Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
MTONGPH indicates the language or dialect spoken by the person in earliest childhood.
Comparability — General
The variable is basically comparable across samples, but different languages are specified. We have not tried to integrate these codes across samples, but simply replicate the original category labels in alphabetical order. Users will have to determine themselves where languages missing in one sample would have been classified in the other.
This question was labeled "ethnicity" in the 1995 census, but the instructions emphasized language in childhood. The 2000 sample has an "ethnicity" question with less emphasis on language, and we consider it a separate variable, ETHNICPH. For many purposes ETHNICPH and MTONGPH are probably comparable.
According to the questionnaire, only citizens were to be asked the language/ethnicity question in 1995. Non-citizens cannot be identified, but they are likely included among the "unknown" responses.
Universe
- All persons
Availability
- Philippines: 1990, 1995
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