Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Educzm : public Editor {
public:
Educzm(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::zm2000a: {
if (ZM2000A_0435() == 99 && ZM2000A_0434() == 4 && ZM2000A_0404() >= 5)
a = 100;
} break;
case dataset_id::zm2010a: {
if (ZM2010A_0445() == 99 && ZM2010A_0443() == 2 && ZM2010A_0404() >= 5 &&
(ZM2010A_0401() == 1 || ZM2010A_0401() == 3))
a = 100;
} break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
EDUCZM indicates the person's educational attainment in Zambia in terms of the level of schooling completed.
Comparability — General
Zambia has a 7-2-3 system, which consists of 7 years of primary (grades 1 to 7), 2 years of junior secondary (grades 8 to 9), and 3 years of senior secondary (grades 10 to 12). Students earn education certificates at the end of each level.
The Zambia samples code the person's educational attainment according to their current education system. Enumeration instructions describe equivalences with the structures prevalent in the past and some categories correspond to an old education system. The General Certificate of Education (GCE) Ordinary level is similar to the education certificate earned at the end of grade 12 and the General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced level is earned after further post-secondary education.
Technical and vocational training is offered starting at the secondary level. Higher education includes several options: technical colleges offering certificates (2 years) and diplomas (3 years); universities offering bachelor's (usually 4 years), master's, and doctoral degrees.
For all samples, educational attainment includes correspondence and full- and part-time classes. For persons educated outside Zambia, instructions required to register the equivalent level. The universe for Zambia 1990-2000 is persons age 5 or more, while it is present household members and visitors age 5 or more for Zambia 2010.
In addition to EDUCZM, the Zambia samples include related unharmonized source variables indicating the highest professional or vocational qualification and its corresponding field of study.
A harmonized international classification of educational attainment is available in EDATTAIN, which imposes a number of compromises to regularize the data across countries. Conversely, EDUCZM retains the full detail on educational attainment for the Zambia samples.
The number of years of schooling completed is available separately in YRSCHOOL.
Universe
- Zambia 1990: Persons age 5+
- Zambia 2000: Persons age 5+
- Zambia 2010: Present members and visitors 5+
Availability
- Zambia: 1990, 2000, 2010
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