Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
ISCO88A provides the 3-digit occupation code for the respondent using the ISCO-1988 occupation classification.
Comparability — Index
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GENERAL Botswana Iran |
Mozambique Papua New Guinea Philippines |
Romania Vietnam Zambia |
Comparability — General
ISCO is the International Standard Classification of Occupations. This variable uses the 1988 version of ISCO. There are earlier versions and a 2008 revision.
Only countries that used the ISCO system in their census are included in ISCO88A; therefore, limited integration was necessary to make the classifications consistent between samples. There are some differences, however, in the universe of people who answered the question.
OCCISCO attempts to code all samples with occupation data into a system that corresponds to the first digit of the ISCO classification. Because most of those samples were not originally coded into ISCO, however, that variable involves many judgment calls and is far less robust for comparability purposes than ISCO88A.
A separate variable ISCO68A provides the 3-digit ISCO-1968 codes for countries that used that older classification system.
Comparability — Botswana [top]
The 2001 and 2011 samples use a national classification system compatible with the ISCO-88 structure.
Comparability — Iran [top]
The 2006 and 2011 samples report the current occupation of employed persons aged 10 or more. A few categories from 2006 did not have data in 2011, thus creating minor comparability issues.
Comparability — Mozambique [top]
The 1997 identifies Armed Forces, which 2007 does not. The minimum age of respondents differs across samples.
Comparability — Papua New Guinea [top]
Only workers in urban areas were asked the occupation question in 1990.
Comparability — Philippines [top]
Philippines follows the Philippine Standard Occupational Classification, but it is comparable with ISCO88. The age universe differs between samples.
Comparability — Romania [top]
The universe in the 2002 sample is persons who have at least one job. In 2011, the universe is persons working during the reference week or those unemployed and looking for another job.
Comparability — Vietnam [top]
Vietnam codes virtually all farmers to unskilled labor. IPUMS does not alter those codes in this variable, but for comparability with other countries, these cases should probably be interpreted as skilled agricultural workers.
Universe
- Armenia 2011: Persons age 15 to 75 with a job
- Belarus 2009: Employed persons age 15+
- Bolivia 1992: Persons age 7+ who worked last week, and experienced unemployed
- Bolivia 2001: Persons age 7+ who worked last week
- Botswana 2001: Persons age 12+ who worked for pay in past 7 days, except institutionalized non-residents
- Botswana 2011: Persons age 12+ who worked for pay in past 7 days, except institutionalized non-residents
- Cambodia 1998: Persons who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Cambodia 2004: Persons who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Cambodia 2008: Persons age 5+ who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Chile 1992: Persons age 14+ who ever worked
- Costa Rica 2000: Persons age 12+ who were employed the week prior to the census
- Cuba 2002: Persons age 15+ who worked or had a job
- Ecuador 2001: Persons that ever worked
- Egypt 2006: Persons age 6+ who were economically active
- El Salvador 1992: Persons age 10+ who were employed
- El Salvador 2007: Persons age 10+ who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Ethiopia 1994: Persons age 10+ who worked or were experienced workers looking for work
- France 1999: Employed persons age 15+
- Greece 2001: Persons born before 1991 who were working or seeking work
- Guatemala 2002: Persons age 10+ who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Guinea 1996: Residents age 6+ employed or experienced unemployed
- Honduras 2001: Persons age 7+ who are in the labor force, not new job seekers
- Iran 2006: Employed persons age 10+
- Iran 2011: Employed persons age 10+
- Jordan 2004: Persons age 15+ with a job last week
- Laos 1995: Employed persons age 10+
- Malaysia 2000: Persons age 10+ who were employed
- Mauritius 1990: Persons age 12+ who ever worked
- Mauritius 2000: Persons age 12+ who ever worked
- Mongolia 2000: Persons age 15+ who worked last week
- Mozambique 1997: Persons who worked or looked for a new job in the last week
- Mozambique 2007: Residents age 7+ who worked or looked for a new job in the last week
- Nicaragua 1995: Persons age 10+ who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Nicaragua 2005: Persons age 10+ who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Panama 2000: Persons age 10+ who are employed
- Papua New Guinea 1990: Persons age 10+ in urban areas who worked last week
- Papua New Guinea 2000: Persons age 10+ who worked last week
- Paraguay 2002: Persons age 10+ who worked last week
- Philippines 2000: Persons age 10+ who are working
- Philippines 2010: Persons age 15+ who are working
- Portugal 1991: Persons age 12+ who are employed or looking for a job
- Portugal 2001: Persons age 15+ who are employed or looking for a job
- Romania 2002: Persons who have at least one job
- Romania 2011: Persons working during reference week or unemployed looking for another job
- Rwanda 2002: Non-visitors age 6+ who are employed or experienced unemployed
- Senegal 2002: Employed persons age 6+
- South Africa 1996: Employed persons age 15+ in private households
- South Africa 2001: Employed or economically active persons age 10+
- South Africa 2007: Persons age 15 to 74 with a job last week, not in institutions
- Switzerland 1970: Employed persons
- Switzerland 1980: Employed persons
- Switzerland 1990: Employed persons age 15+
- Switzerland 2000: Employed persons
- Thailand 2000: Persons age 13+ who were employed
- Trinidad and Tobago 1990: Persons age 15+ who worked or ever looked for work
- Trinidad and Tobago 2000: Persons age 15+ who worked or ever looked for work
- Uganda 1991: Persons age 10+ with a job
- Uganda 2002: Persons age 5+ who are in labor force
- United Kingdom 1991: Persons age 16+ who worked within last 10 years
- Uruguay 1996: Persons 12+ who were employed or experienced unemployed
- Uruguay 2006: Persons age 14+ with a job
- Venezuela 2001: Persons age 10+ in the labor force
- Vietnam 1999: Persons age 13+ who worked at least 6 months in the previous year
- Zambia 2010: Present members and visitors age 12+ who were working in the last 12 months
- Zimbabwe 2012: Persons age 10+ who are working
Availability
- Armenia: 2011
- Belarus: 2009
- Bolivia: 1992, 2001
- Botswana: 2001, 2011
- Cambodia: 1998, 2004, 2008
- Chile: 1992
- Costa Rica: 2000
- Cuba: 2002
- Ecuador: 2001
- Egypt: 2006
- El Salvador: 1992, 2007
- Ethiopia: 1994
- France: 1999
- Greece: 2001
- Guatemala: 2002
- Guinea: 1996
- Honduras: 2001
- India: 2009
- Iran: 2006, 2011
- Jordan: 2004
- Laos: 1995
- Malaysia: 2000
- Mauritius: 1990, 2000
- Mongolia: 2000
- Mozambique: 1997, 2007
- Nicaragua: 1995, 2005
- Nigeria: 2010
- Panama: 2000
- Papua New Guinea: 1990, 2000
- Paraguay: 2002
- Philippines: 2000, 2010
- Portugal: 1991, 2001
- Romania: 2002, 2011
- Rwanda: 2002
- Senegal: 2002
- South Africa: 1996, 2001, 2007
- Switzerland: 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000
- Thailand: 2000
- Trinidad and Tobago: 1990, 2000
- Uganda: 1991, 2002
- United Kingdom: 1991
- Uruguay: 1996, 2006
- Venezuela: 2001
- Vietnam: 1999
- Zambia: 2010
- Zimbabwe: 2012
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