Comparability — Brazil [top]

The 2010 sample is bottom-coded at 1920.

Comparability — Canada [top]

The 1991 data are restricted to permanent residents born abroad who are not from the Atlantic Provinces and the territories. The 2001 and 2011 census questions also refer to foreign-born persons who have permanent residence (landed immigrant). The 1971 and 1981 samples do not include specific instructions on this regard.

The 1971-2011 census questions request the year corresponding to the first time the person immigrated to Canada (not the most recent if the person immigrated more than once).

Some responses for 1971-2011 were coded into intervals, and they are recoded to the midpoints in this variable. The 1971, 1981, 1991, and 2001 samples are bottom-coded at 1945, while the 2011 sample is bottom-coded at 1971. See the unharmonized source variables for the original categories.

Comparability — Chile [top]

The 1992 sample is bottom-coded at 1901; the 2002 sample at 1926; and the 2017 sample at 1950.

Comparability — Colombia [top]

The 2005 sample is bottom-coded at 1950.

Comparability — Costa Rica [top]

The 2010 sample is bottom-coded at 1960.

Comparability — Dominican Republic [top]

The 1981 census was both de jure and de facto. The 2002 and 2010 censuses were de jure. In 1981, the question was asked only of habitually resident foreign-born persons. Therefore, this variable is comparable across all samples.

The 1981 sample is bottom-coded at 1949; the 2002 sample at 1992; and the 2010 sample at 1954.

Comparability — Ecuador [top]

The 2001 and 2010 samples are bottom-coded at 1949 and 1950, respectively.

Comparability — El Salvador [top]

The 1992 and 2007 samples are bottom-coded at 1960 and 1969, respectively.

Comparability — Greece [top]

The 2001 is bottom-coded at 1949 or earlier, while in 2011 there is a bottom-code at 1931 or earlier.

Comparability — Guatemala [top]

The 2002 sample is bottom-coded at 1970.

Comparability — Honduras [top]

The 1974 sample has the largest span of years, while later samples are less detailed. The 1974 sample is bottom-coded at 1930 or earlier, the 1988 sample is bottom-coded at 1970 or earlier, the 2001 sample is bottom-coded at 1978 or earlier, and the 2013 sample is bottom-coded at 1977 or earlier.

Comparability — Italy [top]

The 2001 and 2011 samples are bottom-coded at 1904 and 1928, respectively.

Comparability — Jamaica [top]

The universe for Jamaica 1982 and 2001 is foreign-born persons; in 1991 it is foreign-born persons in private households or selected collective households (including religious, educational, military, and other institutions).

Some responses for Jamaica 1982 were coded into intervals, and they are recoded to the mid-points in this variable. The bottom-code is 1959 in 1982, 1930 in 1991, and 1981 in 2001. The top-code is 1981 in 1982.

Comparability — Jordan [top]

The data are calculated from the person's number of years in the country. The Census was taken on October 2, 2004, so the variable does not map precisely to the calendar year of arrival. Approximately 25% of the cases should be classified in the earlier year.

Comparability — Nicaragua [top]

The 1971 data are classified into 5-year intervals from 1950-1964, and recoded to their midpoints. This sample also is bottom-coded at 1949, and top-coded at 1970 (representing those arriving in 1970-71).

The 1995 and 2005 samples are bottom-coded at 1970 and 1979, respectively.

Comparability — Paraguay [top]

The 1982 and 2002 samples are bottom-coded at 1925 and 1950, respectively. Tourists who are included in the 2002 census universe were coded as "NIU (not in universe)".

Comparability — Saint Lucia [top]

All but the most recent immigrants have their data reported in intervals, coded to the mid-points. The original intervals are preserved in the unharmonized data.

Comparability — Spain [top]

The 2011 source data report year of most recent arrival to Spain. The 2011 sample is bottom-coded at 1905.

Comparability — Switzerland [top]

The 2011 question refers to the last time the respondent returned to Switzerland. The 2011 data are bottom-coded at 1944.

Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]

The 2011 sample is bottom-coded at 1949.

Comparability — United States [top]

The 2000 U.S. data were coded into intervals for persons who entered between 1930 and 1934 and before 1920. The data are recoded to the mid-points of those intervals. The bottom-code is 1910 in 2000.

Comparability — Uruguay [top]

The 1996 sample is bottom-coded at 1921. The 2011 sample is bottom-coded at 1945.

Comparability — Venezuela [top]

The data are calculated from the person's number of years in the country. The census was taken on October 21, so there is not an exact mapping of years in the country to calendar year of arrival. For each value of YRIMM about 20% of the cases should be classified in the next earlier year.