Question 17
Enterprises and establishments by industrial sectors
This question should be answered by the person who answered "Yes" to question number 15. This question should be asked for the person, about the type of economic activities of enterprises based on their main output and services. This question should be asked as following:
What kind of economic activity does your enterprise engage with?
What kind of main output and services does your enterprise produce?
All employed persons should be asked three questions about their employment. These should cover occupation, industry or sector of employment and employment status.
The following should be taken into account to check the truth of information about main activity of the establishment or enterprise which they work for: Namely,
1. The main activity of the enterprise or establishment needs to be clarified by very detailed information. For instance, if the enterprise is engaged with the trade, what kind of goods and products they trade, is it wholesale or retail trade, should be asked. If it is a service establishment, what kind of services they do?
2. Whether or not the establishment is independent at the management and financial level should be noted. If the establishment or enterprise has many branches inside of it but has an integrated management and finances, the branches and units should be included in the main activity.
For instance, the carpet company "Ulaanbaatar" has an employee cafeteria, hospital and shop which sell their own products. Those units do not report to each other and have independent accounting.
One part of its ownership could be rented for a shop. In this case, the main activity of a doctor who works at the hospital, cook who works at the employee cafeteria, would be a "carpet production". If a salesperson works at a rental supermarket, the main activity of the establishment or enterprise would be a retail trade of main food stuffs because the retail shops/supermarket has management and financial independence.
For example, the "Erel" company has four branches /daughter companies/ namely, "Erel industry", "Erel bank", Construction and Mining company.
[p. 25 diagram not presented here.]
[p. 26]
In this case, the main activity of the officer who works at the bank of "Erel" company, would be "banking". The main activity of the people who works at the mining would be "quarrying."
If the establishment or enterprise is engaged with more than one economic activity such as a bar, shop, Berber, coiffeur, or billiard, the main activity would be defined by the branch that hires the most employees.
[p. 26 diagram not presented here.]
3. The main activity of private enterprise needs to be defined with details. Namely,
a) retail trade of food stuffs
b) public transportation
c) transportation
d) textile
e) livestock sector
f) agricultural sector
[p. 27]
4. The main activity of paid employment needs to be clarified with details.
a) housekeeping
b) baby nursing
c) livestock
d) agriculture
e) public transportation
5. The main activity of people who work at an educational institution should be detailed according to the following:
a) institution of primary education
b) institution of secondary education
c) institution of higher education
d) institution of other educational activities
6. The main activity of hospital service.
7. The main activity of the legislative, executive institution and its local branches.
8. The main activity of person who works at foreign services, defense, social order, national security organization should be defined as state service.
Guideline to fill Questions number 15-19 of the Questionnaire
The enumerator should fill out the questions related to the employment and main activity of enterprise, with many details (not general) and make it easy to understand for coding people. In the employment section, if the person is a teacher, it should be clarified by asking what does he or she teaches? There is an example to make it more understandable.
A. The main activity of person should be detailed. For instance, the person would say his or her employment as a manager and should indicate his or her main activity as an "industry and trade". In this case, the enumerator should ask if he is a sales manager or general manager and at which division does he or she work for? What kind of economic activity does your enterprise do?
[p. 30]
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: Advertisement manager
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Sale and production of salami and meat product
18. Employment status: Contract worker-1
It should be clarified by asking "Do you have salary? Do you own this enterprise? If he or she does not own this enterprise or contributed his or her own property to this enterprise, he or she will be defined as a contract worker.
2. If a person owns that enterprise, the main activity of the enterprise will remain the same as a "trade" and his or her employment would be a "sales person". It should be clarified with many details that trade is wholesale, retail trade or intellectual work trade. For instance, wholesale of vegetables, retail trade of shoes in the black market.
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: Vegetables salesperson
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Wholesale trade of vegetables
18. Employment status: Contract worker-1
In this case, the person who works in the wholesale trade of vegetables as a salesperson is a contract worker because he or she gets paid working as a salesperson. It must be clarified that whose property is in this trade, if he or she did not contribute any property to this trade, he or she will be defined as a contract employer.
3. Occupational jobs should be clarified in a very detailed manner, too. If the person is an operator, it should be clarified what kind of machine or equipment operator does he or she do? For instance, the person who works at "Hotol cement" company as an operator, he or she should answer own employment as following:
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: Equipment operator of cement production
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Cement company
18. Employment status: Cooperative member-4
In this case, it is understandable or certain, a person who works at a cement company as a paid employer and his or her employment status will be defined as a contract employer.
[p. 31]
B. Example to fill in the questions about employment of person who work at more than one job
1. If a person worked at more than one job one week prior to the reference period, the main job should be registered in the questionnaire. The main job is the one that was worked at the longest during the reference period (1 week) of the census. If the worked hours at both jobs is the same, then the job with the higher income will be registered in the questionnaire. For instance, accountant Ms. Dulmaa works at a commercial bank as a general accountant but also works at small private shop as a accountant, the main job will be a general accountant and the main economic activity will be registered as an "activity of monetary circulation".
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: General accountant
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Activity of monetary circulation
18. Employment status: Contract worker-1
In this case, Ms. Dulmaa works at the commercial bank as a general accountant and she is a contract worker. Because she gets paid working as a general accountant, it should be clarified whose property is in the commercial bank, and if she did not contribute any property to this bank, her employment will be defined as a contract employer.
C. An example to fill the questions about self-employed person.
1. Questions 15-18, related to the employment of person aged 15 and over who works at household businesses (livestock, farming etc) except the head of households, should be filled out as follows:
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: Herder
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Livestock sector
18. Employment status: Unpaid family worker-5
People who do not get paid from their work in a household business should have their employment status defined as "unpaid family worker". The employment status of those people cannot be defined as "self-employed" because they are participating in their own household business but are not engaged with any industrial activity that is independent.
[p. 32]
2. If a person engages in the household business and hires any other household members permanently, the employment status of the head of household will be defined as a" employer" not self-employed.
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: Owner
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Livestock sector
18. Employment status: Unpaid family worker-5
The employment status of the person who is engaged in retail trade, craftsman or service without any permission, will be filled out as "self-employed" because they are engaged with their own business that is independent. If a person says that he or she works at a car cleaning service, it should be clarified by asking, what kind of car does he/she clean, where does he or she work?
15. Did you work last week? Yes-1
16. Job: Car cleaner
17. Main activity of the enterprise and establishment: Livestock sector
18. Employment status: Self-employed-3