Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
mali
1987
|
mali
1998
|
mali
2009
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 000 | NIU (not in universe) | X | X | X |
| 100 | None | X | X | X |
| 110 | Literacy education | · | X | X |
| 111 | Round 1 | X | · | · |
| 112 | Round 2 or more | X | · | · |
| 120 | Preschool | · | · | · |
| 121 | Year 1 | · | · | X |
| 122 | Year 2 | · | · | X |
| 123 | Year 3 | · | · | X |
| PRIMARY | ||||
| 200 | Fundamental school, first cycle | · | · | · |
| 210 | Fundamental, first cycle | X | · | · |
| 211 | Year 1 | · | X | X |
| 212 | Year 2 | · | X | X |
| 213 | Year 3 | · | X | X |
| 214 | Year 4 | · | X | X |
| 215 | Year 5 | · | X | X |
| 216 | Year 6 | · | X | X |
| 217 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 220 | Medersa, first cycle | · | · | · |
| 221 | Year 1 | · | X | X |
| 222 | Year 2 | · | X | X |
| 223 | Year 3 | · | X | X |
| 224 | Year 4 | · | X | X |
| 225 | Year 5 | · | X | X |
| Code | Label |
mali
1987
|
mali
1998
|
mali
2009
|
| 226 | Year 6 | · | X | X |
| 227 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 300 | Fundamental school, second cycle | X | · | · |
| 310 | Fundamental, second cycle | · | · | · |
| 311 | Year 7 | · | X | X |
| 312 | Year 8 | · | X | X |
| 313 | Year 9 | · | X | X |
| 314 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 320 | Medersa, second cycle | · | · | · |
| 321 | Year 7 | · | X | X |
| 322 | Year 8 | · | X | X |
| 323 | Year 9 | · | X | X |
| 324 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| SECONDARY (upper secondary) | ||||
| 400 | Secondary school, general or technical | X | · | · |
| 410 | Secondary school, general | · | · | · |
| 411 | Year 10 | · | X | X |
| 412 | Year 11 | · | X | X |
| 413 | Year 12 | · | X | X |
| 414 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 420 | Secondary school, technical | · | · | · |
| 421 | Year 10 | · | X | · |
| 422 | Year 11 | · | X | · |
| 423 | Year 12 | · | X | · |
| 424 | Year unknown | · | X | · |
| Code | Label |
mali
1987
|
mali
1998
|
mali
2009
|
| TERTIARY | ||||
| 500 | Vocational school or teachers school | X | · | · |
| 510 | School for teachers | · | · | · |
| 511 | Year 1 | · | X | X |
| 512 | Year 2 | · | X | X |
| 513 | Year 3 | · | X | X |
| 514 | Year 4 | · | X | X |
| 515 | Year 5 | · | X | · |
| 516 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 520 | Vocational school | · | · | · |
| 521 | Year 1 | · | · | X |
| 522 | Year 2 | · | · | X |
| 523 | Year 3 | · | · | X |
| 524 | Year 4 | · | · | X |
| 525 | Year unknown | · | · | X |
| 530 | Vocational school, entry requiring primary school certificate [CEP] | · | · | · |
| 531 | Year 1 | · | X | · |
| 532 | Year 2 | · | X | · |
| 533 | Year 3 | · | X | · |
| 534 | Year 4 | · | X | · |
| 535 | Year unknown | · | X | · |
| 540 | Vocational school, entry requiring fundamental studies diploma [DEF] | · | · | · |
| 541 | Year 1 | · | X | · |
| 542 | Year 2 | · | X | · |
| 543 | Year 3 | · | X | · |
| Code | Label |
mali
1987
|
mali
1998
|
mali
2009
|
| 544 | Year 4 | · | X | · |
| 545 | Year 5 | · | X | · |
| 546 | Year unknown | · | X | · |
| 550 | Vocational school, entry requiring baccalaureate [BAC] or more | · | · | · |
| 551 | Year 1 | · | X | · |
| 552 | Year 2 | · | X | · |
| 553 | Year 3 | · | X | · |
| 554 | Year 4 | · | X | · |
| 555 | Year 5 | · | X | · |
| 556 | Year unknown | · | X | · |
| 600 | Higher education, university | X | · | · |
| 610 | University | · | · | · |
| 611 | Year 1 | · | X | X |
| 612 | Year 2 | · | X | X |
| 613 | Year 3 | · | X | X |
| 614 | Year 4 | · | X | X |
| 615 | Year 5 | · | X | X |
| 616 | Year 6 | · | X | X |
| 617 | Year 7+ | · | X | X |
| 618 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 620 | Post-university | · | · | · |
| 621 | Year 1 or 2 | · | X | X |
| 622 | Year 3 | · | X | X |
| 623 | Year 4 | · | X | X |
| 624 | Year 5 | · | X | X |
| Code | Label |
mali
1987
|
mali
1998
|
mali
2009
|
| 625 | Year 6 | · | · | X |
| 626 | Year 7+ | · | · | X |
| 627 | Year unknown | · | X | X |
| 700 | Other | X | X | X |
| 999 | Unknown | X | X | X |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
EDUCML indicates the person's educational attainment in Mali in terms of the level of schooling completed.
Comparability — General
The variable is comparable across samples in terms of levels, but only the 1998 and 2009 samples specify the grade attended within level.
Mali has a 6-3-3 system. Primary school is intended to begin at age 7 and is divided into the following levels:
2. Second cycle of fundamental school, which comprises three years (7th to 9th) and leads to a Fundamental Studies Diploma (diplôme d'études fondamentales or DEF).
In 1998 and 2009, the variable distinguishes between fundamental school and Medersa. The Medersa is structured similarly to fundamental education, but it provides religious and non-religious instruction, combining education in Arabic and French.
Secondary education comprises three years (10th to 12th), which could be either general or technical, and it leads to a Baccalaureate (baccalauréat or BAC). The variable separately identifies general and technical tracks in 1998, while a single category for secondary was used in 2009 and classified in EDUCML as a general track.
In the 2009 sample, the second cycle for fundamental schools and Medersa includes a 6th year and secondary includes a 9th year. These responses were integrated in the 6th year of the first cycle and the 9th year of the second cycle, respectively.
The tertiary level includes vocational school, teacher's school, university, and post-university education. In 1998, the variable distinguishes vocational school according to the entry requirements, whether these are the Primary School Certificate (CEP), Fundamental Studies Diploma (DEF), or Baccalaureate (BAC). In 2009, responses indicating years 9 to 12 for teacher's school or vocational education are classified as unknown years at that level; for this sample, university and post-university studies are top-coded at 7 years or more.
Koranic schools are included as an education level in the 1998 and 2009 samples. These schools provide religious education based on the Koran. This category is coded under "other". Preschool education is only identified in 2009.
In addition to EDUCML, the 1998 and 2009 samples include a related source variable indicating the highest diploma obtained.
A harmonized international classification of educational attainment is available in EDATTAIN, which imposes a number of compromises to regularize the data across countries. Conversely, EDUCML retains the full detail on educational attainment for the Mali samples.
The number of years of schooling completed is available separately in YRSCHOOL.
Universe
- Mali 1987: Persons age 6+
- Mali 1998: Persons age 6+
- Mali 2009: Persons age 3+
Availability
- Mali: 1987, 1998, 2009
Questionnaire Text
| Mali 1987 |
| Mali 1998 |
| Mali 2009 |
For individuals 6 years of age and older.
[Questions 14-22]
15. Last school grade attended
1.2.2 QUESTIONS FOR PEOPLE AGED 6 AND OLDER
This is the second group of questions related to the characteristics of the household members. It relates only to persons aged 6 and older. Put a dash or a hyphen (-) for persons of less than 6 years in questions 14 to 25.
15. Last grade attended
In this case write the last grade attended (or successfully completed) of people who are currently in school, or who have already been to school. The schools in questions are: French schools, Franco-Arab schools, Koranic schools and schools for functional literacy
Ask household members the following question about the last grade attended: "What was the last grade that you attended?" For those who are literate in one of the national languages this will be the name of a training campaign.
Write the answer in column 15 according to their response. Write:
b. For students and all people who have been to school, write the last grade.
Example 1: If a student is in 6th grade of basic schooling, the last class attended will be 6th A F
Example 2: If an individual left school in the 8th year of basic schooling, the last grade he attended
[The rest of text is cut off at bottom of page]
[Page 31]
Example 3: A civil servant has his 4th year diploma from an institution of higher learning (FNA, ENI, ENSup, I.P.R. etc.). His last grade or level would the one in which he obtained his diploma, or 4th A. Sup.
The table below shows the way to fill in the responses:
[Table not reported here]
The last grade attended is indicated in the last column. Pay special attention to cases where the names of the years have changed (basic school).
1st and 2nd cycle uses a double name (general secondary and technical education).
Section B: Individual Characteristics
For persons aged 6 years and above
[Questions 16-26]
Education
16. Level of education
[] 01 Fundamental, first cycle
[] 02 Fundamental, second cycle
[] 03 Medersa, first cycle
[] 04 Medersa, second cycle
[] 05 Secondary school, general
[] 06 Secondary school, technical
[] 07 School for teachers
[] 08 Vocational school, grade 5 (CEPE)
[] 09 Vocational school, grade 9 (DEF)
[] 10 Vocational school, grade 12+ (BAC)
[] 11 University
[] 13 Post-university [code 12 is absent from the original form]
[] 14 Koranic school
[] 15 Center for adult literacy
17. Last school grade completed
1.2.1. Questions for ALL Household Members
1.2.2. Questions for persons aged 6 years and above
This is the second group of questions, concerning the characteristics of household members. They concern only the persons aged 6 years and above.
For persons aged less than 6 years (children), write (0) or (00) depending on column width in Columns P16 to P30.
Column P16-P18: Level of education
This group of questions provides together an idea on the level of education of the population.
16. Column P16 -- the level of education attained
17. Column P17 -- highest grade completed
18. Column P18 -- highest diploma obtained
The question to be asked to the household members aged 6 years and above will be: "Has name ever been to school?"
If no, then write (00) in Columns P16, P17 and P18.
If yes, then write:
In Column P17 the last grade attended in this level of education
In Column P18 the highest diploma obtained, while using the instructions at the bottom of the questionnaire.
[Questions P18-P23 were asked for persons age 3+.]
P19) Level
What is [Name]?s education level?
[] 00 Not applicable (less than 3 years)
[] 01 None
[] 02 Instruction in the Koran (not trained)
[] 03 Literate (not trained)
[] 04 Preschool
[] 05 Fundamental 1st cycle
[] 06 Fundamental 2nd cycle
[] 07 Madras 1st cycle
[] 08 Madras 2nd cycle
[] 09 Secondary
[] 10 Technical and Professional
[] 11 Teaching school
[] 12 University
[] 13 Post University
What is the highest class in this level of school [Name] has attended?
The agent ask the following question: "What is [Name] educational level?." Enter the appropriate code (available at the bottom of the page of the questionnaire). If the person is not applicable (less than three years), enter the code "00" and if the person does not attend school, enter the code "01."
01 = None (uneducated)
02 = Education of the Koran
03 = literate
04 = Preschool
05 = Fundamental 1st cycle
06 = Fundamental 2nd cycle
07 = 1st cycle Medersa
08 = 2nd cycle Medersa
09 = Secondary
10 = Technical and Vocational
11 = Teacher training
12 = University
13 = Post University
The enumerator asks the question: "What is the last class that [Name] took at this level of education?" This is the last class or year successfully completed by [NAME] at the level of education.
[Omitted example]
Instruction: For those not relevant (less than 3 years old), people without any education, for those who attended school on the Koran or a literacy program, the agent records code "00."