing the information to be conveyed. Included also are problems making oneself understood, or problems understanding other people when they speak or try to communicate in other ways.

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Exclusion: Difficulty understanding or being understood due to non-native or unfamiliar language is not included.

Question 7: Does [the respondent] have albinism?
This question is to identify persons who have albinism. Albinism is a defect of melanin production that results in little or no colour (pigment) in the skin, hair and eyes. There are two (2) types of albinism

Many forms of albinism may present with absence of colour in the hair, skin, or iris of the eye, being lighter than normal skin and hair, patchy and missing skin colour, crossed eyes, light sensitivity, rapid eye movements, vision problems, or functional blindness.

Question 8: Because of the difficulty, does [the respondent] have a problem in engaging in any economic activity?

This question seeks to establish if [the respondent]'s economic activities are affected by his/her difficulties in performing activities of daily life

22.4. Interacting with persons with difficulties in performing activities of daily life during enumeration

The personnel involved in the census must know how to interact with a person with a difficulty in performing activities of daily life, for example:

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23. Section D: Education status for persons aged 3 years and above

23.1. Columns P45 - P48: Information regarding education and training

Questions on Column P45 to P47 are applicable to persons age 3 years and above and refer to formal and non-formal education, while P48 applies to persons age 15 and above. Formal education covers pre-primary, primary, secondary, vocational training centres (formerly youth polytechnics), middle level colleges and university. Non-formal education (NFE) is any other form of education that does not follow standard approved curricula of the formal system but offers numeric and literacy skills through flexible learning, e.g. adult education, apprenticeship, madrassa/Duksi, etc.

Definitions

Where basic education involves mainly teaching numeric and literacy skills. A learner is considered to have achieved basic level of education after sitting and passing recommended proficiency examination.

Post literacy education teaches learners on subjects similar to those in formal primary schools. Like in basic literacy, a learner is considered to have achieved post-basic literacy education after sitting and passing recommended proficiency examination or the Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE).

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23.2. Column P45: School /learning institution attendance status

Ask: What is the current school/learning institution attendance status of [the respondent]?
Record "1" for persons attending school/learning institution this year; "2" for persons who have left school/learning institution after completion; "3" for persons who have left school/learning institution before completion; "4" for persons who have never been to school/learning institution; and "9" for persons whose schooling status is not known. Leave the box blank if the respondent is below 3 years.

23.3. Column P46: Highest standard/form/grade reached

Ask: What is the highest standard/form/grade of education reached by [the respondent]?
Enter in column P46 the highest level of formal education the person has reached from the provided code list: For example, if a person reached standard 4, he/she should be coded "4". If a person has reached/attending adult education basic literacy class, he/she should be coded "21".
However, if the person is enrolled/reached for KCPE examinations in an adult literacy centre then he/she should be coded "8".

If a person is attending/attended, a course in a vocational training centre he/she should be coded "23".

If a person is attending/attended a certificate course in a middle level college/technical training institute (post-secondary education), he/she should be coded "15".

If a person is attending/attended a diploma course in a middle level college/technical Training Institute (post-secondary education), he/she should be coded "16". If P45= 4 or 9 then enter "97".

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23.4. Column P47: Highest standard/form/grade of education completed
Objective: to determine the education attainment levels of the population in the country and their distribution. Explain none: those currently attending pre-primary and have not completed.

Ask: What is the highest std/form/grade completed by [the respondent]?

This question seeks to establish the highest class completed by the person whose details are being given. If the person was at school in standard 4 and left before completing, the highest standard he/she is considered to have completed is standard/grade 3 and so should be allocated code "3". Refer to the code list provided. If P45=4 use code "97" and if P45=9 use code "98".

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23.5. Column P48: Professional training (to be asked to persons aged 15 years and above)
Ask: What is the main training that [the respondent] has acquired and qualified for?

This question seeks to establish the main area of training for each member of the household who has completed any of the following three levels: post primary vocational training, post-secondary technical training and university.

Note: In some cases, some members of a household may have trained in multiple courses to enhance their career growth. In such cases, the enumerator is expected to establish the main training of the household member and record this. For instance, a person who has been trained as architecture can pursue further training in business administration at the master level. The main area of training for such a person will be professions and applied sciences specialty in architecture. Likewise, a teacher who pursues further training in psychology or guidance and counseling will have their main area of training in professions and applied sciences specialty in education.

The code list for the areas of training is presented in various domains. For instance, there is a humanities domain, which includes specialties like anthropology, history, language, and linguistics. If a person is trained in history, for example, the enumerator should select humanities and then enter "12". Similarly, in the domain of professions and applied sciences, the specialties include agriculture, animal health and veterinary sciences, health and human medicine (doctors), etc. In this case, a doctor will be clustered under professions and applied sciences and code "63" is applied.

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Code list for highest education level and grade reached and completed for question P-46 and P47

[Pages 55-57 showing the codes for education and professional training are omitted]

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24. Section E: Labour force participation

24.1. Introduction
A population census is one of the main sources of labour statistics, which are an important element in the measurement of economic growth and development in a country. Work is defined as "any activity performed by persons of any sex and age to produce goods or services. All work or productive activities are thus included, irrespective of their formal or informal character or the legality of the activity. Excluded are activities that do not involve producing goods or services (for example begging and stealing), self-care (for example, personal grooming and hygiene), and activities that cannot be performed by another person on one's own behalf (for example, sleeping, learning and activities for own recreation).

Questions on economic characteristics refer to the last seven days preceding the census night and are asked of all persons aged 5 years and above.

24.2. Labour force participation

Questions on labour force participation refer to questions in columns P49 to P54.

Column P49: Activity status
Ask: What was [the respondent] mainly doing during the last seven days preceding the census night (24th/25th August, 2019)?

What the respondent was mainly doing will denote the economic activity that occupied most of the respondent's time during the 7 days preceding the census night. Persons who held a job but were temporarily absent from work during the 7 days preceding the census should be coded based on the status of engagement as detailed below. The responses in column P49 are as follows:

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24.3. Column P50: Main employer
This question applies to those whose response to P49 was 1 to 9. Ask: Who was [the respondent]'s main employer?

Establish [the respondent]'s main employer. Each person who is working or held a job in the reference period will be asked whom they work for.

To clarify:
Broadly, employment sector refers to whether the employment is public (governmental) or private (non-governmental) or informal.

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All efforts should be made to place individuals in the above categories and enumerators should be able to correctly code.

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Selected examples

24.4. Column P51: Status in employment
This question applies to those whose response to P49 was 1 to 9.

Status in employment refers to the type of a contract of employment with other persons or organizations that the employed person has in his or her main job. The basic criteria used to define the group's classification are the type of economic risk, an element of which is the strength of the attachment between the person and the job, and the type of authority over establishments and other workers that the person has or will have in the job. Ensure that an employed person is classified by status in employment on the basis of the main job i.e. the same one used for classifying the person by "occupation", "industry" and "sector".

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24.5. Column P52: Working time
The concept of working time comprises the time associated with productive or work activities and the arrangement of this time during a specified reference period. Information on working time is necessary to prepare estimates of the volume of work or labour input for complete national production accounts. It is also essential to support the design, monitoring and evaluation of economic, social and labour market policies and programmes targeting labour market flexibility, work-life balance and conditions of work, including situations of underemployment due to insufficient working time (that is, time-related under-employment) and of excessive working time.

The measurement of working time is generally restricted to reference of one day or one week. Working time is usually measured and expressed in terms of units of time. These units are the smallest units used for measurement purposes and cannot be divided (i.e. a person who worked during part (or most) of the time unit should be reported as having worked during that unit). The time unit chosen by convention is generally one hour. Hours of work are categorized for the census into (a) usual/normal hours of work and (b) actual hours worked. Normal/usual hours of work refers to hours of work fixed by or in pursuance of laws, regulation, collective agreement or arbitral wards.

Ask how many hours [the respondent] actually worked seven days prior to the census night.

This question seeks to establish the actual number of hours worked in the seven days preceding the census night. In this section, one may be required to make some arithmetic calculations. If the respondent cannot remember the number of hours over the past 7 days, ask for the number of hours in one day and ask how many days the task was done in the seven days. Then multiply the number of hours by the number of days to get the total number of hours for the last 7 days.

Where a person did not actually work during the reference period, but held a job, ask for the usual hours of work and calculate.

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For example,
i. Civil servants normally work eight hours per day for five days translating to 40 hours per week.
ii. A factory worker who works overtime whether paid or not paid, for the extra time, the usual work hours will be less the extra time worked.

24.6. Column P53: Industry/economic activity
Ask [the respondent] the kind of economic activity associated with their main job. This question seeks to determine the economic activity of the establishment in which an employed person worked during the reference period or last worked if unemployed. This activity is defined in terms of the kinds of goods produced, or services offered by the economic unit or establishment in which the person works i.e. the kind of economic activity associated with their main job. The branch of economic activity of a person does not depend on one's occupation. Therefore, if a driver reports working in a factory producing suitcases and handbags, the activity would be considered as Manufacturing. It should also be pointed out that the terms "industry" and "economic activity" are interchangeably used to mean the same thing. The categories used are based on the International Standard of Industrial Classification (ISIC) Rev 4. These broadly cover the following categories referred to as sections:

Section A - Agriculture, forestry and fishing
This section includes the exploitation of vegetable and animal natural resources, comprising the activities of growing of crops, raising and breeding of animals, harvesting of timber and other plants, animals or animal products from a farm or their natural habitats. Examples: Flower farms, dominion farms, irrigation schemes, livestock rearing including emerging livestock, Kenya Forests Services, Logging activities; Agricultural extension offices, Fishing activities

Section B - Mining and quarrying
This section includes the extraction of minerals occurring naturally as solids (coal and ores), liquids (petroleum) or gases (natural gas). Mining activities include mining and quarrying of fossil fuels (coal, lignite, petroleum, gas); metal ores, various minerals and quarry products (sand, stone etc). Examples: Tullow oil; Magadi Soda; Companies mining gemstones, Gold.

Section C - Manufacturing
This section includes the physical or chemical transformation of materials, substances, or components into new products. The materials, substances, or components transformed are raw materials that are products of agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining or quarrying as well as products of other manufacturing activities. Examples: KETEPA; United millers; Mumias sugar; Kisii bottlers; Rivatex; General Motors; Tailoring, welding; carpentry; bakeries; Tea/coffee factories; Bidco; Menengai oil; fish processing companies.

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Section D - Electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply
This section includes the activity of providing electric power through a permanent infrastructure (network) of lines and mains. Also included is the distribution of electricity in industrial parks or residential buildings. This section therefore includes the operation of electric and gas utilities, which generate, control and distribute electric power. Examples: KPLC; KENGEN; KETRACO; Independent Power Producers-AGGREKO; Mini hydro generation entities.

Section E - Water supply; sewerage, waste management and remediation activities
This section includes activities related to the management (including collection, treatment and disposal) of various forms of waste, such as solid or non-solid industrial or household waste, as well as contaminated sites. Activities of water supply are also grouped in this section, since they are often carried out in connection with, or by units also engaged in, the treatment of sewage. Examples: Water and sewerage Companies (WASCOs)-Subsidiaries of county governments; Private companies engaged in solid waste management-Bins.

Section F - Construction
This section includes general construction and specialized construction activities for buildings and civil engineering works. It includes new work, repair, additions and alterations, the erection of prefabricated buildings or structures on the site and construction of a temporary nature. Examples: Construction companies-China Wu Yi; Kirinyaga construction; entities doing electrical works; Plumbing activities.

Section G - Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles
This section includes wholesale and retail sale (i.e. sale without transformation) of any type of goods (merchandise) and the rendering of services incidental to the sale of these goods. Wholesaling and retailing are the final steps in the distribution of goods. Also included in this section are the repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles. Examples: Car Bazaars; Garages; Small retail shops; Supermarkets; hardware shops. Pharmaceutical shops/outlets, electronic shops; Beer depots; butcheries, stalls, dealing in second hand clothes.

Section H - Transportation and storage
This section includes the provision of passenger or freight transport, whether scheduled or not, by rail, pipeline, road, water or air and associated activities such as terminal and parking facilities, cargo handling, storage etc. Included in this section is the renting of transport equipment with driver or operator. Also included are postal and courier activities. Example: Matatu transport; Bodaboda; Water Transport- ferries/ships; air transport-Kenya airways, Fly 540; Air Kenya; Kenya pipeline; Uber; taxify; Warehouses-Storage godowns; Postal and Courier services.

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Section I - Accommodation and food service activities
This section includes the provision of short-stay accommodation for visitors and other travellers and the provision of complete meals and drinks fit for immediate consumption. Examples: Hotels and restaurants; Lodgings; small restaurants offering meals and drinks, bars, night clubs

Section J - Information and communication
This section includes the production and distribution of information and cultural products, the provision of the means to transmit or distribute these products, as well as data or communications, information technology activities and the processing of data and other information service activities. Examples: Telecommunication companies-Safaricom, Airtel, Telkom; Publishing Companies-Longhorn, Jomo Kenyatta Foundation; Radio and TV broadcasting-NTV, K24, Ramogi FM, Radio Maisha, other ICT related activities, Internet Service providers- Dimension data, Liquid Telecoms, Swift Global, Huawei Technologies

Section K - Financial and insurance activities
This section includes financial service activities, including insurance, reinsurance and pension funding activities and activities to support financial services. Also included are activities of holding assets, such as activities of holding companies and the activities of trusts, funds and similar financial entities. Examples: Banks, insurance companies, insurance brokers, SACCOs, private pension funds, Trusts, Mobile money transfer activities- MPESA. Airtel Money, Telkom Cash

Section L - Real estate activities
This section includes acting as lessors, agents and/or brokers in one or more of the following: selling or buying real estate, renting real estate, providing other real estate services such as appraising real estate or acting as real estate escrow agents. Also included is the building of structures, combined with maintaining ownership or leasing of such structures and real estate property managers. Examples: Property management-agents-Lloyd Masika, Knight Frank, Land buying Companies.

Section M - Professional, scientific and technical activities
This section includes specialized professional, scientific and technical activities. These activities require a high degree of training and make specialized knowledge and skills available to users. Examples: Law firms, audit firms, architects, management consultants, advertising, veterinary doctors, accounting firms, engineering, research and experimental work-KARI, KEMRI-CDC;

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Section N - Administrative and support service activities
This section includes a variety of activities that support general business operations. These activities differ from those in section M, since their primary purpose is not the transfer of specialized knowledge. Examples: Private security firms- well Fargo, G4S, Lavington Security; car hire services, tour and travel operators, employment bureaus, general cleaning of buildings- Parapet etc, photocopying and type setting services; call centers- kencall; equipment hire without operator.

Section O - Public administration and defence; compulsory social security
This section includes activities of a governmental nature, normally carried out by the public administration. This includes the enactment and judicial interpretation of laws and their pursuant regulation, as well as the administration of programmes based on them, legislative activities, taxation, national defence, public order and safety, immigration services, foreign affairs and the administration of government programmes. This section also includes compulsory social security activities. Examples: Ministries, County government, Constitutional offices except teachers, NHIF, NSSF, KDF, police, prisons.

Section P - Education
It includes education by the different institutions in the regular school system at its different levels as well as adult education, literacy programmes etc. Also included are military schools and academies, prison schools etc. at their respective levels. The section includes public as well as private education. Examples: Teachers in primary and secondary schools, lecturers in universities, other workers such as bursars, watchmen, support staff in learning institutions; adult education, military schools; prison schools etc.

Section Q - Human health and social work activities
Activities include a wide range of activities, starting from health care provided by trained medical professionals in hospitals and other facilities, over residential care activities that still involve a degree of health care activities to social work activities without any involvement of health care professionals. Examples: Hospitals and health centres; hospices, rehabilitation centres, Social work (most NGO's/ CBO's) etc

Section R - Arts, entertainment and recreation
This section includes a wide range of activities to meet varied cultural, entertainment and recreational interests of the general public, including live performances, operation of museum sites, gambling, sports and recreation activities. Examples: National Museums of Kenya, Sportpesa, Betin, Gormahia(kogalo), wild waters, Lunar parks, Kenya wildlife Services, Conservancies.

Section S - Other service activities
This section (as a residual category) includes the activities of membership organizations, the repair of computers and personal and household goods and a variety of personal service activities not covered elsewhere in the classification. Examples: COTU, KNUT, religious organisations such as churches, mosques, temples; etc Barbershops (Kinyozi), salons, repair shops except garages.

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Section T - Activities of households as employers; undifferentiated goods- and services-producing activities of households for own use
This section allows the domestic personnel employed to state the activity of their employer in censuses or studies, even though the employer is an individual. It includes activities of households as employers of domestic personnel. Examples: maids, cooks, waiters, valets, butlers, laundresses, gardeners, gatekeepers, stable-lads, chauffeurs, caretakers, governesses, babysitters, tutors, secretaries etc.

Section U - Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies
This class includes activities of diplomatic and consular missions when being determined by the country of their location rather than by the country they represent. Also included are activities of international organizations. Examples: the United Nations and the specialized agencies of the United Nations system, regional bodies etc., the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the World Customs Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Comesa, EGAD, EAC, African Union Commission(AUC), the European Communities, the European Free Trade Association etc.

24.7. Column P53 (a): Occupation in main job
Ask: What specific work does [the respondent] usually do within the main job / business that he/she had during the 7 days preceding the census night? (Enter the job title and briefly describe the main tasks)
Occupation is a major component of national labour market information and the data is important for policy formulation and evaluation for, labour market programmes, educational planning and work-related migration.

Occupation refers to the type of work done by the person employed irrespective of where (the industry), or under what status in employment, it is being done. It is a "set of jobs whose main tasks and duties are characterized by a high degree of similarity" and should not be confused with the Economic activity/Industry or Status in Employment as described above.
This question seeks to establish the occupations of persons who worked or held a job in the reference period (last 7 days). A person will be associated with an occupation through the main job currently held.

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Examples:
- Security guard at a supermarket/shop
- Security guard at an airport
- Primary school teacher or teacher of primary school children
- Secondary school teacher
- Cashier in a bank
- Labourer in a construction site ("Mtu wa mkono")
- Accountant at a hotel
- Bus driver who drives passengers to the aircraft at an airport
- Subsistence farmer
- Farm hand on a farm
- Househelp in a private home

24.8. Column P54: Current work/employment and field of training
Ask: Is [the respondent] currently working/employed in the field of training given in P_48?
This question seeks to establish whether the respondent is doing work or is engaged in an occupation related to the main training identified in P_48. The work referred to here is that which is measured from P_49 to P_53a. Response to this question should be "Yes" (Enter "1") for those working in a field related to their main training and "No" (Enter "2") for those in an occupation different from their main training. Where it is not known, Enter "3" for (Don't know).

25. Section F: Particulars regarding information and communication technology (ict)

25.1. Introduction
The following questions on Information and Communication Technology (ICT) are to be asked to all members of the household age 3 years and above who may have owned, or used the ICTs at any one point, in the last 3 months before the census night (i.e. 24th May to 24th August, 2019). Take note that some of the questions under this section are technical and hence enumerators are requested to understand and only adhere to the definitions given here to avoid confusion. Enumerators are advised to probe further to get correct responses during data collection.
Columns P55--P58 to be asked to persons age 3 years and above. At this age, some children are introduced to school learning activities through different programmes such as the early childhood development (ECD) programme. It is, therefore, expected that some children may be using or owning a mobile phone (refer to the definition of mobile ownership below), using internet and computer/laptop/tablet) either at school, home or elsewhere.

Columns P59 to be asked to persons aged 15 years and above. The question seeks to capture the uptake of e-commerce (only online purchases considered).

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25.2. Column P55: Mobile phone ownership
Ask, has [the respondent] owned a mobile phone in the last 3 months? If the response is yes then go to P57.

Definition of mobile phone ownership: An individual owns a mobile phone if he/she has a mobile phone with at least one active SIM card for personal use regardless of how it was acquired in the last 3 months (24th May to 24th August, 2019). The intention of this question is to measure the actual penetration rate of mobile phone ownership in the country. Individuals who may not have owned a phone at any time between 24th May to 24th August, 2019 (the 3 months period) are excluded.

Persons considered to own a mobile phone include the following:

Persons not considered to own a mobile phone include:

To be able to get correct responses, the enumerator should probe further to ensure that the respondent meets the criteria for owning a phone.

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25.3. Column P56: Mobile phone use
Skip P56 if the response in P55 is yes. Otherwise,

Ask, has [the respondent] used a mobile phone in the last 3 months? Those to be included are:

25.4. Column P57: Use of internet

Ask, has [the respondent] used the internet from any location in the last 3 months?

The internet is a world-wide public computer network. It provides access to a number of communication services including the world-wide web (www) and carries email, news, entertainment and data files irrespective of the device used. The use of internet can be personal or official/work purposes at any place, e.g. their own internet enabled phones, cyber café, home, office, school, areas with hot spots like restaurants, street, or any other location. Activities carried via internet include the following but not limited to:

In order for the respondents to understand this question, the enumerators can ask whether they use Facebook, Whatsapp, sending email, Google, and other common activities carried out via internet.

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25.5. Column P58: Use of desktop computer/ laptop/ tablet
Ask, has [the respondent] used a computer/ laptop/ tablet from any location in the last 3 months?
Desktop computer: This refers to a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data, as well as share information in a highly structured manner. This includes a desktop personal computer (PC), workstations and server.

[Page 75 showing pictures of different devices is omitted]

Laptop: A laptop, often referred to as a notebook, is a small portable and foldable computer. The laptop usually has an in-built screen, keyboard and touch pad/mouse.

Tablet: A tablet is a portable computer typically with a mobile operating system and in-built touch screen. In most cases, the smallest screen size of a tablet is 7 inches. An iPad can be categorized as a tablet but iPhone, smart phones, smart TV set, etc. are not included.

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25.6. Column P59: Ordering or purchasing goods through Internet

Ask, has [the respondent] bought or ordered goods or services online in the last 3 months?

The intent of this question is to measure the use of internet in buying or placing an order. This is regardless of mode of delivery and/or payment of goods/ services. In other words, paying goods via mobile money such as Mpesa, Airtel money etc; paying via credit card, debit card, online banking etc. is not considered here neither is how goods are delivered.

The question captures only those respondents who at least placed an order or bought online within the last 3 months. The options are as follows:

Only one option/answer should be selected:

The enumerator should probe further to get the right response. In case the respondent may have experienced options (i), (ii) or (iii), then tick as follows:

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26. Section G: Information on annual live births and deaths in the household
This section is about all live births and deaths that occurred in the household in the last 12 months (between 24th August, 2018 and 24th August, 2019).

26.1. Column H10: Births in the household
Ask: How many live births have occurred in this household between 24/8/2018 and 24/8/2019. Record the responses in column H10. Births will be captured in the households where they occurred, i.e. if a woman gave birth to a child while still staying with her parents but has since moved from the household, the birth should be captured in the parent's household where it occurred. Women who gave birth while visiting, the births should be recorded with the household they were visiting. Those who gave birth within a health facility, the birth will be captured in the household where she was staying.

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26.2. Columns H11- H18: Recent deaths in the household

26.3. Column H11: Deaths in the household
Ask, "How many deaths occurred in this household between August, 2018 and August, 2019?" If there were deaths, record the number; if none, record "0" and skip to Section H. All deaths should be captured, whether at infancy or very old ages. Please note the following scenarios;

26.4. Columns H12: Name(s) of the persons who died in the household
Ask the respondent the name(s) of the persons who died. If more than one death, write the names of the persons starting with the most recent death. Record the names in column H-12.

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26.5. Column H12(a): "Relationship of the deceased to the head of household?"
Insert the code for the relationship of each deceased person in the household to the head. The codes are similar to those in column P10. Thus, put code "1" for spouse (refers to partner or wife or husband depending on who the household head is); "2" for son/daughter, "3" for grandchild, "4" for brother/sister, "5" for father/mother, "6" for nephew/niece, ''7" for in-law {father/mother in-law, brother/sister in-law}, "8" for grandparent, "9" for other relative not elsewhere classified, "10" for non-relative (such as visitors, friends, etc.), and "99" for those who say "don't know".

26.6. Column H13: Duration of stay in the household before death
Ask, for how long did [the respondent] continuously live in this household between 24/08/2018 and 24/08/2019 before the death occurred?

To avoid double counting of deaths occurring in households, probe for duration [the respondent] continuously lived in the household in the last 12 months. Record the answer in months and if less than a month, record days in the provided boxes.

26.7. Column H14: Place where death occurred

Ask, "where did the death occur?"
Death can occur either within a health facility or outside a health facility. Record the place where the death occurred as provided by the respondent. Enter 1 if in a health facility; enter 2 if in a non-health facility (e.g. at home, in an ambulance/taxi/tuktuk/ on way to the facility, just outside hospital gate etc.) and enter 9 for don't know.

26.8. Column H15: Death notification (burial permit)
Establish if the death(s) in column H11 were notified and record the response in column H15. Notification is the process whereby a head of household or officer in charge of an institution (e.g. prison) where a death has occurred reports to a government official responsible for registration of births and deaths within 6 months of occurrence. The government officials responsible for registration of deaths that occur at home are assistant chiefs; while deaths that occur in health institutions are registered by personnel in those institutions.

26.9. Column H16: Age
Ask for the age of the deceased persons and record the age in completed years. If the death occurred before the deceased was one-year-old, record answer in completed months. If death occurred before the deceased was one month old, record the completed days. Use two digits in recording age, e.g. "01", "08", "17", etc. For babies/infants less than 1-year-old, record completed months, for example as "01"and "07" for one month and seven months respectively. For a child who dies before one month, record duration in days, for instance, "15" for 15 days. Note that the column on age should not be left blank. Make sure you probe for an estimate of the age and you may ask for any documents such as IDs and burial permits.

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26.10. Column H17: Sex of the deceased
Enter the sex of the deceased in Column H17. These codes are same as those in P11.

26.11. Columns H18(a)-H(b): Cause of death
Questions H18(a)-H(b) will be asked of females who died at age 12-54 years. Prepare the respondent for this question to understand that additional information for females age 12-54 years who died is required and the cause of the death as of the time of death.

Question H18(a), Ask: "Was the death of [the respondent] due to accident, violence, homicide or suicide?"

Select "yes" if cause was due to accident (includes motor vehicle related accidents, snake bites, medical negligence, injuries, poisoning etc.), violence, murder, homicide (act of a human being killing another) or suicide (act of intentionally causing one's own death); Select "no" if not any of the above.

Question H18(b), Ask: "Did the death occur during pregnancy, delivery, or within six weeks (42 days) after delivery?". Read each option, pose to see if "yes", "no" or "don't know" and select response appropriately. If "yes" stop, else ask to the last option.

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27. Section H: Information regarding crop, livestock, fishing and aquaculture
This section will be administered at the household level while seeking information on crops, livestock, fishing and fish-farming (aquaculture). In particular, the section collects information on crop farming, the numbers by type of livestock being reared or managed by the household, fishing activities by members of the household and fish farming or aquaculture through use of fish ponds/cages.

27.1. Key agricultural concepts - agricultural holding:
This is a unit where agricultural activities are practiced under the management of a member of the household. These include:

Annual/temporary crop: a plant that completes its life cycle, from germination to the production of seeds, within a few months up to one year, and then dies. Many do not have woody stems.

Perennial/permanent crop: Long-living crops that grow for more than one year; many have woody stems.

Tillers: A tiller is a stem produced by a plant (mainly grass family) and refers to all shoots that grow after the initial parent shoot grows from a seed. Tillers grow separately from the main shoot and may mature to form own flowers and seeds.

Compact plantation: plants, trees and shrubs planted in the holding in a regular and systematic spacing pattern; usually, area of compact plantation is easy to measure.

Scattered plantation: trees, fruits, etc. planted in the holding with no clear spacing pattern, along fences, etc. usually area not easy to measure.

27.2. Column H19: Engaging in agricultural production

Ask; "during the last 12 months, did any member of the household engage in crop farming, livestock rearing and/or aquaculture within this county?"

The question seeks to establish if the household is a farming household that engaged in agricultural production in the last 12 months. Enter code appropriately depending on the response given. That is "yes", "no", or don't know". Agricultural production refers to a deliberate process of producing food, feed, fiber or other products that are ultimately consumed or sold as raw materials to make other secondary products. These activities include: planting and harvesting of crops; raising or rearing of livestock, as well as rearing of fish in ponds or cages. Note that growing of crops or rearing of livestock or fish for leisure, decoration or domestic pet should not be categorized as farming. Furthermore, caging and feeding of wild animals should not be categorized as farming. However, caging and feeding of fish, which are ultimately "harvested" and consumed or sold, should be treated as agriculture. For livestock, the farmer may be rearing any of the following: cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, horses, donkeys, camels, poultry, bees, silkworms, rabbits, other emerging livestock, etc. It is important to note that farming household is one engaged in agriculture on own account; that is, for direct self or household's gains. Hence, if head of household or any members of a household engaged in farming through employment by another household or establishment, that does not make the particular employed household to be a farming one!

If the response is no to all (crop farming, livestock rearing and aquaculture) or "DK" skip to fishing (Column H25).

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27.3. Column H20: Main purpose of agricultural production
For those who respond yes in Column H19,

Ask, "what was the main purpose of agricultural production?"
The aim of this question is to establish how agricultural households participate in the market economy. These are:

If the production is used mainly for fodder, establish whether the fodder is for own use (subsistence) or for sale (commercial).

In cases where a household sells some produce and uses the rest for own consumption, "main purpose" should be which of the two represents the larger value of the production. Sale refers to exchange of produce for cash or for other goods or services (barter).
Disposal of agricultural produce in other ways such as giving gifts, paying dowry, etc., should not be considered while assessing the main purpose of production.

27.4. Column H21: Area of agricultural holding

Ask, "What is the area of agricultural holding (in acres) operated by this household in this county?" If the area is given in hectares, convert to acres using the conversion;
1 ha = 2.47 acres

An agricultural holding is all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form, or size. That is, land area where crops are grown (even on road side), livestock are kept, and or fish are reared.
It refers to an economic unit of agricultural production under single management. Single management may be exercised by:

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An agricultural holding may be made up of parcels; whereby a parcel is a smaller piece of land within holding with clear separating boundary, such as road, foot path, etc. The parcel may be surrounded by other land belonging to different owner(s), or other natural features. A parcel may also be divided into plots, which are smaller units, or fields dedicated to specific activities or enterprises.

A holding may consist of one or more parcels, located in one or more separate areas or in one or more territorial or administrative divisions, provided the parcels share the same production means, such as labour, farm buildings, machinery or draught animals. Operationally, the focus of this question will be to aggregate the area of all parcels operated by the household within the county during the reference period. The same principle should be applied for non-household establishments, that is, those agricultural establishments managed by corporations, cooperatives or government agencies, etc.

[Page 83 showing a diagram on land parcels is omitted]

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The following additional points relate to the identification of an agricultural holding:

The enumerator is supposed to get the area in acres of the holding estimated up to three (3) decimal points. For respondents with difficulties estimating their sizes of holding, the enumerators should assist them bearing in mind that one football pitch is about 2 acres while most plots in urban centres are either eighth or quarter an acre. For example, an eighth (1/8) of an acre is 0.125 acres.

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27.5. Column H22: Irrigation on agricultural holding
Ask, "during the last 12 months, did any member of the household practice irrigation on the agriculture holding in this county?"

Irrigation is the practice of conveying water from a source through an established hydraulic system to crops for agricultural production. Sources of water include rivers, lakes, reservoirs, boreholes, and wells. The hydraulic system includes canals and/or pipe network and application is through either basin, furrow, sprinkler, and drips systems. Overhead systems such as center pivots, rainguns, etc. all fall under sprinklers.

Note that the human practice of drawing water from water source using watering cans or buckets and pouring the water on crops without any developed infrastructure for channeling the water should not be considered as irrigation.

Indicate a "yes" if any member of the household practices irrigation using the above methods and "no" if none.

[A diagram showing examples of irrigation on page 85 is omitted]

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27.6. Column H23: Permanent crops on the holding
Ask, "does the holding have any of the following permanent crops in this county?"

The question is whether permanent crops are present on the holding during the reference period. Permanent crops include those crops produced from plants that stay in the holding for several years once planted, rather than being planted every season, or replanted after each harvest. For such crops, the trees or bushes take a number of years before the first harvest. Examples of such crops are tea, coffee, avocado, citrus, mango, coconut, macadamia, cashew nut and khat (miraa).

Permanent crops can be grown either in compact plantations, or in form of scattered trees depending on the interest. A compact plantation includes plants, trees and shrubs planted in a regular and systematic manner. However, scattered plants are those planted in such a manner that they are scattered within or around the holding.

For purposes of this census, plantations of trees such as bamboo, eucalyptus, or any other cultivated non-food tree crops will not be considered as permanent crops.

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The enumerator is required to enquire and record appropriately, taking into account that the farmer (holder) knows what they grow in most cases since these are crops mainly grown for commercial purposes. Record "yes, in compact plantation", "yes, in scattered plants", "no", or "don't know".

Column H24: Cultivation of other crops
Ask, "during the last 12 months, did any member of this household cultivate the following crops in this county?"

The question therefore seeks to establish the number of farming households in the country that grow the various crops and by location.

Note that a farmer growing any of these crops under intensive cultivation (involving irrigation, greenhouse, hydroponics), or urban farming; where the value of what is produced contributes significantly to household food/nutrition or income, should be enumerated as farmer irrespective of farm size. However, for other normal farming, if the crop size is less than quarter of an acre, or the crop does not contribute significantly to household food or income, then the qualification of being a farmer does not apply for such crop.

Maize
Maize, or corn, is a tall, cereal crop grown mainly for the maize grains. In some cases, however, maize is grown for livestock feeding as well as snack (baby corn) in the horticulture industry. In Kenya, maize is the most widely grown staple food. Maize varieties differ widely, with traditional varieties having a wide range of grain colors while most hybrid varieties have white to light brown/yellowish color.

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Sorghum
Sorghum is a short-period, tall cereal crop grown mainly for sorghum seed. The seeds can be red, brown, white or other colours. In Kenya, sorghum is a versatile crop that grows widely in the regions with low rainfall and other marginal zones.

Rice
Rice is a grass-like, short-period cereal crop grown mainly for production of rice grains used for human consumption and other uses. In Kenya, most rice are grown as paddy fields in major irrigation schemes. In recent times, a few highland rice varieties that do not rely on irrigated fields have been introduced in some counties.

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Beans
Beans (Dry or field Beans) is a short-period, leafy shrub grown mainly for production of beans seeds, which are consumed as source of protein. In the field, most of the beans grow as short, leafy shrubs, though a few varieties are climbing beans. There are four broad categories of beans in Kenya, namely dry beans, french beans, soya beans and dolicos (lablab) or njahi beans. This question targets only dry beans shown in the photo below.

Potatoes
Potato, also known as Irish Potatoes, is a short, leafy crop with starchy tubers used for human consumption. In Kenya, potato is mainly grown in the cool to cold, high altitude regions. Most common varieties have pink or white skinned tubers.

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Millet (Mawele/Wimbi)
Millet is a short annual crop with several tillers (additional stems from the main stem) with small seeds. Millet belongs to the grass family and is mainly found in warm places. The seed is used as cereal or source of energy but also has other many nutrition values. Kenya grows two main types of millet, namely: (a) finger millet - short (about knee/waist height) grass like plant with several tillers and mature head appearing like open human fingers, grain is brownish, other varieties are black in colour; (b) pearl millet - slightly taller (human height) plant with larger stems and grows several tillers and greyish green in colour.

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Green Grams (Ndengu)
Short, annual crop grown in warm places. A mature plant forms pencil sized pods with edible grains. Most grains are greenish in color but some varieties have brown/yellowish grains.

Tomato (Nyanya)
Short, annual/seasonal crop with several branches. A mature plant produces juicy fruits; immature fruits are greenish, while mature fruits turn cherry red.

Cassava (Muhogo)
Cassava plant is a perennial woody shrub that grows to about 2-3 metres in height. The leaves are palmate (like open hand-shaped) and dark green in colour. A mature crop has long roots that grow into dark-brown, starchy tubers with rough skin. Cassava is generally considered as one of the most drought tolerant crop. The root has a brown fibrous skin and snowy white interior flesh. The leaves of some varieties are used as a vegetable. The crop is mainly grown in warm places in the Coast, Eastern, Western and Nyanza regions.

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Sweet potatoes (Viazi tamu)
Sweet potato is a short, ground covering branching plant with trailing long stems which are usually referred to as vines. The leaves are evergreen, soft, smooth, and shiny. A mature crop has long roots that develop into long and tapered tubers, with a smooth skin and flesh whose colour ranges between cream, yellow, orange, red, brown and purple. The flesh has a starchy, sweet taste. In Kenya, the crop is grown in most parts of the country.

Banana (Ndizi)
A banana plant is a large tropical plant with large, wide, evergreen leaves. The original plant usually produces several tillers, unless pruned. The trunk or stem is soft and watery. A mature crop produces a large sized head with several green fruits that often turn yellowish as the fruit matures. The fruits which are called bananas can be eaten ripe as dessert or cooked depending on the variety.

Cabbages (Kabeji)
Cabbage is a short annual crop with thick leaves that may be pale green, whitish or pink in colour. The leaves tend to be thick. For mature crops, the leaves curl inwards to cover a round head that range from 0.5kg to 4 kilograms. Cabbage is prepared and consumed in many ways. The simplest ways include eating the vegetable raw or steaming or frying it. The vegetable is grown either under irrigation or in cool climates under rain-fed conditions.

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Onions (Kitunguu)
The onion is most frequently a biennial plant, but is usually treated as an annual plant and harvested in its first growing season. The onion plant has hollow, bluish-green leaves that may grow up to one ruler length. For some varieties, the stem of a mature crop turns into a round-oval shaped bulb, usually found underground. Some varieties do not form round bulbs and are harvested as such. Both the leaves, stem and bulbs have strong, pungent smell that may irritate the eyes. In Kenya, four main varieties are grown, namely bulb onions, garlic, chives and leeks.

Groundnuts (Njugu karanga)
The groundnut, also known as the peanut, is an annual crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. The seeds grow in the soil inside special pods. The pods are broken to give the edible seed. The crop is mainly grown in western Kenya, Nyanza, parts of Meru and Taita Taveta. The shelled nuts can either be deep brown or very light brown in colour. Major uses of groundnuts is roasted and eaten as a snack, ground into paste for stews or used for making of peanut butter and for oil extraction.

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Sugarcane (Miwa)
Sugarcane is a tropical, perennial plant of grass family with long sword-shaped leaves. Mature crops produce multiple stems, or cane stalks. The stalks are composed of many segments, and has sugary, sweet liquid that is usually processed to produce sugar. The green leaves may also be used as animal feeds. In Kenya, sugarcane is grown either for factory processing or for chewing. It is important to note that the interest here will be cane grown mainly for factory to produce sugar.

Cotton (Pamba)
Cotton plant is a short perennial shrub grown in warm regions. It is mainly grown for its fruits, known as "bolls". Once ripe, the bolls split to reveal whitish fibre known as cotton. The raw product is known as seed cotton, which is ginned to separate the fibre from the seeds. The fibre is spun to make yarn and woven to make fabric. The seeds provide oil and animal feed cakes.

Enumerators are required to ask if the household or any member of the household is engaged in cultivation of any of the crops. Record appropriately as Yes, if cultivated, No, if not cultivated, or Don't Know if not aware. Note that it is highly discouraged to use the Don't Know option. Also note that the reference period is the last 12 months or crop/agriculture year.

The enumerator is required to enquire and record appropriately, taking into account that the farmer (holder) knows what they grow in most cases since these are crops mainly grown for commercial purposes. Record "yes, in compact plantation", "yes, in scattered plants", "no", or "don't know".

27.7. Column H24: Cultivation of other crops
Ask, "during the last 12 months, did any member of this household cultivate the following crops in this county?"
The question therefore seeks to establish the number of farming households in the country that grow the various crops and by location. Note that a farmer growing any of these crops under intensive cultivation (involving irrigation, greenhouse, hydroponics), or urban farming; where the value of what is produced contributes significantly to household food/nutrition or income, should be enumerated as farmer irrespective of farm size. However, for other normal farming, if the crop size is less than quarter of an acre, or the crop does not contribute significantly to household food or income, then the qualification of being a farmer does not apply for such crop.

Maize
Maize, or corn, is a tall, cereal crop grown mainly for the maize grains. In some cases, however, maize is grown for livestock feeding as well as snack (baby corn) in the horticulture industry. In Kenya, maize is the most widely grown staple food. Maize varieties differ widely, with traditional varieties having a wide range of grain colors while most hybrid varieties have white to light brown/yellowish colour.

27.8. Column H25: Fishing activities
Ask, "Is there any household member who is engaged in fishing activities in this county?"
Fishing comprises hunting, collecting and gathering activities directed at removing or collecting live wild aquatic organisms, (predominantly fish, molluscs and crustaceans). Mollusk are soft-bodied invertebrate such as starfish, or sometimes wholly or partly enclosed in a hard calcium carbonate shell, such snails, etc. Crustaceans are arthropods or insect-like water-living animals as crabs, lobsters, crayfish, shrimp, etc. usually with a hard skin of crust covering the body. In some cases, fishing may be extended to include collection of aquatic plants from the oceanic, coastal or inland waters. Fishing is usually carried out by various means such as use of fishing gear e.g. nets, lines, spearing or stationary traps. One or more members of a household may be involved in the fishing activity for livelihood and as a means of income, especially if they live near water bodies.
Note that:

Enumerator should indicate a "Yes" if any member of the household is involved in fishing, "No" if none is involved and DK if the respondent does not have the information. This may arise if the respondent is new in the household.

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27.9. Column H26: Type and number of livestock
Ask, "how many of each of the following livestock are currently owned/rared/managed by this household in this county?"

The enumerator will be required to enquire about the number of ponds and cages operated by the household as of the census reference day and record accordingly.

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28. Section I: Housing conditions and amenities
Columns H-27 to H-38 have questions pertaining to housing conditions and amenities and are to be asked of the head of the household or any other responsible person.

28.1. Column H27: Dwelling units
- For purposes of this census, a dwelling unit is a place of abode or residence occupied by one or more households (used for sleeping, eating, entertaining guests, etc.) with a private entrance. There can be more than one dwelling unit within a structure (for instance in flats, Swahili structures). A dwelling unit may be a whole structure or part of a structure, especially in urban settings.
- There are situations, especially in rural areas, whereby the kitchen is a stand-alone structure. Such a kitchen must be counted as a dwelling unit in its own right.
- Record the number of dwelling units available to a household in column H27.

28.2. Column H28: Habitable rooms
- As defined earlier, habitable rooms are rooms in the dwelling unit that are used mainly for living and exclude stores, granaries, offices, toilets and garages.
- A kitchen, under normal circumstances, should not be counted as a habitable room. However, if the household uses the kitchen for eating and/or sleeping purposes, or even for purposes of entertaining guests, then it should be counted as a habitable room. The same applies to a store and garage.
- Record the number of habitable rooms available in all the dwelling units that belong to a household in column H28.

28.3. Column H29: Tenure status of main dwelling unit
Column H29 seeks information on status of tenure, i.e. whether the dwelling unit is owner occupied or rented by the household or provided.
Ask the head of the household or any other responsible person whether the main residential/dwelling unit is owned or rented by him/her or any other member of the household. You are supposed to select the answers using the categories provided. The tenure status referred to in this section is about the occupancy status of the dwelling unit itself as opposed to ownership of the land on which it stands or security of tenure for that matter.

[p.102]

Owner occupied: Under owner occupied, the options are:

Rented/provided/donated: Under rented/provided/donated are dwelling units either provided by an employer of a member of the household, rented by a member of the household or donated to a member of the household. This includes:

NB: If a household is housed by an institution, probe further on whether the institution is privately owned, managed by the county or national government, etc. and select code appropriately.

[p.103]

28.4. Column H30: Dominant construction material of roof for main dwelling unit
Enter the main construction materials used to build the roof, e.g. 1=No roof, 2=grass thatch/twigs, 3=makuti thatch, 4=dung/mud, 5=Iron sheets (include the ordinary corrugated iron sheets), 6=tin cans, 7=asbestos sheets, 8=concrete/cement, 9=tiles (include clay, wooden, fibre and cement tiles), 10=canvas/tent, 11=Decra/versatile (include premium roofing made of plain steel/stone coated steel/iron sheets with appearance of tiles), 12=nylon/cartons/cardboard, 13=Shingles. Pictorials of some of these roofing materials are as shown below.
Note: For persons living in apartments, take the roof immediately above each household.

28.5. Column H31: Dominant construction material of walls of main dwelling unit
Code in column H31, the dominant construction materials used to build the wall; 1=No walls, 2=Cane/palm/trunks, 3=Grass/reeds, 4=Mud/cow dung, 5=Stone with mud, 6=Covered adobe, 7=Uncovered adobe, 8=Plywood/Cardboard, 9=Wood Offcuts/Reused wood/ Planks, 10=Iron sheets, 11=Concrete/Concrete blocks/precast wall, 12=Stone with lime/cement, 13=Bricks (Kiln baked), 14=Canvas/Tent, 15=Nylon/cartons, 16=Timber, 17=Prefabricated pannels
Consider the main material that constitutes the structure. In cases where several materials are used, select the most dominant.
NB:

[p.104]

28.6. Columns H32: Dominant construction material of floor of main dwelling unit
Select code in column H32 the construction material used to build the floor
e.g. enter 1=Earth/sand, 2=Dung, 3=Wood planks/ shingles/timber, 4=Palm/ bamboo, 5=Parquet or polished wood, 6=Vinyl or asphalt strips, 7=Ceramic tiles, 8=Concrete/ Cement/Terrazo, 9=Wall to wall Carpet, refers to fitted carpet covering a floor entirely.96=Other

[p.105]

28.7. Column H33: Main source of drinking water
In column H33: Ask, "what is the main source of drinking water for this household?"
You are required to select the main source of drinking water. This is the source from which, for most part of the year, the household draws its drinking water. For example, if during the wet season the household draws their drinking water from a tank but then the longer part of the year draws it from a river, then '4' stream/river is the main source of their drinking water.
The main sources of drinking water listed are:

In cases where households draw drinking water from neighbours, school, church, etc probe on the source of the water.

[p.106]

28.8. Column H34: Main mode of human waste disposal
In column H34: Ask, "Where do members of this household dispose off human waste?" Select the answers according to the categories given, e.g. code "3" for cesspool, "4" for ventilated improved pit latrine (VIP), etc.
The categories of main type of sewage disposal are:

Where households share a toilet facility with neighbours or relatives, ask the type of the shared 'borrowed' facility.

[p.109]

28.9. Column H35: Sharing of human waste disposal facility
Ask, the households who have responded with code 4, 5, 6 or 7 in column H34, VIP pit latrine, Pit latrine covered and Pit latrine uncovered respectively, if the facility is shared with one or more other households and enter code appropriately.

28.10. Column H36: Main mode of solid waste disposal
In Column H36, Ask how the solid waste from the household is collected/disposed off. Indicate who collects the solid waste for the household, for example, it may be collected by the County Government, community association or private companies. For those whose waste is not collected, find out how they dispose it and enter appropriate code. 1=Collected by County Government; 2=Collected by Community Association (CBOs, Youth Groups, Faith Based Organizations); 3=Collected by private company; 4=Dumped in the compound; 5=Dumped in the street/vacant plot/drain/waterways, 6=Dumped in the Latrine, 7=Burnt in open, 8=Buried, 9=Compost pit, this is a pit is a hole dug on the ground where organic materials decompose to form humus (compost) that is used as fertilizer; 10=Burnt in a pit.

[p.110]

28.11. Column H37: Main type of cooking fuel
Ask: "What is the main cooking fuel used in this household?"
In column H37, note that some households may use electricity, paraffin, gas and firewood, all at the same time. The answer required here is the fuel used most of the time. Firewood includes other raw wood products like sawdust, timber, offcuts, etc. Enter the appropriate answer in column H37. 1=Mains Electricity, 2=Paraffin, 3=LPG (gas), 4=Biogas, 5=Firewood and other raw wood products, 6=Charcoal/Charcoal briquettes, 7=Solar.

28.12. Column H38: Main type of lighting
In column H38, select the answer according to the categories given. 1=Mains Electricity, Electricity here means the mains/national transmission grid. Other sources of electricity like generators and batteries (car or charged) should be coded accordingly, 2=Paraffin Pressure Lamp, 3=Paraffin Lantern, 4=Paraffin Tin lamp, Tin lamps include plastic or bottle lamps, which may be known by various local names like koroboi, tamambul, tadoba, nyangile, ekebeya, ngwatira, etc. 5=Gas Lamp, 6=Wood, 7=Solar, 8=Torch/Spotlight-Solar Charged, 9=Torch/Spot light-Dry cells, 10=Candle, 11=Battery(Car/Charged), 12=Generator (Diesel/Petrol), 13=Biogas.

29. Section J: Household assets

29.1. Column H39: Ownership of household assets
The assets should at least be working at the time of census night (census night to be used as reference).

Establish if any member of the household owns any of the following items and select the appropriate code. ICT household assets include: radio, TV with free to air set top box/digital TV, TV with pay TV decoder, internet protocol TV (IPTV), analogue TV with no connection/signal, internet through mobile phone/modem, fixed internet at home (e.g fiber to the home/building, satellite dish, local area network (LAN), wifi) and computer/laptop/tablet.

[p.111]

[p.112]

[p.113]

30. Section K: Emigrants
Column H40 seeks information on any member of the household who may have migrated to another country since 2004. If there is any member of the household who travelled out of the country or crossed Kenyan borders, detailed information will be captured using the short emigrant questionnaire, even if the emigrant has since returned to Kenya.

30.1. Short questionnaire on emigrants
This questionnaire collects information on any member of the household who may have migrated to another country since 2004. An emigrant is a person who has changed his/her country of residence to another country (country of destination/host country) for a period of at least six months, so that the country of destination effectively becomes his/her new country of usual residence.

For instance, an emigrant is that person who has since migrated from Kenya and lives in another foreign country, either permanently or temporarily for whatever reason. A case can happen that an emigrant is found within the Kenyan borders on the census night (24th/25th August). He/she may either be visiting or may have come back to stay. Such a person will still be considered as an emigrant. Thus, as a special case, do enlist both cases in both the main census questionnaire and the emigrant short questionnaire. Other than these special cases, all other Kenyan emigrants must only be enlisted in the emigrant short questionnaire.

30.2. Column E-01(a): Line number of respondent
Enter the line number of the person providing information about the emigrant in Column E-01(a). The line number will be retrieved from the household questionnaire. Enter "0" if the respondent did not spend the census night in this household and hence, not on the roster.

30.3. Column E-02: Name of emigrant
Make a list of all persons who were members of this household and who have emigrated to another country in the last fifteen (15) years, i.e. since 2004. Write the names in Column (E-02). It is important that you give at least two names of each emigrant for proper identification. Ensure that all emigrants are listed including children, but exclude children born to the emigrant(s) while outside Kenya.

30.4. Column E-03: Sex
As you write the names in column E-02, enter the sex of the emigrant in column E-03. This column should not be left blank. The codes are '1' for male, '2' for female and '3' for other.

30.5. Column E-04: Age at the time of departure
Try as much as possible to record the correct age of the emigrant at the time of departure. Under no circumstances should this column be left blank. You must probe to make sure that you get, even a rough estimate.

Ask: How old was [the respondent] at the time of departure?
Enter the person's age at the time of departure in completed years - that is, the person's age at his or her birthday at the time of departure.

[p.115]

30.6. Column E-05: Highest level of education completed at the time of departure
The question on education refers to the highest level of formal education that the emigrant had completed before leaving Kenya.

Ask: What is the highest level of education had [the respondent] completed at the time of departure?
Enter the appropriate code in column E-05 the highest level of formal education the person had completed, i.e. none, primary, secondary, university undergraduate, university post-graduate or other tertiary college before leaving Kenya. If the level of education is unknown, please enter "9" for Don't Know.

30.7. Column E-06: Professional training of the emigrant at the time of departure
This question is applicable to persons aged 15 years and above. It seeks to establish if the emigrant had acquired any professional training prior to emigration.

Note: In some cases, an emigrant may have acquired more than one professional training. In such a case, the enumerator should establish the main training and code appropriately.

Ask: What professional training had [the respondent] acquired before his departure from Kenya? Enter the appropriate code as from the list provided.

30.8. Column E-07: Country of first destination
The question seeks to know the first destination of the emigrant upon departure from Kenya. Enter the code for the country from the list provided.

30.9. Column E-08: Year of departure
The question seeks to establish the year the emigrant departed from Kenya. Remember the focus is on emigrants within the last 15 years, i.e. since 2004. If in 2004 the emigrant had already migrated to the country and did not complete 6 months in that country in the year 2004, the emigrant is not eligible as an emigrant.

[p.116]

30.10. Column E-09: Reason for departure
Ask: What was the main reason for the emigrant departing from the country?
Ask for the main reason and enter appropriate code. The reasons may include:

30.11. Column E-10: Current residence
This question seeks to establish the current country of residence of the emigrant.
Ask: What is the current country of residence of the emigrant?

The country of current residence can be the same as the country of destination or different. Enter the code for the current country of residence in the boxes provided. If the migrant has since returned to Kenya, code "Kenya". If the emigrant is dead, code "Deceased". The country codes are provided in the appendices of this manual and will pop-up/drop down list in CAPI.

30.12. Column E-11: Did [the respondent] remit money to any member of this household while outside Kenya in the last 12 months?

The question seeks to find out whether the emigrant remitted (sent) money to any member of the household in the last 12 months while outside the country. If any member of the household received money from an emigrant, enter code "1", if no household member received money from an emigrant, enter code "2" and if it is not known whether any member of the household received money from emigrant, enter code "9".

[p.117]

30.13. Column E-12: How was the money utilized?
This question seeks to find out how the money received from the emigrant (remittances) was used by the household.

If none in any of the provided options, then select "no". If the respondent doesn't know, select "DK" in the respective category.

31. Other questionnaires
31.1. Introduction
This section explains the questions to be asked using the short questionnaires for:

31.2. Questionnaire on boarding schools and other institutions
These institutions include boarding schools, colleges and hostels, military barracks, police training institutions, NYS, GSU camps, convents, monasteries, etc. These will be enumerated using the main questionnaire but will exclude questions P10, P14, P15 and H-series. The name of the institution and serial number will be written at the top of the questionnaire. Some of the institutional managers may be called upon to help with the enumeration of these "special" population groups (non-conventional households). Such persons shall all be enumerated strictly on the census night.

[p.118]

31.3. Questionnaires on hotels/lodges, hospital in-patients, children's homes, prisons/police cells, etc.

31.4. Questionnaire on street persons/outdoor sleepers/vagrants
This questionnaire will be administered to the outdoor sleepers. This is a set of persons whose place of residence/abode is on the streets. Apart from the EA details, only the sex and the total number of persons in the streets will be collected. This has to be done during the day on the eve of the census night.

31.5. Questionnaire on travellers and persons on transit
This questionnaire will be administered to the persons who will be travelling or in transit on the census night (24th/25th August, 2019). It will be administered on the major bus terminals, airports and ports. All the enumerated persons will be given a special card indicating that they have been enumerated. This has to be done during the census night.

All the three questionnaires will ask information on the following particulars:

[p.119]

31.6. Questions to be administered using small questionnaires
The questionnaire on hotels/lodges, hospital in-patients, prisons/police cells, children's homes, etc. has been designed to collect information on: name, sex, age, home county/country and ethnicity/nationality. You will be required to map out all institutions within your EA prior to the census night (24th/25th August, 2019) to be able to strategize on how to enumerate the persons within the institutions.

31.6.1. Name
Make a list of all persons who spent the census night in the institution. Write the names in the respective columns. It is important that you give at least two names of each person for proper identification. Ensure that all persons are listed including children.

31.6.2. Sex
As you write the names in the respective columns, enter code sex in the column appropriately. You will save yourself trouble by doing this. This column should not be left blank. The codes are '1' for male, '2' for female and '3' for other.

31.6.3. Age
Age is one of the most important pieces of information to be sought. You must try as much as possible to record the correct age of the respondent. Under no circumstances should this column be left blank. You must probe to make sure that you get even a rough estimate.

Ask: How old was [the respondent]?
Enter the person's age in completed years - that is, the person's age at his or her last birthday. For babies under one year of age, enter "00". Be careful not to round ages up to the next birthday. A child who is aged four years and eleven months should, for example be entered as "04" and not "05".

31.6.4. Home county/country
Establish the home county/country of the person, and then enter code as provided.

[p.120]

31.6.5. Ethnicity/nationality
Enter the ethnicity/nationality code as provided.

Part IV: Check to make sure that you have completed the questionnaires accurately and completely

[Pages 121-170 showing an appendix including a calendar of historical events at the regional level, the household listing form, and several enumeration area maps are omitted.]