Comparability — Argentina [top]

In 1991, roughly half the cases in the sample lack data for this and several other variables. Users should apply the alternative weight variable AR1991A_0434 when using one of these variables.

Comparability — Austria [top]

The Austrian industry data are fully comparable.

The source data for Austria assigned industries to non-workers based on who "supported" them. INDGEN reports data only for economically active persons.

Comparability — Belarus [top]

This variable is only available in 2009.

Comparability — Benin [top]

The 1979 and 1992 samples provide much less detailed information than the later years, grouping all services together, among other things.

Comparability — Bolivia [top]

The reference period is consistent across samples, but there are minor universe differences. The 2012 sample uses the ISIC rev. 4 classification, the 1992-2001 samples use the ISIC rev. 3 classification, and the 1976 sample uses a distinct classification. The 1976 sample does not have information on real estate services.

Comparability — Botswana [top]

The Botswana samples have comparable industry data.

There were significantly less response categories in the 1981 sample. The data for this sample has grouped some categories, thus creating some comparability issues. Responses for "hotels and restaurants" are merged with "wholesale and retail trade" and "business services" with "financial services and insurance;" some cases that would correspond to "other services" may be included in "health and social work."

Comparability — Cambodia [top]

The data are fully comparable between samples and report main activity last year.

Comparability — Canada [top]

There are differences in category availability across samples. Utilities are only identified in 1981 and 2011. Hotels and restaurants and education are not identified in 1971.

Real estate is included with financial services and insurance in 1971-2001. In 2011, financial services and insurance is a separate category from real estate.

Comparability — China [top]

The industry classifications for China were relatively similar. Services did not fit the INDGEN categories well. In 1990 and 2000, a large number of categories not identified in 1982 were coded to real estate and business services.

Comparability — Cuba [top]

The 2002 and 2012 samples use the same industry classification and have the same universe. The reference period for both samples is the week before the census.

Comparability — Côte d'Ivoire [top]

Both samples use a similar 1-digit classification system with different universes. The underlying classification of the 1998 sample contains more detail than the 1988 sample. Some major industrial groups are not separately identified in 1988.

Comparability — Dominican Republic [top]

The data report the activity of the establishment or sector in which the person works or worked. While the universe is consistent across samples in terms of age, the reference period and employment categories included in the universe vary. Industry classifications are fairly comparable across samples, but there are some differences. The 1960 sample lacked a "hotels and restaurants" category and a "health and social work category," and the 1960 and 1970 samples did not include a separate category for education services.

Comparability — Egypt [top]

The underlying classification systems differ, but all samples are well adapted to the groupings in INDGEN, and the aggregate distribution is similar.

There is a very minor universe change from 1986 to 1996.

Comparability — El Salvador [top]

The universe includes the experienced unemployed in 2007, not in 1992.

Comparability — Fiji [top]

The identified service industries vary across samples.

Comparability — Finland [top]

The 2010 sample uses a national classification (Standard Industrial Classification TOL 2008) that is compatible with the ISIC coding structure. Activities of extraterritorial organizations and bodies are grouped together with activities of private households in the "private household services" category.

Comparability — France [top]

The universe differs between samples with respect to the minimum age.

Industry in France was classified differently over the years. For the 1962 and 1968 censuses, no detail was available within services, making it impossible to identify education or health services.

Comparability — Germany [top]

The samples are coded from differing underlying classifications. Education is not separately identified in 1970. Several categories are not available in 1981.

Comparability — Ghana [top]

In both samples, the reference period is the 7 days preceding the census night. The age universe differs across samples, including persons age 7+ in 2000 and persons age 5+ in 2010. The identified industries are basically consistent across samples.

The 1984 sample lacks a separate category for education.

Comparability — Greece [top]

The 1971 sample lacked codes for the hotel and restaurant industries. These may be included among the "unknown" responses.

Comparability — Guatemala [top]

There are age difference in the universe of respondents between samples. Some categories are not separately identified in all years. The 1981 sample seems to combine education with health. The 2002 sample combines trade with hotels and restaurants, and it does not identify several categories.

Comparability — Guinea [top]

The 1996 census included an industry question, but is not integrated in INDGEN because the data are not included in the sample. There are comparability issues between the 1983 and 2014 samples, as they use different classification systems and have slightly different universes.

Comparability — Haiti [top]

The 1971 census asked the industry question, but the coded data are lacking many industries and are therefore not included in INDGEN. See the unharmonized variables.

Comparability — Honduras [top]

The 1961 sample lacks considerable detail. It does not separately identify mining and some other industry categories. The 1988 census asked an industry question, but the microdata lack labels.

Comparability — Hungary [top]

The data is comparable across the two samples. The 2011 sample includes scientific and technical activities within the "business services" category.

Comparability — Indonesia [top]

The 1971-1995 samples are mostly comparable, with slight universe differences in the inclusion of the experienced unemployed and persons who were temporarily absent from work. These samples do not offer enough detail to differentiate education and health/social work services -- these cases are contained within the "other services" category.

The 2005 sample is fully integrated into all categories; the 2010 sample differentiates education and health/social work, but does not for real estate/business services and private household services -- these cases are also contained within the "other services" category.

The 2000 sample only contains a simplified one-digit industry classification that could not be integrated into INDGEN.

Comparability — Iran [top]

The underlying classifications differ across samples, but are comparable when adapted to INDGEN.

Comparability — Ireland [top]

The Irish samples use separate classifications for 1971, 1981-1996, 2002-2006, and 2011-2016. The 2011 and 2016 samples use the ISIC rev. 4 classification. Universe differences between samples are minor.

Comparability — Israel [top]

Mining is included with manufacturing in the 1983-2008 samples.

The 1972 and 1983 industry classifications were highly aggregated and were not compatible with INDGEN. See IND. The 1995 and 2008 samples are fully comparable, as they use the same standard industrial classification and have the same universe.

Comparability — Italy [top]

The data are comparable across censuses.

Comparability — Jamaica [top]

The data report industry last week.

All three samples use a classification that fits INDGEN well, the major exception being the lack of specifics for services in 1982.

Comparability — Laos [top]

The data are fairy comparable between samples and report main activity within the last 12 months.

Comparability — Liberia [top]

The universe differs across samples, including persons age 10+ in 1974, and persons age 6+ in 2008. Both samples included persons who worked in the last 12 months in the universe, although the response categories for economic activity were more detailed in 2008 and therefore explicitly included those who were paid employees, self-employed or contributing family workers. Categorization of industry was similar in both samples.

Comparability — Malawi [top]

The 1987 and 1998 data are comparable. The 2008 and 2018 samples follow the ISIC revision 4 classification.

The samples have age universe differences: 10 and older in 1987, 1998, and 2018, while 6 and older are considered in 2008. The 2018 sample considers only persons who worked in the prior week, while the 1987, 1998, and 2008 samples also comprise unemployed respondents.

Comparability — Malaysia [top]

The samples have comparable industry data.

Comparability — Mali [top]

The underlying data are consistent between samples, recording the respondent's main industry category in the previous month.

Comparability — Mauritius [top]

The industry classification is inconsistent across the 1990-2011 samples. The 2000 and 2011 classifications are generally compatible with the ISIC coding structure. The 1990 classification is somewhat compatible, but differs slightly in its handling of service industry categories. Refer to the unharmonized source variable for more information.

Comparability — Mexico [top]

The 2005 sample does not include information on industry.

Comparability — Mongolia [top]

The 2000 sample followed the 1998 NSO national classification. The 2010 and 2020 samples use the ISIC rev. 4 classification and the data are comparable across.

Comparability — Morocco [top]

The universe is identical across the 1982-2014 samples and the industry classifications are mostly comparable, with only minor discrepancies. The 1994-2004 samples use a classification consistent with ISIC rev. 3, while the 2014 sample uses a classification that is consistent with ISIC rev. 4.

Comparability — Mozambique [top]

The universe differs across samples. The 1997 and 2007 samples employ the same classification scheme, while the ISIC revision 4 classification is used in 2017.

Comparability — Myanmar [top]

The 2014 sample uses the ISIC rev. 4 classification.

Comparability — Nepal [top]

The 2001 data record the person's usual industry in the previous year, while the 2011 data identify the industry in the past 12 months.

Comparability — Netherlands [top]

Mining is included with manufacturing in all samples. The 2001 and 2011 samples include more detail among service industries.

Comparability — Pakistan [top]

The data record the person's industry category in the previous week. The source category for education is actually the broader "social and related community services". The 1981 and 1998 samples do not include industry data.

Comparability — Palestine [top]

There are minor universe differences across the 1997-2017 samples. The 1997 and 2007 samples use the ISIC rev. 3 classification, while the 2017 sample uses the ISIC rev. 4 classification. All samples record the person's main industry during the previous week.

Comparability — Panama [top]

The Panama samples have comparable industry data.

Comparability — Papua New Guinea [top]

The 1980 sample offers little detail among service industries.

Comparability — Paraguay [top]

The samples differ in their identification of service industry categories.

Comparability — Peru [top]

The samples use identical classifications. The 1993 and 2017 samples records the person's industry in the previous week, or during the last time they were employed. The 2007 sample reports the industry category from the previous week only.

Comparability — Philippines [top]

The 1995 census classification is very crude, and the resulting INDGEN codes lack a distinct category for education services -- which are probably included with public administration. However, the 1995 services categories seem particularly inconsistent with the other census years.

Comparability — Poland [top]

This variable is only available in 1978 and 2002.

The 1978 source data assigned occupation to non-workers based on who "supported" them. INDGEN reports data only for economically active persons. This sample lists few responses, and the data are not very consistent with the INDGEN coding structure. For more information, see the corresponding unharmonized source variable.

Comparability — Portugal [top]

The Portugal samples have comparable industry data.

Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]

The samples report respondents' industry category in the previous week, or during last time they worked. The universe statements differ in terms of the minimum age of respondents, as well as the time frame for recording the industry category of persons not currently working.

Comparability — Saint Lucia [top]

The data report the person's industry in the previous week. The 1980 sample does not include industry information.

Comparability — Senegal [top]

The 1988 and 2013 samples record the person's main industry during the last year. The 1988 classification does not include categories for electricity, gas, water and waste management or business services and real estate, while the 2013 classification does. There are minor universe differences across the two samples. The 2002 sample lacks an industry variable.

Comparability — Slovakia [top]

The 2001 and 2011 samples share the same universe that includes pensioners, whereas the 1991 sample includes only persons who were economically active.

Comparability — Spain [top]

Retirees are included in the 1991 universe and excluded from the 1981, 2001, and 2011 samples. Therefore, there are significantly more persons with industry responses in 1991 than in the other years. The 2011 source data were coded according to the ISIC classification system; source data in other samples use unique classification schemes, but are well adapted to the groupings in INDGEN.

Comparability — Suriname [top]

The 2004 sample uses a coding structure similar to the ISIC rev. 3.1 classification, while the 2012 sample uses the ISIC rev. 4 classification. The 2012 classification includes a category for private household services, while the 2004 classification does not. The age universe differs across the two samples.

Comparability — Switzerland [top]

The samples are consistent over time in their underlying codes, and they report current industry.

Comparability — Tanzania [top]

This variable in the 2002 and 2012 samples record a person's main industry category. It applies to persons who have worked in their current industry for at least 7 days in the time before the census. The 1988 Tanzania sample does not include an industry variable.

Comparability — Thailand [top]

The data for all samples reports main industry category in the previous year. The universe statement for the respondent's age varies slightly between the 1970-1980 and the 1990-2000 samples.

Comparability — Togo [top]

The 1970 sample does not separately identify several categories.

Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]

In 1980, 1990, and 2000, "education" and "health and social work" are not separately identified.

Comparability — Turkey [top]

The samples do not differentiate education and health/social work services -- these cases are contained within the "other services" category.

Comparability — United Kingdom [top]

The 1991 and 2001 samples have categories that are not identified in the 1961 and 1971 samples.

Comparability — United States [top]

All samples are generally comparable with universes containing persons age 16+. The 1960 and 1970 samples include persons age 14+.

Comparability — Uruguay [top]

The universe differs across samples. In the 1963 sample, this question was answered by persons aged 8 years or older who were in the labor force; when the person was inexperienced unemployed, the industry indicated was coded with the person's profession. For the 1985 and 1996 samples, the industry was reported by persons aged 12 years or older who were employed or experienced unemployed. The 2006 unharmonized source data preserve a separate variable on the industry of the employer, while the one integrated into INDGEN is the industry of the establishment the person works in; in this sample the industry was reported by persons aged 14 or older who were employed. Industry is not available for the 1975 sample.

Comparability — Venezuela [top]

The 1971 sample asks persons about their industry. However, the data were too suspect to be included in INDGEN. Instead, they are included in the un-recoded variable IND, in case researchers can make something of these data.

Comparability — Vietnam [top]

The universe varies substantially across samples. The 1989 sample includes persons employed at any point during the previous year; 1999 includes persons employed for six months or more during the previous year; and 2009 includes persons who were currently employed. The 2017 sample includes persons who did paid work in the last 7 days.

Comparability — Zambia [top]

The universe is consistent across samples, except exclusion of absent household members in the 2010 sample.