Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Migctryp : public Editor {
public:
Migctryp(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::za1996a:
if (ZA1996A_0420() == 999 && ZA1996A_0401() > 1)
a = 0;
break;
case dataset_id::ie2011a:
if (IE2011A_0400() == 2)
a = 0;
break;
case dataset_id::ua2001a:
if (UA2001A_0434() == 2)
a = 0;
break;
case dataset_id::ie2016a:
if (IE2016A_0408() == 9 && IE2016A_0428() == 1)
a = 0;
break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
MIGCTRYP indicates the country of previous residence of international migrants.
Persons who never lived abroad are coded to the "non-migrant" category.
Comparability — Index
|
GENERAL Armenia Belarus Brazil Cameroon Colombia Cuba |
Ecuador Greece Iran Ireland Jamaica Malawi Mali |
Mongolia Panama Poland Thailand Uganda Uruguay |
Comparability — General
The number of countries specified differs across samples.
For similar information for specific time intervals since migration, see MIGCTRY1, MIGCTRY5, MIGCTRY0, and MIGCTRYC. A series of country-specific variables document intra-national migration over different time intervals.
The codes for MIGCTRYP are patterned on those used for BPLCOUNTRY (Country of birth).
Comparability — Armenia [top]
In 2001, persons previously residing in Nagorno-Karabagh have been integrated into Armenia.
Comparability — Belarus [top]
In 2009, persons were asked if they had permanently lived in another country for over one year from 2005 to October 13th of 2009. People who had not moved and those who answered "Republic of Belarus" were coded as "non-migrants."
Comparability — Brazil [top]
In 1960, persons who left their municipality of birth and subsequently returned to it are coded to "Brazil," as if they had never migrated. In 2000 and 2010, persons who lived 10 or more years in their current municipality are coded to "Brazil," regardless of whether they migrated internationally before that time.
Comparability — Cameroon [top]
The universe differs slightly across samples.
Comparability — Colombia [top]
In 2005, residence in a foreign country is only recorded for persons who changed residence in the last five years. All others are recorded as having a previous residence in Colombia.
Comparability — Cuba [top]
The 2002 and 2012 samples identify only few countries.
Comparability — Ecuador [top]
The 1974 sample gives only the continent of origin; the 1962 samples specifies countries. In both cases people who did not move are listed as having previous residence in Ecuador.
Comparability — Greece [top]
Only non-citizens were asked the previous country question -- all citizens were classified as non-migrants.
Comparability — Iran [top]
In 2011, the census question referred to persons who changed their place of residence to Iran within the past 5 years (since 2006, the year of the previous census).
Comparability — Ireland [top]
From 1996 to 2016, to qualify as a foreign migrant, a person must have lived abroad for at least one year. The 2011-2016 samples exclude absent persons from the universe.
Comparability — Jamaica [top]
Residence in a foreign country was only recorded for people who moved during the last five years. All others are recorded as having previous residence in Jamaica.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
Previous country of residence was not asked of visitors.
Comparability — Mali [top]
In the 1998 sample, many people lack responses for the previous residence question and are coded to "unknown".
Comparability — Mongolia [top]
For the 2010 and 2020 samples, respondents were asked about their country of previous residents. Respondents who replied "America" were categorized as "Americas, n.s." for their previous country. In both samples, the universe is all persons, and the samples are comparable.
Comparability — Panama [top]
Persons whose permanent residence is not in Panama are coded as unknown.
Comparability — Poland [top]
In 2002, the census question referred to persons who changed their place of residence since 1989 (and previously lived abroad).
Comparability — Thailand [top]
Residence in a foreign country is only recorded for persons who moved within the last 5 years in the Thailand samples. Anyone outside that universe is recorded as having a previous residence in Thailand. Persons under age five were not asked the question in 1970-1980, but they were in 1990-2000.
Comparability — Uganda [top]
The 1991 sample specified more countries than the 2002 sample. Visitors were not asked the migration question in 2002.
Comparability — Uruguay [top]
In 1963, the question was asked of persons who had resided outside the place of enumeration for six months or more. In 2011, the question was asked of persons who had resided outside the place of enumeration for one year of more. Thus, persons who always lived in the place of enumeration or who never lived abroad are coded as non-migrants (international.)
Universe
- Armenia 2001: All persons
- Armenia 2011: All persons
- Belarus 1999: All persons
- Belarus 2009: All persons
- Benin 2002: Resident persons
- Benin 2013: Resident persons
- Brazil 1960: All persons
- Brazil 1970: All persons
- Brazil 2000: All persons
- Brazil 2010: All persons
- Cambodia 1998: All persons
- Cambodia 2004: All persons
- Cambodia 2008: All persons
- Cambodia 2013: Present persons
- Cambodia 2019: All persons
- Cameroon 1987: Persons in private households
- Cameroon 2005: Residents of the household
- Colombia 1964: All persons
- Colombia 1973: All persons
- Colombia 2005: All persons
- Costa Rica 1963: All persons
- Cuba 2002: All persons
- Cuba 2012: All persons
- Ecuador 1962: All persons
- Ecuador 1974: All persons
- El Salvador 2007: All persons
- Greece 2001: All persons
- Guatemala 1981: All persons
- Guatemala 1994: All persons
- Guinea 1996: Household residents
- Iran 2011: All persons
- Iraq 1997: All persons
- Ireland 1986: All persons
- Ireland 1991: All persons
- Ireland 1996: All persons
- Ireland 2002: All persons
- Ireland 2006: All persons
- Ireland 2011: Present persons
- Ireland 2016: Present persons
- Italy 2011: All persons
- Jamaica 2001: All persons
- Kyrgyzstan 1999: All persons
- Laos 2015: Persons who moved within the past 12 months
- Malawi 2008: Non-visitors
- Mali 1998: All persons
- Mali 2009: All persons
- Mexico 1960: All persons
- Mexico 1970: All persons
- Mongolia 2000: All persons
- Mongolia 2010: All persons
- Mongolia 2020: All persons
- Morocco 2004: All persons
- Panama 2000: All persons
- Panama 2010: All persons
- Poland 2002: All persons
- Rwanda 2012: All persons
- Slovenia 2002: All persons
- South Africa 1996: Persons in private households
- Spain 2011: All persons
- Thailand 1970: All persons
- Thailand 1980: All persons
- Thailand 1990: All persons
- Thailand 2000: All persons
- Togo 2010: Resident persons
- Trinidad and Tobago 2011: All persons
- Uganda 1991: All persons
- Uganda 2002: Non-visitors
- Ukraine 2001: Permanent residents
- Uruguay 1963: All persons
- Uruguay 2011: All persons
Availability
- Armenia: 2001, 2011
- Belarus: 1999, 2009
- Benin: 2002, 2013
- Brazil: 1960, 1970, 2000, 2010
- Cambodia: 1998, 2004, 2008, 2013, 2019
- Cameroon: 1987, 2005
- Colombia: 1964, 1973, 2005
- Costa Rica: 1963
- Cuba: 2002, 2012
- Ecuador: 1962, 1974
- El Salvador: 2007
- Greece: 2001
- Guatemala: 1981, 1994
- Guinea: 1996
- India: 1999
- Iran: 2011
- Iraq: 1997
- Ireland: 1986, 1991, 1996, 2002, 2006, 2011, 2016
- Italy: 2011
- Jamaica: 2001
- Kyrgyzstan: 1999
- Laos: 2015
- Malawi: 2008
- Mali: 1998, 2009
- Mexico: 1960, 1970
- Mongolia: 2000, 2010, 2020
- Morocco: 2004
- Panama: 2000, 2010
- Poland: 2002
- Rwanda: 2012
- Slovenia: 2002
- South Africa: 1996
- Spain: 2011
- Thailand: 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000
- Togo: 2010
- Trinidad and Tobago: 2011
- Uganda: 1991, 2002
- Ukraine: 2001
- Uruguay: 1963, 2011
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