Economic Characteristics -- for all individuals ten years of age and older

[Questions 13-17 were asked of all persons 10 years and older.]

Only those people who responded 1, 2 or 3 in question number 13 should answer these questions.

[Questions 14-16 are asked only of persons who responded 1, 2 or 3 to question 13. The questions referred to the activity carried out between Monday and the Sunday before the day of the census.]

14. What is the occupation, position, or profession that provides the greatest part of your income? ____

Economic Characteristics

1. In this section of the form, all persons should respond who are [10] years old and [more] (consult the census form).

[p.161]

2. The Census will take place on September 30.

You will ask each person who you are enumerating: What did you do during the majority of the week from September 21 to 26.

The question refers to the week immediately [before] the "Census Day."

[p.162]

3. To complete the following box, consult the census form, question number 13.

The concept of "the majority of last week" refers to [4] normal work shifts, according to the occupation that the person practices, or if he/she worked more than [35] hours a week.

[p.163]

4. Observe that the question number 13 includes ten alternatives that are listed in a column. Once you have read question number 13, without waiting for an answer, begin reading each of the ten choices. If the person answers affirmatively to the choices 1, 2, or 3, you should mark the corresponding box and then continue with the question 14.

Miss Garcia answers "Yes" to choice 2 (Didn't work, but had employment?). You mark [x]2 and move immediately to question number [14].

[p.164]

5. When you enumerate Mr. Pereira you ask: What did you do during the majority of the week from September 21 to 26? Immediately, without waiting for an answer, begin to read the ten possible options. When you read the first (worked?), Mr. Pereira answers, "yes." You mark this answer [x]1, and immediately move on to question number [14].

[p.165]

6. If a person answering the census answers "Yes" to the alternative [1], [2] or [3], you move on to question 14, then mark the respective box.

But if person answering the census answers "Yes" to any of the alternative 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, you move directly to question number 17.

8. Now let's consider questions number 14, 15, and 16.

These questions will be asked exclusively in the cases in which you marked one of the boxes [1], [2], or [3] in the question number 13.

Mr. Pereira fixes radios in his house and in addition works in a store that sells electrical goods. Mr. Pereira says that he "earns more" as a vendor.

What answer will you mark for the question number 14"
[vendor of electrical goods].

[p.168]

9. The name of the occupation, job, or profession that the person answering the census gives as an answer to the question number 14, should always be the one that provides him/her with the [greatest income].

This name should provide a precise idea of the occupation, job, or profession that the person carries out.

[p.169]

10. If a person says: "I work in a family home, where I only take care of the children."

In the question number 14, of the following occupations, which would you mark? [nanny]

[p.170]

11. The oldest of the Misses Garcia works as a supervisor in the Purchasing Office for the National Sanitation Works.

In this case, you would write:
[Supervisor of the Purchasing Office]

C. Population

For all of the persons 14 years and more

[Questions 10-15 were asked of persons age 14 and older.]

Questions 11, 12, and 13 should be asked only of the person that responded to one of the first three choices in question 10. The answer should refer to the activity carried out between Monday and the Sunday before the day of the census.

[Question 11, 12 and 13 were asked of persons who responded to one of the first three choices in question 10: worked, didn't work but had a job, or looked for work having worked before.]

11. What is the occupation, job or type of work that you do? ________

C. Population

Census home is a person or group of persons, related or not, who occupy the same dwelling. You will write down first the name and surname of the head of the household, then ask all the corresponding questions.

You will ask the following questions to all persons 14 years old or older.

11. What is the occupation, craft, or class of work that you do?
You will write down the name of the occupation, giving a precise idea as in the examples that are shown in the questionnaire.

You will avoid imprecise names like: agricultural worker, aid, employee, etc.

If the enumerated person has more than one occupation, you will write down what is considered as principle.

Questions 21-28 are filled in for 15-75 years old persons.

21. Whether the respondent had a job or income-producing business during the week preceding the census i.e. from October 4 - 11 (including those who are temporarily absent from their job)

Questions 22-24 were asked of those who had a job or income-producing business.

23. Occupation at the main workplace ___

Question 28

Your occupation, occupied position, or activity in the main workplace

For those people who had any paid work or profitable job from October 4 to 11 (for whom code "1" was written in the 26th question), the detailed description of the type of the occupation, which they do in the workplace, mentioned in the 27th question, is written:

1) If the respondent had more than one job, and in the observed period he/she was temporary absent from the main workplace, than information on occupation, occupied position or the work (activities) should be completed according to the main workplace (activity) as in the question 27.
2) The occupation or/and occupied position must be written in detail mentioning the type of the work. It's not allowed to write "manager", "master", "typist", "operator" and so on (because most of them have the same name, but they belong to the different sphere of activity), instead it must be written "manager of the library", "manager of the marketing department", "computer operator", "camera operator", and so on.
3) If the title of position, for example "1st class specialist", doesn't allow to define the occupation, the brief job description should be written.
4) For those people who work in their own organizations without hiring people or engaging them in work time after time, the title of the occupation (handicraft) is written; for example "dentist", "sewer" and so on. In case of engaging employees, i.e. he/she is an employer, regardless of his/her occupation in the organization - "director" is written.
5) The detailed description of the wok done is written for those people who do diverse works (except agriculture) that doesn't require a specialization.
6) If the respondent is engaged in farming and produce agricultural products, "Engaged in crop production" or "Engaged in production of milk, eggs", etc. is written, with further explanation whether it whether the production was intended for their own consumption, selling or for other purposes.
7) If the respondent has done different type of agricultural works, and it is difficult to record them separately, than "Engaged in cultivation of agricultural crops" or "Engaged in raising of livestock", or "Engaged in cultivation of agricultural crops and raising of livestock" is written.
8) For those people who work in the organizations that belong to the member of the family, without payment, as an occupation is written the one they are engaged in most of the time. For example, if the member of the family most of the time is engaged in unloading of goods, "porter" is written.
9) For those people who serve in the army, then write "serves in the army."

For employed persons, active duty guardsmen, and unemployed persons
[Questions 15-17 were asked of employed persons, active duty guardsman, and unemployed persons only.]

Please note the explanations on page 4 of the household list.

15. Practiced profession: ________

For Question 15, practiced profession: For multiple practiced professions, only answers about the main profession should be answered. This also applies to Questions 16 and 17. Unemployed persons and active duty guardsmen give answers concerning the most recently practiced profession.

Question 15-17 of the persons sheet
[Questions 15 - 17 were asked of employed persons, active duty guardsman, and unemployed persons only.]

The Statistic Central Office checks the answers for Questions 15 and 17 in the systematic register, so that they can be coded correctly for consolidation processing with the computer. For a very general restrained held answers, for example "office employee", the person in charge however does not know whether the person should be classified as an authorized signatory, accountant, shorthand typist, or paper sorter. If in question 17 for example only "metal branch" is marked, then this could just as well be a car factory, an art lock-making or an ironware store. Therefore the most accurate possible answers are requested. If someone remarks that they are not able to describe their profession, a description of work of the employed person or the type of product or the services of the business or the department is also sufficient.

(11) Exact Job Description:

(a) (For example "paint mixer"--not "support staff"; or for example "booking/reservations machine operator"--not "office employee; or for example "civil servant in higher country-archive-work"--not "civil servant") ____

(b) Key word description of your occupational activity ________

For questions 11 and 14, Job title, Branch of industry

The answers for questions 11 and 14 checked in the systematic distortions at the Statistic Central Office, so that they can be properly encoded for processing with the computer. Concerning a general held answer, i.e. "office employee", the editor however does not know if the person should be classified as an authorized signatory, accountant, shorthand typist, or paper sorter. If in question 14 for example only "metal branch" is marked, then this could just as well be a rolling mill or a car factory, an art-lock making or an ironware store. Therefore the most accurate possible answers are requested.

In Question 11b, the professional occupation should be described in addition in note form. If someone remarks that they are not able to describe their profession, then they should refer to the auxiliary questions from the explanations (on the fourth page of the household list). During the test census before the people's census, it was found that keyword descriptions of professions were very practical for the encoding of answers.

12. Exact description of occupation: ________

e.g. "bookkeeper" or "shoe salesman" - not "commercial employee"
"Mounting of video machines on assembly line" - not "unskilled worker"
Public-sector employees enter their use
e.g. "Contractual employee in social welfare service", "home carpenter", "street cleaner"

11 to 16. If several employments exist, please answer questions 11 to 16 for the job with the most working time. In case of a change of employment at the time of the census, please answer questions 11 to 16 for the situation on May 15, 1991. Persons who both attend a school and have an occupation answer questions 11 to 16, depending on whether they have defined themselves as "employed" or as "pupil, student" in question 10.

11. Status in employment: workers mark "skilled worker", "semi-skilled worker" or "unskilled worker", depending on their collective labor agreement placement in the business they are employed in.
A person is self-employed if he/she is not an employee but instead has a profession in his/her own account.
With/without employee: depending whether persons receiving wages or salaries are employed in the business or not. Self-employed persons whose only employees are family members who are not being formally paid, please mark "without employees".
Unpaid workers in a family business are working in the business of a family member without being formally paid.

12. Exact description of occupation: Your statements will be categorized in one of 300 different occupational groups, and we therefore ask you to be as precise as possible in describing your occupational activity.

Examples of precise description of occupation:

13. Branch of economic activity of the company or office: the branch of economic activity states to which branch the business or which you are working belongs to. Public service employees enter "federal administration", "provincial administration" or "municipal administration" depending on which government unit they are employed with.

14. Name of company or type of school you are presently attending: persons with several employers, cleaners) enter "several employers".

15 and 16. Address and journey to workplace or school: These questions are designed to describe your journey from your housing unit to your workplace or school. Teachers therefore state the school where they are teaching (school they are based at) and not e.g. School Inspection Authority.
Persons working in their house or on the same piece of property (e.g. janitors, farmers, homeworkers) or who live in the school building, mark the box "this house" for questions 15; these persons skip question 16.
If the workplace (school) is abroad, please state which country.
Persons with changing workplace (e.g. cleaning women, constructions workers) answer question 15 and 16 in accordance with the situation on May 15, 1991.
Persons who marked "not daily" in question 16a) can skip parts b and c.

11 to 16, occupational questions:
If several employment relationships exist, please answer question 11 to 16 for the profession with the most working hours.

If you are changing employment relationships at the time of the population census, please answer questions 11 to 16 for the situation on May 15, 1991.

Persons who are employed as well as attending a school, answer questions 11 to 16 depending on if they designated themselves as "employed" or "student, pupil" in question 10.

Purpose of the question:
The results of the populations census in occupational and economic areas are of great importance for the planning administration, the economy, research and the representation of interests, because they present a cross section of the total of all employed persons. Other surveys (like e.g. local unit of employment census or the social insurance institutes) also provide data in this area, but not with the diversity, objectivity, and regional subdivision and combination possibilities of the population census.

12, Exact description of occupation:
e.g.: "bookkeeper" or "shoe salesman" not "commercial employee," "Mounting of video devices on assembly line" not "unskilled worker."
Public servants enter their assignment: e.g. "contractual employee in social support service," "home carpenter," "street cleaner."

Your statements should be categorized into one of 300 different occupational groups, and we therefore ask you to be as precise as possible in describing your occupational activities.

Examples of precise description of occupation include: gas welder for steel construction parts, operator of data processing machines, men's shirt adjuster, glass cuter, operator of plastic processing machines, foreman of a dip-varnishing business, electrician for high-tension transmission lines, scientific researcher in the field of environmental protection.

Enumerator guideline:
The entries in this question are looked up in a dictionary-like directory, in order to be able to correctly code you for the processing with the computer. For a generally held entry such as "office worker" the processor does not know if the person should be classified as an authorized officer, bookkeeper, shorthand typist, paper sorter etc. Statements as precise as possible are asked for.

Purpose of the question:
With this question the field of activity that a person in a company supervises is depicted.

The population census is one of the most important, comprehensive data sources for analyses of occupational structure. It enables the depiction of occupations according to the place of residence as well as according to the place of work of the employed persons and reveals the locations of infrequent occupations.

The occupation practiced in comparison with the education completed is of importance for the predictions of the "replacement demand" or for the guidance of youth educational paths. Also analyzed are need calculations for individual occupational groups and occupations, with which measures for labor market advancement and directed occupational counseling are made possible. In addition, information about career change is gained, due to the connection between learned and practiced occupation.

The survey of the previous occupation of retired persons serves primarily to be able to classify the growing number of retired persons in the charts according to their previous job.

[Questions 12 - 15 were asked of persons gainfully employed]

13. Exact designation of occupation (you are currently in): ____

Questions 12 to 15:
Persons who marked one of the three "gainfully employed" boxes in question 11 must always answer questions 12 to 15 for this gainful employment regardless of the referrals to other questions. If you hold several jobs, please answer questions12 to 15 for the occupation involving the most working hours. If you are switching jobs at the time of the census, please answer questions 12 to 15 for your situation on 15 May 2001.

Question 12:
The "self-employed" (also freelances and professionals) are individuals who pursue their profession for their own account and are therefore not in an employment relationship as an employee.

Persons "helping in family business" are gainfully employed persons who are working in a business owned by a family member without receiving formal remuneration for this work.

Persons "under contract for work and services, freelance staff" are individuals who perform their work for their own account, similar to the self-employed.

Question 13:
Please select the designation (job title) that best describes your work (where possible, also the degree of responsibility you have within the business or operation).

Question 14:
Please indicate as precisely as possible the name of the business/establishment at which you work for item 14.1, its industry (branch of economic activity) for item 14.2.

Please write in 14.1 the complete company name (e.g. Robert Miller GmbH). If you own a business without a formal company name (e.g. farmer), enter your own name in question 14.1.

Persons with several employers enter the company where they work the most amount of time and answer the remaining questions for this company.

Question 15:
The information from questions 15.1 to 15.6 on going to work or school everyday can be used to determine traffic flows. If you go both to school and to work, you should answer the questions for going to work.

Re 15.1: Persons commuting once a week enter the address of their accommodations at their place of work/school. If you depart both from your main place of residence and other accommodations, please indicate the place from which you depart more frequently. In case of doubt, the situation on the reference date applies.

Re 15.2: Gainfully employed persons with telework positions who visit their company at least once a week should include commuter data for these trips to the company.

Re 15.4: Gainfully employed persons enter the address of their place of work where they start work everyday. In other words, it is not the address of the head office of the company that is to be entered but e.g. for sales staff the address of the branch and for teachers the address of the school (base school) at which they teach. Persons with variable places of work (e.g. traveling salesmen) are kindly asked to enter the address of the place of work where they receive their work assignment.

Re 15.5: Persons who switch the mode of transportation they use day to day should indicate the one most frequently used. In case of doubt, the situation on the reference date should be entered.
Car pools with alternating drivers should indicate the situation on the reference date.

Questions 12 through 15:
Explanation: Persons who marked one of the three "gainfully employed" boxes in question 11 must answer questions 12 to 15 in any case for this gainful employment regardless of the referrals to other questions. If you hold several jobs, please answer questions 12 to 15 for the occupation involving the most working hours. If you are switching jobs at the time of the census, please answer questions 12 to 15 for your situation on 15 May 2001.

The population census results by occupational and economic characteristics are of great importance for the planning administration, the economy, research and the representation of interests, because they present a cross section of the total of all gainfully employed persons. Other surveys (like e.g. local unit of employment census) or the social insurance institutes also provide information in this field, but not with the diversity, objectivity, and regional structural and combination possibilities of the population census.

13. Exact designation of occupation:
Explanation: Please select the designation (job title) that best describes your work (where possible, also the degree of responsibility you have within the business or operation).

Examples of precise work designations: Accounts clerk, Men's shirts packing machinist, Glass cutter, Foreman at dipping paint plant, Manager of retail shop, High voltage line installer, Planing machine operator, Scientific researcher in environmental protection.

This information should be classified into around 400 different occupational categories. For that reason, please make sure that the information is as precise as possible. For a generally held entry (e.g. office worker), an exact classification is not possible because one does not know if the person as should be entered as an authorized officer, bookkeeper, shorthand typist, paper sorter etc. The entries for this question should be coded with automation-support - with the help of systematic directories.

13. What is your position at your main activity?

___ (Specify in detail the name of your position, your occupation and duties)
___ (Specify the name of the enterprise and its economic activity)

Question 13. What was your post at your main activity?
Specify in detail the name of your post, occupation and duties

For all persons having work (i.e. who answered in positive to question 12 of the enumeration questionnaire) the name of the post, occupation or duties is to be recorded. For persons combining multiple jobs only the activity is to be recorded which the person questioned considers main.

The occupations are to be recorded in detail. One must not just record "director", "chief of department", "specialist", "trainee", "adviser", "expert", "master", "operator", "laboratory technician", but should indicate, for instance, "director for economy", "chief of the marketing department", "personnel specialist"," information protection expert", "hospital trainee", "adviser on economic questions", "legislative counsel", "expert physicist", "shot firer", "sound recordist", "analyst in chemistry laboratory".

If a person questioned was a director of small business, it should be indicated. For instance, "director of company, small business", "manager of hotel, small business", "commercial director, small business", "executive director, small business", etc.

For self-employed persons the name of their trade (occupation) is to be indicated, for instance, "tailoring", "shoemaker", "photographer", "dentist", "psychic", "vendor", etc.

If a person questioned was temporarily involved in the activity outside his main occupation, the main activity is to be recorded.

"Unskilled laborer" is to be recorded only for those engaged in different odd-jobs (excluding agricultural works), but in other cases the nature of work performed should be determined and recorded, for instance, "loader", "watchman", "cloakroom attendant", etc.

If a person was engaged in performing some definite duties in a state or collective farm or in farming holding, the name of his occupation is to be recorded. For example, "milkmaid", "cat hooker", "zootechnician", etc. If he/she was involved in performing various agricultural works and did not have a definite occupation, the name "plant-growing worker", "cattle breeding worker", etc. is to be recorded.

For persons only working without pay for their family business (store, farm or enterprise owned by relatives), the occupation should be recorded, in which they were engaged the most of time. For example, if a family worker is the most of time engaged in unloading of goods, the label "loader" is to be recorded for him.

For persons only working in their personal subsidiary plots and engaged in production of agricultural products, growing flowers, fishing, hunting, etc. aiming at further sale of that taken and produced, the labels "hog farmer", "vegetable grower", "bee-keeper", "flower gardener", "fish farmer", etc. should be recorded depending on the trade.

Specify the name of enterprise and its economic activity

After the names of the post, occupation and duties have been indicated, the name of the enterprises, in which a person questioned works, and its economic activity should be recorded because there are occupations having the same names but relating to different kinds of human activity.

The name of the enterprise, institution or organization, in which a person interviewed worked, should be recorded in full in order that it could be possible to determine the branch and economic activity. For instance, not the LLC "Rassvet", but the LLC cafe "Rassvet", not the JSC "Kommunarka" or "Factory "Kommunarka", but the "JSC confectionary plant "Kommunarka". In selected cases only the "Machine-building plant" or "Chemical factory" can be indicated.

If it is difficult to identify the economic branch by the name of enterprise, its economic activity should be indicated (e.g., LLC "Veta", marketing, CJSC (closed joint stock company) "Domkrat", construction, etc.).

For persons working in multi-industry organizations, for instance, in firms or concerns, not the name of the firm or concern itself is to recorded, but the name of a specific enterprise belonging to it (e.g., not the concern "Bellegprom" should be recorded, but a detailed name of an enterprise, trading organization, etc.). If a person questioned worked at an enterprise as a full-time official of trade union, etc., the name of the activity "trade union" is to be recorded.

For persons working in a personal service centre the name of a specific workshop, atelier, etc. should be recorded (e.g., "Shoe-repair store", "Sewing workshop", but not the "Personal service centre").

Names of enterprises and institutions should not be recorded as abbreviations (e.g., it is impermissible to specify MRGW instead of "Mechanical rubber goods works"). Only well-known abbreviations can be admitted (e.g., ?EE (research institute)).

If an enterprise is owned by a state or collective farm, the type of enterprise and the state or collective farm are to be recorded (e.g., "Brick-making plant of the state farm", "Barbershop of the collective farm").

For persons working in canteens, first-aid posts, barbershops, etc. attached to enterprises or institutions, the name of the canteen, first-aid post, barbershop, etc., but not the name of the enterprise or institution, workers of which they served, is to be recorded (e.g., "Canteen of the factory").

For persons engaged in own farming holding, the name "agriculture" is to be recorded.

For self-employed persons the economic activity should be indicated, for instance, "tailoring", "trading", etc.

For unpaid family workers or unpaid workers of farming holding a detailed name of the enterprise should be recorded or "agriculture".

For persons only engaged in developing own personal subsidiary plots, the label "Personal subsidiary plot" is to be indicated.

For ministers of religion and persons engaged in the field of religious faiths, the name of the religious service place is to be recorded (church, Roman-Catholic church, synagogue, monastery, etc.)

When going to question 14 of the enumeration questionnaire, the enumerator should remember that the answer is to be given for the occupation indicated in question 13 of the enumeration questionnaire.

Form 2H: Personal Questionnaire

Economic Characteristics (for persons 10 years or older) (Only for ordinary households)
[Columns 13-16]

(14) Profession___

Economic characteristics
The information classified under this broad rubric relates to the last 4 questions of the census.
The first set of information, column (13) "Type of activity" shall be asked to all persons of 10 or more years of age, without exception. This will allow classifying such persons either in the economically active population or the economically inactive population.
While the last 3 sets of information, columns (14), (15), and (16) shall only be asked to persons classified under the 2 types of activity: employed and unemployed. These sets of information provide more details on the population

Column (14): Profession
For "employed" persons, ask the following question: "What type of job have you had since the past month?" For the unemployed, ask what type of job he worked before becoming unemployed.
If need be, ask the person to describe his/her job. The census agent shall aim to obtain the maximum specificity (hierarchy etc.) because there exist many professions and thus vague responses would not be useful.
For persons with two or more professions, the census agent must only indicate the one that generates the most income.
[Example is not presented here]

Persons of 10 years or more of age
[Questions in columns 17 - 21 were asked of persons age 10 or older.]

(19) Profession____

II. How to fill out the questionnaire (Document RGPH 2 Number 1).

Columns (17) to (21): These columns are only for persons older than 10 i.e. born before February 1982.

Column (18): Occupation
For all questions related to occupation, the census agent shall refer to the 3-month period immediately preceding the interview.
Ask the following question to each person of 10 years or more of age: "Have you worked for at least one week in the last 3 months?"
The census agent shall then circle:

Note: a retired person or an annuitant who has helped a family member in his/her work or has performed another activity that generated him/her money shall be classified under the rubric of "OCC" i.e. employed. This is the case of retired persons who work in commerce or agriculture.
This question does not apply to those below 10 years of age during the census. The census agent must not note anything in this section for these persons.
Note: Apprentices are "employed"

For all persons
[Questions in columns 1 to 11 were asked of all persons]

Now we would like to ask for information on you and the persons habitually living in your household or currently residing in your home

Residents of 6 years or more of age
[Questions in columns 18 - 22 were asked of residents 6+ years old]

(20) Current Profession ____

iv) Economic Characteristics
For all questions related to economic activity, the census agent shall refer to the 3-month periods preceding the interview.

Column (20): Current profession
For persons currently active, ask the following question: "What is the current activity that most occupies [the respondent]?"
For the unemployed, as the following question" "What was the last activity that most occupied [the respondent]?"
Report the current profession that most occupied the interviewed person as well as the fruit of this activity during the reference period on the line and leave the boxes empty.
Example: tailor, cotton or corn cultivator, cattle or sheep stockbreeder, car or motorcycle mechanic, physician, loincloth, donut, or cola seller, truck or taxi driver, etc.
Notes:

Example

Residents of 6 years or more of age (questions 20 to 24)
[Questions 20-24 were asked of persons aged 6 years or older]

22. Current profession - What type of work has [the person] had for at least 7 days, continuously or otherwise, during the last 3 months? If [the person is] unemployed: What type of work has [the person] previously had prior to the last 3 months?

22. Current profession

Profession designates the type of work done by the employed person [or, in the case of an unemployed, the type of work done previously], regardless of the branch of economic activity or the occupation status of the person.
The type of work is described by the main tasks and attributions that are connected to it.

In the case of an employed person, ask:

Example: Loincloth saleswoman, donut salesman, pork breeder, school teacher, administrative secretary, data entry operator, zemidjan [Benin type of taxi] driver, university professor, physician, corn farmer, cotton farmer, road maintenance agent, etc.

NB:

C. Economic Information

Only for those 7 years of age and older

[Questions 13, 14 and 15 should be answered only by those who marked boxes 1, 2 or 3, per Question 12]

13. What was the principal occupation or job that you performed during the last week, or in your last job if unemployed?

C. Economic information

Questions 12, 13, 14 and 15 of Economic Information should be asked to all persons 7 years old or older.

Question 13. What is the principal occupation or job you worked last week or your last job if you were unemployed?

This question should only be asked to persons who answered 2 or 3 in question 12.

If the response that the informant gives is ambiguous or not very clear, request that they describe the job in detail and write down word for word what was said.

[p. 28]

Examples:

Only for those who marked one of the choices in part A in the previous question (15).
[Applies to questions 16-18.]

16. During the last week (or in your last job if unemployed), what was your principal occupation? Do not write worker or manual laborer without specifying more clearly. Write, for example: mining drill operator, automobile mechanic, grocery sales, potato grower, domestic employee, etc.

Question 16. During the past week (or in your last job if the person is unemployed), what was your main occupation?

a. For purposes of the census, the main occupation is the one that generates the most income.

If the person worked during the week in question, or didn't work but had a job, you will record the occupation that the person being enumerated reports as the main one.

Clarification: You should record the main occupation and not the profession. Example: A doctor that is in charge of a hospital, you should record: Hospital Director.

b. If the person looked for work having worked previously, you will record the last main job that they had.

If the answer that the informant gives is unclear or questionable, ask them to describe in some detail the job that they currently perform. Examples of incorrect and correct ways of recording the occupations are given below.

Incorrect recording: Teacher
Correct recording: Pre-school teacher, teacher of girl technical school, primary or elementary school teacher, university professor

Incorrect recording: Farmer
Correct recording: Farmhand, shepherd, beekeeper, poultry farmer, unskilled farm or dairy worker

Incorrect recording: Miner
Correct recording: Miner of metal deposits, mine driller, mine smearer, gathers minerals extracted from a mine

[p. 45]

Incorrect recording: Administrator
Correct recording: Event administrator, leisure activities administrator, hospital administrator

Incorrect recording: Builder
Correct recording: Master builder, formwork builder, construction foreman, bricklayer, tile layer, stuccoer

Incorrect recording: Shoemaker
Correct recording: shoe sewer, shoe repairer, puts heels on shoes

Incorrect recording: Repairer
Correct recording: Sewing machine repairer, industrial machine repairer, telephone line repairer

Incorrect recording: Director
Correct recording: Artistic or orchestra director, director and manager in a wholesale business, director and manager in a service business, director of an educational establishment

Incorrect recording: Seller
Correct recording: Retail seller of groceries, wholesale seller of groceries, fare agent

Incorrect recording: Mechanic
Correct recording: Automotive mechanic, mechanic-repairer of industrial machinery, dental, optical, etc., technician, auto-body worker

Incorrect recording: Engineer
Correct recording: Civil engineer for clean-up projects, civil engineer for building construction, agricultural, industrial, chemical engineer, electrical systems engineer

Chapter F. Only for persons seven years old or more.
[Questions 42-47 were asked of all persons seven years or older.]

45. During the past week, what was your main occupation?

Chapter F. Only for persons 7 years of age and older

If the person is 7 year of age or older, question 42 is presented. If younger than 7 years of age, the interview is ended and the next person is interviewed.

Question 45. During the last week, what was your principal occupation?

This question is an open question in which the principal occupation is written in the boxes with the most detail possible.

For example:

Small barley farmer.

If the person has two occupations to which the same amount of working time is dedicated, the occupation that the interviewed person considers to be principal is recorded. The most important characteristic is that the person recognizes it as his principal occupation.

The following is a list of some occupations in [Bolivia] and the correct manner to record them:

[The chart of occupations is not translated into English.]

F3. Only for people at least 7 years old

42. What was your principal occupation, job, or trade in the last week? ____

F3. Only for people at least 7 years old
Economic characteristics of the population

42. Principal occupation
The principal occupation, job, or trade means the type of work the employed person performed in the week before Census Day. The question about the principal occupation is an open-ended question, and the answer should be written down as clearly as possible in the appropriate line. For example, mine driller, auto mechanic, grocer, primary school teacher, call-shop operator.

(Questions 13 through 14 were asked of all present residents, persons aged 12 years and over)

14. What type of work did (the person) do?

Column [P14] occupation

Section A

(12 years and over)

12. During the past 30 days did [the respondent] work for cash?

13. Then what did [the person] do during the last 30 days?

14. Occupation

Column A14: Occupation

What type of work did [the respondent] do?

A person's occupation depends on the tasks and duties which the person performs. Remember that if a person worked at all during the past 30 days, whether for cash or not, and for however short a period, then you should try to find out what kind of work the person did. You should try to get the respondent to give both a job title and a two- or three-word description of the tasks performed. For example, if a person states that he is a mechanic, ask him what he repairs. You might record his response (in the unshaded area of column A14) as follows: "mechanic, fixes cars 11 or "mechanic, fixes radios". If you need more space use the block which says "Probe as necessary" at the top of column A14. You may also use the comments block.

If a person moved from job to job you should enter the most recent occupation even if it only lasted for a day or two. This may happen with people who are casual labourers.

If a person has more than one occupation, record the one on which he/she spends the most time. However, if someone has a temporary job during the school holidays - but has a permanent job during term time, it is their permanent occupation that should be described. A census enumerator or supervisor who is a school teacher during term time must therefore be described as "Primary School Teacher" or "Secondary School Teacher".

Probing for Better Occupational Information: You will usually have to probe the respondent to get good information about a person's occupation. For example, people who make things (bread, clothing, pottery, wood objects, tools, beer, food products, furniture, bricks, etc.) should be asked how they make them. It is important to find out whether they mostly use their hands or hand-held
[p.30]
tools, or whether they mostly produce these goods by operating machinery. A person who brews beer at home using traditional techniques belongs to a different occupational category than a person who operates a machine which ferments the grains used in making beer.

You should also probe when the information provided by the respondent does not seem reasonable. For example, if a person has only completed Form 4, it seems unlikely that he or she could be an auditor or an engineer. If you probe, you may discover that the person is actually an accounting clerk or an engineering assistant. Specific examples of how to probe for better occupational information are given on page 31.

In the sample questionnaire on page 26, the head of household works as a labourer in a mine, so "mine labourer" is written in the unshaded area under column A14. Anne, although she did not work for cash payment, did work in the lands as a farmer. The enumerator probed and found out that she was growing melons for family consumption. The response is recorded as "farmer" in the unshaded area under column A14, and the information obtained by further probing is recorded in the large block above as "grew melons for family consumption". The question does not apply to Mimi or to Molelo because they are under 12 years old, and it does not apply to Anthony because he is a student. Dashes are entered for them. David, who is self-employed, is a taxi driver, and that information is recorded in the unshaded area of column A14. Thembe has retired, so the question does not apply to her (a dash is entered).

[p.31]

Specific examples of how to probe for better occupational information:

[Column headings:]
(A) Response
(B) Suggested probing questions

(A) Builder
(B) Does [the respondent] build using mostly traditional materials and techniques?

(A) Brewer
(B) Where and how does [the respondent] make the beer? (at home or elsewhere using traditional techniques, in a commercial brewery using machines)

(A) Carpenter
(B) What kinds of things does [the respondent] make or build? (furniture, door and window frames, wood frames for houses, etc.)

(A) Cleaner
(B) What does [the respondent] clean? (streets, houses, offices, shoes, clothes)

(A) Clerk
(B) Does [the respondent] work in an office mostly or does [the respondent] mostly deal with customers? What kind of clerk is [the respondent]? (stock, production, accounting, bookkeeping, statistical, finance, transport, library, filing, mail sorting, coding)

(A) Driver
(B) What does [the respondent] drive? (car, taxi, bus, van, combi, lorry, truck, tractor, bulldozer, excavator, grader, scraper, compactor)

(A) Electrician
(B) What kinds of things does [the respondent] repair? (cars, electrical wires in buildings, electrical power lines, electrical equipment or appliances, electrical machinery)

(A) Engineer
(B) Does [the respondent] have a college degree in engineering? What kind of engineer is [the respondent]? (chemical, civil, construction, electrical, electronic, telecommunications, mechanical, mining)

(A) Farmer
(B) Does [the respondent] produce mostly animals or crops? What kind of animals does [the respondent] raise? (livestock, poultry, other) Does [the respondent] raise the animals (or grow the crops) mostly to sell them or for family consumption?

(A) Foreman supervisor
(B) What kinds of workers does [the respondent] supervise? Does [the respondent] help those he or she supervises to do the work? If so, what kind of work is it?

(A) Gardener
(B) In what kind of garden does [the respondent] work? (private home, commercial farm, commercial nursery) Are the things grown in the garden mostly consumed by the household or sold?

(A) Labourer
(B) Where does [the respondent] work as a labourer? (construction site, mine, factory, shop, shipping company, railroad, airport, farm, forest)

(A) Machine operator
(B) What kind of machine does [the respondent] operate?

(A) Manager
(B) In what kind of organisation is [the respondent] a manager? (government, humanitarian organisation, hospital, retail shop, compru1y, factory, bank, etc.) Does [the respondent] manage a whole company or a department in the company? What department does [the respondent] manage? (production, operations, other)

(A) Mechanic
(B) What does [the respondent] fix? (cars, refrigerators, air conditioners, other machines or equipment)

(A) Painter
(B) What does [the respondent] paint? (buildings, ceramics, artistic pah1tings, wood, cars, metal, interior walls)

(A) Salesperson
(B) What does [the respondent] sell? Where does [the respondent] sell? (shop, kiosk, market, street, from home)

(A) Scientist
(B) What kind of scientist is [the respondent]? (chemist, biologist, geologist, meteorologist, pharmacologist, botanist, zoologist, pathologist, agronomist)

(A) Security guard
(B) By whom is [the respondent] employed? (security firm, company, government, office, private individual, shop)

(A) Seller
(B) What does [the respondent] sell? Where does [the respondent] sell? (shop, kiosk, market stall, street, from home)

(A) Teacher
(B) At what level does [the respondent] teach? (pre-primary, primary, secondary, college, university, brigades, trade school, commercial school, computer academy)

(A) Technician
(B) What kind of technician is [the respondent]? (health, engineering, physical science, life science, computer, agronomy, forestry, veterinary)

All persons 12 years and over
[Questions A16-A26]

A25. (Occupation) What type of work did [the person] do in the past 7 days?

(Probe as necessary, use two or more words to describe the occupation)

109b. Column A16-A26: These questions apply only to persons aged 12 years and more. If the person is under 12 years of age, then when you reach column A16 you should put dashes in the shaded areas for columns A16 -- A32 and proceed to the next listed person in the household.

114. Column A24: Occupation

Q: What type of work did [the person] do in the past 7 days?

A person's occupation depends on the tasks and duties, which the person performs. Remember that if a person worked at all during the past 7 days, whether for cash or not, and for however short a period, then you should try to find out what kind of work the person did. You should try to get the respondent to give both a job title and a two- or three-word description of the tasks performed. For example, if a person states that he is a mechanic, ask him what he repairs. You should record his response in the unshaded area of column A24 as follows: "mechanic, fixes cars" or "mechanic, fixes radios". Use the comments box if you need more space.

If a person moved from job to job you should enter the most recent occupation even if it only lasted for a day or two. This may happen with people who are casual labourers.

If a person has more than one occupation, record the one on which he spends the most time. However, if someone has a temporary job during the school holidays - but has a permanent job during term time, it is his permanent occupation that should be described. A census enumerator or supervisor who is a schoolteacher during term time must therefore be described as "primary school teacher" or "secondary school teacher".

Probing for better occupational information: You will usually have to probe the respondent to get good information about a person's occupation. For example, people who make things (bread, clothing, pottery, wood objects, tools, beer, food products, furniture, bricks, etc.) should be asked how they make them. It is important to find out whether they mostly use their hands or hand-held tools, or whether they mostly produce these goods by operating machinery. A person who brews beer at home using traditional techniques belongs to a different occupational category from a person who operates a machine that ferments the grains used in making beer. (See probing examples below).

You should also probe when the information provided by the respondent does not seem reasonable. For example, if a person has only completed Form 4, it seems unlikely that he or she could be an auditor or an engineer. If you probe, you may discover that the person is actually an accounting clerk or an engineering assistant.

[Table in P. 37-41 of the original document which provides specific examples of how to probe for better occupational information and response suggested probing questions is omitted here]

A. Person Information

Economic activity

Occupation
23. What type of work did [the respondent] do in the past 7 days? To be precise, what were the main tasks and duties?

All Persons Aged 12 years and over

145. Column A18-A25
These questions apply only to persons aged 12 and years and over. If the person is less than 12 years of age, then when you reach column A16 you should put dashes in the shaded areas for columns A16-A31 and proceed to the next listed person in the household.

152. Column A24: Occupation
Q. What type of work did the respondent do in the past 7 days?
A person's occupation depends on the tasks and duties, which the person performs. Remember that if a person worked at all during the past 7 days, whether for cash or not, and for however short a period, then you should try to find out what kind of work the person did. You should try to get the respondent to give both a job title and a two- or three-word description of the tasks performed. For example, if a person states that he/she is a mechanic, ask him/her what he/she repairs.

You should record his/her response in the unshaded area of column A24 as follows: "mechanic fixes cars" or "mechanic, fixes radios". Use the comments box if you need more space. If a person moved from one job to another, you should enter the most recent occupation even if it only lasted for a day or two. This may happen with people who are casual laborers. If a person has more than one occupation, record the one on which he/she spends most of his/her time. However, if someone has a temporary job during the school holidays - but has a permanent job during term time-it is his/her permanent occupation that should be described. A census enumerator or supervisor who is a schoolteacher during term time must therefore be described as "primary school teacher" or "secondary school teacher".

You will usually have to probe the respondent to get good information about a person's occupation. For example, people who make things (bread, clothing, pottery, wood objects, tools, beer, food products, furniture, bricks, etc.) should be asked how they make them. It is important to find out whether they mostly use their hands or hand-held tools, or whether they mostly produce these goods by operating machinery. A person who brews beer at home using traditional techniques belongs to a different occupational category from a person who operates a machine that ferments the grains used in making beer. (See probing examples below). You should also probe when the information provided by the respondent does not seem reasonable. For example, if a person has only completed Form 4, it seems unlikely that he/she could be an auditor or an engineer. If you probe, you may discover that the person is actually an accounting clerk or an engineering assistant.

[Table omitted]

Only for people who worked in the year prior to the census date
[Applies to questions V - Z]

V. Occupation, profession, office, duty, function, etc, that was exercised for the longest time in the year before the census date (see codes; only write the name of the occupation if you don't find it in Code List 3)

The following questions will only be asked of those persons who worked during the year preceding the date of the census
(September 1, 1959, to August 31, 1960)
[Applies to questions V - Z]

Question V - Occupation, profession, position, function, etc. which the respondent exercised for the longest time during the year preceding the date of the Census

This question has the objective of investigating the occupation that the respondent habitually exercises, habitual occupation being understood as that in which the respondent was occupied during most of the year.
In most cases, the habitual occupation coincides with that exercised on the date of the Census.
It may happen, however, that on the date of the Census the person is exercising an occupation different than his or her habitual occupation. In this case, the following will be recorded:

One should not confuse habitual occupation with professional specialization. For example, a bank manager or a high-school teacher who is a trained physician or lawyer will declare his or her habitual occupation, and not the profession in which he or she is licensed and/or trained (physician or lawyer). Vague and generic expressions should be avoided (farm worker, assistant, commercial worker, teacher, bank worker, government employee, factory worker, worker, domestic help, liberal professional, military man). Specific designations should rather be used, such as: foreman, field hand, cowboy, office assistant, statistical assistant, salesperson, cashier, traveling salesman, primary teacher, high-school teacher, college teacher, office boy, administrative official, scribe, accountant, chemist, economist, engineer, hackler (flax comber), welder, boilersmith, overseer, carpenter, hod carrier, cook, nanny, physician, lawyer, priest, captain, etc.

[p. 37]

If the person habitually exercises a remunerated activity, and on the date of the Census, is unemployed, on leave or vacation, or even in jail awaiting sentence, he or she should state his or her habitual occupation. A person who exercises two or more economic occupations concurrently should indicate that which occupies most of his or her time.
When obtaining the respondent's declaration, the enumerator will consult the list of codes found on the left-hand side of the questionnaire (Code 3 for Question V), and will record the code corresponding to the habitual occupation. The enumerator should write out the information in full only if the declaration and respective code are not shown on the list.

Only for people who worked in the 12 months prior to the census date (Sept-1-1969 through Aug-31-1970) or who are seeking work (response 7 in #22)
[Applies to questions 23 - 28]

23. Occupation, profession, task, function, etc, that was exercised for the longest time

Question 23 - Occupation, profession, position, function, etc. that the person has exercised for the longest time

(Only for persons age 10 or over who worked during the twelve months prior to the date of the Census - 9/1/1969 to 8/31/1970 - or are looking for work for the 1st time)

Record:

a) the usual occupation, that is, that in which the respondent was occupied during most of the year, even if, on the date of the Census, he or she is unemployed, on vacation, prisoner awaiting judgment, or doing temporary work, as is common among farm workers who, at certain times of the year, work in sugar plants, processing machines, etc.

One should not confuse habitual occupation with professional specialization. For example, a bank manager or a high-school teacher who is a trained physician or lawyer will declare his or her habitual occupation, and not the profession in which he or she is licensed and/or trained (physician or lawyer).

Vague and generic expressions should not be accepted, such as Farm Worker, Assistant, Commercial Worker, Teacher, Bank Worker, Government Employee, Factory Worker, Worker, Domestic Help, Liberal Professional, or Military Man to identify occupations. The correct recording would be: Foreman, Field Hand, Cowboy, Office Assistant, Statistical Assistant, Salesperson, Cashier, Traveling Salesman, Primary Teacher, High-school Teacher, College Teacher, Office Boy, Administrative Official, Scribe, Accountant, Chemist, Economist, Engineer, Hackler (Flax Comber), Welder, Boilersmith, Overseer, Carpenter, Hod Carrier, Cook, Nanny, Physician, Lawyer, Priest, Captain, etc.

b) the occupation exercised on the date of the Census, when the new occupation, different from the usual, has been taken up as definitive;

[p. 44]

c) first time, when the person is looking for work for the 1st time.

Respondents who exercise two or more economic occupations concurrently should indicate that which occupies most of their time.

The following questions are to be filled out only for the person 10 years or older
[Applies to questions 25 -49]

30. Occupation, profession, task, function, etc, that was exercised for the longest time
(If changed occupations definitively note current occupation)

The following questions will only be filled out for persons age 10 or over, that is, those born before September 1, 1970.

[Applies to questions 25-49]

Question 30 - What occupation, profession, position, function, etc. the person regularly exercised during the last 12 months

This entry will be for the usual occupation that the enumerated person exercised between 9/1/1979 and 8/31/1980.
Usual occupation is considered that exercised during most of the referred period.
When a person has changed occupations and intends this change to be permanent, the occupation he or she exercised last will be recorded, regardless of the time spent on each during this period. Included in this case are persons who changed occupations or functions due to promotion or change in career, such as:

When the person has changed occupations, but the change is transitory due to circumstantial or seasonal factors, the usual occupation will be entered and not the transitory occupation, such as:


When the person simultaneously exercises different occupations, the main occupation should be recorded.
Main occupation is considered that which occupies the greatest number of the person's hours per week or, if this number is the same, that which provides the highest income, such as:

For persons on vacation or on leave, even if they were exercising another occupation, the usual occupation will be recorded and not that exercised temporarily during vacation or leave.
Occupation should not be confused with professional specialization. For example, for a commercial director with a degree in economics, or a high school teacher with a degree in medicine, the entries will be, respectively: Commercial director and High school teacher.
Vague or generic answers which do not correctly characterize the person's occupation should not be recorded.
Some examples are given below:

Incorrect entry: Agent
Correct entry: Railroad station agent, travel agent, advertising agent, etc.

Incorrect entry: Assistant
Correct entry: Office assistant, kitchen assistant, stock assistant, etc.

Incorrect entry: Bank worker
Correct entry: Bank cashier, file clerk, accountant, etc.

Incorrect entry: Commercial worker
Correct entry: Shop attendant, invoice clerk, merchandise placer, etc.

Incorrect entry: Government employee
Correct entry: Attendant, administrative official, stock clerk, etc.

Incorrect entry: Mechanic
Correct entry: Automobile mechanic, mechanic for calculators, aircraft mechanic, etc.

Incorrect entry: Factory worker
Correct entry: Carpenter, welder, hod carrier, etc.

Incorrect entry: Teacher
Correct entry: Primary teacher [Grades 1-8], high school teacher [grades 9-11], university teacher or professor, gym teacher, etc.

Incorrect entry: Farm worker
Correct entry: Hoe worker, cotton picker, sugar cane cutter, etc.

For employees and for persons who are self-employed or without remuneration, the occupation, profession, position, function, etc., which they exercised, will be recorded.
If the person is engaged in farming, either individually or only with the help of a resident of the household who is not paid for the work, record respectively Field hand or Animal raiser.
If the person has a commercial establishment, individually or only with the help of a non-remunerated person, record Commercial businessman.
Liberal professionals (Doctors, Dentists, Lawyers, Engineers, etc.), who employ up to 2 attendants or nurses in their offices should record their profession.

[p.54]

For Employers (partners or tenants) who are owners of establishments, firms or companies where they work (condition of being owner and employer), the entry should indicate this condition, such as Ranch owner, Chicken-farm owner, Owner of industry, Store owner, Barbershop owner, Clinic owner, Transportation company owner, etc
Below are some examples to better clarify these situations:

Situation: Barber, barbershop employee
Correct entry: Barber

Situation: Barber, barbershop owner, working only with the help of a non-remunerated son or daughter
Correct entry: Barber

Situation: Barber, working with his father without receiving remuneration
Correct entry: Barber

Situation: Barber, owner of a barbershop, working with the help of employees
Correct entry: Barbershop owner

46. Occupation, profession, task, function, etc., that was exercised for the longest time. (If changed occupations definitively note current occupation)

____

Question 46 - What occupation, profession, position, function, etc. the person regularly exercised during the last 12 months or during part them
This entry will be for the usual occupation that the enumerated person exercised between 9/1/1989 and 8/31/1990.
Usual occupation is considered that exercised during most of the referred period.
When a person has changed occupations and intends this change to be permanent, the occupation he or she exercised last will be recorded, regardless of the time spent on each during this period. Included in this case are persons who changed occupations or functions due to promotion or change in career, such as:

1st case - A farm worker who emigrated to the city and went to work as a hod carrier in the construction of a building;
2nd case - A billing clerk in an industrial company who was promoted to Accounting Technician;
3rd case - An office helper at a bank who was promoted to the position of cashier.

When the person has changed occupations, but the change is transitory due to circumstantial or seasonal factors, [p. 76] the usual occupation will be entered and not the transitory occupation, such as:

1st case - For a farm worker who, during the time between planting and harvesting, worked in a village as a stone mason, woodcutter, etc., record, as the case may be, Hoe worker, Cotton picker, etc.;
2nd case - For a farm worker who, during certain periods, works at a machine at a sugar plant, etc., the occupation of farm worker will be recorded;
3rd case - For a driver who, unable to work in his profession, is exercising some other occupation until he is again able to work as a driver, the occupation of Driver will be recorded;
4th case - For a specialized worker who, when unable to find a placement in his or her profession, is exercising another occupation, will be recorded, as the case may be: Welder, Cabinet maker, Weaver, etc.

When the person simultaneously exercises different occupations, the main occupation should be recorded.
Main occupation is considered that which occupies the greatest number of the person's hours per week or, if this number is the same, that which provides the highest income, such as:
[Type] /Occupation / Hours / Income Cr$
Main / Teacher / 24 / 1,200.00
Secondary / Doctor / 12 / 3,000.00
Main / Journalist / 21 / 4,000.00
Secondary / Lawyer / 21 / 2,000.00
For persons on vacation or on leave, even if they were exercising another occupation, the usual occupation will be recorded and not that exercised temporarily during vacation or leave.
Occupation should not be confused with professional specialization. For example, for a commercial director with a degree in economics, or a high school teacher with a degree in medicine, the entries will be, respectively: Commercial director and High school teacher.
[p. 77]
Vague or generic answers which do not correctly characterize the person's occupation must not be recorded.
[List of examples on page 77 was not translated into English]
For employees and for persons who are Self-employed or without remuneration, the occupation, profession, position, function, etc., which they exercised, will be recorded.
If the person is engaged in farming, either individually or only with the help of a resident of the household who [p. 78] is not paid for the work, record respectively Field hand or Animal raiser.
If the person has a commercial establishment, individually or only with the help of a non-remunerated person, record Commercial businessman.
Liberal professionals (Doctors, Dentists, Lawyers, Engineers, etc.), who employ up to 2 attendants or nurses in their offices should record their profession.
For Employers (partners or tenants) who are owners of establishments, firms or companies where they work (condition of being owner and employer), the entry should indicate this condition, such as Ranch owner, Chicken-farm owner, Owner of industry, Store owner, Barbershop owner, Clinic owner, Transportation company owner, etc.
Below are some examples to better clarify these situations:
Situation: Barbershop employee
Correct entry: Barber
Situation: Barber, barbershop owner, working only with the help of a non-remunerated son or daughter
Correct entry: Barber
Situation: Barber, working with his father without receiving remuneration
Correct entry: Barber
Situation: Barber, barbershop owner working with the help of employees
Correct entry: Barbershop owner

For persons 10 years old or older (born until July 31, 1990)
[Applies to questions 4.36 - 4.61]

Attention: Criteria for defining the week's principal job:

For persons age 10 or over (born on or before July 31, 1990)
[Applies to questions 4.36 - 4.61]

Question 4.45 - What occupation did you exercise in your main work during the week of July 23 to 29, 2000?

Occupation is understood as the function, position, profession or trade performed by a person in an activity economic.

For persons who permanently replaced the work they had with another during the week of reference, consider the information related to the more recent work.

Do not confuse occupation with specialization or professional training. Therefore:

• a person trained in mathematics who is administering a public school will have public school principal as occupation; and
• a person trained in psychology who is exercising the function of a teller at a bank will have bank teller as occupation.

[pg. 123]

It is essential that the record of the occupation clearly express the work exercised by the person. Therefore, generic entries should be avoided, such as:

• Teacher is a generic entry. The correct entry would be dancing teacher, primary school teacher, junior high school teacher, senior high school teacher, university professor;
• Salesman is a generic entry. The correct entry would be company salesman, candy peddler, street market vendor, shop salesperson; and
• Painter is also a generic entry. The correct entry would be wall painter, automobile painter, or landscape painter.

6. Resident characteristics

Work and earnings
For persons aged 10 years or older
[Questions 6.41 to 6.59 were asked for persons 10 years of age or older.]

[Questions 6.45 to 6.53 were asked for persons who reported working for pay, being temporarily away from a paid job, or helping another member of the household with a paid job during the reference week.]

Questions 6.46 to 6.49 should refer to the single or main job that the person had during the reference week.

6.46 What was your occupation in the job? ____

Work and Income
For residents 10 years of age or older

Questions 6.46 to 6.48 refer to the main or only work that the person had on the week in reference.

6.46 - What was the main duty your work required?

This question investigates the main duty a person had in a single job or main job during the week in reference.
The main duty that a work requires is the occupation, position, profession or activity that the person exercises.

If the person was temporarily away from paid work on the week in reference, the record must refer to the occupation that the person exercised regularly.

Some aspects should be considered to record the main duty:

[page 246]

• A person trained in economics must be recorded as the manager of sales department, provided that it is the main duty he/she has at work,
• A person trained in medicine should be recorded as a professor of higher education, provided that it is the main duty he/she has at work.

[page 247]

• A Military Police captain worked in the military as a doctor. This person must be registered as captain of the Military Police, and
• A colonel in the Air Force worked as a pilot. This person must be registered as a colonel in the Air Force.

One should be careful to adequately describe specific occupations in this group, in case that you record jobs with one word or in short form, as it can be confused with another occupational level.

Some examples of complete records are: state legislator, president of public policy, military, national consul, municipal secretary, diplomat, secretary of State, minister of State, etc.

For people employed in the public sector (federal, state or local) and that, during the reference period, were transferred to another sector, the record of occupation and activity will be the sector of origin. However, if the person was occupying a commissioned position, the record of occupation and activity will be the sector in which the person was transferred.

The occupation must be specifically recorded to enable accurate identification. Records such as a mechanic, (...)

[page 248]

(?) analyst, consultant, marketing, worker, operator, assistant, helper, machine operator, general assistant are generic and vague descriptions, since it is impossible to classify the person's occupation.

[Table with examples of general and specific categories, omitted]

[page 249]

Attention!
If a resident gives you a generic description, ask about the specific job he/she does. It is important that you record the job correctly.

Residents 10 years of age and older
[Questions 9-15 were asked for residents age 10 and older.]

Economic activity

12. Principal occupation ____

Attention: Columns 12 to 15 only apply to those persons employed or unemployed but looking for employment (OCC and CHO). In each case, they should describe their last job. For the other categories (QUE, POF, ETU, RET, INV, AUT), record a dash in these columns.

Column twelve - principal occupation:

- For an employed person, the principal occupation corresponds to the type of work actually performed during the reference period to which the person dedicated the most of their time.

- For people unemployed but looking for a job, we will consider their last job worked as their principal occupation (this applies to those who have previously been employed). It is concerned with the profession performed by the person being counted, not their rank, function or the job they were trained to do.

[p. 32]

Notes:

If the person being interviewed is a government worker, it is necessary to probe the person in order to obtain a detailed description of the work they perform.

Attention: In rural areas, the principal occupation is that performed during the rainy season.

Residents age 10 years or older:
[Questions P18 to P22 were asked for persons 10 years of age or older who were household residents.]

Principal occupation:
P19. What is the occupation at which [person] spent the most time over the last seven days?

15 Main Activity (Enter Code from list below)

Main activity during last year

Codes for Column 15 Main Activity During Last Year
1 Employed (Fill in Cols. 16 to 20)
2 Unemployed (Employed any time before - Fill in Cols. 16 to 20 for last employment)
3 Unemployed (Never employed any time before)
Inactive
4 Homemaker
5 Student
6 Dependent
7 Rent-receiver, retired or other income recipient
8 ___ Other (Specify)
(For codes 3 to 8, put dash ( - ) in Cols. 16 to 20)]

___ 17 Occupation (Name of Occupation)

Columns 15 to 20 on Economic Characteristics of Population

97. These columns relate to the economic characteristics of population both male and female. Information proposed to be collected on economic characteristics of population includes information on economically active and economically not active population. Economically active population includes those who are employed and unemployed. Economically inactive population includes home makers; full time students; dependents; rent-receivers, retired people and other categories of income recipients; and others who are neither employed nor unemployed and also do not come under any of the inactive categories mentioned. The reference period for this is the last one year.

Columns 16 to 20

99. Information in these Columns should be filled-in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 15) or unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 15. For unemployed (not employed before) i.e. Code 3 in Column 15 and inactive population i.e. any Code from 4 to 8 in Column 15, no information can be furnished in Columns 16 to 20 and hence enter dash (--) in each of these Columns for these persons. Following are the instructions for filling-in Columns 16 to 20 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 15. The information to be filled-in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 15). In the case of unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 15, the information to be filled-in will relate to last employment held by that person.

Column 17: Occupation

101. Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager etc.).

Form B: Household questionnaire Part 2

[20] Occupation ____ _ _ _

75. Columns 18 to 23
Information in these Columns should be filled-in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 18) or unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 18. For unemployed (not employed before) i.e. Code 3 in Column 18 and inactive population i.e. any Code 4 from 4 to 8 in Column 18, no information can be furnished in Column 18 to 23 and hence enter dash (-) in each of these Columns for these persons. Following are the instructions for filling-in Column 18 to 23 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 18. The information to be filled-in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 18). In the case of unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 18, the information to be filled-in will relate to last employment held by that person.

77. Column 20: Occupation
Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager etc.)
77.1 You must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/ she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator etc. Do not write "Casual Laborer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/ she was a construction worker, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/ she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/ she was doing mostly (i.e. most time) and record the same.

18. Occupation (name of occupation) ____

[Question 18 was asked of persons who have ever worked, as per question 16.]

Columns 16 to 21 on Economic Characteristics of Population

98. These columns relate to the economic characteristics of population both male and female. Information proposed to be collected on economic characteristics of population include information on economically active
[p.37]
and economically not active population. The economically active population includes those who are employed and unemployed. The economically inactive population includes those who are mainly home makers, full-time students, dependents, rent-receivers, retired people and other categories of income recipients; and others who are neither employed or unemployed and also do not come under any of the inactive categories mentioned. The reference period for this is the one year or 12 months before the census night, that is from 4 March 2007 to 3 March 2008. This is also referred to as last year or last one year in this instruction manual.

Columns 17 to 21

100. Information in these Columns should be filled in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 16) or unemployed (employed before) (Code 2 in Column 16). For unemployed (not employed before) (Code 3 in Column 16) and mainly inactive population (any Code from 4 to 8 in Column 16), no information can be furnished in Columns 17 to 21 and hence enter dash (-) in each of these Columns for these persons. The following are the instructions for filling in Columns 17 to 21 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 16. The information to be filled in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 16). In the case of unemployed (employed before) (Code 2 in Column 16), the information to be filled in will relate to last employment held by that person.

Column 18: Occupation

102. Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager, etc.).

102.1 You must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator, etc. Do not write "Casual Laborer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/she was a construction worker, loader, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/she was doing mostly and record this.

For all persons
[Questions 10 to 25 were asked of all persons]

[Question 20 to 24 were asked of persons who have ever worked, as per question 19]

21. Occupation ____ _ _ _

72. Column 19 to 25 on economic characteristics of population

These questions should be asked of all persons irrespective of age. These columns relate to the economic characteristics of population, both male and female. Information is proposed to be collected on economic characteristics of population. Economically active population includes those who are employed and unemployed (including those available for work or seeking work). Economically inactive population includes home makers; full time students; dependents; rent-receivers, retired people and other categories of income recipients; and others who are neither employed nor unemployed and also do not come under any of the inactive categories mentioned. The reference period for this is the one year or 12 months before the survey night, that is from 4 March 2012 to 3 March 2013. This is also referred to as last year or last one year in this instruction manual.

74. Columns 20 to 24

Information in these columns should be filled-in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in column 19) or unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in column 19. For unemployed (not employed before) i.e. Code 3 in column 19 and inactive population i.e. any code from 4 to 8 in column 19, no information can be furnished in columns 20 to 24 and hence enter dash (-) in each of these columns for these persons. Following are the instructions for filling-in columns 20 to 24 for a person for whom code 1 or 2 is given in column 19. The information to be filled-in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in column 19). In the case of unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in column 19, the information to be filled-in will relate to last employment held by that person.

[p. 33]

76. Column 21: occupation

Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager, taxi driver etc.)

76.1 you must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/ she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator etc. Do not write "Casual Labourer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/ she was a construction worker, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/ she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/ she was doing mostly (i.e. most time) and record the same.

Form B household questionnaire part 2

Individual particulars
[This section except for questions 6 and 8 are to be completed by all persons]

[Questions 17-22 of this section are to be answered by persons aged 5 years and older]

19. Occupation

Population 4 years old or older

Ask only those who have worked during the reference period (WK) and those without work having already worked (UN). For the others, mark with the line.

22) Employment

Mark clearly the job occupied [Example omitted]

b) Column 17 to 25:

To be filled out individually for the people ages 4 and over (mark a line in column 17 to 25 for children under 4.

N.B. Columns on employment (columns 22 to 24)

These columns are only to be filled out for people having worked during the reference week (WK in column 21) and for people without employment already having worked, in search of a new job (UN in column 21). For all others, mark a line from column 22 to column 24.

Column 22: Employment:

For people having worked during the week of reference (WK), mark the job done during this period.

For people without jobs, having already worked and looking for another job (UN), mark the last job done.

The response to column 22 (what job do you do?) should specify the nature of the task accomplished by the person.

Generally, the best description of the occupation of the person is the name of the task; for example, "auto mechanic". When the title of the occupation or the job is vague, do not hesitate to ask for more information to better mark his job: for example if the person tells you he or she is a doctor, ask him if he is a medical doctor, a veterinarian, or a dentist.

If you do not know a job title that you are given by a person you are interviewing or if you find it strange, you should mark it as such, if the person is certain that the title is correct.

Clearly mark the job of each person. Example: coffee planter (for a person who gets a large part of their income from the cultivation of coffee);

N.B. Responses like the responses below should not be allowed.

Economic activity for persons aged 6 years and above
[Questions 27 to 33 were asked of persons aged 6 years and older.]

30. Occupation
What is the person's main status in the work being done? _ _ _

Questions (Questions 27-33) related to the economic activity are only ask to people 6 years old and older

30. Employment
Employment is the regular activity done by the surveyed person over the course of the last 7 days preceding the survey agent's visit to the household.

Q30. For those who worked during the reference week: What job did ______ do? For those without employment already having worked: What was ______'s last job?

Following the registration order:

NB. Clearly mark the nature of the job that the person did during the reference week or that the person did before ending up unemployed.

[Examples omitted]
NB. Avoid vague responses like:

[Questions 22-40 were asked of persons age 15+, per question 21.]

Questions 33-38 refer to your job or business last week. If none, answer for your job of longest duration since January 1, 1970.
[Questions 33-38 were asked of persons 15+ who worked in 1970 or 1971, per question 32.]

36. Occupation

33 to 38.
If you had a job last week, answer these questions for your job last week even if you were absent from work because of temporary lay-off, illness, vacation, labour dispute, training courses, etc.
Answer the questions for the same job. If you had more than one job last week, give information for the one at which you worked the most hours.
If you had no job or business last week (with or without pay), give the information for your job of longest duration since January 1, 1970.

36. The three parts of this question refer to your occupation in the industry reported in Question 35. More than one question is required to ensure that people doing similar work will be put in the same occupational group in our statistics. Office workers may be mainly filing, typing, or calculating payrolls; professional such as engineers or lawyers may be working in their profession or in managerial positions; factory workers may be sewing garments, operating drill presses or acting as foreman of such operations, etc. Try to distinguish between the general kind of work you are doing, your most important activities or duties and your job title, i.e., the term used by the business or organization for you position. Be as precise as you can. One-word descriptions are often not complete. Some examples of complete and incomplete entries for parts (a), (b) and (c) of Question 36 are as follows:
[p. 17]

[Questions 31-46 were asked of persons age 15+, per question 30.]

Note: Questions 41 to 44 refer to your job or business last week. If none, answer for your job of longest duration since January 1, 1980. If you held more than one job last week, answer for the job at which you worked the most hours.

43. a. What kind of work were you doing? ________

(b) In this work, what were your most important activities or duties? ________

STEP 10: Answer Questions 20 to 45 for each person aged 15 and over.

Note: Questions 36 to 42 refer to this person's job or business last week. If this person held no job last week, answer for the job of longest duration since January 1, 1990. If this person held more than one job last week, answer for the job at which he/she worked the most hours.

39. What kind of work was this person doing?

40. In this work, what were this person's most important duties or activities?

Answer Questions 20 to 45 for each person aged 15 and over, that is, for each person born before June 4, 1976.

Questions 39 and 40: Kind of work and most important duties

23. Answer questions 24 to 51 for each person aged 15 and over.

Remember, these questions are only for persons aged 15 and over.
Note: Questions 40 to 48 refer to this person's job or business last week. If this person held no job last week, answer for the job of longest duration since January 1, 2000. If this person held more than one job last week, answer for the job at which he/she worked the most hours.
[Questions 40-50 were asked of persons who have worked for pay after 2000, per question 39.]
40. For whom did this person work?

41. What kind of business, industry or service was this?

42. What was this person's work or occupation?

43. In this work, what were this person's main activities?

[Questions 34 to 50 collect information on paid work done by people aged 15 and older.]

[p. 19]

Labour market activities

39. When did this person last work for pay or in self-employment, even for a few days?

Note: Questions 40 to 49 refer to this person's job or business during the week of May 1 to May 7, 2011. If this person held no job, answer for the job of longest duration since January 1, 2010. If this person held more than one job, answer for the job at which he or she worked the most hours.

[Questions 40-52 were asked of persons age 15+ who last worked for pay or in self-employment in 2011 or 2010, per question 39.]

42. What was this person's work or occupation? ____

43. In this work, what were this person's main activities? ____

Labor market activities
Questions 34 to 45 and 49 to 51 provide information on Canada's workforce including the industries and occupations in which they work, as well as the language used at work. Employment information is used to assess the economic conditions of communities and specific populations such as Aboriginal Peoples and immigrants. Industry and occupation information is used to forecast job opportunities.

Retired persons
All persons who did not work any hours during the week of May 1 to May 7, 2011 (answered 'none' to question 34), should answer questions 34 to 39 even if the reason they did not work was because they retired.

All persons who did any work for pay or in self-employment between January 1, 2010 and May 7, 2011 should answer questions 40 to 51, even if they are retired at the time of the survey.

Recent immigrants
Persons who did not have a job during the week of May 1 to May 7, 2011, but who have worked since January 1, 2010, should answer questions 34 to 39 for the last job they held even if it was in another country and continue with questions 40 to 51.

Question 39 -- Last date of work
Include only:

Do not include:

Question 42 -- Occupation or work
Give specific descriptions of the occupation or work done.

For example, 'electrical equipment maintainer' would be a more complete response than 'maintenance'; and 'auto mechanic helper' would be a more complete response than 'helper'.

Question 43 -- Main activities at work
Report the main activities this person does in his or her job. Be sure to indicate supervisory or management responsibilities if they apply.

For persons who are members of a religious order engaged in teaching or nursing, report these specific activities rather than the religious activities.

For all individuals 12 years of age and older. [applies to questions 15-18]

16. Occupation ____

Column 16: Occupation on the day of the Census. Write down the specific profession, trade, or type of job practiced on the day of the census, only for people classified in the previous column (Column 15), under one of the following groups: "Employed" (OC), "Unemployed" (CE), and "Seeking work for the first time" (BT).

Avoid vague designations such as: assistant, manual laborer, machinist, office worker, seller, etc.; instead, use designations that give the best possible idea of the person's occupation, for example: agricultural engineer, movie projectionist, fruit vendor, travel agent, cobbler's apprentice, etc.

There are some manual labor, artisan, and professional occupations that are precise simply by nature of their name, like: carpenter, bricklayer, plumber, physician, attorney, etc.

Certain commercial occupations, however, require more specific information, such as: selling agent, counter attendant, etc. Also, in the case of office workers, clarify if the person is a typist, cashier, treasurer, accountant, filing-clerk, etc.

In the case of professionals like physicians, attorneys, engineers, etc., that profession should normally be recorded. However, there are cases where these people don't practice those professions and instead devote themselves to other activities. For example, an attorney who works solely in bank management; a physician who devotes himself exclusively to teaching in a university. In these cases, record the latter profession, such as manager or university professor, as the case may be. For government employees write down their specific occupations, in accordance with the examples given previously, avoiding the designation "public employee."

If the person is a member of the armed forces, (not including police officers), whatever the class or rank, record "Military."

For domestic workers, it should be specified whether they are, for example, a cook, launderer, nanny, butler, etc. Likewise, for those who perform agricultural activities, the term "farmer" should be reserved for those who operate a farming/livestock facility, and not for those who perform general activities in the capacity of administrators, [p. 39] cowboys, shepherds, tractor-operators, cheesemakers, milkers, unskilled laborers, etc., for whom should be written down their specific occupation.

For unemployed people (Group "CE"), record the last occupation practiced.

For people who are seeking work for the first time (Group "BT"), record the profession, trade, or type of work for which they are qualified or prepared or, if they are not qualified or prepared for any, simply record: "none." Once this notation has been made, the census has ended for this group of people. Draw a horizontal line across columns 17 and 18 of the corresponding entries on the enumeration form for these people.

III Economic Characteristics

Only for those 12 years of age and older.

14. Principal occupation: For those who answered 0, 1 and 2 in question number 13.

What occupation, position, profession or type of work did you engage in the week of April 13th to the 18th, or before in the case of an unemployed person?
(Examples: bricklayer, doctor, auto mechanic, tractor driver, etc.)

Question No. 14--Main Occupation

What trade, profession, or type of work was performed the week of April 13 to 18, or before in the case of an unemployed person?

You should ask this question only of people who worked or didn't work but were employed (boxes 0 and 1 from question 13) and of those who looked for work and had worked before (box 2 from question 13). The response should be noted in the space reserved for this purpose opposite the question.

[p. 38]

If the person being enumerated reports having more than one occupation, you should record only their main occupation.

"Main Occupation" means the one that provides the greatest income.

In the case of a person who worked before but wasn't employed during the week of April 13 to 18 (unemployed), record the "last occupation."

Avoid vague designations such as: assistant, machinist, office worker, seller, etc.

Use designations that give the best possible idea of the person's occupation, for example: agricultural engineer, fruit vendor, taxi driver, typist etc.

For all those age 15 and older

11. Describe the occupation that you have, or had, if you are unemployed.
Ex: Builder (bricklayer), Doctor, Manager, Director, Tailor, Auto mechanic, Sewing machine operator, Secretary, Accountant, Statistician.

11. Describe the occupation, trade, or type of work that you do (or used to do if the person is unemployed).

It's very important that the answer to this question be requested with the greatest detail, since general answers don't provide the required information.

For the Occupation, Trade, or Type of Work a complete description is needed. This is especially important when talking about little known activities. Other cases involve well known occupations, but for these it is nonetheless necessary to add details that specify them.

The examples that are on the form and these others will help you achieve greater precision in the response: insurance agent, crane operator, car washer, journalist, upholsterer, stenographer, mail carrier, mechanical engineer, mine technician, veterinarian, fashion designer, waiter, geologist, galvanizer, stucco worker, dent remover for metal bodywork, civil construction worker, surveyor, attorney, fisherman, surgical doctor, dietician, hairdresser, elementary school teacher, television reporter, etc.

If the person being enumerated has more than one occupation, write down the occupation to which the person devotes the majority of the time.

If the person has two or more occupations to which they devote an equal number of hours, write down the occupation that the person considers to be the main one.

[The above directions refer to a picture of question 11 in this section of the enumeration form.]

For all individuals 14 years of age and older [applies to questions 10 to 16]

12. Describe the occupation, position, or type of work carried out in the current job (or previously, if unemployed). Examples: bricklayer, pediatrician, tailor, auto mechanic, textile machinist, street vendor, etc. [3 blank lines for answer]

12. Indicate the occupation or type of work that you perform (or performed if unemployed)

It's very important that the answer to this question be requested with the greatest detail, since general answers don't provide the required information.

For the occupation, trade, or type of work a complete description is needed. This is especially important when talking about little known activities, for which it is nonetheless necessary to add details that specify them.

In a figurative sense this is: "What do you do in your job?"

The examples that are on the questionnaire and these others will help you achieve greater precision in the response: insurance agent, crane operator, car washer, journalist, upholsterer, stenographer, mail carrier, mechanical engineer, mine technician, veterinarian, fashion designer, waiter, geologist, galvanizer, stucco worker, dent remover for metal bodywork, civil construction worker, surveyor, attorney, fisherman, pediatrician, dietician, hairdresser, elementary school teacher, television reporter, etc.

If the person has more than one occupation, write down the occupation to which the person devotes the majority of their time.

If the person has two or more occupations to which they devote an equal number of hours, write down the occupation that the person considers to be the principal one.

[The above directions refer to a picture of question 12 in this section of the enumeration form.]

For all individuals 15 years of age and older

31. What occupation or type of work do you perform, or did you perform in the past if unemployed?

Examples: Auto mechanic; university professor; furniture-maker in a factory; cameraman; graphic designer; cashier in a . . . . ; vendor of . . . . ; etc.
____

Question 31

You should describe the occupation in detail. For example: ice cream vendor. If more than one occupation, the informant should choose the main one. [These instructions refer to a graphic of question 31 on the census form.]

Persons aged 15 and above
[Applies to questions VIII - XI]

IX. Occupation

9. Occupation. Working people age 15 and above should report their occupation. Under this topic, specific types of work these people are doing should be written down. For example, workers should register as "spinner", "fitter'', "typesetter", "driver", etc. Peasants should register as "grain grower", "cotton grower", "pig breeder", "poultry raiser", etc. Commercial and service trades personnel may be identified as "shop assistant", "chef", "conductor", etc. Government staff may be classified as "X X section chief", "typist", etc. The answer should not be in such general terms as "workers", "peasants", or "cadres".

When a person is holding two or more jobs, the one he/she spends most of his/her time on counts. If their responsibilities are inconsistent with their titles, describe their present jobs. For example, for a worker who is released from production to do administrative work, fill in this column with "workshop statistician", "clerk of X X section" etc. Those who are not at their post presently on account of illness, injury, holiday-leave, being released from work to study, enterprise readjustment, labor-reform, etc., should register under the original work. Apprentices should register under the trade they are learning to do. If his/her trade is still undecided, the person can put down "type of work undecided".

[Questions 10-13 were asked of persons age 15 and older.]

11. Occupation: _ _

11. Occupations of employed/working people: -- Those aged 15 and over.

Fill in the detailed work. For example, worker can be "locksmith", "car driver" etc. Commercial or Service staff can be "salesperson", "cook", "ticket seller" etc. Office staff can be "planning staff", "statistical staff", "secretary", "accountant", "typist", etc. Do not fill in general terms such as "worker" or "cadre". For those who are in charge of government institutions and related organizations, or communist-party organizations, fill in their posts; for those who hold both technical and administrative posts, fill in the administrative ones. For those who are in charge of enterprise and public institutions, they should fill in the rank of their institutions in addition to their posts. For example, "factory director of an institution at the rank of regiment in this county". If the rank of an institution is unclear, fill in respondent's post only.

For farmers, do not use general term "Farmer". Fill in the details: "grain farmer", "truck farmer", "pannage", etc. For those who engage in other activities in addition to agricultural activity, fill in the occupation in which they engage longest. For example, if someone spends most of his/her time on construction, fill in "bricklayer", or "laborer" etc, instead of "farmer".

For those working persons who engage in more than one activity, fill in the occupation in which they engage longest.

For apprentices, fill in the type of work that they learn or engage in. For those whose type of work hasn't be specified, fill in "Type of work unsettled".

20. Please list the specific duty at work. ____

Part One. Personal Records

The following questions reflect economic characteristics of the population.

R17 through R24 apply to persons who are 15 years or older.

R20. Occupation
It refers to any kinds of paid social activities a person undertakes. Need to fill in the detailed work. This question should be answered by persons who chose 1 or 2 in R17.
Categorization of occupation follows the principle of "uniformity" of the nature of work. Uniformity means persons who conduct uniform types of work, regardless of their economic sectors, contract terms, or industrial focuses, should be put in the same category. The census defines 8 major categories, 65 secondary categories, and 410 minor categories for occupation.
Filling in this question should pay attention to the following things:

This question is the last one asking about economic activities of employed persons. Those who answered this question can skip R21 and R22 and go directly to R23.

19. Occupation or condition of unemployment ____ _

Write the occupation or usual employment of the person. Examples: Farmer, doctor, carpenter, accountant, manual laborer, servant, etc. If the person does not work, write the unemployment condition: renter, pensioner, disabled, elderly, household domestic duties, student, etc. For those who are unemployed, write their last paid occupation.

Occupation and condition of unemployment

Column No. 19 - What is your habitual occupation or craft? Occupation is understood as profession, craft or class of job that a person who is working does habitually or what a person who is unemployed did on the census date.

One should write down in this column of the form:

a) The habitual occupation of persons who are working on the census date.

b) The habitual occupation of persons who are found without work on the census date.

[p. 21]

c) The condition of persons who do not work because of being of being under age, elderly or invalids, rentiers, pensioned, or who do domestic duties without remuneration, etc.

Habitual occupation. - The habitual occupation of a person, that is, the occupation to which the most time is dedicated should be written down. When a person has many occupations and it is hard for them to know in which the most time is spent, the occupation that produces the greatest incomes should be written down.

In this column, the complete name of the occupation should be written down in a manner that clearly indicates the class or craft or task that is done. In many occupations it is necessary to employ more than one word to be able to describe them correctly, like "wholesale storekeeper", "engineer of mines", "automobile greaser", "retail storekeeper", "upholsterer of furniture", etc., single names like "storekeeper", "engineer", "greaser", "upholsterer", etc indicate nothing respective of the specific occupation. Equally, generic names should not be employed like "manual laborer", "white collar worker", "industrial", etc., since they also do not correctly define the occupation correctly. In some occupations like those of accountant, typist, superintendent, etc., this single name describes the craft or task correctly and therefore can be written down without other specification.

The habitual occupation also should be registered for persons interned temporarily in hospitals, clinics, as also those who are found detained for police reasons.

Occupation of family helpers. - For members of a family (spouse, children relatives) who collaborate in the economic company of the Head of the family or other relative during a time less than two days a week, 10 days a month or 4 months a year, without pay or fixed daily wages, they should be written down as the same occupation as the Head of family or the relative who they help.

Food, in these cases, should not be considered remuneration.

Secondary remunerated occupations: For students, housewives and the rest of persons whose principal activity is not remunerated but who at the same time has a secondary occupation that permits them some monetary income, this last occupation should be registered even though they only do it on some days or some hours a day.

Agricultural occupations. - The following occupations should be distinguished as agricultural occupations:

Farmer: The person who directs the planting and collection of crops, either on private property or for a third party company without depending on other persons.

Also family helpers who work on the farm of the Head of family or relative are farmers, without pay or fixed daily wage and during a time not shorter than two days a week, 10 days a month or 4 months a year.

Administrator of a farm: A person who directs jobs of an agricultural or livestock farm, and for it receives remuneration from the corresponding owner or from the manager of the farm.

[p. 22]

Foreman of the farm: A person who directs a group of agricultural manual laborers, controls their jobs and for this receives remuneration.

Agricultural manual laborer: A person who works as a worker in a farm for a daily wages in money, products or both.

The rest of the occupations of persons who work in farms as helpers in the agricultural labors should be registered as their specific names, such as: Agronomist Engineer, Farm Pilot, Tractor driver, and the same with the personnel of administration and services: Mechanic, Accountant, Inspector, Typist, Servant, etc.

Are you looking for work for the first time?

The cases of persons who on the census date because of not having worked before are found looking for work for the first time should be written down. The annotation will be made in the same column 19, as: "B. T. X. 1a vez"

Condition of inactivity. - For a persons who do not work due to conditions of age, health or are dedicating their time to study in education centers, domestic duties, or those who live on investments or pensions and do not have a remunerated occupation, the condition of inactivity that corresponds to them, in accordance with the following names should be registered:

Home: Women who without having a remunerated occupation do domestic duties.

Minor: A person younger than 14 years who does not study and does not have an occupation.

Student: A person who studies in an education establishment and does not have a remunerated occupation.

Elderly person: A person who cannot work because of age.

Invalid: A person who cannot carry out a job because of a physical incapacity.

Rentier: A person without remunerated occupation who lives from the product of investments or stocks.

Pensioned: A person without remunerated occupation who lives on a pension supplied by official and private entities.

Interned: A person who resides and is attended in a social institution of health, like mental hospitals, sanitariums, old peoples home, hospices, etc.

Imprisoned: A resident in jails where they complete a sentence. They should not be confused with a simple detainee.

Religious person: Persons of both sexes who live in convents.

For persons who are found in collective residences (barracks, convents, hospitals, boarding schools, etc.) the habitual occupation, grade, title or condition should be registered, for example: administrator, superintendent, servant, lieutenant, sergeant, corporal, soldier, student, priest, etc.

Persons who do not work should not be confused with those who having worked in some part of the census year, are found without a job or employment on the official day of the census. Equally, these last persons also should not be confused with those looking for a job for the first time, such as persons who finished their studies and are looking for work.

C. Economic characteristics (For persons 10 years old or more)
[Applies to questions 14 - 19]

15. What was your occupation, profession, or work during this week? ____

Section C. Economic characteristics

This section should be filled out only for persons 10 years old or older.
[Applies to questions 14 - 19]

Question No. 15. Occupation

[Below the text is a form.]

[p. 52]

This question refers to the occupation, craft, profession or type of work that was done during the week of October 14 to 20 by persons who worked in that week.

For persons who did not work but had a job and for those who worked before and looked for work during the week before the Census, the occupation or trade refers to the last job worked.

If a person had more than one job write down only the principal occupation. Principal occupation is understood to be one that provides the largest quantity of income.

Do not accept responses like "employee", "office worker", "laborer", "operator", "farmer", "commercial worker", etc. Always write down the responses that completely specify the occupation that the person had.

Write down the responses clearly and without writing the in the shaded square.

Only for individuals 12 years of age and older
[Applies to questions 17 - 22]

Only for those who "worked" or "did not work"
[Applies to questions 18-20]

18. Principal occupation

24.- Question No. 18.- Principal occupation

Ask this question only to persons in the classifications "Worked" or "Did not Work".

Clearly write in this space the nature of the occupation that the person did during the week of May 7 to 12.

If the occupation cannot be written down with one defined name, describe the nature of the job, for example: puts lining on steering wheels of vehicles.

When a person has had more than one occupation in this period, ask and write down that which is considered the principal.

Avoid the use of generic terms such as: worker, aid, owner, day laborer, etc., which say nothing about nature or class of work that a person did during the period of reference.

When it concerns not worked, ask the last occupation they had, it does not matter how long ago it was.

[Below the text is a filled out form.]

Keep in mind that here what you should write down is the occupation and not profession. Of course, it can happen, and it is very frequent, that both (occupation and profession) coincide; but also it can happen that they do not; for example: it is common that doctors, engineers, lawyers, etc. work in the same profession; nevertheless also it can be that a doctor is the administrator of a hospital, or an engineer the manager of a company. It is evident that in the last two examples, the occupation of the doctor is administrator and that of the engineer is manager.

[p. 48]

Examples of correct and incorrect occupations:

[Below are two columns, one marked Incorrect and one marked Correct. In this translation we list them in a single column.]

Incorrect

Professor

Correct

Professor of Primary School
Professor of Secondary School
Professor of Dance, Song, etc.

Incorrect

Mechanic

Correct

Automobile Mechanic
Thresher Mechanic
Aviation Mechanic

Incorrect

Construction Worker

Correct

Mason
Carpenter
Carpenter's Helper

Incorrect

Worker

Correct

Agricultural Worker
Quarry Worker
Poultry Farm Worker

Only for those 12 years of age and older
[Applies to questions 12-16]

13. Principal occupation

Fourth block of questions: only for persons 12 years old or more

This block of questions is formed by questions 12 to 16 and should be asked only to persons 12 years old and older. If a person that you enumerate does not meet this requirement, you should cross out the whole block with two diagonally crossed lines and go to the next person. This part has some complexity because of this it is recommended to put much care to each one of the concepts noted here. This block has as its objective gathering information about the work characteristics of the interviewed persons to attain correct information and a good understanding of the questions it is necessary that you keep in mind the following concepts:

1. Working age population
It is the group of persons 12 years old or older.
2. Work Force or Economically Active Population
It is the group of persons 12 years old or older who work, look for work.
3. Economically Inactive Population
It is the group of persons 12 years old or older who do not work and do not look for work.
4. Work
Work is understood to be a labor activity that has as its goal the production of goods and services with economic value in the market.

Question 13: Principal Occupation

Occupation is understood as the type of specific work that the employed person carried out in the reference period or did, for the first time, if unemployed, whatever the economic industry is that forms a part or the category they have.

[p. 54]

[On the top of the page is a form.]

The information about the occupation is gathered for those who were working the week before the census and also for those who were unemployed, even if for these cases the occupation will be what they did in their last job.

Ask the question such as it appears in the form, that is: What occupation or class of work did you do during the week of June 3 to 9 or in your last job?

The class of job should be written down as completely as possible, indicating the specialty of the occupation, for example, it is not enough to write professor, you should write professor of primary, professor of secondary, university professor, etc.

Also, do not confuse the principal occupation with the profession or craft. Doctors, lawyers or engineers, although they usually work in their profession, can do administrative work in a hospital, as well as judges, as well as managers of companies. Examples of the following "incorrect" and "correct" annotations are given to you that will help you understand better what has been said.

[Below are two columns, one marked "Incorrect annotation" and one marked "Correct annotation". I am going to translate them without using two columns.]

If a person does not indicate the name of their job, tell them to describe the principal job they do and write it: managing a machine that stamps sheets, feeding animals at a farm, etc.

If the interviewed person had more that one job, write down only the principal one, considering as such the occupation where the largest amount of time was spent.

When a person about whom you are asking for information is absent, investigate their occupation with the remaining members of the household.

For those 12 years of age and older [Applies to questions 13-18]

For the principal job
[Applies to questions 15-18]

17. What is the occupation or position that ____ holds in this job?

Third Block

Only for persons 12 years old or older

Question 17: Principal Occupation

With this question the type of job that the person did in the reference week is determined and so being able to know the composition of the employment according to occupation. Also it is important as an indicator of socioeconomic condition.

[To the right of the text is a form.]

[Below the text is a picture of a teacher.]

Equal to question 16 (industry), the type of work should be written down completely, so that the occupation that persons do can be clearly distinguished.

Do not confuse occupation with the craft or profession for which they were prepared, since the occupation is determined by the activities that are done in the current job, and not by the degrees or crafts that the person possesses.

Example:

A man has worked many years as a carpenter, which he considers as his craft; nevertheless, he declares that for six months he has been working as a guard in a factory that trained him about handling firearms and security procedures. His type of work or occupation is "security guard of a factory" and among his jobs you should specify that along with guarding and making his rounds, he handles firearms.

Some following examples of correct and incorrect forms of obtaining this information are shown, that will surely help you understand what is asked for:

[Below are two columns, one marked "Incorrect Annotation" and one marked "Correct Annotation". I am going to translate them without using two columns.]

As you see in question 17, the principal jobs that are done are additionally requested.

The objective is obtaining a complete idea of the occupation and the nature of the job that is done during the reference week, so that, along with the complete name of the occupation, you should write down a brief description of the principal tasks or functions, as is shown in this example:

[Below the text is a filled out form.]

In the tasks it should be specified, if it is the case, the level of responsibility that the person has and the instruments, type of material and tools that are used.

Only for people 12 years or older
[Questions 20 through 23 are asked only of persons aged 20 and older]

About the main job

[This question is asked of persons who worked for an hour or more, had employment or helped with family business or farm]

24. What is the occupation or profession that [the respondent] has at this job? ____

For question 24 from Block IV, about the main occupation, you can detail the responses like in the following examples: school director, hospital director, farmer, peon farmer, construction worker, school teacher, art teacher, dental mechanic, vehicle mechanic, domestic employee, waitress, store worker, store owner, fish raiser, bank cashier, supermarket cashier, bus chauffeur, truck driver.

Questions 20 to 31 are asked only of people 12 years of age or older.

Questions 24 to 29: Determine the characteristics of the people's main work
This refers to the characteristics of the main job, that to which the person habitually dedicates the most number of hours or that which generates the greatest income.

About the main job

Question 24: Main occupation

_____ 24. What is the occupation or profession that [name] has in this job?

The occupation or office is the type of work that carried out the person in his/her main occupation. You must request the informant to correctly describe the name of the occupation that he/she carried out.

In order to do so, obtain the complete name of that occupation, with every detail necessary so that the nature of the work that the person carried out is clear.

Don't write generic occupations such as: peon, helper, assistant, mechanic, or professor, that by themselves do not provide details to classify the various occupations.

Below some examples of the correct and incorrect forms to gather information will be shown that will surely help you understand what is asked for:

[p. 163]

[The left-hand side is the general but incorrect type of occupation; examples of more specific and correct identification of occupation follow to the right]

Teacher: elementary school teacher, secondary school teacher, university professor, private class professor

Mechanic: automotive mechanic, dental mechanic, aviation mechanic

Maintenance: gardener, miscellaneous, electrician

Day worker: agricultural cane worker, miler, construction worker, cattle worker, fisherman

Merchant: store owner, mini super worker, vegetable salesman, soda salesman

Lawyer: attorney in private practice, examining magistrate, legal advisor of a bank, price attorney

Assistant: accounting assistant, nursing assistant, topography assistant

Machine operator: embroidery machine operator, print machine operator

Store manager: human resource manager, merchandise manager

Chauffeur: truck driver, bus driver, trailer driver

For persons 15 years old or more
[Questions 17-21]

17. What did you do during the week before September 7?

18. What is the principal occupation or job that you did in this work?

Question 18. What is the principal occupation or task that you did in this job?

For the persons who have box 1 or 2 marked in question 17, you will continue by asking the economic questions in the order that they appear in the Census Questionnaire.

[illustration]
18. What is the principal occupation or task that you did in this job?
(Examples: Wiring electrician, teacher, secretary, etc.)

_____
_____
[ _ _ _ ]
(According to the classifier)

For question 18, you need to collect the activity or occupation that the interviewee does in his/her job (whatever the form of holding the employment: state, self-employed, etc.) if in the reference week the person worked (01) or was employed but did not work (2).

You should leave the space that is designated for the codification blank (according to the Classifier).

The work or activity should be recorded in the most complete manner possible, indicating the specialty of the occupation.

In the case that the person declares that his/her principal occupation is Social Service, trainer, or Work that is Socially Useful, you should continue to ask about the job that he/she does in this work center.

Therefore, you should avoid writing generic terms such as:

You should avoid / You should write

Electrician / Wiring electrician, maintenance electrician, etc.
Operator / Construction operation, printing press operator, etc.
Mechanic / Aviation mechanic, refrigeration mechanic, etc.
Clerk / Warehouse clerk, pharmacy clerk, etc.
Engineer / Industrial engineer, metallurgic engineer, etc.
Driver / Bus driver, truck driver, etc.

You should also avoid using terms such as: employee, day-laborer, workers, unspecialized worker, etc.

If the person does not know how to indicate the name of his/her work, ask the person about the principal tasks that he/she does, and write: drive a truck, take care of animals, open button holes, fold sheets of metal, etc.

If the interviewee simultaneously works at more than one job, you should consider the one to which the person has dedicated more time.

Remember that we are only interested the real job or occupation that the person has in his/her state, cooperative or private job, whatever his/her profession or occupation.

Section IV. Personal data
[Applies to questions 1-23]

For persons 15 years and older
(End of interview for persons under this age.)
[Questions 17-23 were asked of persons age 15 and older.]

18. What is your primary occupation or trade that you perform in this job? ____

Section IV. Personal Data.

For persons 15 years and older (end of interview for those under this age)

Question 18. What is the primary trade or occupation that you perform in this job?
Question 18 asks you to record the activity or occupation that the interviewee performed in their job (regardless of the form which the job takes; state, self-employed, etc.), if they worked (01) or had a job but didn't work (02) throughout the reference week.
You must leave the blank for the code empty (according to CNUO Classifier).
The job or activity should be filled in as completely as possible, indicating the specialty of the occupation.
In the event that you declare as principal occupation Social Service, Training or Public Service Work, you should continue to ask about the work done in that workplace.
[Figure omitted]

[p. 64]

[Description of generic terms has been omitted]
You should also avoid using terms such as: employee, day laborer, worker, workman, etc.
If the person does not know the name of his job, ask him/her what is the main work he/she does and write: driving trucks, caring for animals, opening eyelets, folding sheets of metal, etc.
If the interviewee simultaneously worked more than one job, use the one which the person spent more time doing.
Remember that we are only interested in the actual work or job that the interviewee has, regardless of their profession or trade.

Residents of age six years and over
[Question 26 through 33 asked of resident persons aged 6 and older.]

30. Current occupation

Attention: Questions 26-32 apply only to residents of the household who are at least 6 years of age. Therefore, these questions do not apply to: visitors, any and all resident children (present or absent) who are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 years of age, or born in 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, or, 1993, or who were born between November 1 and December 31, 1992.
Resident children (present or absent) born between January 1 and October 31, 1992, are now 6 years of age; therefore, questions 26-32 apply to them.

Special case: For any child who is a resident (present or absent) and was born in 1992, without the month being specified, questions 26-32 apply. For resident children (present or absent) to whom questions 26-32 do not apply, draw a slash through column 26 and the following columns.

Question 30: Current occupation
The current occupation of an individual who has declared himself or herself to be "employed" under Column 28 refers to the type of work he/she is doing at the time of the census or that he/she did for at least one week during the 4-week period prior to the census taker's visit to the household. The current occupation of an "employed" individual during the reference period (the last 4 weeks before the date of the census taker's visit to the household) refers to:

How to conduct the interview on current occupation?
For a person recognized as employed (Q28 = 1 OCC), ask the following question:
[p.40]
"What position, duty, or economic activity have you performed in the last 4 weeks (the reference period)?"
The answer must be related to the work actually done by the person and not to what he or she is able to do, i.e., to his or her training.

If the person has engaged in more than one economic activity during the reference period, ask them to tell you which one they think is most substantial, and write that activity on the questionnaire. Do not include anything, however, in the coding grid.

For a person recognized as unemployed, i.e., a person who has worked in the past but who is out of work and looking for employment during the reference period, ask the following question:
"What is the last trade, what is the last duty or position, or what is the last economic activity you did before you were left without work?"

The guidelines described above remain applicable for collection of the correct answer, which must be transcribed in full on the questionnaire. You must be as precise as possible in indicating the economic activity practiced; for example, you must write:

For those individuals 10 years of age and older
[Applies to questions 14 - 18]

15. Profession, position or occupation.

64. The questions 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 are presented to all persons 10 years of age or older. A dash [-] is traced in the spaces 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 for those younger than 10 years of age.

It may be difficult to obtain accurate answers due to the nature of this information. Great care should be taken to ensure that the annotation reflects the desired information.

Reference period

65. The information recorded in the spaces mentioned above (14, 15, 16, 17, and 18) refers to the following period of time: from January 1st to August 7th, 1960. In other words, the time that has passed since the beginning of the year to the date of the census. Whenever the "reference period" is mentioned, it is to be interpreted as the period of time between the two dates mentioned above.

Total time worked

Profession, trade, or occupation

70. Question 15. The profession, trade, occupation, or type of employment carried out during the "reference period" by persons who fall into one of the following categories is recorded:

Note: If the person is carrying out two occupations simultaneously at the time of the census: The occupation that the person considers to be the most important or that which earns more income is recorded.

p. 35Other classifications:

71. Line 15 is used to make other annotations that are defined and classified below. These annotations correspond to those who have not carried out any occupation, paid or un-paid, during the "reference period" and who have not looked for and are not looking for work. In parenthesis, under the title of each classification, the corresponding annotation from line 14 is indicated.

Classification: None (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: All persons 10-65 years of age who do not practice and have not practiced an occupation during the "reference period". They have not looked for and are not looking for work and do not fall into any of the following categories:

Classification: Minor (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Children 9 years of age or younger who do not attend school.

Classification: Student (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Those whose only and exclusive activity is that of a student in any educational institution

Classification: Domestic duties (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Housewives and their female relatives or guests who do not and have not worked in a paid or un-paid occupation during the "reference period"; e.g. government office, industry, business, etc., or helping her husband or relative in a store, office, etc., or producing, for profit, fabric, embroideries, candy, fried foods in the home.

p. 36

Classification: Rentier (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Those who receive income from interest, rent, royalties, and who live exclusively from this income.

Classification: Retired or pensioner (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Those who have stopped participating in any economic activity and who live exclusively from a pension or retirement.

Classification: Elderly (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Those who are 65 years of age and older and who are unqualified for work and who do not receive interest, retirement, or pension income.

Classification: Disabled (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Those of any age who, because of a physical or mental condition are unqualified to work.

Classification: Prisoner, patient, hospitalized, etc. (Annotation in line 14: - )
Definition: Those who, at the time of the census, live in penal, religious, hospital, mental, charity, etc. institutions. The term that corresponds to each case is recorded: "prisoner", "religious", "inmate", "hospitalized" (those patients in a leprosy clinic, psychiatric clinic, tuberculosis hospital, etc.)

Important: A dash (-) is recorded for questions 16, 17, and 18 for those persons classified in any of the above categories.

How to investigate occupation:

72. In order to record the profession, trade, occupation, or type of work, all of the questions deemed necessary should be asked so that the person?s type of work can be established in a precise manner. A vague answer to this question should not be accepted.

Through adequate questions about the professional training and the real nature of the work, correct information will be collected. E.g. when a very young person claims to be working in a specialized trade (mechanic, electrician, etc.), it is probable that he is just an "apprentice" or "assistant" in this occupation; or when a person who has only completed primary or secondary school claims to be an engineer, chemist, agronomist, etc. when these professions would indicate that the person has completed specialized or university studies. The enumerator should try to discover the truth of such declarations.

Clarifications

p. 38

Ask questions 13-16 only of those who answered 1 or 2 in question 12.

16. Habitual occupation. What was the habitual occupation of the enumerated person (the one of longest duration) during the last year?

11.5.4 Economic characteristics. Questions 12-16 are presented only to those 10 years of age and older. It is also pointed out that questions 13-16 are only presented to those who were classified in either of the first two groups of question 12: "employed" or "unemployed".

For individuals 10 years of age and older[Applies to questions 51-64.]

61. What is the occupation, job or position that you hold or held in the place where you work or worked?

For persons 10 years of age and older

Question 61: What is your occupation, trade, or job that is, or was, carried out in the workplace?

As in the previous question, ambiguous answers are avoided and a clear description of the work is requested.

The enumerator should not write down "worker", rather "lathe operator", "mason", or "press operator", etc.

The attached page 74 is a guide for recording the occupation.

For persons of 10 years old and more

50. What was the main occupation or task undertaken by [the respondent] during the last week, (or in his/her last job)?

For people age 10 or older

Question 50: What was (NAME)'s main occupation, last week (or in his/her last job)?

The main occupation is the job, position or function that a person did during the previous week of the census (or in his/her last job). In the case that the person worked in more than one job, the main occupation is the one that he/she worked most time. If he/she had equal amount of time of two or more jobs, record the one that the interviewee declares as his/her main occupation.

For the recording of occupations or jobs, it is necessary to record them with the best detail as possible, avoiding vague or unnecessary information.

The following lists various examples of the how you should record correctly the information given:

For persons age 10 or older

52. What was [the respondent]'s main occupation, last week (or in his/her last job)?

Question 52. What was [the respondent]'s main occupation, last week (or in his/her last job)?
This question inquires about the type of work the person currently does, if the informant works or worked in his/her previous job, in the case that he/she is not presently employed, but had worked in the past.

Ask the question exactly as it appears in the survey and then record the answer given by the informant in the corresponding boxes. Remember to fill in the boxes with clear capital letters leaving a box in between words. Do not use abbreviations, accents or commas.
[Page 77]
When the informant gives you a vague or incomplete answer, make sure you ask further questions to determine the specific job or occupation the informant has or had. Make sure the informant gives you the correct name of the job or occupation. In order to help you better understand what the question asks and therefore obtain the accurate information about the occupation of the person being surveyed see the following examples with correct responses and some possible incorrect answers that you should not accept.
Correct Answers:

• Example 1: If Pedro says that he works as "bank teller", the answer is correct.
• Example 2: If Maria says that she works as a "supermarket cashier", the answer is correct.
• Example 3: If Andrés says that he works as an "auto mechanic", the answer is correct.
• Example 4: If Manuel says that he works as an "industrial mechanic", the answer is correct.
• Example 5: If Juana says that she works as a "street vendor of clothes", the answer is correct.
• Example 6: If Pericles says that he works as a "street vendor in a shop", the answer is correct.

Incorrect Answers:

• Example 1: If Pedro says that he is an "Engineer", the answer is incorrect, because Engineer is not an occupation.
• Example 2: If Juan says that he is a "Civil Engineer", the answer is incorrect, because Civil Engineer is a PROFESSION, but not an occupation. And question 52 asks about the person's occupation.
• Example 3: If Maria says that she works as a "public employee", the answer is incorrect, since a State Representative is a public employee and the janitor at the Our Lady of Grace Hospital is also a public employee, in that they both work for the State.
• Example 4: If Adriano says that he works as a "mechanic", the answer is incorrect, since there are various types of mechanics.
• Example 5: If Miguel says that he works as a "cashier", the answer is incorrect, since a cashier can work in a diverse number of jobs.
• Example 6: If Sandra says that she works as a "vendor", the answer is incorrect, since there are many different types of vendors.

Only for those 12 years of age and older
[Applies to items 14 through 18]

X. Economic Characteristics

Column 16: Occupation. Record the type of job that the person being enumerated performs or performed, for those classified in column 15 as employed, unemployed, or seeking work for the first time. In all other cases, draw a horizontal line through to column 18.

For those who stated employed, record the type of job that they do.

For those unemployed, record the last job that they had.

When the person is seeking work for the first time, record the profession or trade of the person being enumerated. If the person doesn't have a profession or trade, record this as "new worker."

Pay special attention to clearly specifying their occupation, indicating the type of work the person performs or performed, for example: carpenter, rancher, washerwoman, cook, typist, cashier, attorney, counter employee, vendor, agricultural day-laborer, construction day-laborer, etc. Avoid general titles such as: manual laborer, unskilled laborer, official employee [these may in fact be two separate entries-employee and official-although there is no comma between them in the original], agent, etc. In the case of apprentices or assistants, record: apprentice in mechanics, blacksmith's apprentice, mason's assistant, etc. If a person has two or more jobs at the same time, indicate the one that produces greater income. If they had two or more jobs simultaneously, record the last job. In the case of members of religious orders, indicate the activity that each of them performs, such as professor, nurse, chauffeur, etc., and when they are dedicated solely to religious activity, write: Priest, Nun (except those who are cloistered and belong to the economically inactive population), Pastor, etc.

[p. 21]

For members of the Armed Forces, record Military, and for civilians working in military settings, the type of occupation that they have: doctor, typist, attorney, chauffeur, mechanic, etc.

For all individuals 12 years of age and older [Applies to questions 12-15.]

Questions 13 -15 only for those who responded 1, 2, or 3 in question 12.

13. What is the occupation that provided the greatest income in the days from June 3rd to 7th, or what was your last occupation if unemployed? Write with some detail the work performed.

D. Economic characteristics for people 12 and older

[Note that this section corresponds to section C. on the enumeration form. There appears to be no section C. in the enumerator's manual, but rather two sections labeled D.]

Question No. 15

[The following directions refer to a graphic representing question 15, "what is the occupation, trade, or profession that provided you with the greatest income the week of the . . . to the . . . of . . . or your last occupation?", in this section of the enumeration form.]

Make specific notes about occupation. don't accept answers such as manual laborer, office worker, unskilled laborer--investigate exactly what the person does as their occupation.

Below are some examples of incorrect [p. 27] and correct ways of recording occupations:

[The following information appears in a table.]

Incorrect recording: Teacher
Correct recording: High school teacher, university professor, primary school teacher, music teacher, dance teacher

Incorrect recording: Craftsman
Correct recording: Carpenter, cabinetmaker, sawyer, blacksmith, potter

Incorrect recording: Mechanic
Correct recording: Auto mechanic, precision mechanic, railroad mechanic, aviation mechanic, dental technician

[p. 28]

Incorrect recording: Laborer or day-laborer
Correct recording: Bridge worker, construction worker, stevedore or dock worker, car washer, caretaker of vehicles

Incorrect recording: Seller
Correct recording: Department store salesclerk, ticket and fare agent, life insurance salesman, rural paramedics, stock broker

[Note that this question corresponds to question 13 on the enumeration form.]

For all individuals 12 years of age and older

Questions 14 - 16 are only for those who answered 1, 2, or 3 in question 13.

14. What is the occupation that provided the greatest income in the days from November 7th to 13th, or what was your last occupation if unemployed?

Questions 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 on Economic characteristics should be asked of all people 12 and older.

Question 14. What is the occupation that provided you with the greatest income during the days between the 7th and 13th of November or what was your last occupation if you were unemployed?

This question, as well as numbers 15 and 16, should only be asked of those people who responded with 0, 1, or 2 to question 13.

If the answer that the informant gives is ambiguous or not very clear, ask them to describe in some detail the work that they do and record what they report.

[The information below appears in a table in the original document.]

Incorrect recording: Teacher
Correct recording: Primary school teacher, high school teacher, music teacher

Incorrect recording: Craftsman
Correct recording: Radio technician, carpenter, potter

Incorrect recording: Seller
Correct recording: Pharmaceutical salesman, department store salesclerk, ticket and fare agent, life insurance salesman

Incorrect recording: Laborer, day-laborer or unskilled laborer
Correct recording: Unskilled farm worker, stevedore or dock worker, caretaker of vehicles

Incorrect recording: Mechanic
Correct recording: Auto mechanic, precision mechanic, dental technician

[The following is in the rural manual] Don't record manual laborer, unskilled laborer, mechanic, seller. Insist that the information be more precise, for example: construction worker, unskilled farm worker, milker, etc.

For all individuals 8 years of age and older
[Applies to questions 13-18.]

For those who answered 0, 1 or 2 in question 13 and 1 in question 14:
[Applies to questions 15-18.]

15. What was the principal occupation or work during the last week, or your last job if you are unemployed?

Question 15. What was your principal occupation or work that you did during last week or the last work you did before becoming unemployed?

This question is for all of the persons who answered 0, 1, or 2 in question 13 or 1 in question 14.

Carefully write the nature of the work that the person did; if they had more than one occupation in the week before the census, ask the person who he/she considers most important and write this answer.

When the occupation cannot be written with a precise term, describe the nature of the work. For example: install steering wheel covers, assemble cardboard boxes, etc. Avoid general or ambiguous terms like driver, operator, assistant, writer, professor. Always insist that the person give precise information.

Examples:
Incomplete: Laborer
Complete: Agricultural laborer, Construction laborer, Quarry laborer

Incomplete: Worker
Complete: Construction worker, Carpentry worker, Carpentry assistant

Incomplete: Operator
Complete: Agricultural operator, Construction machinery operator

Incomplete: Engineer
Complete: Civil engineer, Mechanical Engineer, Chemical Engineer

Pay attention to note the occupation and not the profession. It is possible for the occupation and profession to be different, but there are also cases where they are the same. For example: doctors, lawyers, architects, etc. work in their profession. However, there are cases where a doctor is an administrator of a hospital or an architect is the manager of a company.

Observe that in the last two examples, the occupation of the doctor is administrator and the occupation of the architect is manager of a company.

The persons who work in public entities generally declare their occupation to be public employee. Ask that they detail their specific occupation, remembering that in an institution there are varieties of occupations; for example: executive secretaries, concierges, doctors, financial analysts, department directors, statistical investigators, etc.

What was the principal occupation or work that you carried out during the past week or the last time you worked before you became unemployed? For example, elementary school professor, agricultural laborer, food vendor, laundress, etc.)

_____

20. What was the principal activity or work that you carried out during the past week or the last time you worked before you became unemployed? _____

Examples: elementary school teacher, construction laborer, agricultural day-laborer, food vendor, laundress, install steering wheel covers, hairdresser, dressmaker, domestic servant, etc.

Question 20.- What was the primary occupation or job that you performed last week or the last job you had if you were unemployed?

[There is a picture of question 20 from this section of the enumeration form.]

This question is for all people who answered question 18 (what did you do last week?) with responses 01 or 02, answered yes (1) to question 19, and those people who looked for work having worked previously (unemployed) and answered no (2) in question 19.

Record in detail the nature of the work that the person performed. If the person did more than one job during the week prior to the census, ask for and record the occupation that the person considers the principal or more important activity.

Occupation: By occupation is meant the different tasks that people perform in their job, regardless of the type of economic activity of the place where they work or the position they have.

[p. 51]

When the occupation cannot be characterized by a definite name, describe the nature of the work. Example: puts on steering wheel covers, assembles cardboard boxes, etc. Avoid very general or ambiguous terms like driver, operator, helper, day laborer, or teacher; always stress that the information should be precise.

Examples:

Incomplete: Unskilled laborer
Complete: Unskilled farm worker, unskilled construction worker, unskilled quarry worker, unskilled freight worker

Incomplete: Laborer
Complete: Construction worker, carpentry worker

Incomplete: Operator
Complete: Farm machine operator, construction equipment operator, optical equipment operator, broadcasting equipment operator

Incomplete: Engineer
Complete: Civil engineer, mechanical engineer, chemical engineer, systems engineer, electrical engineer

Incomplete: Teacher
Complete: Primary school teacher, high school teacher, music teacher, post-secondary teacher

Incomplete: Seller
Complete: Pharmaceutical sales representative, department store salesperson, ticket and fare agent, grocery store clerk

Incomplete: Mechanic
Complete: Airplane motor mechanic, agricultural machinery mechanic

Incomplete: Manager
Complete: Textile industry manager, manager of cased meat marketing

Remember that what should be recorded is the occupation and not the profession. It can happen that the occupation and profession coincide, but there are also cases in which it is not like that. Examples: physicians, attorneys, architects, etc., work in their profession, however, there are cases where a physician is the administrator of a hospital, or an architect is the manager of a company. Note that in the previous examples, the occupation of the doctor is administrator and that of the architect is company manager.

[p. 52]

People who work in public organizations generally state public employee as their occupation. Ask them to describe their specific occupation. Remember that within an institution there is a variety of occupations, such as for example: executive secretaries, superintendents, physicians, financial analysts, departmental directors, statistical researchers, etc.

For persons five years old and older
[Questions 27 to 33 were asked of all people five years and older.]

In the last week or the last week that he/she worked:
[Questions 29-33 were asked of people who reported some kind of work or looking for work in the last week.]

30. What does [the respondent] do or what is [the respondent] where he/she works or worked?

[Section 4]

Step 14: Continue with section 4, information about the population / D: Economic characteristics (annex, pages 41-45)

[A copy of section 4D of the census questionnaire is omitted here.]

Tips:

• Follow the sequential order of the questions.
• Remember that the questions are for people 5 years old and older.
• (A)The week of reference will be Sunday the 21st to Saturday the 27th of November.
• Question 27 serves to identify people who did some activity for an income or not.
• (B)Take into account the leaps of questions 27 and 28.
• Question 29 is written literally, the activity of the business or company in which the interviewed person works or worked.
• If the informant mentions having more than one job, you should register the one that he/she considers the principal one.
• Question 30 is written very literally, what does the interviewed person do or what he/she did where he/she works/worked
• Question 31 indicates the dependency relation that the person has in the place where he/she works.
• Question 32 registers the total number of worked hours, at his/her principal work, in the past week or the last week that he/she worked.
• In question 33, register if the activity that the person does is inside or outside the household.
• If the person does more than one activity, as for example weave wool clothing in the household and leave to sell in the streets; for the registry of question 33 priority will be given to the production, therefore you will mark x in code 1 (within the home).

8. Economic characteristics

Occupation:
Understood by occupation are the different jobs that are carried out by persons in their work (or the one carried out in that occupation which the person carried out previously, if the person is unemployed), whatever be the branch of economic activity of the establishment where he/she works or the occupational position he/she holds.

Part B: Individual data

Persons six years and over
[Questions 8-11 asked of persons six years and over.]

12. Main occupation ____
[ Question 12 was asked of persons 15 years and over.]

Main occupation: Column number (12)
The person less than (15) years write "under age".
The person (15) years and over and working record the type of his specified occupation or skill regardless the establishment's main economic activity and without mixing between the occupation and job, the occupation of the person must be specified clearly for example, (engineer assistant, the head of the weaving workers, diesel engineer, taxi driver, general surgeon and brain surgeon etc.)
The person (15) years and over and not working write:

12. Main occupation ____
[Question 12 was asked of persons 15 years and over.]

The main occupation column No.(12)
For the person less than (15) years write "underage"
For the person (15) years and over and working, record the type of work (skill or occupation) that he is specifically practicing, regardless of the main economical activity that the establishment practicing and to avoid mixing between the job and occupation. We can not say an official in a shop but, it is said (seller) or (accountant) with showing the person's occupation distinctly for example (electric engineer assistant, textile foreman, agriculture worker, general doctor, surgeon)

For the person (15) years and over and not working write:
Occupation that he is practicing in his previous work if his employment status is unwilling to work.

(Unemployed): if he is newly unemployed (not previously employed), student, housewives, unwilling to work, retired, aged not working, unable to work

[Questions 8-14 were asked of persons age 6 and older]

13. Main occupation for persons (in details) ________

Table 1: Household characteristics

14. The primary profession for members

Note: The profession is also to be completed on this line for an individual whose employment status is (7), "a worker who became unemployed", based on the last profession the individual was practicing before becoming unemployed.

V. Information on members of the household

2. Persons age 10 or older
[Questions 14-21 were asked of persons age 10 or older]

[Questions 16-20 were asked of persons age 10 or older with employment or who performed some other activity, per questions 14 and 15.]

18. What is the occupation, job or position that you hold or held in the establishment?

4.5.4 Persons age 10 or older
These questions numbered 14 to 21 will be asked to those who are age 10 or older, males and females. If the person is younger than 10, the interview will end, canceling the corresponding page.

18. Principal occupation
What is the occupation, job or duty that you perform or performed in your work?

[Questions 13-24 are for persons age 10 or older]

21. What is the occupation, job or position which you perform or used to perform at work?

[Questions 13-24 are for persons age 10 or older. If the person is younger than 10, end the interview and cross out the corresponding page]

Question 21: What is the occupation, job, or position that you perform or used to perform at work?

34. Occupation

Column 34: What is type of occupation?

This column is filled only for those who have been engaged in productive activities for one day or more in the last seven days prior to the census date, for unemployed with work experience, for employed but have not worked in the last seven days, and for those who have not worked because of off - season. These people have certain kind of occupation and the occupation will be registered in this column. When registering the occupation it has to be registered so that it is easy to identify it. For example writing "medical professional" does not tell the specific type of occupation. Therefore it is important to specifically state the occupation type such as: "Health Assistant", Sanitarian", Nurse", or "Medical Doctor".

[Examples of occupation types are omitted here.]

Some individuals may have more than one occupation. In this case the type of occupation that must be recorded in column 34 is the type among the two or three occupations the individual spent more time in the last seven days.

Only the occupation type is recorded in for the household members and nothing will be entered in card columns 61 - 63.

Section III: Detailed particulars of household members

[Questions 30-32 were asked for person's age 10+ who were engaged in economic activity, unemployed with previous work experience, or had work but did not work in the last 12 months.]

30. What was the main occupation?

Columns 28 - 32: Information on economic activity
The information collected on economic activity status in these columns during the last
12 months include:

Column 30 ? 32: For those who have been engaged in productive work during most of the last months (column 28 code 1), unemployed with previous work experience (column 29 code 02) and for who had work but did not work during the last 12 months (column 29 code 03).

Column 30: What is (NAME's) occupation?

In this column data is collected only for those who have been engaged in productive work during most of the last months (column 28 code 1), unemployed with previous work experience (column 29 code 02) and for who had work but did not work during the last 1 months (column 29 code 03). The concerned persons either have at least one job or had work in the previous time.

When enquiring is done about the occupation, do not ask the type of products ask the type of wok. For example, for copy typist whether she works in hospital or factory the type of occupation recorded for her is "Typist'. In this column, register the type of occupation in the pace provided, codes are entered at the head office by the census questionnaire editors.

Try to be specific when you register the type of occupation so that no problem will be arises during coding is done for the registered type of occupation. For example, since elementary school teachers and high school teachers have different codes do not write only teacher, write the type of school they are teaching or used to teach. In similar case, trained, skilled and traditional farmers have different occupation codes. In addition, guessing the type of occupation based on the name of organization or institution is not correct. For example, in one mining factory we can find the general manager, executive secretary, chemists, engineers, casher, accountants, surveyors, soil laboratory technicians, machine operators, drivers, daily labourers, etc. and all have different codes. Even for similar work of if the skill of the operator or the type of machine they are operating is different, the code given is different.
Pg 72
On the service trade side also it needs to give due attention when writing the occupation type. For example, cashers, sales clerks, kiosk workers, etc. have different codes.

Sometimes we can face persons who have engaged in more than one type of occupation. In such case, record only one type occupation that the person is spent most of his/her time during the last 12 months.

In order to simplify enumerators' work, the lists of some occupation types are given below. Therefore, the numerators are requested to see the lists in detail before start filling in the answers in the space provided.

[Examples of occupations, pages 73-75 have been removed]

For all persons born in 1962 and before

13. Occupation last week

For all persons born in 1971 or before
[Questions 14-17 were asked of all persons born in 1971 or before]

15. Occupation

151. Questions 15, 16 and 17 apply to all persons who worked last week -- that is to all persons for whom you have entered "cash work" or "other work". For the rest, leave blank.

Question 15 - Occupation

152. We require an exact description of the kind of work the person did last week. Ask, "What kind of work did this person do last week?"

153. It is sometimes difficult to get an exact answer but you should always aim to provide a two or three word description of the person's job. A vague single word description is not enough. Avoid general terms such as 'manager', 'clerk', 'mechanic', 'foreman', 'teacher', 'operator', or 'laborer'. Record exactly what a person did -- for example, 'sales manager', 'typist clerk', 'motor mechanic', 'foreman, carpenter', 'primary teacher', 'forklift operator', 'stevedore'.

154. You will find it best to speak to the person concerned whenever possible. Members of the household are often vague as to the occupations of others.

155. If the person is employed you may find that you get a more accurate idea of his/her job by asking for the job title and recording that.

156. A person may have done more than one kind of job last week. In such a case you should record his main job -- the one he spends most time at -- that which he usually does.

157. If the person combines paid employment with unpaid work you should record the paid job rather than the unpaid job -- for example, if the person is a bus driver and worked last weekend on his farm he should be entered as 'bus driver' and if the person is a housewife who went to market to sell food she should be entered as 'market food seller'.

158. A person engaged temporarily on the census should state his/her usual occupation. Thus if you are a secondary school teacher and are working as a census supervisor or enumerator, your occupation should be recorded as 'secondary teacher'.

159. Many people may be described generally as 'farmer'. It is particularly important that we know exactly what kind of farmers they are.

160. Farmers in Fiji fall into two main categories. Those who live and farm in Fijian villages on communal land and those who farm outside the Fijian village system.

161. A Fijian living in his/her village, sharing the communal life of the village, who worked in village agriculture last week and who did no other work may be described as 'villager'. Such a person may perform a variety of tasks in growing or gathering produce, hunting, or fishing to feed and clothe his/her family and may sell some produce but is not a commercial farmer.

162. Some Fijian villagers grow crops such as dalo, yaqona, or ginger mainly for sale. Such persons should be described as 'growing dalo' or 'growing yaqona' or as the case may be and not as 'villager'.

163. In describing the occupations of persons who farm outside the Fijian village system you must be precise -- for example, write 'cane farmer', 'rice grower', 'dairyman', or 'poultry farm worker'. Avoid the vague word -- do not write 'farmer' or 'laborer'.

[p. 18]

164. Many of these farmers engage in more than one activity but in describing the work done you should pick out the person's main crop or activity -- the one to which he/she devotes most time -- the one which he/she regards as most important -- the one which is commercial. You will thus be able to describe a person as 'growing coconuts', 'raising cattle', 'market gardening', and so on.

165. The term 'cane farmer' should be used only of the person who owns or leases the land on which the cane is grown. Others working on the farm should be described as 'cane farm workers' unless they do a specific job such as 'cane cutter'. The same distinction should be made between those who own, lease or operate dairy farms, cattle farms, or copra plantations and those who work on them.

For all persons born in 1981 or before
[Questions D14-D17 were asked of persons born in 1981 or before.]

D15. Occupation
What is person's occupation? Describe the main task usually performed in least 2 words.
______

Economic activity last week

For all persons born in 1981 or before
138. The next set of questions, D14 to D17, apply to all persons born in 1981 or before. Look back at the year of birth you have entered for each person. For those born 1982-1996 write 'N/A' for question D14[a] and leave the rest of the column [D14-D17] blank.

139. Questions D14-D17 are concerned with how people provide for themselves, how they make their living. It is restricted to persons 15 years of age and over.

140. In the week before census night, almost everyone in Fiji will have done something to provide for himself or herself. It is your job to discover and record what each person did.

141. Ask the questions as they are set out here and on the questionnaire and talk about each member of the household until you understand what he or she did in the way of making a living last week. Make entries on the questionnaire only when you have the picture clear in your mind.

Question D14 - Type of activity last week

142. Question 14[a]
Ask,
Did this person do any work for money last week?

[p.26]



You should write 'M' against money work. Include also persons who had a job but were either sick or on leave or did not attend work for some other reason.

For persons who did not work for money last week write 'NO' in this box.

145. For those persons responding with 'M' in D14[a], you should also complete

Question D15 - Occupation

149. We require an exact description of the kind of work the person did last week.
Ask,
'What kind of work did this person do last week?'

150. It is sometimes difficult to get an exact answer but you should always aim to provide a two or three word description of the person's job.

[p.32]

A vague single word description is not enough. Avoid general terms such as 'manager', 'clerical', 'mechanic', 'foreman', 'teacher', 'operator', or 'laborer'. Record exactly what a person did - for example, 'sales manager', typist clerk', 'motor mechanic', 'foreman carpenter' 'primary teacher', 'forklift operator', 'stevedore'.

151. Many people may be described generally as 'farmer'. It is particularly important that we know exactly what kind of farmers they are.

[p.33]

152. You will find it best to speak to the person concerned whenever possible. Members of the household are often vague as to the occupation of others. If the person is in employment you may find that you get a more accurate idea of his/her job by asking for the job title and recording that.

153. A person may have done more than one kind of job last week. In such a case you should record his/her main job - the one he/she spends most time at - that which he/she usually does.

154. If the person combines paid employment with unpaid work you should record the paid job rather than the unpaid job - for example, if the person is a bus driver and worked last weekend on his farm he should be entered as 'bus driver' and if the person is a housewife who went to market to sell food she should be entered as 'market food seller'.

155. A person engaged temporarily on the census should state his/her usual occupation. Thus if you are a secondary school teacher and are working as a census supervisor or enumerator your occupation should be as 'secondary teacher'.

For all persons born in 1997 or before
[Questions D19-24.]
(Questions D19-D24 refer to last week)

Questions D20-D23 for money or other compensation workers only.

D20. What is [the person's] occupation?

Questions D14-D18 for money or other compensation workers only

[D14] What is this person's occupation? _ _ _ _

[5] Employment
Employment statistics are annual statistics providing data by region on the population's economic activity and employment.

Occupation
The role of persons working at a similar job, which is based on the content of the work made for income acquisition purposes and in some cases on the education completed by the person.
In the employment statistics, the classification of occupations is based on occupational titles derived from various registers and given by employers to employees, which titles are classified into different occupational codes mainly according to industry, education, occupational status and sector. The occupational title is sometimes also called a job title, function or official title. Some of the occupational codes of the employment statistics (cf. industry-specific occupational codes with occupational titles) are derived already classified from the statistics on wages and salaries. Statistics Finland's national classification of occupations valid at each time is used for describing occupation. One occupational group can contain several occupational titles. On the other hand, the same occupational title can be classified into several occupational groups.
Occupations are produced for employed persons primarily based on the person's main employment relationship in the last week of the year. The data are collected from several different sources, such as the registers of employment relationships of central and local government, statistics on wages and salaries, and data collections from enterprises.

Education and professional training

(For all persons born before January 1, 1952)
[Applies to questions 8 - 10]

8. Are you currently a student?

Do not answer "yes" unless you are taking courses from a general educational establishment, either professional or technical, or from a university, for the duration of the school year.

9a. Name and address of the school or university:



9b. Nature of the classes you are taking:



Examples: primary, modern or classical secondary [secondaire moderne ou classique], technical, higher, 2nd degree agricultural [agricole du 2eme degre], etc.

9c. Designation of your class, section or specialty:



Examples: 3rd modern, 4th technical, M.P.C., etc.

Professional Activity

(For all persons born before January 1, 1948)
[Applies to questions 11 - 16]

If you are currently without work and you are looking for work, go directly to question 16.
If you are no longer working, go directly to question 17.

11. Principal Profession. Indicate your current occupation or job.
(even if you are still just an apprentice or if you work helping a family member in his/her occupation.) A woman taking care of only her own household should answer "without profession."

Be specific; examples: Cashier accountant, automobile repair mechanic, hot roller [lamineur à chaud], worker in metal carpentry, truck drivers carrying heavy loads, female machinist in production work [mecanicienne en confection], mechanical designer, grain broker, wine grower, horticulturalist, shepherd, etc.

13. Do you practice your declared profession in question 11 as:

17. For persons who no longer work.

Retired from public service, retired executives/managers, workers who have reached the age of retirement, persons no longer working in business, etc.

Questions 11 through 17 The questions on professional activity are especially important. You should check carefully to make sure they are filled out carefully
Question 11: This question is of capital importance. It is impossible to be too specific in this category.
Read carefully the following explanations and the examples given on the individual report [bulletin individuel], as well as the following list:
Examples of inadequate answers which should not be accepted under any circumstance and comments

1. Answers which are inadequate because they are not specific enough:

Employee
Worker
Engineer

Indicate exactly the occupation of the person in question. For example: department- store salesperson, metal turner, chemical engineer.

Civil Servant
Railroad employee
Gas company worker

Specify the rank or job of civil servants and employees of public services. For example: accounting and order clerk, combined- use railroad agent [facteur mixte S.N.C.F.].

Shopkeeper
Manufacturer
Craftsman
Administrator

Answer in this way, for example: retail grocer, automobile repair mechanic, director of a noodle factory.

2. Answers which are inadequate because they are incomplete:

O.S.2.
O.P.
Qualified laborer
Team leader
Foreman

The above indicate the professional rank, but do not give the individual occupation.

[p.25]
Question 12 - Unpaid workers who help another person in his/her job
It may sometime happen that certain persons - above all, women - work helping another person in his/her job without receiving any pay for their work. These persons should answer "yes" to question 12, even if they only work as such on a part- time basis.
This question concerns, for example, the wife of a farmer who participates in farm work, or the wife or daughter of a shopkeeper who spends a few hours a day at the shop as a salesperson or at the cash register.
Question 13 - Household employee. This category is not intended for persons who are self- employed and work at home (craftsmen, seamstresses, milliners). It applies only to persons who work at home, often on a piecework basis, for an industrial or commercial establishment which pays them on this basis. Such is the case, for example, of certain designers for fashion magazines, persons who work for design houses, etc.
If these persons have several employers at the same time, indicate in question 15 which is their principal employer.

Education and professional formation (for all persons born before January 1st, 1962)
[Applies to questions 8 - 11]

8. Are you currently a student?

Do not answer "yes" unless you are taking classes (including professional or technical classes) or at the university for the normal duration of the school year.
If you are apprenticed under contract, if you are not taking any classes except for some professional classes part-time, or classes by correspondence for perfecting your skills, seasonal agricultural classes, etc. answer "no".

Professional activity (for all persons born before January 1st, 1954)
[Applies to questions 12- 18]

18. If you don't work anymore:

Question 12: Main profession.
Attentively read the explanations and the examples given on the individual forms, as well as the instructions hereafter.
Examples of bad answers not to accept in any situation [left column] / Comments [right column]
1) Bad answers because they aren't specific enough.
Employee, worker, building worker, engineer, executive, director / Indicate exactly the job of the person concerned, for example: salesperson at a department store, bank employee, lathe operator, chemical engineer, plasterer, expert forester, business director.
Government employee, SNCF employee, EDF employee / For government employees and public service employees, specify the rank or the job, for example: representative of the prefecture, clerk of the PTT, second class stationmaster, driver of a diesel locomotive, EDF dispatcher.
Merchant, industrialist, farmer, entrepreneur, craftsman, administrator / Answer, for example: retail grocer, wholesaler in pharmaceutical products, masonry entrepreneur, residential building director, movie theater employee
2) Bad answers because they are incomplete.
O.S., O.P., Qualified worker, team leader, foreman / these labels indicate the situation in the professional hierarchy, but do not give any information on the individual profession of the person concerned. On the other hand, the following answers are satisfactory:
O.S. (specialized worker) in rope or yarn winding, textile mill foreman

For all people 16 years of age or older
[Applies to questions 8 -18]

13. Do you practice your main declared profession as:

14. For paid workers:

17. If you are currently without work and if you are looking for some:

18. If you do not work anymore:

(You are, for example, retired from public service, a retired worker, retired executive, former farmer, retired from business, etc.)

[Questions 8 - 18 are for persons age 16 or older]

Question 13: Professional status.
Category 5: "Worker at home for a total of one or more businesses" does not allow for people who work at their home for their own business (artisans, sewers, stylists). This category applies on the other hand to people who do work at their home, often as they will, for the affairs of an industrial or commercial establishment who reimburses them for this. Such is the case, for example of some newspapers designers, of people working for clothing industries or performing secretarial work for the affairs of some administrations, etc.
Paid managers should check box 7 even when they are partially reimbursed in the form of commiseration.

Question 14: Certification
Make sure that the people who have declared to be salaried on question 13 specify their certification, rank or hierarchical position on questions 14a, 14b or 14c, according to the situation.

Question 17: The case of the unemployed and those who are looking for work.
This question concerns all people having or having not already worked, who fulfill the following conditions simultaneously:
a) do not have a job:
b) are actively looking for work.
Do not apply to these people the label "unemployed" which is sometimes judged offensive and which has a slightly different connotation.

For all persons aged 14 or older

If have practice a professional activity, answer questions 12 through 15,
Including: If you help a family member at work, even if part time
If you are an apprentice under contract or a paid intern

If you are not currently practice a professional activity or if you are unemployed: answer question 16.

12.

16. If you do not actually practice any professional activity, or if you are unemployed:

Questions 8 through 21 are only for those people 14 years old or more

If you work, go to the back of the page (questions 12 to 21)
Includes:

If you do not work (or do not work anymore), answer questions 9-11

9. Are you?

10. Have you already worked?

12. Profession currently practiced

Questions 19 to 21 are only addressed to people who are paid and to paid interns

20. Indicate the professional description of your current job

21. What are your main duties?

[Questions 15-21 were asked of persons who work per question 11.]

15. Profession currently practiced ____

[6. The rest of the questionnaire is for persons age 14 or older.]

8. What is your legal marital status?

19. What does this company do?

28. In your job, are you a/an:

6) The following portion of the questionnaire is for individuals age 14 or older.

17) The rest of the questionnaire is for individuals who are currently working.
If you have several jobs, describe your main job in questions 18 to 30.

18) What is the name of the establishment which employs you or of which you are in charge?
If you are a temporary worker, specify the name of the establishment where you work. If you are self-employed, record the name of the company or your name.

For economically active persons (also self-employed, farmers, family workers)
[Questions 24-26 were asked of economically active persons]

24. Kind of activity pursued?

Fill out questions 11-13 for employed persons only (not apprentices).

12. Job held at the place of work: ____

Directions for filling out the person census list

Regarding questions 11 to 13:
For mothers that are currently on leave due to the birth of a child, questions 11 to 13 should still be answered. In question 12, "leave" should be entered in addition to the job held.

Question 12: Job held at the place of work
The job held should be stated as detailed as possible. For example:

Employees in administrations and institutions state their official position.

Question 17: What kind of activity, occupation, or profession do you perform?
Do not enter here the completed level of vocational education/training or the rank of your position, but rather state as precisely as possible the actual occupation performed or the activity pursued at present -- e.g., building mechanic (not mechanic), heating fitter (not fitter), long-distance truck driver (not driver), balance clerk or machine accountant (not bookkeeper), electrical engineer (not engineer), pediatrician (not doctor), short hand typist (not employee), post office clerk (not civil servant), soldier doing basic military services, professional soldier, soldier on a temporary basis (not soldier). Persons doing civilian alternative service please indicate "civilian service". Apprentices should enter the profession/occupation they are trained in.

For economically active persons
[Questions 15-18 were asked of economically active persons.]

17. What kind of activity, occupation/profession do you perform? ________

Answer only for the employed (including those with jobs who did not work) and the unemployed
[Questions 9-11 were asked of employed and unemployed persons age 10 and older]

9. Occupation ________

8. Economic characteristics.

Questions 8, 9, 10 and 11 are restricted to persons aged 10 years and over.

9. If employed (i.e. worked or had job but did not work) what kind of work did you do? For unemployed, last kind of work.

Note that this question should be asked only of the employed and the unemployed.

For the unemployed we are interested in the last kind of work the person did before he became unemployed. For example if he was an accounts clerk before he became unemployed you have to write in the space provided "accounts clerk". However there are certain unemployed who have never worked before, e.g. students or vocational trainees who have just finished school or completed their period of training and who are actively looking for a job. For such persons write down in column 9 "new workers seeking employment".

Note that you should write down what work the respondent actually did daring the seven days preceding census night and not what he is trained to do or what he used to do. For instance, if the respondent has been trained as a lorry driver but actually worked as road labourer during the 7 days preceding census night, you should write down road laborer.

pg. 57

Remember to write down a detailed and exact description of the work the respondent actually did. For example, the term labourer is too vague. Hence, be more precise by indicating whether the person was office cleaner, building labourer, gardener, farm labourer, three feller, etc.

Avoid other vague terms like businessman, petty trader, malam, trader, manager, civil servant, engineer which cover several groups of persons occupying different grades and doing different kinds of work.

Therefore, always specify the exact work done by the respondent. For instance you should give the following information about teachers and engineers.

For teachers, specify the following groups:

For engineer you should specify the type of engineer the respondent is, e.g:

For members of the armed forces (i.e., army, air force and navy) you should go into greater detail to find out the actual rank and the occupational specialization of the person. A soldier may be a motor vehicle driver, tailor, wireless operator, fitter, gunner, staff nurse, etc. Similarly you should not take an officer for an answer but inquire for further details. The officer may be a teacher, an electrical engineer, a medical officer, a pilot. Soldiers and officers not having a particular trade or occupation should be entered as soldier (private), soldier (corporal), soldier (lieutenant), etc.

pg. 58

You should also distinguish between the following:

Note that whenever you specify a seller or maker of a particular commodity which is only understood in the area concerned you should also write in brackets after it whether that commodity is food, drink, etc. For instance, you may write seller of aheyi (non-alcoholic drink), maker of tubani (food).

P13 Type of activity: For P13 to P17; answer only for ages 7 years or older. The answer should refer to the 7 days before census night:

[P14-P17 were asked of persons who did not work for pay or profit or family gain and P13b=1 or 2.]

P14 Occupation: Answer for the employed (i.e. if P13a = yes) and those who have jobs but did not work (ie if P13b = 1) and unemployed (i.e. P13b = 2)

What kind of work did (name) do? For unemployed, last kind of work. Describe work, and refer to appendix 5, and 5a for code list

Description ________

P13 Type of activity: questions are to be asked of only persons aged 7 years or older; and refer to the seven days before census night

P14: Occupation-"Answer for the employed (i.e. P13a=Yes) and (those who had jobs but did not work) (i.e. 13b=1) and unemployed (i.e. P13b = 2) What kind of work did (name) do? For unemployed, last kind of work. Describe work and refer to appendix 5 for code list.

Note that this question must be asked only of the employed and the unemployed.

For the unemployed, we are interested in the last kind of work the person did before he/she became unemployed. For example, if he/she was an Accounts Clerk before he/she became unemployed you have to write in the space provided "Accounts Clerk". However, there are certain unemployed who have never worked before, e.g. students or vocational trainees who have just finished school or completed their period of training and who are actively looking for a job. For such persons write in the space provided "Now seeking employment" and code according to appendix.

Note that for the employed you must write down what work the respondent actually did during the seven days preceding Census Night and not what he/she is trained to do or what he/she used to do. For instance, if the respondent has been trained as a lorry driver but actually worked as construction labourer during the 7 days preceding Census Night, you must write down construction labourer.

Remember to write down a detailed and exact description of the work the respondent actually did. For example, the term labourer is too vague. Hence, be more precise by indicating whether the person was office cleaner, building labourer, gardener, farm labourer, tree feller, etc.

For members of the Armed Forces (i.e., Army, Air Force and Navy) you must go into greater detail to find out the actual rank and the occupational specialisation of the person. A soldier may be a motor vehicle driver, tailor, wireless operator, mechanic, gunner, staff nurse, etc. Similarly, you must not take an officer for an answer but inquire for further details. The officer may be a teacher, an electrical engineer, a medical officer, a pilot, etc. Soldiers and officers not having a particular trade or occupation must be entered as soldier (private), soldier (corporal), soldier (lieutenant), etc.

You must also distinguish between the following:


Note that whenever you specify a seller or maker of a particular commodity which is only understood in the area concerned you must also write in brackets after it whether that commodity is food, drink, etc. For instance, you may write seller of aheyi (non-alcoholic drink), maker of tubani or wakye (food).

After you have specified or written the type of work the person did 7 days before Census Night, or the last kind of work for those unemployed, code according to appendix.

[Questions P00-P20 were asked for persons in both the household and non-household populations.]

Economic activity -- P13-P17: Should be related to the past 7 days preceding census night
[P13 to P17 were asked of all persons age 5 years or older.]

[Questions P14-P17 were asked of persons age 5 or older who were engaged in an activity for pay in the 7 days prior to the census (per question P13a) or had worked before and were seeking work or had been engaged in voluntary work without pay in the 7 days prior to the census (per question P13b).]

P14. Occupation

Economic activity (P13 - P17)

Economic activity questions cover P13a, P13b, P13c, P14, P15, P15a, P16 and P17. All these questions should be related to the period of 7 days preceding Census Night. They should be asked only for persons aged 5 years and older.

P14. Occupation

If yes in P13a, ask: What kind of work did [name] mainly do?
If P13b = 1, ask: What kind of work did [name] do before the break period?
If P13b = 2 or 4, ask: What kind of work did [name] do previously?

This question should be asked of persons who answered:

For those who worked (i.e. 1 in P13a) you should record the work they did. For those who did not work but had job to go back to (i.e. 1 in P13b), you should write the job they will to back to after the period of absence.

For respondents who had worked before and were seeking for work and available for work, (i.e. 2 in P13b), you should record the last work they did before becoming unemployed.

For the employed (i.e. yes in P13a), write down the work the respondent actually did during the period of seven days preceding Census Night. For example, if the respondent has been trained as a lorry driver but actually worked as a construction laborer during the 7 days preceding Census Night, you must write down construction laborer.

In recording the occupation of the respondent, record detailed and exact description of the work the respondent actually did. The term laborer, for example is too vague. You should be more specific by indicating whether the person was an office cleaner, a construction laborer, a gardener, a farm laborer, etc.

• In the same way designations like businessman, operator, civil servant, teacher, are too vague. They cover several groups of persons occupying different grades and doing different kinds of work. For example 'a businessman' may be a retail trader in spare parts or textiles or office machines. An 'operator' may be forklift operator, crane operator, or drilling machine operator. In the same way a civil servant may be chief director or an executive officer. A teacher may be a primary school teacher, a JHS teacher or an SHS teacher.
• For those who sell items they themselves prepare e.g. kenkey, aboloo, fried fish, etc., you should indicate this by recording "kenkey maker and seller".
• For those who sell food we would like to know whether they are street food sellers (i.e. selling food (cooked or uncooked on the street), food seller in the market or food counter attendant.

Note that whenever you specify a seller or maker of a particular commodity which is only known in a few areas, you must also write in brackets whether that commodity is food, drink, etc. For instance, you may write seller of Aheyi (non-alcoholic corn drink), maker of Tubani or Wakye (food).

It is also important to distinguish between persons who carry out their work by hand and those who operate machines which do the same type of work. The following are examples of such occupations:

These distinctions are necessary because these two groups belong to different major occupational groups.

For members of the armed forces (i.e., army, air force and navy), you must go into greater detail to find out their ranks, i.e.

However, for civilians working at the Ministry of Defense or any other military installations, record in detail work done, e.g. private secretary, office cleaner, administrative officer, etc.

For officers working in the Police Service, Enumerators should also provide the rank of each police man/woman e.g. constable, corporal, sergeant, superintendent, etc. as the various ranks are classified differently.

The following questions 13-24 should only be completed for persons born in 1960 or earlier.

The following questions (17-20) refer to the person's occupation during the previous week (7-13 March 1971), regardless of whether or not the person usually works.

If he/she worked during the previous week (questions 17-19):

___ _ _ _ 18. a) What type of work was he/she doing?

[Questions 17-20 refer to the person's occupation during the previous week (7-13 March 1971) regardless of whether they usually work or not]

Questions 18, Type of work and establishment of work [omitted]
Question 19, Occupational status [omitted]
Question 20, Reason for not working [omitted]

The following questions should be answered only by persons born in 1970 or earlier.

Occupation [Questions 11 to 14]

12. If he/she was working or seeking work (answer 1 or 2 in question 11) Answers to questions a and b must be specific. For question c, put an X in the appropriate space. If the person was seeking his or her first job, write "new worker" for questions a and b, and do not answer question c.

Questions 10-15 should only be completed for persons born in 1970 or before

186. If the respondent is working or seeking work then he has to answer the following questions:

[Omitted, a), b) and c) as in the form]

187. The type of work he is or was doing the last time he worked must be very clear so as to be coded according to the occupational codes.

If his answer is general or vague, e.g. "technician", "employee" or "merchant" or "public servant", more questions are needed so as to clarify e.g. "what kind of technician', "what kind of employee", "what kind of trade, whole sale or retail" etc.

[Bottom of p. 60 and p. 61 omitted]

[p. 62]

190. Question (b) "what is the type of establishment, enterprise, agricultural land, service etc. he works (or was the last time he worked)" refers to the type of economic activity (industry branch) of the establishment, enterprise etc. the enumerated is working or if he is seeking work to the establishment, enterprise etc. he was working last. If seeking work for the first time as before "young" will be recorded.

191. The answer to this question must not be general or vague as e.g. "shop" or "factory" or "company" but must clarify the economic activity of the establishment or service he is working (or was working last). [Examples omitted]

[p. 63 omitted]

[p. 64]

194. Question (c) "occupational status" the enumerated must answer whether he is (or was) employer, self-employed, assistant in the family business or agricultural land, or employee or wage earner.

These categories are clarified as following:

195. The employee or wage earner that works on contract but has the materials or is working with percentages on the profits is not to be considered as employee or wage earner. In these cases, he will be considered as employer (if he employs staff) or self-employed (if not employing staff).

The following questions should only be completed for persons born in 1980 or earlier.

16. For those that answered 1 or 2 in question 15 (i.e., those who were working or were looking for work during the previous week) must describe:
a. The type of work they were doing the previous week (or did the last time they worked) question a1.)

c. Their class of work in this job (or in the job in which they last worked).
-Answers to questions a1 and b must be specific. For example, for an employee who worked as a salesman in a shoe store during the previous week (or during the last job), the answer should be written as follows: for question a1: "Occupation: shoe salesman"; for question b: "Establishment: shoe store." For question a2, the person's duties, obligations, or activities in this job must be described in detail.
-If, during the previous week, they were seeking work for the first time: write "NEW WORKER" in questions a1, a2, and b, and do not answer question c.
-Do not fill in the three spaces supplied for subsequent coding.

The following questions (12-25) were answered only by individuals born in 1980 or before.

12. Level of education
[As in the form, omitted]

13.
[As in the form, omitted]

The question was clear and without problems. In the case of graduates of a foreign educational institution the code of the respective Greek educational institution was checked.

16. For the individuals having answered that they were working or seeking work describe the type of work, the type of the establishment, enterprise etc., as well as their occupational status.

The type of work referred to the enumerated individual's occupation or of that he/she worked last. For those that were seeking work for the first time it was entered the word "young". The coding of the occupation was based on the 3 digits ISCO 68 [88?].

The type of establishment, enterprise etc. referred to the type of economic activity (industry branch) of the establishment where the enumerated individual was working or for those that were seeking work, of that they worked last. For those that were seeking work for the first time it was entered the word "young".

For the coding of the economic activity STAKOD was used, based on the 3 digits NACE Revision 1.

For their occupational status [answers as in the form, omitted].

Questions 15-26 below should only be completed for persons born in 1990 or earlier

18a. What is your current occupation (or what was your occupation the last time you worked)?
(Answer only if the response to question 16 was 1 or 2, i.e., "Working" or "Looking for Work.")
Give a full description (e.g., Assistant Accountant)
___

18b. What are your main duties and responsibilities at this job (or what were your main duties and responsibilities at your last job)?
(e.g., book-keeping)
___

[Questions 14 through 16 were asked of all persons that are currently working or seeking work]

14. In what type of establishment, enterprise etc., did you work during the previous week or the last time you worked?

15. What is or was you profession (job) the last time you worked?

Question 15 "What is or was your profession the last time you worked?" (Cases 1 or 2 of question 13.)
The question refers to the occupation of the enumerated individual who is working or if he is seeking work to his occupation at his last job, i.e. from the one he left, was dismissed etc.
The description of the type of work he/she does or did the last time the individual worked, these answers must be cleared to allow for the classification of population under the vocational code of ELSTAT. If the answer the individual provides is vague for e.g. craftsman, employee, merchant or public official, the enumerator should ask further questions for clarification such as, ''What kind of employee, what kind of trader'' etc.
We present below some examples of satisfactory answers for different categories of workers:
- A farmer who works in different crops, tree or other, e.g. cereals, vegetables, fruit trees, cotton, etc., will be declared "polykalliergitis" while farmers engaged in crop production of mainly one species, e.g. cereal, will respond, "cereal grower" etc.
- The farmer, depending on the animal breeding, will say: "cattle", "sheep", etc.
- The farm artisan will say: "driver or agricultural machine operator", "pruner", "bolia-facturer'', ''comb pickers'' etc.
- The employees of industrial or commercial enterprises, depending on the work that everyone does in the company, will answer: business manager, purchasing supervisor, sales supervisor, cashier, accountant [if going to graduate High School], assistant accountant [non graduates], typist, accounting clerk, salesman, janitor, elevator operator etc.
- Teachers should respond: teacher, secondary school teacher, teacher of colleges, teacher pro- nepistimiou, teacher of special education, teaching staff, tutoring or private technical schools etc.
- Civil servants must declare, in particular, the tasks performed and their specialty and, degree holding the service. Practitioners managers will determine whether they head productive or support positions, e.g. "statistician", "economist" "agronomist", "veterinarian", "pocies engineer", "typist", "clerk", "driver", "the programmer / PC", "electronic pilot sub- accountants'' etc. The term "civil servant" is quite vague.
- Chemical workers will indicate the one who deals with chemistry or in the laboratory, or as chemical chromatography, works with chemicals, chemical fertilizers, etc.
- The merchant navy officers will declare, as appropriate, "deck officer" or "officer engineer Nick.''
- Fishermen will indicate "sea fisherman" or "angler fish farm" or "lake" or "river".
- Workers in mines and quarries, as the work they do, will declare 'scrap and operator of engine", "ore separator" etc.
- Employees in metallurgy, depending on the work they do within the company, will answer "operator of roll'', ''operator of furnace melting", "smelter" etc.
- Workers in the textile industry will respond according to the work they do, "spun", "spinner", "weaver" etc.
- Workers in food production will reply "miller", "operator crushed beet machines" "slayer - skinned", "meat chopper", "canning" etc.
- Employees in manufacturing men's and women's apparel and footwear will respond, as appropriate, "tailor", "seamstress", "fur", "cutter" etc.
- The permanent officers, non-commissioned officers and soldiers will state "military".
[p. 26]

Educational and occupational characteristics
Persons 7 years old and more
[Questions 15 to 26 are asked of persons age 7+ years old]

Occupational situation in the month before the census

21. Occupation: What occupation or work did the person have during most of the last four weeks before the census? ____

Educational and occupational characteristics

These questions should be asked exclusively of the persons who have informed that they are seven years old or older.

Economic characteristics of the population

The questions oriented to find out which were the economic activities of the population (questions 19 to 26) will only be asked of persons who are seven years old or older. Therefore, for every child who is six years old or younger, you should make an X in the respective spaces across the columns.

Questions 19 to 26 are of great significance, and therefore we request that the enumerator pay the greatest attention possible to the instructions that are given on the following pages for filling them in.

The questions contained in this section of the form have a certain relationship to each other, and therefore, if you do not put special care in completing them, you run the risk of obtaining incompatible information that will cause enormous damage to the posterior process to which the form will be subjected.

In general, the research of the economic characteristics of the population will refer not to the day of the census, but to the month previous to the census, which will be from March 17th to April 17th, 1964.

Question 21: Occupation

In the blank space that is provided in this question, you should write the word or expression that clearly and amply describes the work type that the person did during the month before the census date (March 17th to April 17th, 1964). When the person had more than one occupation in that period, you should ask and note the principal occupation, which means the on that corresponds to the work where he or she obtained the highest income. In the case of obtaining equal income in several occupations, you should not the one that the enumerated person considers the most important. For persons who did not work in the reference period, but looked for work, you should write the occupation that corresponds to the last job or employment that he or she had. If the person cannot inform about a previous work because this is the first time that he or she is a jobseeker, you should write in the space for the questions 21 and 22 the words "has never worked", at the same time putting and large X across the corresponding column of question 23 (occupational position). If the person, despite having a job did not do it during the four last weeks before the census, due to illness, vacation, strike or any of the other reason already noted, you should note the occupation that corresponds to that job, as long as he or she has conserved it.

[p. 48]

In order for the information noted in this question to be useful, it is necessary specify, without doubt, the class of work or the nature of his or her duties, since in many cases, because there is no special name for the occupation, it will be necessary to describe it in a few words. For example: installer of aluminum blinds, prepares food for sale, etc.

You should not use generic words such as worker, laborer, day-laborer, operator, artisan, employee, apprentice, assistant, volunteer, supernumerary, office worker, salesman, counter clerk, agent, and other similar terms, since none of them indicate a definitive occupation; all are ambiguous words that in the majority of the cases only indicates a relationship between the person and the employer. When it is necessary to use these terms, you should add those words that clarify the situation of the persons as much as possible, for example: loading worker, highway laborer, carpentry apprentice, driver's assistant, etc.

In the case of laborers you should investigate the name of the corresponding occupation, such as assembler, saw operator, carpenter, floor installer. For office employees and office workers you indicate his or her occupation clearly: typist, filing supervisor, cashier, treasurer, accountant, etc.

The same should be done for commerce employees, for example: sales agent, counter clerk, servant, messenger, etc.

In the case of servants, you should indicate if the person is a cook, general housecleaner, nanny, etc.

For workers in agricultural activities, the term "farmer" should only be used for persons who have an agricultural venture under their care. Those who do general tasks in farms, should be noted as "agricultural workers" or as "share-croppers" if this were the case. In any case, if the person does a specific job (cowboy, shepherd, corral worker), it is appropriate to note the occupation with this same detail instead of having general and vague designations.

In the case of professionals, be aware that what you should note the occupation instead of the profession. Of course, it can occur that these coincide. For example, it is common that doctors, engineers, and lawyers work in their same profession; however, it is also frequent that a doctor be an administrator of a hospital, or that an engineer be the manager of a business; in these cases, the occupation of the person does not coincide with his or her profession. In these cases, it is evident that the occupation of the doctor is administrator and the occupation of the engineer is manager. For this reason, the enumerator should ask for the occupation, and in the case of professional, insist in determining if the profession and the occupation coincide. That is to say, if the doctor works as a doctor, the lawyer works as a lawyer, the engineer works as an engineer, since it can also be that these persons are dedicated to agriculture or the management of a business.

D - Economic characteristics
(For those 10 years of age and older)
[Questions 15 to 19 are asked of persons age 10+ years old]

16. Principal occupation

D. Economic characteristics (for person aged ten years or older)

Ask questions 15-19 only for those aged ten (10) years or older.

Question 16: principal occupation

Ask this question only for people who fall within categories 1, 2, or 3 of question 15. If they do not, cross out the entire question with an "X."

1. How to ask the question:
Ask, "What occupation, trade or type of job did you perform in the week of March 19-25, or in the last job that you had?"

If the enumerated person states that he or she had more than one occupation, choose the principal occupation. This is the one at which the enumerated person earns the most money or spends more time.

2. How to record the answer:
Write the principal occupation stated by the enumerated person in the space provided. When you write it, use a word or phrase which describes exactly the kind of work that the enumerated person performs or used to perform. Avoid using general terms such as "worker," or "office worker" that do not provide a clear idea of the type of work performed. The following examples illustrate this point:

[The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer for principal occupation
(B) Correct answer for principal occupation

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: agricultural worker
Correct answer for principal occupation: cowboy; milkmaid; coffee picker.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: mechanic
Correct answer for principal occupation: auto mechanic; technician who makes dental parts; airplane mechanic.

[p. 78]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: office worker
Correct answer for principal occupation: typist, secretary; bookkeeper; file clerk.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: teacher
Correct answer for principal occupation: primary-school teacher; music teacher; secondary-school teacher; university professor.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: construction worker
Correct answer for principal occupation: mason; plumber; carpenter; house painter.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: weaver
Correct answer for principal occupation: loom operator; hat maker; hammock maker.

It is important to note that in most cases a professional's job corresponds to his or her career. Nonetheless, some professionals may have performed work different from their area of professional specialty. If this is the case, record the job that the person did and not the career. For example, if a surgeon worked managing a hospital, write "hospital director" as the principal occupation. Similarly, if a lawyer managed a textile company, write "manager of textile company."

If the person has various occupations and cannot specify a particular one, indicate the principal one according to the definition given above.

3. Example
[This box contains question 16 of the section VI "people in the census household."]

VII. People in the census household

Only for those who answered 1, 2, or 3 in question 16
[Questions 17 - 20 are asked for persons who responded 1, 2, or 3 in question 16]

17. Principal occupation

D. Fourth block: economic characteristics (for those 10 years of age and older).

Questions 16 through 20 are only presented to those 10 years of age and older.

Note: questions 17-20 are only presented to those who answered 1, 2, or 3 for question 16. For those answering 4-9, an "X" is marked in all of the spaces for questions 17-20.

Question 17: principal occupation

This question is only presented to those who were classified in alternatives 1, 2, or 3 in question 16.

1. How to formulate the question

What principal occupation, type of work, or trade did you carry out during the reference week (March 16-22) or in the last job that you had?

Principal occupation is understood to be the occupation that provides the highest income or that which takes most of the enumerated person's time.

2. How to record the data

The principal occupation is written down in the space provided.

A word or phrase that exactly describes the type of work that the enumerated person carries, or carried out should be used. Generic terms that do not give a clear idea of the type of work (e.g. worker, employee, office worker, or other similar descriptions) should be avoided.

To illustrate this further, the following examples are provided:
[The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer for principal occupation
(B) Correct answer for principal occupation

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: agricultural worker
Correct answer for principal occupation: cowboy; milker; coffee picker.

[p. 80]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: mechanic
Correct answer for principal occupation: auto mechanic; technician who makes dental parts; airplane mechanic.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: office worker
Correct answer for principal occupation: typist, secretary; bookkeeper; file clerk.
Incorrect answer for principal occupation: construction worker
Correct answer for principal occupation: mason; plumber; carpenter; house painter.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: engineer
Correct answer for principal occupation: civil engineer, sanitary engineer, mechanical engineer, chemist engineer.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: specialist
Correct answer for principal occupation: agronomist, accountant, specialist in marketing, industrial expert, specialist in agriculture.

[p. 81]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: technician
Correct answer for principal occupation: agricultural technician, biological and agronomical technician, technician in construction costs, technician in electronics.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: draftsman
Correct answer for principal occupation: general draftsman, draftsman in civil engineering, drawer of publications, illustrator.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: teacher
Correct answer for principal occupation: primary school teacher; rural teacher.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: director
Correct answer for principal occupation: primary school director, secondary-school director, director of institutes.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: professor
Correct answer for principal occupation: college professor, physical education instructor, language teacher, home education teacher, teacher for blind persons, professor of Neurological Units Institutes.

[p. 82]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: professional
Correct answer for principal occupation: geologist, sociologist, anthropologist, economist, statistician, doctor and surgeon, accountant and public auditor.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: analyst
Correct answer for principal occupation: analyst in marketing, systems analyst, professions analyst.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: public employee
Correct answer for principal occupation: president of organizations (executive, legislative, and judicial), vice president of organizations (executive, legislative and judicial), minister of State, vice minister, comptroller of accounts, municipal secretary, executive director, diplomatic, ambassador, customs worker, official.

[p. 83]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: manager
Correct answer for principal occupation: wholesale trade manager and administrator; manager and administrator of retail trade of food products; retail trade manager and administrator; manager and administrator of retail trade of clothing and footwear; manager and administrator of retail trade of vehicles, engines, and accessories; manager of manufacturing enterprise; manager of construction enterprise; financial manager; sales manager; administrative manager.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: administrator
Correct answer for principal occupation: manufacturing company administrator, construction company administrator, Montepío administrator, hotel manager, mining administrator.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: operator
Correct answer for principal occupation: operator of accountant machines, operator of ribbons and cards drills, radio operator.

[p. 84]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: agent
Correct answer for principal occupation: air traffic agent, shipping company agent, station agent, tourism agent, broker, insurance agent, advertising sales agent.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: laborer
Correct answer for principal occupation: agricultural laborer, agricultural laborer of vegetables, agricultural laborer of cotton, milker, agricultural laborer of sugarcane.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: weaver
Correct answer for principal occupation: loom operator; hat maker; hammock maker.

Finally, it is necessary to point out that, for professionals, the occupation usually corresponds to the profession.

However, some professionals could have carried out occupations outside of their specialty, in which case the occupation carried out is recorded and not the profession. For example, if a medical surgeon acted as the director of a hospital, the principal occupation is recorded: hospital director; if a lawyer worked as the manager of a textile company, the enumerator will write down: textile company manager.

If a person carries out various occupations that cannot be limited to one, the principal occupation should be determined according to the instructions given previously.

[p. 85]

3. Example:

[These instructions refer to a graphic of question 17 of the census form]

VII. People in the census household

17. Principal occupation

Questions for persons aged seven and older only
If the person is less than seven, do not ask him/her question 13-24. Instead, go to the next person on the list.

17. Principal occupation
Occupation means the type of work a person performed during the reference period, or that he/she performed in the last week that he/she worked (unemployed).

[p. 62]

If the person has more than one occupation, the term "principal occupation" refers to the one for which he/she receives more income, or the one at which he/she works the most hours.

Ask, "What was your principal occupation, work or trade during the reference week, or at the last job that you held?"

[A graphic of box 17, "principal occupation," is reproduced on the left-hand side of the page.]

On the blank lines, write out completely the jobs stated by the respondent. Use words or phrases that give specific details about the type of job or work the person does or did. Avoid using general terms that do not furnish a clear idea of the type of work referred to.

Information about the enumerated person's job is important in understanding the economic profile of the country, which is important for economic planning. There should always be an answer if the person has a job. Do not leave this area blank.

Principal occupation
The following is a list of examples demonstrating correct and incorrect ways of recording occupations.

[The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer for principal occupation
(B) Correct answer for principal occupation

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: mechanic.
Correct answer for principal occupation: automobile mechanic, technician who makes dental parts.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: secretary.
Correct answer for principal occupation: typist who transcribes documents, secretary who writes letters and answers the phone, secretary in charge of sales files.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: construction worker.
Correct answer for principal occupation: plumber who installs and repairs plumbing, bricklayer who prepares mortar and lays bricks, painter of interior and exterior walls.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: engineer.
Correct answer for principal occupation: civil engineer, chemical engineer, electrical engineer.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: teacher.
Correct answer for principal occupation: urban primary-school teacher, rural primary-school teacher, home-economics teacher, music education teacher.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: cashier.
Correct answer for principal occupation: department-store cashier, bank cashier, factory cashier.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: agricultural worker.
Correct answer for principal occupation: worker who plants tomatoes, worker who plants corn, worker who milks and cleans cows, worker who harvests coffee or sugarcane, etc.

[p. 64]

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: sales clerk.
Correct answer for principal occupation: counter clerk in a fabric store, counter clerk in footwear items, counter clerk in hardware items, counter clerk in office supplies.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: street vendor.
Correct answer for principal occupation: street vendor of brooms, street vendor of candy, street vendor of variety goods.

For example, if a surgeon worked as the director of a hospital during the reference week, write: "hospital director (public or private)" as his/her principal occupation.

If a lawyer worked as a factory manager in a factory producing cotton fabric during the reference week, write "manager of a factory producing cotton fabrics" as his/her principal occupation.

If the person you are enumerating has several jobs, remember to write the principal occupation according to the criteria written above.

Chapter VII. Characteristics of the people

For persons of age 7 years and older
[Questions 12 to 20 are for persons of age 7 years and older]

[Questions 18 to 20 are asked of persons who worked or experienced unemployed]

18. What is the occupation, type of work or main occupation done or that you do at this job? ________

Section 7: Individual characteristics

This section records individual information for a maximum of ten people - those listed in section 6, "total number of persons in the household." If there are more than ten people in the census household use as many additional forms as necessary.

[A graphic of the "individual characteristics", located at the top of section 7 of the census form, is included here.]

Person number: In the grid spaces on the upper left side of the form, write the number that corresponds to the person according to the order from the list of persons in section VI. The head of household is number 1.

Name: In the appropriate space, write the name of each of the persons who make up the household according to the order in which they appear on the list in question 3 of section VI. Begin with the head of household and continue writing according to the order established.

Information supplied by respondent: This is when the person interviewed gives information about his/her own self. Fill in the appropriate oval according to the information you receive.

Questions 1-11 should be asked for all permanent residents of the household in the dwelling.

Questions 12-20 are for persons aged seven or older.

The reference period for questions 16-20 is the week preceding the census date (from Sunday November 17 to Saturday November 23, 2002).

18. Principal occupation
Ask, "What occupation, type of work or job did the person perform in this job?"

[A graphic of question 18, from section 7 of the census form, is included here.]

If the person has more than one occupation, write the one that provides the most income. If they pay equally, write the one he/she worked at most during the reference week.

In the corresponding space, write the main occupation, type of work or job declared by the respondent, using words to describe exactly the task he/she performs. Avoid using general terms.

Examples of occupations:

[p. 67]

[The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer for occupation
(B) Correct answer for occupation

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Mechanic.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Automobile mechanic, technician who makes dental parts.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Secretary.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Typist who transcribes documents, secretary who writes letters and answers the phone, secretary in charge of sales files.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Construction worker.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Plumber who installs and repairs plumbing, bricklayer who prepares mortar and lays bricks, painter of interior and exterior walls.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Engineer.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Civil engineer, chemical engineer, electrical engineer.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Teacher.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Urban primary-school teacher, rural primary-school teacher, home-economics teacher, music education teacher.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Cashier.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Department-store cashier, bank cashier, factory cashier.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Agricultural worker.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Worker who plants tomatoes, worker who plants corn, worker who milks and cleans cows, worker who harvests coffee or sugarcane, etc.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Sales clerk.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Counter clerk in a fabric store, counter clerk in footwear items, counter clerk in hardware items, counter clerk in office supplies.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Street vendor.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Street vendor of brooms, Street vendor of candies, street vendor of several products.

For the population aged 10 years and above: Economic characteristics
[Questions 15-18 were asked of persons aged 10 years and above.]

16. Occupation ____
Write with the greatest precision the usual occupation that the person has, for instance: Farmer/Planter of, Wood carver/Cabinet maker, Shoemaker/Shoe repairs, Carpenter, Secretary/Typist, etc.

C. Economic characteristics for the population aged 10 and older

Column (16): Profession

136. Indicate very precisely:

Resident population aged 6 years and above
[Questions P13-P18 were asked of resident population aged 6 years and above.]

To be filled out only for employed and available unemployed persons
[Questions P16-P18 to be asked only for employed and available unemployed persons.]

P16 Occupation ____
[The French text says "Occupation or economic activity practiced"]

Column P16: Profession or economic activity exercised
By profession or economic activity exercised we mean:

a) "Job employed in" or position held" in the general case of a salaried employee, or;
b) "Profession engaged in" the case of a craftsman or a self-employed manual laborer, or of a professional, or;
c) "Economic activity exercised" in the fields of retail trade; artisanship; small and medium-sized businesses; transportation; agriculture; animal rearing; fishing; and the provision of services, generally for those who are self-employed or who provide the service as employer or owner.

For an employed person, ask the following question:
"In the course of the reference period, what profession did you practice or what economic activity were you engaged in?

The answer should be related to work actually completed by the person, and not to what he knows how to do, i.e., his professional training.

If the person was engaged in more than one economic activity during the reference period, ask him to tell you which he considers the most important, and write this activity in the questionnaire. However, do not write anything in the numbering grid.

For a person acknowledged as unemployed, i.e., who has worked in the past and has been without work, and searching for work, in the course of the reference period, ask the following question:

[p. 49]

"What was the last occupation, profession, position or economic activity that you engaged in before you became unemployed?"

The rules written above are useful to get the correct answer, which should be [written out] completely [in] the questionnaire. Be as strictly precise as possible when indicating the economic activity in question. For example, you should write:

"Banana planter," but never "planter."
"Primary school teacher," "secondary school teacher," "adjunct or graduate instructor," and not "teacher."
"Prefect," "Minister," "Secretary General," National Director," etc.
"Cabinet maker," "woodworker," "blacksmith," "shoemaker," "mason," "tanner," "weaver," "[dry] cleaner," but never "artisan."
"Donut seller," "peanut seller," "kola nut seller," "fish seller," "butcher," "street vendor", but never "seller/salesperson."
"Growing food crops,", rice planter, peanut planter, cattle farmer/breeder, sheep farmer/breeder, goat farmer/breeder but never write "agricultural worker," "cultivator", "breeder," "planter."
"Auto mechanic," "motorcycle mechanic," but never write "mechanic."
"Medical doctor," "lawyer," "university professor," but never write "doctor" or "teacher."
"Electrical engineer," "statistical engineer," "agricultural engineer," "civil engineer," electro-mechanical engineer," "forest resource engineer," but do not write, "engineer," "doctor in engineering," "engineering assistant," "adjunct engineer," etc.

III. Individual characteristics

Residents of 6 years or more
[Questions P22- P25 were asked of resident persons age 3 or more.]

P23. Employment activity

D. Economic characteristics
For persons 10 years and older.
[Questions 17-21 were asked of persons 10 years of age and older.]

19. Principal occupation: What type of work does this person do?

D) Economic characteristics
[Questions 17-21.]
Ask questions relative to the economic characteristics of people age 10 years old or more.

Question 19: Main occupation or profession
80. For the census, the profession refers to the type of work carried out by a person during the period of reference on which the data related to the economic characteristics are written down, no matter what the branch of economic activity or situation of the person in question in the profession.
For a person who has two or more professions it will be necessary to consider the profession in which he spends most of his time.

F3. Population aged 10 and older
[Questions 21-28 were asked for individuals 10 years of age and older.]

25. What is this person's principal job in this company?
____

For those who worked or looked for work
[Questions 17-19 were asked of people aged 10 years or older who worked or looked for a job]

18. What do or did you do?
Write the type of work done [by the person]

Economic characteristics
This section comprises questions 11 to 19 which are asked to persons aged 10 years or older.

Columns 17, 18, and 19: The last three questions are asked to all those who worked or sought employment; that is, to all those who have an answer in column 16 and those who despite not having worked all year, claimed to be seeking work.

Column number 18: What do you do or what did you do?
The type of work carried out by the person in the establishment declared in column 17 is written down in this column. For example: butler, agricultural worker, auto mechanic, carpenter, tailor, salesclerk, cashier, accountant, builder?s assistant, etcetera.

[p. 25]

Enumerators are begged to not use general terms, such as day laborer; the enumerator should write down more or less what the person does, for example: construction worker or road maintenance worker, coffee harvester, sugarcane harvester, insecticide sprayer, carpenter?s assistant, etcetera.

The enumerator should also not write down "office worker". For this type of employee, the enumerator should write: secretary, typist, expert [in an area]; for public employees, the name of the office should be written down.

C. - Economic Characteristics

(For all individuals 10 years of age and older)

15. What occupation or type of work did you engage in during the week of February 25th to March 2nd, or in the last job you had?

C. Economic Characteristics (For persons aged ten and older)
Do not ask persons aged less than ten any more questions from the form. Cross out questions 14-21 with a large X.

The answers in question set 14 are the basis for categorizing the population aged ten and older as economically active (employed and unemployed) and economically inactive (students, domestic work (unpaid), those who live from rental or investment income, retired workers and the disabled).

The questions in this section refer to the situation in the week immediately preceding the census date (the week of February 25-March 2).

Question set 15: What occupation, trade or type of job did you/the person perform during the week of February 25 - March 2, or in the last job that you/the person had?

Ask this question set only of those persons who answered option 1, 2 or 3 in the affirmative in question set 14. If the answer to these three options was negative, cross out the entire area related to question sets 15, 16 and 17 with a large X.

If the enumerated person states that he/she had more than one occupation, choose the principal occupation. This is the one at which the enumerated person earns the most money or spends the most time.

Write the principal occupation stated by the enumerated person in the space provided.

[p. 42]

When you write the principal occupation, use a word or phrase which describes exactly the kind of work that the enumerated person performs or used to perform. Avoid using general terms such as "worker," "employee," or "office worker" that do not provide a clear idea of the type of work performed. The following examples are provided to illustrate this point:

[The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer
(B) Correct answer

[p. 43]

It is important to note that a professional's job commonly corresponds to his/her profession. Nonetheless, some professionals may have performed work different from their area of specialization during the reference week. If this is the case, record the job that the person did and not the profession. For example, if a surgeon worked managing a hospital, write "Hospital director" as the principal occupation. Similarly, if a lawyer managed a textile company, write "Manager of textile company."

If the person has various occupations and cannot specify a particular one, indicate the principal one according to the definition given above.

For persons who are looking for work for the first time write "New Worker."

C. Economic characteristics

21. What is the occupation, job, or position that you hold or held?

C. Economic characteristics

21. What is the occupation, job, or position that you hold or held?
This question is asked to those who answered from 1-4 in question 19 and who answered "yes" to question 20.

[p. 52]

The type of work should be written down in the most complete form possible, indicating the specialty of the occupation in the space of the two lines provided.

Even though the occupation usually coincides with the profession, the enumerator should try to differentiate in the cases where applicable. A doctor can have the occupation of the administration of a hospital, an engineer can be the manager of a company, a lawyer can work as a court Judge, etcetera.

[These instructions refer to two illustrations of occupations.]

So that the enumerator can better understand how to fill in the description of the occupation, some examples of correct and incorrect annotations are given below. [The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer
(B) Correct answer

Section F. Characteristics of the persons

For persons 7 years old or more
[Questions 12-16 were asked of persons aged 7 years or older]

14. What is the name of the principal occupation, job or post that [the person] does or did in this job? For example: corn farmer, furniture carpenter, bus driver, etc.

Only for persons who answered in Block A
[Questions 14-16 were asked of persons who marked any option of block A of question 13]

Question 14: What is the name of the principal occupation, profession, or position that you held or hold in that job?
Example: corn farmer, furniture carpenter, bus driver, grocery vendor, etc.

Write, over the lines, the name of the principal occupation, employment, profession, or position of work that the informant states. When you receive answers that are not very precise, such as worker, employee, public official, laborer, employer, etc., you should determine with exactitude, what the task is that the person does.

In many cases, the profession refers to the occupation, for example: a doctor can have as his occupation being the administrator of the hospital, an engineer can be the manager of a business, a lawyer can have the job of judge, etc.

In many cases, the occupation is synonymous with the job that the person performs, for example: president of the Republic, president of the National Congress, municipal mayor, municipal official, executive secretary, school director, hospital director, orchestra director, etc.

[p. 52]

Some examples of occupations and the correct form to write them on the form:

[First column]
Police agent
Coffee grower
Corn farmer
Construction laborer
Assistant construction laborer
Barber or hairdresser
Bartender
Carpenter, chair manufacturer
Truck driver
Animal slaughterer
Census enumerator
Supervisor of mail office
Nurse in a health care center
Plumber
Make clay bricks

[Second column]
Make cement blocks
Make hats
Make tortillas
Wash and iron clothing
Butler or overseer
Milker
Baker or make bread
Fisherman
Elementary school teacher
Store manager
Tire repairman
Automobile vehicle repairman
Tailor of men's clothing
Planter of agricultural crops
Arc welder
Grocery vendor
Tortilla vendor

To strengthen knowledge, it is necessary that during the training you make a list of the most frequent occupations that exist in the villages and the municipalities.

III. Occupation Data of the Person Enumerated
[Questions 16-22.]

For those who are 14 years and older (born in 1955 or earlier)
[Questions 16-22. Questions 16-17 determined employment status, and questions 18-22 were asked only of those employed.]

20. Occupation, main activity, post, scope of activity ____

20. Occupation, main activity, status, scope of activity

The occupation of the persons at the reference date of the census should be entered.
In case of persons having several occupations (having secondary employment, second job) the main activity should be recorded that is the one performed in the larger part of the year, i.e. the one regarded by the person as his/her main activity.

Precise and detailed definition
The occupation should be entered precisely and detailed otherwise the entry will not reveal the actual activity, assignment, scope of work of the particular person. Sweeping expressions such as labourer, outside worker, semi-skilled worker, merchant, clerk, foreman, teacher, etc. should not be used. Below you will find some examples of correct entries which of course relate to some definite cases nevertheless they might give suggestions for the details of the specification required.

Correct entries are e.g. trammer in brigade, operator of bolting-machine, carpenter, foreman of engine fitters, embroiderer, labeller, pocket gluer, digger's foreman, fruit and vegetable merchant, foreman in a finances, payroll-clerk, primary school teacher, etc.

[p.29]

Similarly detailed description of the activity is necessary in case of persons working as rapporteurs, executives, section heads, persons employed in technical, research and other. The correct entries in the later cases might be such as head of department/sanitary physician, rapporteur/mechanical engineer, researcher chemist, university professor/surgeon, etc.

Working in agriculture
As described above also in case of the persons having an agricultural occupation and members of agricultural co-operatives a detailed definition of the work performed should be given, e.g. breeder of animal husbandry, plant cultivator, guard of agricultural land, mixer of fodder, teamster, gardener, etc. In case of agricultural private entrepreneurs the following -- or similar - answers could be given: vineyardist, vegetable gardener, etc.

Agricultural day-labourer
The entry "agricultural day-laborer" can be applied in case of persons performing agricultural activity only occasionally and at the reference date of the census do not have a working contract and are not members of an agricultural cooperative either.
Private artisan, merchant and their relatives
The persons working in the workshop, store or venture (in general) of the head of household or that of one of the members of the household regularly and without material compensation should be regarded as family helper.

Persons who might have a family helper are:

• Craftsmen (carpenters, bricklayers, etc.) as private entrepreneurs;
• Merchants as private entrepreneurs.
• In case of a family helper it is not sufficient to enter the expression "family helper"; the exact definition of the workplace should be registered too, e.g.
• Family helper of a private upholsterer;
• Family helper of a private fruits and vegetables merchant.

Unskilled worker

The scope of activity should be recorded properly in case of a person employed as unskilled laborer too, e.g. cleaner, roustabout, material handler, etc.

Causal hand

If the scope of activity of a person's work outside the agriculture can not be properly defined due the fact that his employer or activity is not stable, the answer "casual hand" should be entered.

Living from earning of land, house, etc.

In case of persons having agricultural land, a house or a dwelling for rent and their income is exclusively the rental fee received from the lessee -- that is they do not have a working contract and are not pensioners either -- the entry might be: "living of having sub-tenants in the dwelling", "living of letting agricultural land", "living of life-annuity contract".