| Census characteristics |
| |
1971 |
1981 |
1990 |
2001 |
| Title |
X Censo General de Población y Vivienda, |
XI Censo de Población y Vivienda |
XII Censo General de Población y Vivienda |
XIII Censo General de Población y Vivienda |
| Census agency |
Dirección General de Estadística y Censos Nacionales, Ministerio de Fomento |
Oficina Central de Estadística e Informática |
Oficina Central de Estadística e Informática |
Instituto Nacional de Estadística (INE), Unidad Técnica censal (UTC) |
| Population universe |
— |
People who usually reside in the country. |
— |
All those who have established their usual residence in the country, excluding national diplomatic personnel and their families with official business abroad, foreigners, civilians or not, who are temporarily in the country, and persons passing through international ports and airports |
| De jure or de facto |
De jure |
De jure |
De jure |
De jure |
| Enumeration unit |
Dwelling |
Dwelling |
Dwelling |
Persons, households, and dwelling |
| Census day |
February 11, 1971 |
October 21, 1981 |
October 21, 1990 |
October 01, 2001 |
| Field work period |
More than one day. |
October 19 to November 20, 1981. People living in areas with 1000 or more inhabitants were interviewed on October 21 from 6AM to 7PM. Individuals were required to stay home during those hours. People living in communities with less than 1000 inhabitants were interviewed throughout the month. |
— |
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| Enumeration forms |
Three types of enumeration forms: 1) A general (basic) questionnaire; 2) A longer questionnaire for a sample (not clear how the sample was chosen); 3) and an individual questionnaire for individuals: 3.1) living in large collectivities (15 or more people); 3.2) Visitors in family dwellings; 3.3) To complete interviews of household members. |
Single enumeration form that requested information on dwellings, households and individuals. |
A basic and a long enumeration form requesting information on dwellings, households and individuals. |
There are two types of enumeration forms: 1) An enumeration form that requested information on dwellings, households and individuals, 2) An enumeration form for indigenous populations |
| Type of field work |
Face to face interview (direct enumeration) conducted by trained personnel. |
Face to face interview (direct enumeration). |
Face to face interview (direct enumeration) conducted by trained personnel. |
Face to face interview (direct enumeration) conducted by trained personnel. |
| Respondent |
Every member of the family individually. Otherwise, the head of the household, his wife or an adult. Children, neighbors and servants were only to be interviewed in the absence of the above. Guests and boarders should be interviewed directly if possible. |
If possible, every person individually. Otherwise anyone that claims to be able to give information on the dwelling and the family. Children, servants, and neighbors should not provide the information of absent people. In hotels, pensions, hospitals, etc. every member of the dwelling should be interviewed. |
If possible, every person individually (except children). Otherwise the head of the household or the member that can give the most reliable information. |
— |
| Microdata sample characteristics |
| |
1971 |
1981 |
1990 |
2001 |
| Microdata source |
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia (CELADE) |
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia (CELADE) |
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia (CELADE) |
Centro Latinoamericano de Demografia (CELADE) |
| Sample design |
Systematic sample was drawn from the 20% stratified sample developed by the statistical office. |
Systematic sample of every 10th household with a random start, drawn by the Minnesota Population Center. |
Systematic sample was drawn from the 30% stratified sample developed by the statistical office. |
Systematic sample was drawn from a 100% sample. |
| Sample unit |
Household |
Household |
Dwelling |
Dwelling |
| Sample fraction |
10% |
10% |
10% |
10% |
| Sample size (person records) |
1,158,527 |
1,441,266 |
1,803,953 |
2,306,489 |
| Sample weights |
Computed by census agency and should be used for most types of analysis. Weights were inflated to adjust for the lower sample fraction of the IPUMS sample. |
Self-weighting.
Expansion factor = 10. |
Computed by census agency and should be used for most types of analysis. Weights were inflated to adjust for the lower sample fraction of the IPUMS sample. |
Self-weighting. Expansion factor = 10. |
| Unit definitions |
| |
1971 |
1981 |
1990 |
2001 |
| Dwellings |
A dwelling is a place of abode for persons that is structurally separate and independent. There are two possibilities: (a) that it has been constructed, built, converted, or made available for shelter for people, only if it is not being used for entirely different purposes at the time of the census, and is occupied by persons the night before the Census Day in the case of an improvised or mobile shelter. The other possibility is (b) a building that is not meant for human habitation but is being used in that capacity at the time of the census. |
every building or premises that is structurally independent and separate and that has been constructed, built, converted, or made available for permanent or temporary shelter for people. Buildings not constructed for human habitation, but at the time of the Census are found to be inhabited, temporarily or permanently, by persons. Any type of shelter, fixed or mobile (cave, tent, bridge, boat/vessel, trailer, etc.), that is occupied as a place of shelter, temporarily or permanently, the night before the Census Day. |
Building constructed to provide temporary or permanent lodging for people. Also considered as dwellings: any building NOT built specifically for human habitation but is used for that purpose on the Census day. |
A dwelling is a place of residence that is structurally separate (a structural unit by itself), independent (with access from a public route or through a common circulation area), and that has internal spaces exclusive to the dwelling, with walls or dividers that allow it to be differentiated from other buildings. They can be constructed, transformed, or organized for human habitation or commercial, industrial, or service purposes. In any case, they will be the object of the census as long as they are used for human habitation at the time of the census. In the census, one uses the dwelling as a unit of enumeration because in this way it is possible to: determine in an efficient manner the conditions of two or more households in the dwelling, improve the investigation of the living space, and determine the inventory of family living spaces occupied in the country. |
| Private Households |
A dwelling used, or meant to be used, as a separate and independent domicile or place of abode for one or more families or other group of persons, related or not, living together in a family-like system or a person who lives alone. |
A group of people with or without family relationships that share the same dwelling (or live under the same roof) living together within a family lifestyle, sharing the same services and especially sharing principal meals. |
House with yard/garden, house, apartment in building, apartment in house, tenement, ranch, peasant ranch, other. |
A domestic unit, formed by one person or a group of two or more persons, related or not, who live together in the same dwelling, share the same services, and maintain a common food budget. |
| Group Quarters |
A dwelling made up of a building or group of buildings used, or meant to be used, as a place of lodging for a group of people, usually not related, who live together for reasons of health, education, religion, discipline, work and others. Collective dwellings usually have common services for the occupants such as kitchen, toilets, bathrooms, and living rooms and bedrooms. |
A group of persons usually residing in the same dwelling. The members are usually not related but they live together for reasons of health, education, discipline, religion, work, etc. |
Hotel, encampment, student residence, jail-prison, psychiatric care center, hospital-sanatorium-clinic, shelter for disabled, religious institution, boarding school, military institution, school -other type. |
Building or group of buildings meant to be the place of abode for a group of unrelated persons who usually live together for reasons of health, education, religion, discipline, work, or other causes. For the purposes of the census, boarding houses, student residences, and hotels where people live permanently, institutional collective dwellings, prisons, bases, welfare institutions, convents, work residences, hospitals, etc., and other analogous establishments are included in this category. |
