Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
Code | Label |
safrica
1996
|
safrica
2001
|
safrica
2011
|
safrica
2016
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
01 | Afrikaans | X | X | X | X |
02 | English | X | X | X | X |
03 | IsiNdebele | X | X | X | X |
04 | IsiXhosa | X | X | X | X |
05 | IsiZulu | X | X | X | X |
06 | Sepedi | X | X | X | X |
07 | Sesotho | X | X | X | X |
08 | Setswana | X | X | X | X |
09 | Siswati | X | X | X | X |
10 | Tshivenda | X | X | X | X |
11 | Xitsonga | X | X | X | X |
12 | Khoi, Nama and San language | · | · | · | X |
13 | Dutch | X | · | · | · |
14 | German | X | · | · | · |
15 | Greek | X | · | · | · |
16 | Italian | X | · | · | · |
17 | Portuguese | X | · | · | · |
18 | French | X | · | · | · |
19 | Tamil | X | · | · | · |
20 | Hindi | X | · | · | · |
21 | Telugu | X | · | · | · |
22 | Gujarati | X | · | · | · |
23 | Urdu | X | · | · | · |
24 | Chinese | X | · | · | · |
25 | Swahili | X | · | · | · |
Code | Label |
safrica
1996
|
safrica
2001
|
safrica
2011
|
safrica
2016
|
26 | Shona | X | · | · | · |
27 | Arabic | X | · | · | · |
28 | Sign language | · | · | X | X |
29 | Other | X | X | X | X |
98 | Unknown | X | · | · | X |
99 | NIU (not in universe) | · | · | X | X |
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
LANGZA1 indicates the language the person spoke in the home.
Comparability — General
The 1996 sample has much more detail among non-African languages than the more recent samples. These are included among "other" in 2001, 2011, and 2016. The 2011 and 2016 samples also identify sign language.
Users should also be aware that universes change over time.
If a person spoke more than one language in the home in 1996 or 2011, the second language is recorded in LANGZA2.
Universe
- South Africa 1996: All persons
- South Africa 2001: All persons
- South Africa 2011: Persons in private households
- South Africa 2016: Persons age 1+
Availability
- South Africa: 1996, 2001, 2011, 2016
Questionnaire Text
South Africa 1996 |
South Africa 2001 |
South Africa 2011 |
South Africa 2016 |
To be completed for each person in the household in a separate column. Remember to include babies. Please include yourself.
6.1. ____ Which language does (the person) speak most often at home? Write the language in the space provided.
Section A: Information for persons in the household -- ask of everyone
[Section A of this form, each question has 10 answer rows for writing individual answers for up to 10 individuals in the household. Only the first is shown here, which is exactly the same as the other nine.]
P-07. Language
01 = Afrikaans
02 = English
03 = IsiNdebele
04 = IsiXhosa
05 = IsiZulu
06 = Sepedi
07 = Sesotho
08 = Setswana
09 = SiSwati
10 = Tshivenda
11 = Xitsonga
12 = Other (specify) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Question P-07 -- Language
"Which language does (the person) speak most often in this household?"
Give only one answer per person.
For babies, give the language of their parents. If the languages of the parents differ, give the mother's language, or the language of the person who takes care of the baby most.
Only the eleven official languages of South Africa are listed. There are many other languages spoken in South Africa. If the language is not in the pre-coded list, write code "12" in the box and the name of the language on the dotted line. Remember not to write near the boxes.
Note that this question is not asking mother tongue. It is asking the language most used by each person in the household. This may differ from the mother tongue, and from the language most used at work. For visitors you may ask them the language they speak most often in their usual household.
National Bureau: You must write only one code per person. If the respondent has difficulty choosing, ask them to choose the one that they are more comfortable with.
Which two languages does [the person] speak most often in this household?
Write the appropriate code in the box.
If no other language, write 00 in the second box.
Second _ _
02. English
03. IsiNdebele
04. IsiXhosa
05. IsiZulu
06. Sepedi
07. Sesotho
08. Setswana
09. SiSwati
10. Tshivenda
11. Xitsonga
12. Other
Purpose: The information is collected to establish the total population of the country, their gender, age and other characteristics.
A person who is not married should not answer the question on who their spouse/partner is, e.g. ?If 3-6 on Marital status (P-03), then Go to Population group (P-05)?.
[3.7] Household members
[3.7.1] Demographics
[3.7.1.9] Which language does the respondent speak most often in this household?
[] 2 English
[] 3 Isindebele
[] 4 Isixhosa
[] 5 Isizulu
[] 6 Sepedi
[] 7 Sesotho
[] 8 Setswana
[] 9 Sign language
[] 10 Siswati
[] 11 Tshivenda
[] 12 Xitsonga
[] 13 Khoi, Nama and San languages
[] 14 Other