Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
greece
1971
|
greece
1981
|
greece
1991
|
greece
2001
|
greece
2011
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00 | NIU (not in universe) | X | X | X | X | X |
| 10 | None | · | X | X | X | X |
| 11 | Pre-school | · | · | · | · | X |
| 20 | Primary | · | · | · | · | · |
| 21 | Some primary | X | X | X | X | X |
| 22 | Primary certificate | X | X | X | X | X |
| 30 | Lower secondary | · | · | · | · | · |
| 31 | Some lower secondary | · | · | X | · | · |
| 32 | Lower secondary certificate | X | X | X | X | X |
| 40 | Upper Secondary | · | · | · | · | · |
| 41 | Secondary certificate | X | X | X | X | X |
| 42 | Technical school certificate | · | · | X | X | X |
| 50 | Post-secondary | · | · | · | · | · |
| 51 | Some post-secondary education | X | X | X | X | X |
| 52 | Technical college certificate | · | · | X | X | X |
| 53 | Technical education college degree | · | · | X | X | X |
| 54 | Higher education degree | X | X | X | X | X |
| 55 | Master's degree | · | · | X | X | X |
| 56 | Doctorate degree | · | · | · | X | X |
| 99 | Unknown | X | · | X | · | · |
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
EDUCGR indicates the person's educational attainment in Greece in terms of the level of schooling completed.
Comparability — General
Since 1976, compulsory education is composed of primary school (6 grades) and lower secondary education (3 grades). Since 2006, pre-school is mandatory for children aged 5 years and is identified as a separate category in the 2011 sample. Upper secondary school (3 years) is offered by academic and technical institutions.
The classification of post-secondary education differs greatly across samples. Users should note the specific categories identified in each year. All post-secondary degrees are combined into one category in 1971. The 1981 sample differentiates only between university and other post-secondary degrees. The 1991, 2001, and 2011 samples have considerably more detail among higher degrees, but they are not fully consistent either.
In all censuses the educational attainment question was asked in such a way that is impossible to completely disentangle incomplete primary education from literacy status. Persons who never attended school are not consistently identified.
The universe changes from age 10 and older for 1971-1991 to age 5+ in 2001, and to age 6+ in 2011.
Universe
- Greece 1971: Persons age 10+
- Greece 1981: Persons age 10+
- Greece 1991: Persons age 10+
- Greece 2001: Persons age 5+
- Greece 2011: Persons age 6+
Availability
- Greece: 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011
Questionnaire Text
| Greece 1971 |
| Greece 1981 |
| Greece 1991 |
| Greece 2001 |
| Greece 2011 |
The following questions 13-24 should only be completed for persons born in 1960 or earlier.
23. Level of education
[] 1 Degree from university or other school of higher education
[] 2 Now attending university or other school of higher education
[] 3 Secondary education certificate
[] 4 Lower secondary school certificate
[] 5 Primary school certificate
[] 6 Dropped out of primary school
Question 22, Knows how to read and write [omitted]
Question 23, Level of education
188. The highest degree is to be recorded [examples omitted].
[p. 52]
Question 24, Higher degree of education [omitted]
[Rest of the document was not translated into English]
The following questions should be answered only by persons born in 1970 or earlier.
10. Level of education: Mark an X next to the answer that corresponds to the highest degree attained by the respondent. In addition, in cases 1 or 2, for higher education degrees from a university or other school of higher education, specify: a) the educational institution and b) the department they graduated from.
___ _ _ _ (Department)
[] 2 Higher education other, non-university school degree
___ _ _ _ (Department)
[] 3 Now attending university or other school of higher education
[] 4 Secondary education certificate (6-grade gymnasium)
[] 5 Lower secondary school certificate
[] 6 Primary school certificate
[] 7 Dropped out of primary school but knows how to read and write
[] 8 Does not know how to read and write
The following questions should only be completed for persons born in 1980 or earlier.
12. Level of education
-Provide only one answer, which corresponds to the highest level of study completed by the respondent.
-Answer 1 refers to those who have attained a Ph.D. or a Master's degree.
(3)
[] 2 Higher education (University) degree
[] 3 Technical education college degree
[] 4 Higher education school degree
[] 5 Now attending University, Technical college, or Higher education school
[] 6 Secondary education certificate (secondary school or 6-grade gymnasium or comprehensive school)
[] 7 Technical school certificate
[] 8 Technical college certificate
[] 9 Lower secondary school certificate
[] 10 Left lower secondary school without certificate
[] 11 Primary school certificate
[] 12 Left primary school without certificate, knows how to read and write
[] 13 Left primary school without certificate, does not know how to read and write
[] 14 Did not attend primary school and does not know how to read and write
14. Education
(Mark the highest level of study completed by the respondent.)
[] 2 Master's
[] 3 Higher education degree
[] 4 Technical education college or religious education degree
[] 5 Post secondary education degree
[] 6 Secondary education certificate (secondary school or 6-grade gymnasium or comprehensive school)
[] 7 Technical school certificate
[] 8 Technical college certificate
[] 9 Lower secondary school certificate
[] 10 Primary school certificate
[] 11 Now attending primary school
[] 12 Left primary school without certificate, but knows how to read and write
[] 13 Does not know how to read and write
Question 14: Only one answer, corresponding to the highest level of studies completed by the respondent. Post-secondary education comprises schools not belonging to Higher Education (Universities) for which secondary education certificate is required (e.g. Vocational Training Institutes / Centers, Colleges etc.). Not to be answered by children born later than 1-1-1995.
State the highest level of studies completed by the respondent.
[] 1 PhD
[] 2 Master's degree
[] 3 Higher education degree
[] 4 Degree of Technical Education colleges
[] 5 Certificate of high technical schools
[] 6 Post-secondary education degree
[] 7 Secondary education certificate
[] 8 Technical school certificate
[] 9 Technical college certificate
[] 10 Lower secondary school certificate
[] 11 Primary school certificate
[] 12 Left primary school, but can read and write
[] 13 Completed pre-primary education
[] 14 Illiterate
Post-secondary education are considered schools that do not belong to higher education and entry into the requiring high school diploma [e.g. IEK Free Study Centers, Colleges, etc.].