Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
Code | Label |
boliv
1976
|
boliv
2001
|
boliv
2012
|
---|---|---|---|---|
01 | Spanish | X | X | X |
02 | Aymara | X | X | X |
03 | Quechua | X | X | X |
04 | Guarani | · | X | X |
05 | Spanish, Aymara | X | X | X |
06 | Spanish, Quechua | X | X | X |
07 | Aymara, Quechua | X | X | X |
08 | Spanish, Aymara, Quechua | X | X | X |
09 | Spanish and other/multiple indigenous language | X | X | X |
10 | Other/multiple indigenous language | X | X | X |
12 | Does not speak or speaks only foreign language | X | X | X |
99 | Unknown | · | X | X |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Langbo : public Editor {
public:
Langbo(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::bo2012a: {
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 6) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0420() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0420() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0421() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0423() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 97)))
a = 1;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 2 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 2) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0420() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0420() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0421() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0423() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 97)))
a = 2;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 27 || BO2012A_0421() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 27 || BO2012A_0423() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 27) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 27 || BO2012A_0420() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0420() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 27 || BO2012A_0421() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0421() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 27 || BO2012A_0422() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 27 || BO2012A_0423() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 27 || BO2012A_0424() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 97)))
a = 3;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 12 || BO2012A_0421() == 12 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 12 || BO2012A_0423() == 12 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 12) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 12 || BO2012A_0420() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0420() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 12 || BO2012A_0421() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0421() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 12 || BO2012A_0422() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 12 || BO2012A_0423() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 97)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 12 || BO2012A_0424() == 98 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 99 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 97)))
a = 4;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 2 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 2) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 6) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0420() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0423() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 99)))
a = 5;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 27 || BO2012A_0421() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 27 || BO2012A_0423() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 27) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 6) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 27 || BO2012A_0420() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 27 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 27 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 27 || BO2012A_0423() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 27 || BO2012A_0424() == 6 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 99)))
a = 6;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 2 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 2) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 27 || BO2012A_0421() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 27 || BO2012A_0423() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 27) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0420() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0423() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 99)))
a = 7;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 2 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 2) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 6) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 27 || BO2012A_0421() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0422() == 27 || BO2012A_0423() == 27 ||
BO2012A_0424() == 27) &&
(BO2012A_0420() == 2 || BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0420() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0421() == 2 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0422() == 2 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0423() == 2 || BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0423() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() <= 99)) &&
(BO2012A_0424() == 2 || BO2012A_0424() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 27 ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() <= 99)))
a = 8;
if ((BO2012A_0420() == 6 || BO2012A_0421() == 6 || BO2012A_0422() == 6 ||
BO2012A_0423() == 6 || BO2012A_0424() == 6) &&
((BO2012A_0420() <= 39 && BO2012A_0420() != 6 &&
BO2012A_0420() != 2 && BO2012A_0420() != 27) ||
(BO2012A_0421() <= 39 && BO2012A_0421() != 6 &&
BO2012A_0421() != 2 && BO2012A_0421() != 27) ||
(BO2012A_0422() <= 39 && BO2012A_0422() != 6 &&
BO2012A_0422() != 2 && BO2012A_0422() != 27) ||
(BO2012A_0423() <= 39 && BO2012A_0423() != 6 &&
BO2012A_0423() != 2 && BO2012A_0423() != 27) ||
(BO2012A_0424() <= 39 && BO2012A_0424() != 6 &&
BO2012A_0424() != 2 && BO2012A_0424() != 27)))
a = 9;
if (((BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0420() < 98) ||
(BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() < 98) ||
(BO2012A_0422() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() < 98) ||
(BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0423() < 98) ||
(BO2012A_0424() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() < 98)) &&
(BO2012A_0420() > 39 && BO2012A_0421() > 39 && BO2012A_0422() > 39 &&
BO2012A_0423() > 39 && BO2012A_0424() > 39))
a = 12;
if (BO2012A_0420() == 98 && BO2012A_0421() == 98 &&
BO2012A_0422() == 98 && BO2012A_0423() == 98 && BO2012A_0424() == 98)
a = 99;
} break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
LANGBO indicates the language or languages spoken by the respondent in Bolivia.
Comparability — General
The censuses asked the question of all persons, but they include a category for persons who do not yet speak. The 2001 and 2012 samples are more detailed, including many combinations of multiple languages.
In 1976, the enumeration instructions indicate that persons who speak only a foreign language should be included with those who do not yet speak. Thus, for higher comparability, the ability to speak a foreign language was not used to classify responses in 2001 and 2012. However, this information is available in the corresponding source unharmonized variables. Persons who speak only a foreign language are coded to "does not speak or speaks only foreign language".
Universe
- All persons
Availability
- Bolivia: 1976, 2001, 2012
Questionnaire Text
Bolivia 1976 |
Bolivia 2001 |
Bolivia 2012 |
For all individuals regardless of age (including newborn infants)
[Questions 1-8 were asked of all persons.]
8. What Bolivian languages are you able to speak?
[] 1 Spanish
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Quechua
[] 4 Other
[] 5 Spanish-Aymara
[] 6 Spanish-Quechua
[] 7 Spanish with other
[] 8 Aymara-Quechua
[] 9 Spanish-Aymara-Quechua
Question 8. What Bolivian languages do you know how to speak?
Read the different alternatives in order and mark only one of the boxes.
If they do not speak any or only speak foreign languages, mark the box "0" (does not speak any or none)
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
Chapter D. For all individuals (Request the presence of those people who slept in this dwelling, including [explicitly both male and female] children.)
[Questions 27-34 were asked of all persons.]
32. What languages and dialects are you able to speak?
[] 2 Aymara
[] 3 Spanish
[] 4 Guaraní
[] 5 Foreign language
[] 6 Doesn't speak
[] 7 Other indigenous Bolivian language
Chapter D. For all persons
From this question [question 27] onwards, each person who spent the night prior to the census day in this dwelling should be interviewed individually. The presence of all persons, including children, should be requested.
If the person is younger than 7 years of age or if he cannot make himself understood, his presence should be requested but the information should be provided by the father, mother, or another adult. This person should be present for the duration of the interview.
Question 32. What languages do you speak? (if this applies, more than one alternative is filled in)
There are only two questions with multiple option answers: 20 and 32. They are marked by a double line in the box and the options have rectangles.
[p. 61]
For example:
Juan speaks Spanish and an indigenous language: Chiquitano.
The form is filled out in this way:
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with the rectangles corresponding to 3 (Spanish) and "Other indigenous" filled in with the word "Chiquitano" written in the boxes provided.]
30. What is the first language you learned to speak as a child?
[] 2 Does not speak [Go to question 32]
31. What language do you speak?
1 ____
2 ____
3 ____
4 ____
5 ____
F1. For all people
31. Languages spoken
On the census form, the question about languages spoken is an open-ended question and may have more than one answer. We recommend waiting for the person to state their answer or answers. If there are two or more languages spoken, write the answers in order of importance.
30. What is the first language you learned to speak as a child?
[] 2 Does not speak [Go to question 32]
31. What language do you speak?
1 ____
2 ____
3 ____
4 ____
5 ____
F1. For all people
31. Languages spoken
On the census form, the question about languages spoken is an open-ended question and may have more than one answer. We recommend waiting for the person to state their answer or answers. If there are two or more languages spoken, write the answers in order of importance.
30. What is the first language you learned to speak as a child?
[] 2 Does not speak [Go to question 32]
31. What language do you speak?
1 ____
2 ____
3 ____
4 ____
5 ____
F1. For all people
31. Languages spoken
On the census form, the question about languages spoken is an open-ended question and may have more than one answer. We recommend waiting for the person to state their answer or answers. If there are two or more languages spoken, write the answers in order of importance.
30. What is the first language you learned to speak as a child?
[] 2 Does not speak [Go to question 32]
31. What language do you speak?
1 ____
2 ____
3 ____
4 ____
5 ____
F1. For all people
31. Languages spoken
On the census form, the question about languages spoken is an open-ended question and may have more than one answer. We recommend waiting for the person to state their answer or answers. If there are two or more languages spoken, write the answers in order of importance.
30. What is the first language you learned to speak as a child?
[] 2 Does not speak [Go to question 32]
31. What language do you speak?
1 ____
2 ____
3 ____
4 ____
5 ____
F1. For all people
31. Languages spoken
On the census form, the question about languages spoken is an open-ended question and may have more than one answer. We recommend waiting for the person to state their answer or answers. If there are two or more languages spoken, write the answers in order of importance.