Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Educmx : public Editor {
public:
Educmx(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mx1960a) {
if (MX1960A_0426() > 16 && MX1960A_0426() < 999)
a = 800;
if (MX1960A_0426() == 0)
switch (MX1960A_0425()) {
case 0:
a = 10;
break;
case 1:
a = 101;
break;
case 2:
a = 102;
break;
case 3:
a = 103;
break;
case 4:
a = 104;
break;
case 5:
a = 105;
break;
case 6:
a = 106;
break;
default:
a = 109;
}
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mx1990a) {
int v = MX1990A_0418() * 100 + MX1990A_0419();
if (v == 0) {
switch (MX1990A_0414()) {
case 0:
a = 10;
break;
case 1:
a = 21;
break;
case 2:
a = 22;
break;
case 3:
a = 23;
break;
default:
a = 29;
}
} else if (v <= 106) {
switch (MX1990A_0415()) {
case 1:
a = 211;
break;
case 2:
a = 212;
break;
case 3:
a = 213;
break;
}
} else if (v <= 203) {
switch (MX1990A_0416()) {
case 1:
a = 311;
break;
case 2:
a = 312;
break;
case 3:
a = 313;
break;
case 4:
a = 314;
break;
}
}
if (v > 0 && v <= 303) {
switch (MX1990A_0417()) {
case 1:
a = 401;
break;
case 2:
a = 402;
break;
case 3:
a = 403;
break;
case 4:
a = 404;
break;
}
}
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mx1995a) {
if (MX1995A_0447() == 99 && MX1995A_0404() >= 5)
a = 10;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
EDUCMX indicates the person's educational attainment in Mexico in terms of the highest level and year or grade completed.
Comparability — General
The compulsory education system includes 3 years of pre-school, 6 years of primary, and 3 years of lower secondary.
Pre-school generally consists of 3 grades attended by children between 3 and 5 years of age; this level is not required to start primary education.
Lower secondary education has two modalities: the general track and the technical, commercial, or training track. General lower secondary lasts 3 years and leads to upper secondary. The technical track lasts 1 to 4 years with the intent of preparing students for the labor market. Technical, commercial, or training secondary are not equivalent to general secondary and do not lead to upper secondary.
Upper secondary education has three modalities, each with a different curriculum: the general track, the technical, commercial, or training track, and the technological track. Upper secondary typically lasts 3 or fewer years across all tracks. The technical, commercial, or training track varies in length depending upon the specialty, and some people in the general and technological tracks report attending a 4th year.
Higher education includes post-secondary technical schooling, teacher-training schooling, bachelor's degree, and graduate studies (master's degree, specialty degree, and doctoral degree). Length of studies varies across degree types and specialties.
This variable is fairly comparable across samples, particularly at the first digit. At the second digit, variations in the amount and type of detail available in the samples results in some loss of comparability.
The 1960 sample provides the least detail: respondents were simply asked how many years of primary and post-primary education they completed. In creating EDUCMX, the post-primary responses were categorized according to a 6-3-3 educational system: post-primary years 1-3 were placed under lower secondary, general track; post-primary years 4-6 were placed under secondary, general track; and subsequent post-primary years were placed under unspecified post-secondary education. In addition, a fair number of respondents reported implausible amounts of post-primary education: values greater than 16 were coded as unknown.
The other samples provided greater detail than the 1960 one, allowing one to identify both the person's level of educational attainment (primary, lower secondary, secondary, and so forth) as well as the number of grades or years completed at that level.
The 1960 and 1970 samples do not contain information about preschool attendance. Persons who did not claim any primary education were coded in EDUCMX as having no education, even though some of them conceivably completed some preschool.
The 1970 sample does not separately identify those who attended teacher-training schools.
The 1995 sample does not distinguish between technical and academic tracks in lower or upper secondary education.
The 2015 and 2020 samples add a third type of upper secondary education, technological, that is not specified in earlier years.
From 2005, samples specifies the years of study at the Master's and Doctoral levels.
The 2015 and 2020 samples include in the specialty category to people with medical specialties, medical subspecialties, and other specialties, while in previous samples people with specialties were included in the categories of master's or doctoral programs.
The surveys 2005-2020 do not distinguish between technical and academic tracks in lower or upper secondary education.
The universe changes over time: persons age 6 or older from 1960 to 1970; persons 5 or older from 1990 to 2005
and for the 2005-2020 surveys
; and persons 3 or older from 2010 to 2020.
The teacher training category groups education at different levels. The Mexico samples for 1990-2005
and surveys for 2005-2020
refer only to normal schools, while 2010-2020 samples identified an additional category for education degrees (which has upper secondary or preparatory school as requisite). Most Mexico samples have unharmonized variables that allow classifying the types of teacher training according to their entrance requirements.
In the 2005-2020 surveys, most education levels have a category for zero years completed. These persons are coded to the highest grade of the level immediately lower than the one they reported (or the modal grade). For example, persons with zero years of middle school completed are coded to 6+ years of primary in every sample. Note that persons with zero years of pre-school or primary school completed are coded to no education received, and persons with zero years of master's are coded to 4 years of undergraduate education received.
A harmonized international classification of educational attainment is available in EDATTAIN, which imposes a number of compromises to regularize the data across countries. Conversely, EDUCMX retains the full detail on educational attainment for the Mexican samples.
The number of years of schooling completed is available separately in YRSCHOOL.
Universe
- Mexico 1960: Persons age 6+
- Mexico 1970: Persons age 6+
- Mexico 1990: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 1995: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 2000: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 2005: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 2010: Persons age 3+
- Mexico 2015: Persons age 3+
- Mexico 2020: Persons age 3+
Availability
- Mexico: 1960, 1970, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2005Q1, 2005Q2, 2005Q3, 2005Q4, 2006Q1, 2006Q2, 2006Q3, 2006Q4, 2007Q1, 2007Q2, 2007Q3, 2007Q4, 2008Q1, 2008Q2, 2008Q3, 2008Q4, 2009Q1, 2009Q2, 2009Q3, 2009Q4, 2010, 2010Q1, 2010Q2, 2010Q3, 2010Q4, 2011Q1, 2011Q2, 2011Q3, 2011Q4, 2012Q1, 2012Q2, 2012Q3, 2012Q4, 2013Q1, 2013Q2, 2013Q3, 2013Q4, 2014Q1, 2014Q2, 2014Q3, 2014Q4, 2015, 2015Q1, 2015Q2, 2015Q3, 2015Q4, 2016Q1, 2016Q2, 2016Q3, 2016Q4, 2017Q1, 2017Q2, 2017Q3, 2017Q4, 2018Q1, 2018Q2, 2018Q3, 2018Q4, 2019Q1, 2019Q2, 2019Q3, 2019Q4, 2020, 2020Q1, 2020Q3
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