21. Whether the respondent had a job or income-producing business during the week preceding the census i.e. from October 4 - 11 (including those who are temporarily absent from their job)

Questions 22-24 were asked of those who had a job or income-producing business.

23. Occupation at the main workplace ___

Your occupation, occupied position, or activity in the main workplace

For those people who had any paid work or profitable job from October 4 to 11 (for whom code "1" was written in the 26th question), the detailed description of the type of the occupation, which they do in the workplace, mentioned in the 27th question, is written:

1) If the respondent had more than one job, and in the observed period he/she was temporary absent from the main workplace, than information on occupation, occupied position or the work (activities) should be completed according to the main workplace (activity) as in the question 27.
2) The occupation or/and occupied position must be written in detail mentioning the type of the work. It's not allowed to write "manager", "master", "typist", "operator" and so on (because most of them have the same name, but they belong to the different sphere of activity), instead it must be written "manager of the library", "manager of the marketing department", "computer operator", "camera operator", and so on.
3) If the title of position, for example "1st class specialist", doesn't allow to define the occupation, the brief job description should be written.
4) For those people who work in their own organizations without hiring people or engaging them in work time after time, the title of the occupation (handicraft) is written; for example "dentist", "sewer" and so on. In case of engaging employees, i.e. he/she is an employer, regardless of his/her occupation in the organization - "director" is written.
5) The detailed description of the wok done is written for those people who do diverse works (except agriculture) that doesn't require a specialization.
6) If the respondent is engaged in farming and produce agricultural products, "Engaged in crop production" or "Engaged in production of milk, eggs", etc. is written, with further explanation whether it whether the production was intended for their own consumption, selling or for other purposes.
7) If the respondent has done different type of agricultural works, and it is difficult to record them separately, than "Engaged in cultivation of agricultural crops" or "Engaged in raising of livestock", or "Engaged in cultivation of agricultural crops and raising of livestock" is written.
8) For those people who work in the organizations that belong to the member of the family, without payment, as an occupation is written the one they are engaged in most of the time. For example, if the member of the family most of the time is engaged in unloading of goods, "porter" is written.
9) For those people who serve in the army, then write "serves in the army."

16. During the last week (or in your last job if unemployed), what was your principal occupation? Do not write worker or manual laborer without specifying more clearly. Write, for example: mining drill operator, automobile mechanic, grocery sales, potato grower, domestic employee, etc.

45. During the past week, what was your main occupation?

Question 45. During the last week, what was your principal occupation?

This question is an open question in which the principal occupation is written in the boxes with the most detail possible.

For example:

Small barley farmer.

If the person has two occupations to which the same amount of working time is dedicated, the occupation that the interviewed person considers to be principal is recorded. The most important characteristic is that the person recognizes it as his principal occupation.

The following is a list of some occupations in [Bolivia] and the correct manner to record them:

[The chart of occupations is not translated into English.]

A25. (Occupation) What type of work did [the person] do in the past 7 days?

(Probe as necessary, use two or more words to describe the occupation)

114. Column A24: Occupation

Q: What type of work did [the person] do in the past 7 days?

A person's occupation depends on the tasks and duties, which the person performs. Remember that if a person worked at all during the past 7 days, whether for cash or not, and for however short a period, then you should try to find out what kind of work the person did. You should try to get the respondent to give both a job title and a two- or three-word description of the tasks performed. For example, if a person states that he is a mechanic, ask him what he repairs. You should record his response in the unshaded area of column A24 as follows: "mechanic, fixes cars" or "mechanic, fixes radios". Use the comments box if you need more space.

If a person moved from job to job you should enter the most recent occupation even if it only lasted for a day or two. This may happen with people who are casual labourers.

If a person has more than one occupation, record the one on which he spends the most time. However, if someone has a temporary job during the school holidays - but has a permanent job during term time, it is his permanent occupation that should be described. A census enumerator or supervisor who is a schoolteacher during term time must therefore be described as "primary school teacher" or "secondary school teacher".

Probing for better occupational information: You will usually have to probe the respondent to get good information about a person's occupation. For example, people who make things (bread, clothing, pottery, wood objects, tools, beer, food products, furniture, bricks, etc.) should be asked how they make them. It is important to find out whether they mostly use their hands or hand-held tools, or whether they mostly produce these goods by operating machinery. A person who brews beer at home using traditional techniques belongs to a different occupational category from a person who operates a machine that ferments the grains used in making beer. (See probing examples below).

You should also probe when the information provided by the respondent does not seem reasonable. For example, if a person has only completed Form 4, it seems unlikely that he or she could be an auditor or an engineer. If you probe, you may discover that the person is actually an accounting clerk or an engineering assistant.

[Table in P. 37-41 of the original document which provides specific examples of how to probe for better occupational information and response suggested probing questions is omitted here]

Economic activity

Occupation
23. What type of work did [the respondent] do in the past 7 days? To be precise, what were the main tasks and duties?

145. Column A18-A25
These questions apply only to persons aged 12 and years and over. If the person is less than 12 years of age, then when you reach column A16 you should put dashes in the shaded areas for columns A16-A31 and proceed to the next listed person in the household.

152. Column A24: Occupation
Q. What type of work did the respondent do in the past 7 days?
A person's occupation depends on the tasks and duties, which the person performs. Remember that if a person worked at all during the past 7 days, whether for cash or not, and for however short a period, then you should try to find out what kind of work the person did. You should try to get the respondent to give both a job title and a two- or three-word description of the tasks performed. For example, if a person states that he/she is a mechanic, ask him/her what he/she repairs.

You should record his/her response in the unshaded area of column A24 as follows: "mechanic fixes cars" or "mechanic, fixes radios". Use the comments box if you need more space. If a person moved from one job to another, you should enter the most recent occupation even if it only lasted for a day or two. This may happen with people who are casual laborers. If a person has more than one occupation, record the one on which he/she spends most of his/her time. However, if someone has a temporary job during the school holidays - but has a permanent job during term time-it is his/her permanent occupation that should be described. A census enumerator or supervisor who is a schoolteacher during term time must therefore be described as "primary school teacher" or "secondary school teacher".

You will usually have to probe the respondent to get good information about a person's occupation. For example, people who make things (bread, clothing, pottery, wood objects, tools, beer, food products, furniture, bricks, etc.) should be asked how they make them. It is important to find out whether they mostly use their hands or hand-held tools, or whether they mostly produce these goods by operating machinery. A person who brews beer at home using traditional techniques belongs to a different occupational category from a person who operates a machine that ferments the grains used in making beer. (See probing examples below). You should also probe when the information provided by the respondent does not seem reasonable. For example, if a person has only completed Form 4, it seems unlikely that he/she could be an auditor or an engineer. If you probe, you may discover that the person is actually an accounting clerk or an engineering assistant.

[Table omitted]

___ 17 Occupation (Name of Occupation)

Columns 16 to 20

99. Information in these Columns should be filled-in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 15) or unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 15. For unemployed (not employed before) i.e. Code 3 in Column 15 and inactive population i.e. any Code from 4 to 8 in Column 15, no information can be furnished in Columns 16 to 20 and hence enter dash (--) in each of these Columns for these persons. Following are the instructions for filling-in Columns 16 to 20 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 15. The information to be filled-in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 15). In the case of unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 15, the information to be filled-in will relate to last employment held by that person.

Column 17: Occupation

101. Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager etc.).

[20] Occupation ____ _ _ _

77. Column 20: Occupation
Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager etc.)
77.1 You must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/ she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator etc. Do not write "Casual Laborer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/ she was a construction worker, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/ she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/ she was doing mostly (i.e. most time) and record the same.

Columns 17 to 21

100. Information in these Columns should be filled in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 16) or unemployed (employed before) (Code 2 in Column 16). For unemployed (not employed before) (Code 3 in Column 16) and mainly inactive population (any Code from 4 to 8 in Column 16), no information can be furnished in Columns 17 to 21 and hence enter dash (-) in each of these Columns for these persons. The following are the instructions for filling in Columns 17 to 21 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 16. The information to be filled in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 16). In the case of unemployed (employed before) (Code 2 in Column 16), the information to be filled in will relate to last employment held by that person.

Column 18: Occupation

102. Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager, etc.).

102.1 You must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator, etc. Do not write "Casual Laborer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/she was a construction worker, loader, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/she was doing mostly and record this.

12. Describe the occupation, position, or type of work carried out in the current job (or previously, if unemployed). Examples: bricklayer, pediatrician, tailor, auto mechanic, textile machinist, street vendor, etc. [3 blank lines for answer]

For the principal job
[Applies to questions 15-18]

17. What is the occupation or position that ____ holds in this job?

Question 17: Principal Occupation

With this question the type of job that the person did in the reference week is determined and so being able to know the composition of the employment according to occupation. Also it is important as an indicator of socioeconomic condition.

[To the right of the text is a form.]

[Below the text is a picture of a teacher.]

Equal to question 16 (industry), the type of work should be written down completely, so that the occupation that persons do can be clearly distinguished.

Do not confuse occupation with the craft or profession for which they were prepared, since the occupation is determined by the activities that are done in the current job, and not by the degrees or crafts that the person possesses.

Example:

A man has worked many years as a carpenter, which he considers as his craft; nevertheless, he declares that for six months he has been working as a guard in a factory that trained him about handling firearms and security procedures. His type of work or occupation is "security guard of a factory" and among his jobs you should specify that along with guarding and making his rounds, he handles firearms.

Some following examples of correct and incorrect forms of obtaining this information are shown, that will surely help you understand what is asked for:

[Below are two columns, one marked "Incorrect Annotation" and one marked "Correct Annotation". I am going to translate them without using two columns.]

17. What did you do during the week before September 7?

18. What is the principal occupation or job that you did in this work?

13. Main occupation for persons (in details) ________

14. The primary profession for members

2. Persons age 10 or older
[Questions 14-21 were asked of persons age 10 or older]

[Questions 16-20 were asked of persons age 10 or older with employment or who performed some other activity, per questions 14 and 15.]

18. What is the occupation, job or position that you hold or held in the establishment?

18. Principal occupation
What is the occupation, job or duty that you perform or performed in your work?

21. What is the occupation, job or position which you perform or used to perform at work?

Question 21: What is the occupation, job, or position that you perform or used to perform at work?

[Questions 30-32 were asked for person's age 10+ who were engaged in economic activity, unemployed with previous work experience, or had work but did not work in the last 12 months.]

30. What was the main occupation?

Column 30: What is (NAME's) occupation?

In this column data is collected only for those who have been engaged in productive work during most of the last months (column 28 code 1), unemployed with previous work experience (column 29 code 02) and for who had work but did not work during the last 1 months (column 29 code 03). The concerned persons either have at least one job or had work in the previous time.

When enquiring is done about the occupation, do not ask the type of products ask the type of wok. For example, for copy typist whether she works in hospital or factory the type of occupation recorded for her is "Typist'. In this column, register the type of occupation in the pace provided, codes are entered at the head office by the census questionnaire editors.

Try to be specific when you register the type of occupation so that no problem will be arises during coding is done for the registered type of occupation. For example, since elementary school teachers and high school teachers have different codes do not write only teacher, write the type of school they are teaching or used to teach. In similar case, trained, skilled and traditional farmers have different occupation codes. In addition, guessing the type of occupation based on the name of organization or institution is not correct. For example, in one mining factory we can find the general manager, executive secretary, chemists, engineers, casher, accountants, surveyors, soil laboratory technicians, machine operators, drivers, daily labourers, etc. and all have different codes. Even for similar work of if the skill of the operator or the type of machine they are operating is different, the code given is different.
Pg 72
On the service trade side also it needs to give due attention when writing the occupation type. For example, cashers, sales clerks, kiosk workers, etc. have different codes.

Sometimes we can face persons who have engaged in more than one type of occupation. In such case, record only one type occupation that the person is spent most of his/her time during the last 12 months.

In order to simplify enumerators' work, the lists of some occupation types are given below. Therefore, the numerators are requested to see the lists in detail before start filling in the answers in the space provided.

[Examples of occupations, pages 73-75 have been removed]

15. Profession currently practiced ____

18a. What is your current occupation (or what was your occupation the last time you worked)?
(Answer only if the response to question 16 was 1 or 2, i.e., "Working" or "Looking for Work.")
Give a full description (e.g., Assistant Accountant)
___

18b. What are your main duties and responsibilities at this job (or what were your main duties and responsibilities at your last job)?
(e.g., book-keeping)
___

For persons of age 7 years and older
[Questions 12 to 20 are for persons of age 7 years and older]

[Questions 18 to 20 are asked of persons who worked or experienced unemployed]

18. What is the occupation, type of work or main occupation done or that you do at this job? ________

This section records individual information for a maximum of ten people - those listed in section 6, "total number of persons in the household." If there are more than ten people in the census household use as many additional forms as necessary.

[A graphic of the "individual characteristics", located at the top of section 7 of the census form, is included here.]

Person number: In the grid spaces on the upper left side of the form, write the number that corresponds to the person according to the order from the list of persons in section VI. The head of household is number 1.

Name: In the appropriate space, write the name of each of the persons who make up the household according to the order in which they appear on the list in question 3 of section VI. Begin with the head of household and continue writing according to the order established.

Information supplied by respondent: This is when the person interviewed gives information about his/her own self. Fill in the appropriate oval according to the information you receive.

Questions 1-11 should be asked for all permanent residents of the household in the dwelling.

Questions 12-20 are for persons aged seven or older.

The reference period for questions 16-20 is the week preceding the census date (from Sunday November 17 to Saturday November 23, 2002).

18. Principal occupation
Ask, "What occupation, type of work or job did the person perform in this job?"

[A graphic of question 18, from section 7 of the census form, is included here.]

If the person has more than one occupation, write the one that provides the most income. If they pay equally, write the one he/she worked at most during the reference week.

In the corresponding space, write the main occupation, type of work or job declared by the respondent, using words to describe exactly the task he/she performs. Avoid using general terms.

Examples of occupations:

[The original document includes a table below.]

[Column headings:]
(A) Incorrect answer for occupation
(B) Correct answer for occupation

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Mechanic.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Automobile mechanic, technician who makes dental parts.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Secretary.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Typist who transcribes documents, secretary who writes letters and answers the phone, secretary in charge of sales files.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Construction worker.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Plumber who installs and repairs plumbing, bricklayer who prepares mortar and lays bricks, painter of interior and exterior walls.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Engineer.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Civil engineer, chemical engineer, electrical engineer.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Teacher.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Urban primary-school teacher, rural primary-school teacher, home-economics teacher, music education teacher.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Cashier.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Department-store cashier, bank cashier, factory cashier.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Agricultural worker.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Worker who plants tomatoes, worker who plants corn, worker who milks and cleans cows, worker who harvests coffee or sugarcane, etc.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Sales clerk.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Counter clerk in a fabric store, counter clerk in footwear items, counter clerk in hardware items, counter clerk in office supplies.

Incorrect answer for principal occupation: Street vendor.
Correct answer for principal occupation: Street vendor of brooms, Street vendor of candies, street vendor of several products.

To be filled out only for employed and available unemployed persons
[Questions P16-P18 to be asked only for employed and available unemployed persons.]

P16 Occupation ____
[The French text says "Occupation or economic activity practiced"]

For persons 7 years old or more
[Questions 12-16 were asked of persons aged 7 years or older]

14. What is the name of the principal occupation, job or post that [the person] does or did in this job? For example: corn farmer, furniture carpenter, bus driver, etc.

Question 14: What is the name of the principal occupation, profession, or position that you held or hold in that job?
Example: corn farmer, furniture carpenter, bus driver, grocery vendor, etc.

Write, over the lines, the name of the principal occupation, employment, profession, or position of work that the informant states. When you receive answers that are not very precise, such as worker, employee, public official, laborer, employer, etc., you should determine with exactitude, what the task is that the person does.

In many cases, the profession refers to the occupation, for example: a doctor can have as his occupation being the administrator of the hospital, an engineer can be the manager of a business, a lawyer can have the job of judge, etc.

In many cases, the occupation is synonymous with the job that the person performs, for example: president of the Republic, president of the National Congress, municipal mayor, municipal official, executive secretary, school director, hospital director, orchestra director, etc.

[p. 52]

Some examples of occupations and the correct form to write them on the form:

[First column]
Police agent
Coffee grower
Corn farmer
Construction laborer
Assistant construction laborer
Barber or hairdresser
Bartender
Carpenter, chair manufacturer
Truck driver
Animal slaughterer
Census enumerator
Supervisor of mail office
Nurse in a health care center
Plumber
Make clay bricks

[Second column]
Make cement blocks
Make hats
Make tortillas
Wash and iron clothing
Butler or overseer
Milker
Baker or make bread
Fisherman
Elementary school teacher
Store manager
Tire repairman
Automobile vehicle repairman
Tailor of men's clothing
Planter of agricultural crops
Arc welder
Grocery vendor
Tortilla vendor

To strengthen knowledge, it is necessary that during the training you make a list of the most frequent occupations that exist in the villages and the municipalities.

24. Occupation ________

23. Occupation, Industry, "Employment status", Columns 24, 25 and 26
Fill these columns for any 10 years old and above member of the household who have worked in the last 7 days, or have a job but have not worked in the past 7 days for specific reasons (codes 1 and 2 in column 23) and leave it blank for other members.
Note:

23.1. Occupation, Column 24
Occupation is the type of the work (based on the definition of work and its examples) which has been performed by the individual during the past 7 days. In case of temporarily absent individuals, occupation is the type of the work they have carried out during the time of employment.
All of the mentioned occupations for this question will be coded based on the standard international occupation categorization. Therefore it is necessary to write the name of the occupation clearly and detailed in this column.

The following examples are to illustrate this matter:

Questions 26-28 for those who are working, doing unpaid work in the household business, or are temporarily absent from work

27. Job (It should be avoided to write general titles such as clerk, farmer, and self-employment) ____

[Answer questions 15-16 for codes 01-07 in question 14]

15.What was [the respondent's] main occupation during the last 12 months?

Three different questions are asked to collect labour market information. The questions are interrelated and the purpose of each question must be clearly understood. Explain to the respondent that you will start by asking information on his/her employment status, then his/her profession and lastly about the sector s/he was working in.

Question 15: What was [the respondent's] main occupation during the last twelve months?
The purpose of this question is to collect information on the occupation of the respondent.
This question is put to persons coded 01 to 07 in question 14, i.e. paid employees, employers, own account workers and unpaid family workers. Record "N/A" for all others.

Occupation refers to the type of work, trade or profession performed by an individual during the last 12 months, irrespective of the industry or status in employment of the individual. Where multiple occupations are common, the main or usual occupation should be determined. This is done by determining the duration of work in each occupation during the last 12 months.

For persons with more than one occupation at the same time, record the persons main occupation - where s/he spends most of the time.

Write a short description of the type of work the person performed for most of the last twelve months preceding the census night. The type of work should be recorded as fully as possible, e.g. grocery retailed seller, wood carpenter, key punch operator, motor vehicle

p.24

mechanic panel beating foreman etc. Avoid unclear descriptions as operator, foreman etc. If the occupation in very rare cases is not known, write "999".

[Questions 25-27 were asked of persons who worked for at least one hour during the last 7 days or had a job to return to.]

C25. Occupation

(a) What is your occupation? ____

(b) Please describe your duties/ nature of work. ____

(c) In which sector is your occupation?

For persons aged 12 years and over:

32. Occupation ____

Column 32
Occupation
Describe as clearly and as precisely as possible the work which the person was doing. Do not describe the job for which the person has been trained, but the job which he was actually doing. For example, if a lorry driver worked as a bricklayer, write 'bricklayer'.

Do not use vague terms such as clerk, driver, factory worker, supervisor, repair technician, teacher, etc. Use precise terms such as filing clerk, accounts clerk, bus driver, bus conductor, taxi car driver, lorry driver, cabinet maker, supervisor of sewing machine operators, supervisor of road repair workers, car repair mechanic, television repair technician, telephone operator, primary school teacher, etc.

For members of religious orders engaged in activities such as primary school teaching, nursing, etc., you should report these activities rather than their religious activity.
Do not hesitate to use creole terms, if necessary, to describe an occupation.

For persons aged 12 years and over.
(Questions 28 to 33 refer to the person's job or business during the past week. If person had no job last week, answer for his/her last job. If person had more than one job last week, answer for the job at which he/she worked the most hours.)

31. Occupation _ _ _ _

[Columns 28 to 33 are for persons who have ever worked. Information is required on the person's work during the past week. If person had more than one job last week, answer for the job at which he/she worked the most hours. If person had no job last week, answer for his/her last job.]

Column 31 - Occupation
Describe as clearly and as precisely as possible the work which the person was doing. Do not describe the job for which the person has been trained, but the job which he was actually doing. For example, if a lorry driver worked as a bricklayer, write 'Bricklayer'.
Do not use vague terms such as clerk, driver, factory worker, supervisor, repair technician, teacher, etc. Use precise terms such as filing clerk, accounts clerk, bus driver, bus conductor, taxicar driver, lorry driver, cabinet maker, supervisor of sewing machine operators, supervisor of road repair workers, car repair mechanic, television repair technician, telephone operator, primary school teacher, etc.
For members of religious orders engaged in activities such as primary school teaching, nursing, etc., you should report these activities rather than their religious activity.
Do not hesitate to use creole terms, if necessary, to describe an occupation.

16. Occupations ____ _ _ _ _

Guideline to fill Questions number 15-19 of the Questionnaire

The enumerator should fill out the questions related to the employment and main activity of enterprise, with many details (not general) and make it easy to understand for coding people. In the employment section, if the person is a teacher, it should be clarified by asking what does he or she teaches? There is an example to make it more understandable.

A. The main activity of person should be detailed. For instance, the person would say his or her employment as a manager and should indicate his or her main activity as an "industry and trade". In this case, the enumerator should ask if he is a sales manager or general manager and at which division does he or she work for? What kind of economic activity does your enterprise do?

[p. 30]

It should be clarified by asking "Do you have salary? Do you own this enterprise? If he or she does not own this enterprise or contributed his or her own property to this enterprise, he or she will be defined as a contract worker.

2. If a person owns that enterprise, the main activity of the enterprise will remain the same as a "trade" and his or her employment would be a "sales person". It should be clarified with many details that trade is wholesale, retail trade or intellectual work trade. For instance, wholesale of vegetables, retail trade of shoes in the black market.

In this case, the person who works in the wholesale trade of vegetables as a salesperson is a contract worker because he or she gets paid working as a salesperson. It must be clarified that whose property is in this trade, if he or she did not contribute any property to this trade, he or she will be defined as a contract employer.

3. Occupational jobs should be clarified in a very detailed manner, too. If the person is an operator, it should be clarified what kind of machine or equipment operator does he or she do? For instance, the person who works at "Hotol cement" company as an operator, he or she should answer own employment as following:

In this case, it is understandable or certain, a person who works at a cement company as a paid employer and his or her employment status will be defined as a contract employer.

[p. 31]

B. Example to fill in the questions about employment of person who work at more than one job

1. If a person worked at more than one job one week prior to the reference period, the main job should be registered in the questionnaire. The main job is the one that was worked at the longest during the reference period (1 week) of the census. If the worked hours at both jobs is the same, then the job with the higher income will be registered in the questionnaire. For instance, accountant Ms. Dulmaa works at a commercial bank as a general accountant but also works at small private shop as a accountant, the main job will be a general accountant and the main economic activity will be registered as an "activity of monetary circulation".

In this case, Ms. Dulmaa works at the commercial bank as a general accountant and she is a contract worker. Because she gets paid working as a general accountant, it should be clarified whose property is in the commercial bank, and if she did not contribute any property to this bank, her employment will be defined as a contract employer.

C. An example to fill the questions about self-employed person.

1. Questions 15-18, related to the employment of person aged 15 and over who works at household businesses (livestock, farming etc) except the head of households, should be filled out as follows:

People who do not get paid from their work in a household business should have their employment status defined as "unpaid family worker". The employment status of those people cannot be defined as "self-employed" because they are participating in their own household business but are not engaged with any industrial activity that is independent.

[p. 32]

2. If a person engages in the household business and hires any other household members permanently, the employment status of the head of household will be defined as a" employer" not self-employed.

The employment status of the person who is engaged in retail trade, craftsman or service without any permission, will be filled out as "self-employed" because they are engaged with their own business that is independent. If a person says that he or she works at a car cleaning service, it should be clarified by asking, what kind of car does he/she clean, where does he or she work?

24. What kind of activity is executed in the place where (the person) currently works at?

P24. What kind of business is held in place where you usually work?
Read the question and then write the specific name of the company's main activity or institution in which the interviewee works or activity that the respondent performs on your own.
Keep in mind that:

Main occupation
15. What did/does the person do in their main job? ____

Question 15: Main occupation
With this question we want to know what the person did, has done, or does in his/her principal work, which means the tasks the person carries out. What occupation did the person have, what was the person's position, or what type of work did the person do in the week before the day of the census or in his/her last day of work?

If the person has more than one occupation, you will note the one to which the person dedicates the greatest number of hours, or if he/she dedicated the same number of hours, the one that provided the greatest income. If it is the case of the same number of hours and equal income, then the principal occupation will be the one that the enumerated person considers to be the most important.

Recommendations:
1) The occupation should be noted clearly and with all of the details.

2) Do not write in general terms, such as: salesman, employee, office worker, worker, assistant, driver, etc., instead it is necessary that you clearly explain as shown in the following cases:

• Salesman: door-to-door salesman, salesman who roams from area to area, newspaper salesman, salesman in a clothing shop, wholesale salesman, retail salesman
• Worker: construction laborer, carpenter, framer, baker, lathe worker, plumber
• Agricultural worker: milker, pruner, coffee harvester, cutter of sugar cane, coffee, cotton, etc., corral worker
• Employee/office worker: typist, commercial secretary, executive secretary, bilingual secretary, commercial accountant, public accountant, bookkeeper
• Mechanic: automobile mechanic, motorcycle mechanic, dental mechanic, aviation mechanic, refrigeration and air conditioning mechanic
• Teacher: elementary school teacher, high school teacher, university professor, physical education teacher, teacher of dance, singing, swimming, beauty, etc.

28. What work did [the person] do/used to do in his/her principal job? ____

For persons age 10 or older (Questions 19-31)

Question 28. What did [the person] do/used to do in his/her principal job?

Write clearly and with full details the job or occupation that the person states as his/her principal job.

If the person states that s/he has more than one job, write down the one that the person spends more time at each week. If the person has two jobs at which s/he works the same number of hours, write down the job that provides more income. If the hours and income are the same, write down the one the person considers most important.

Don't confuse the person's profession with the job or occupation s/he currently holds. For example:
A) If a certified accountant states that s/he works as a primary school teacher, write "Primary school teacher" and not "Certified accountant" as the occupation.
B) If an auto mechanic states that s/he is working as a driver, write "Taxi driver" or "Bus driver", as appropriate, and not "Auto mechanic".

18. What occupation, position or job did you do week or the last time you worked?

Question No. 18: What occupation, position or job did you do last week or the last time you worked?

For a person who works you should ask what occupation, trade or job was done last week; if the person has more than one job, write down the occupation of the principal job. Consider as the principal job as the one which produces the largest income.
For a person who answers that they did not work, you should ask what occupation, trade or job they did the last time they worked. Write down in the designed space the principal occupation, the employment or job that they did the last time they worked. If an unemployed person never has worked, but rather is looking for their first employment, mark the corresponding circle and go to question 23. The highest age for these persons is 29 if male and 45 if female, investigate the cause and make the respective observations.
Write down in this question the specific occupation that is done in the job of the enumerated person, avoiding vague or generic terms. Example:

[Below the text is a chart with 2 columns, one called "information" and one called "you should right down".]

If code 01, 02, 03, or 04 is circled in Question 17, ask question 18 and 19. Otherwise, skip to question 20 for females only.
[Questions 18-19 were asked of persons who worked in the last 7 days, per question 17.]

18. Kind of Work (Occupation)

16(a). What kind of work did the respondent do in the last seven days?

16(b). What are the main tasks/duties done in that work?

The economic questions are an important part of the census form. The economic questions for each person over 10 years are in Question 15 to 19.
The census provides the chance for us to find out what kind of work people do. Work that earns some income or helps to support the family, such as growing food, is called "economic activity". Some people are not economically active. On the information collected, community needs can be identified. Better plans can be in place.

Question 16: Occupation
A person's occupation is what the person does for their economic activity. It is the kind of work they do.
There are two parts to this question. Q16 (a) is for the name or description of the occupation and Q16 (b) says what duties the person actually does. It is important to fill out both parts of the question.

Q16 (a). What kind of work did the person do in last 7 days ____
.
(Describe the kind of activity, work e.g., plumber, street seller, kaukau farmer, car mechanic)

Q16 (b). What was the main task/duties done in that work? ____

(Describe the kind of tasks or duties Done in the work stated in Q16 (a), e.g. Mending taps, selling betel nut, weeding garden, fixing car engines).

Who to ask: Ask the head of the household or the person responding.

Get this information for: All persons 10 years and older who said they were economically active in the past 7 days, i.e. Code 1 to 6 in Q15.

How to ask: "What kind of work did you(he/she) do in the last 7 days?"
Write the answer to this question and then follow up with Q16 (b).
"What is the main task/duty you (he/she) do in that work?"

[P. 97]

How to record: Give a brief answer for both parts. At least two words are neccesary to give a job description.

Note: In Q16a, the description should usually be two words. In Q16b, give duties or tasks briefly to help give an accurate code.

For individuals 10 years of age and older

25. What is (or was) your principal occupation in your work? Specify the duties. ____ _ _ _ _

Question 25: What is (or was) your principal occupation in your job? Specify the task.

You should write the occupation in detail. For example: auto mechanic. If the person has more than one occupation, the informant should define the principal occupation.

Leave the space at the bottom blank. It is for office use.

[p. 43]

Below you will find a list of some examples of occupations and the correct manner for writing them.

Incorrect annotation / Correct annotation

Builder / Reinforced concrete installer, tile installer, floor installer, plasterer, etc.

Mechanic / Automobile mechanic, clothes washing machine mechanic, chroming mechanic, dental mechanic.

Worker / Blacksmith, welder, baker, restaurant cook, etc.

Vendor / Sidewalk vendor of corn bread, fruits and vegetables, small items, etc.

Employee / Fingerprint specialist, secretary, head of personnel, general manager, computer operator.

Painter / House painter, automobile painter, bridge painter, picture painter

Professional / Civil engineer, Dentist, pharmacist, lawyer, professor of elementary education.

Technician / Electronics technician, electrical technician, telecommunications technician.

Driver / Collective transportation driver, automobile driver, tractor driver, etc.

Small jobs / Patio cleaner, gardener, moving assistant, etc.

P25. What was [respondent]'s usual activity/occupation during the past 12 months?
(Please see code book)
If housewife, student or retiree, skip to P29.

Data on occupation are essential for analyzing the growth, composition and distribution of the work force. They provide information on socio-economic status of the population which is essential in planning the necessary training programs aimed at full and effective utilization of the country's human resources.

Ask the question in P25: "What was ______'s usual activity/occupation during the past twelve months?" for all persons 10 years old and over. Write in the space provided the type of activity/occupation of the person. This will be coded later using the Code Book.

Through this question we can determine whether a person is a gainful worker or is a non-gainful worker.

The term usual activity/occupation refers to the kind of job or business which a person was engaged in most of the time during the last twelve months preceding the interview. In other words, usual activity/occupation is the person's principal means of earning a living like a palay farmer, carpenter, retail merchant, elementary school teacher, telephone operator, etc. during the past twelve months.

For persons who did not work during the past 12 months, their usual activity/occupation relates to the non-gainful activities they usually do most of the year or to their status. They will be reported in either of the following:

For purposes of this census, a person is considered as gainful worker or usually working most of the time during the past 12 months if he works for at least 10 hours a week for 6 months (26 weeks) or longer, including vacation or sick leave, in one or more of these classes of work:

For persons whose activities varied during the preceding 12 months, report as his usual activity/occupation that which he was engaged in for more than six months. However, if none of these activities lasted for more than six months, report the one which had the longest duration.
For persons working at two permanent jobs, the job at which they work longer hours should be reported. If they spend the same number of hours on both jobs, report the job from which they earn greater income.

Take note of the following cases:

1. If a person worked most of the time during the past 12 months but actually devoted more time to studying or housekeeping most of the year, report the gainful occupation he did and not student or housekeeper.

2. If for several years a person had been a school teacher but on May 1,
2000 has already quit his teaching job and is operating a palay farm, his usual occupation is still an elementary school teacher.

3. During the census, a person may be working in a job other than his usual occupation. For instance, an elementary school teacher works during the long school vacation as a merchant or a palay farmer or fisherman works temporarily as a carpenter. In these cases, the report should be "Elementary school teacher", "palay farmer", or "fisherman", respectively, and not the temporary jobs they are presently doing.

Always describe the specific job or occupation performed by the person in the establishment, office, farm, etc., such as radio technician, records clerk, typist, stenographer, lawyer, farm manager, elementary school teacher, bill collector, carpenter, hospital attendant, etc.
Answers such as agent, engineer, mechanic, employee, etc., do not describe adequately the work performed. Ask the respondent additional questions like "Does this person work for a life insurance company, advertising agency, etc.?" or "What kind of engineer/mechanic is he?"
If the respondent gives a long description of the actual duties of work of the person, report the occupation that fits the description.

Avoid such ambiguous descriptions as owner, partner, businessman, etc. They do not adequately describe the occupation of the person. They simply indicate the proprietary relationship of the person to the business and some owners do not do any work in connection with their business.

If a person is the owner of an enterprise and he manages it or participates in its management, report "Manager" as his occupation. However, in such enterprises emerge in wholesale or retail trade, hotel, dormitory, restaurant, cafeteria or other lodging or eating place, said owner managing or participating in the management of the enterprise should be reported as "wholesale merchant", "retailer", or "working proprietor ". Note however, that a partner in a business who is paid by the partnership to manage the business should be reported as "manager" and not "working proprietor".

For all 15 years old and over.
[Questions 20 to 23 were asked of persons 15 years and over]

P20. Usual occupation - During the past 12 months, what was [the respondent]'s usual activity/occupation?

P20-Usual Occupation
Data on occupation are essential in analyzing the growth, composition, and distribution of the country's work force. They provide information on the socio-economic status of the population and are essential in planning the necessary training programs aimed at full and efficient utilization of the country's human resources.
Ask the question in column P20, "During the past 12 months, what was [the respondent]'s usual activity/occupation?" for all persons 15 years old and over.
Through this question, we can determine whether a person is a gainful or non gainful worker. Write in the space provided the type of activity/occupation of the household member. This will be coded later in the PO.
The term usual activity/occupation refers to the kind of job or business, which a person was engaged in most of the time during the last 12 months preceding the interview. In other words, usual activity/occupation is the person's principal means of earning a living such as real estate salesman, medical doctor, architect, rice farmer, elementary school teacher, police inspector, lawyer, call center representative, and others during the past 12 months.
For persons who did not work during the past 12 months, their usual activity/occupation relates to the non gainful activities they usually do most of the year or to their status.
Non gainful persons may be reported as any of the following:

For purposes of this census, a person is considered a gainful worker or usually working most of the time during the past 12 months if he/she works for at least 10 hours a week for six months (26 weeks) or longer, including vacation or sick leave, in one or more of these classes of work:

For persons whose activities varied during the preceding 12 months, report as his/her usual activity/occupation that which he/she was engaged in for more than six months. However, if none of these activities lasted for more than six months, report the one which had the longest duration.
Take note of the following cases:

Always describe the specific job or occupation performed by the person in the establishment, office, and farm, among others, such as radio technician, records clerk, typist, stenographer, lawyer, farm manager, elementary school teacher, bill collector, carpenter, cigarette vendor, and hospital attendant, among others.
Answers such as agent, engineer, mechanic, employee, and others, do not describe adequately the work being performed. As such, ask the respondent additional questions like, "Does this person work for a life insurance company, advertising agency, and others?" or "What kind of engineer or mechanic is he/she?"
If the respondent gives a long description of the actual duties of work of the person, report the occupation that fits the description.

Avoid such ambiguous descriptions as owner, partner, businessman, and others. They do not adequately describe the occupation of the person. They simply indicate the proprietary relationship of the person to the business and some owners do not do any work in connection with their business.
If a person is the owner of an enterprise and he/she manages it or participates in its management, report "Manager" as his/her occupation. However, if such enterprise is engaged in wholesale and retail trade, hotel, dormitory, restaurant, cafeteria, or other lodging or eating places, said owner managing or participating in the management of the enterprise should be reported as "wholesale merchant", "retailer", or "working proprietor". Note however, that a partner in a business who is paid by the partnership to manage the business should be reported as "manager" and not "working proprietor".
Check for the consistency of the usual activity/occupation of a person with his/her highest grade/year completed. For instance, you need to probe further if the person's usual occupation is "civil engineer" or "lawyer" but the highest grade/year completed is only "high school graduate".
Jobs/Occupations which Need Special Care in Reporting
The following are examples of jobs or occupations, which need special care in reporting:

Important Notice: Pay special attention to the preceding instructions because ambiguous reporting of the usual occupation or activity will result to inappropriate or wrong codes and consequently, affect the data on the economic characteristics of the population
Skip to P24 if the member is reported to have a nongainful activity during the past 12 months.

[Questions 18-28 were asked of individuals of age 12+]

[Questions 21-24 were asked of individuals who currently have a job (answers 1 and 2 in question 19) and to those not having a job at the moment, but express the desire to work (answers 1 to 8 from question 20.2)]

21. What is your main occupation? ____

Note: Individuals younger than 12 years old end the filling-in of the questionnaire after question 17.
[Applies to questions 18-28]

Attention: Questions 21 to 24 are only for individuals who currently have a job (answers 1 and 2 in question 19) and to those not having a job at the moment express the desire to work (answers 1 to 8 from question 20.2).

Question 21: What is your main occupation

The individuals must indicate the situation they had in the week of 7-13 of April 1991.

As for the main occupation, we understand the type or modality of work the individual spent most time in during the reference week.

If the individual was unemployed on the week of reference, indicate the last occupation he had.

If during the reference week the individual had performed a different activity from his usual one (by being on vacation for example) he/she must indicate the usual occupation.

Be precise. For example, instead of engineer, textile employer and teacher, be precise and write: civil engineer, textile fiber preparatory worker, primary education teacher, etc. instead of generic designations like engineer, teacher, office worker, etc.

The occupation is a complex notion; it contains three dimensions to be considered: the individual's specialization, the working sector in which he works and the professional function/category he has on the job.

[Questions 17 to 23 were asked of persons age 15+ who ever attended school at a level higher then pre-primary, and consider this living quarter their usual place of residence, according to questions 3 and 13]

23. Please answer the questions 23.1 to 23.6 if you are employed or looking for a new job. If it is not the case, go to 24.
[Questions 23.1-23.6 were asked of persons age 15+ who are employed or looking for a new job, ever attended school at a level higher then pre-primary, and consider this living quarter their usual place of residence, according to questions 3, 13, and 19]

23.1. What is your main occupation? ____

70. Occupation refers to the type economic --social useful activity, usually performed for pay or income (in cash or in kind), by a person being its main resource for living.

Will be recorded as main occupation, the qualification (specialization) actually performed to the current main working place, and not the profession acquired during the studies.

[p. 51]

The occupation's name should be clearly written, on the special designated space, in order to establish the performed craft (for workers) or the position and the task actually done in a job (when the activity is mostly of intellectual kind), as following:

a) for management personnel of:

b) for the staff having executive duties, occupation will be recorded:

c) for craftsmen, skilled workers, services and trade operators, the particular practiced craft will be recorded as occupation: power transformer reeler, concrete mason, concrete reinforcement bars iron smith, plaster maker, carpenter, boiler maker, welder, form maker for refractory products, iron and non-ferrous (smelter) founding worker, hairdresser, telephone operator, barman, waiter, shop salesman, car driver, trailer driver, tramcar driver, mason, oil processing operator.

These category of workers should not be recorded as having an occupation "worker", but rather identified with the practiced profession (or craft).

d) for unqualified workers the actually type of work done in a job will be recorded: loader, unload worker, manual merchandises stacker, food ambulant vendor, newspapers vendor, cleaning women homemaker, carrier (transport worker), grave digger, doorman, guardian, street sweeper;

e) for farms agricultural workers, farms members, as well as for farmers working on their own household performing specialized agricultural works, will be recorded as occupation the craft or the type of activity performed: farmer on land culture, vegetable gardener, orchard man, viticulturist, flower gardener, apiarist, shepherd, greensward care taker.

f) for military conscript will be recorded as occupation military.

Particular situations:

The occupation codification will be done by codifiers (so this will not have to be done by the enumerator or chief enumerator).

32. Occupation____

Active Population/currently employed or previously employed
[Questions P22-P25]

P22. Current or past occupation

These questions aim at knowing the activities related to education and employment for persons aged 6 years or more [the French text says more than 6 years].

Children aged less than 6 years are not concerned with questions from P16 to P25.

Employment status (occupational status) (P21 to P25)

The following questions concern only the population aged 6 years and above. For persons below that age, one will write nothing on questions P24 to P30.

For persons who are employed, one will ask the type of work or the type of employment they are in, or that they were in from July 15, 2002 to August 15, 2002.

[Questions P22-P25 were asked of active persons who are currently or were previously employed]

P22: Current or last occupation

The occupation, as it is understood in this census, corresponds to the type of work done by the enumerated person. It does not refer to the rank, or to the grade, or to the function, and even not always to the qualification of the person, but only to the work really accomplished. This is why one must insist with the persons to be enquired to obtain the greatest accuracy, since occupations are numerous, and vague answers would be useless.

Therefore, one should not ask imprecise questions, such as "what is your occupation", but ask simply: "what type of job are you doing?", or "could you describe your job for me?"

Example:
There are good and bad answers. [Since the bad answers] are not acceptable, one should continue the interview to obtain enough accuracy to classify correctly the person into an occupation.

Bad answers:
Chief, Director, Coordinator, Forman, Trader, Farmer, and so forth.

Good answers:
Head of a gas station (petrol pump), Director of a tea factory, Rice farmer, Bread trader, and so forth.

B18. Occupation practiced:_________

The following question (B18) applies only to persons for whom you have already circled "1 OCC" for employed.

B18. Main occupation practiced in the past 12 months

This is the occupation which the respondent practiced most of his or her time during the past 12 months.

For the employed persons, ask the following question: "What is the activity you are practicing, or that you did practiced during the past twelve months?"
Record the activity (occupation) declared by the respondent.

19.3. Focus on the occupation of (the person). What would you call this occupation?

Had work

P-19c. Occupation (If yes to P-18)

P-38 Occupation
What is the main occupation of (the person) in this workplace?

Questions p-36 to p-38 are to be answered by those who responded "yes" in any of p-30a to P-30G or P-31.

(P-38) Occupation: What is the main occupation of (the person) in this workplace?
Occupation refers to the main type of work in which the person is engaged.

To give an accurate occupation to what a person does in his/her occupation, we need a very good description. Probe for full details: If the respondent answers "a clerk", probe for what type of clerk (see first example below).

The answer that clearly describes the main occupation should be written and the two or more words should generally be given to describe the occupation.

[p.55]

The following are inadequate and thorough examples of answers to this question:

Inadequate answers / Thorough answers
a. Clerk / Accounts clerk
b. Office work / Compiles monthly accounts

a. Labourer / Construction labourer
b. Labouring / Carries bricks

a. Teacher / Primary school teacher
b. Education / Teaching primary school children

a. Manager / Hotel manager
b. Managing / Control staff, food, etc. in hotel

In particular, give a good description of the main duties of farm workers e.g. tilling soil, driving tractors, picking fruit, packing fruit, etc.

21. Main profession or part time activity:

19. Main profession or part-time activity:

E. Questions to pensioners and retired persons

21. What was your profession before your retirement?____
Examples: see Question 19a

Questions 21 and 22: Former occupation of retired persons

The analysis of this question is to provide information on health risks and life expectancies of the various professions.

Retired persons state the occupation they had when they retired at the retirement age (men 65, women 62), even so if they might have answered already 19a and b, because they worked beyond the retirement age. If such a job after retirement is different from that before retirement, then the former should be considered for questions 19a and b, and the latter for questions 21 and 22.

13. Professional occupation

16. What is your present occupation?

Last week work (March 25-31, 2000)
[Questions L17-19]

L17. Last week occupation_____

Column S13-S16 and L17-L22
[Ask persons age 13 years or older]

Column L17, L18, L19: Last week work (25 -- 31 Mach, 2000)
[Questions were asked of persons age 13 years or older]

[p. 109]

[Table summarizing columns L17-L19 not presented here]

Procedure for recording the form

Column L17: Last week occupation

This section deals with the economic activity of all who are 15 years old and over. It relates to the past week as well as the past 12 months. Questions 16 to 18 apply to those answering from 10 to 30 in Question 15.

Interviewer: Job seekers and persons wanting work must have responses to Questions 16-18

17(a). What kind of work was [the respondent] doing (job held) during the past week, e.g. secondary school teacher, account clerk, automobile mechanic?

Question 17 - Main type of occupation/work

This section deals with the economic activity of all who are 15 years old and over. Questions 23 to 24 apply to those answering [30] in Question 22.

26(a). Main kind of occupation/work

What kind of work was (N) [the respondent] doing (job held/ did (N) [the respondent] apply for) during the past week? e.g. secondary school teacher, account clerk, automobile mechanic?

The main purpose of this section is to determine which individuals have been engaged in economic activity, that is, the production of goods and services during the week preceding enumeration and at any time during the past 12 months and those who were not so engaged. It is essential that the enumerator understands the concept of the term work as given in question (22) and makes use of it in his interviews.

Question 26 (a) - Main kind of occupation / work

You are required to obtain the kind of work the person has done during the past week. Where the person has done more than one job during the reference period, the job which the individual says is the main job is taken. If the respondent is still unsure of the main job done in the past week the one at which most time is spent will be recorded.

Probe for a description of the main duties performed. Examples of kind of work done are "preparing pay sheets", "filing correspondence", "teaching in primary school", "selling life insurance", etc. Be as specific as possible.

18. Occupation last week (what kind of work did person do?)

Question 17 and 18 Activity Status and Occupation

134. Questions 17 and 18 are concerned with how people provide for themselves, how they make their living. The questions apply to women as well as to men.

135. In the week before census night, almost everyone in Uganda will have done something to provide for him or herself. It is your job to discover and record what each person did. It does not matter whether they had a job or were paid for what they did. A person who farmed or fished or replaced thatch on a roof or cultivated a vegetable garden worked. So did people who were in paid employment.

136. Ask the questions as they are set out here and on the questionnaire and talk about each member of the household until you understand what he or she did in the way of making a living last week. Make entries on the questionnaire only when you have the picture clear in your mind.

Question 18 Occupation Last Week

144. "What kind of work did the person do?"

145. If the person was "employed", "self-employed" or "unpaid" we require an exact description of what the person did. For others write "N/A".

146. Remember that we are interested in the main or most important activity. It is sometimes difficult to get an exact answer but you should aim always to provide a two or three word description of what the person did - for example, "sales manager", "typist clerk", "motor mechanic", "foreman carpenter", "primary teacher", "forklift operator". Avoid general terms such as "operator", "clerk", "manager" "selling", "business" or "civil servant". We need to know just what it was the person operated, what kind of a clerk or mechanic, whether a teacher taught in primary or secondary school or at university, whether the person was selling vegetables on the roadside or operating a retail shop or selling motor spares, whether the civil servant was an office messenger, a filing clerk, an executive officer, a government medical doctor or a permanent secretary.

147. Speak to the person concerned whenever possible. Members of the household are often vague as to the occupations of others.

148. If the person is in employment you may find you get a better idea of his/her job by asking for the job title and recording that.

149. Many people may be described as "farmers" or "peasants". It is important that we know what kind of farmers they are.

150. A person living in his/her village, who worked in village or subsistence agriculture last week and who did no other work may be entered as "peasant farmer" which you may shorten to "p farmer". Such a person may do a variety of tasks in growing or gathering produce to feed and clothe his/her family and may sell some produce but is not a commercial farmer.

151. If the person grows crops such as coffee or cotton or raises chickens or other livestock mainly for sale enter them as "coffee grower", "cotton farmer", "market gardener" or as the case may be.

152. Many of these farmers engage in more than one activity but in describing their work you should pick the main activity - the one to which most time is given - the one which the person regards as most important - the one which is commercial.

153. A person may not have worked last week because he or she was temporarily absent from work. In such cases ask about the person's normal occupation. A teacher on holiday, for example, may not have been teaching last week because the schools are closed, but the occupation should be entered as "primary teacher" or "secondary teacher" as the case may be.

154. The next set of questions, 19 to 22, applies to all women aged 12 or over.

155. An answer is required of all women in this category whether or not they are married, whether or not they are still attending school, and whether or not you think they may have borne children.

156. If the person is male or is a girl aged 0-11 years, write "N/A" on line 19 and leave the rest of the column blank.

157. If possible, speak to the woman herself. She will know about the children she has borne and will be able to answer the question more accurately than anyone else.

158. We are concerned with the number of children a woman has borne alive. A child born alive is one who cries after being born. Do not include still births - that is children who did not cry.

159. Ask, "Has this woman borne any children?"

160. If the woman has never borne any children alive, write "0" on lines 19 and 20 and leave lines 21 and 22 blank.

161. If the woman has borne a child or children, ask
"How many children has she borne?"

162. Write the number on line 19. The census is concerned with all the children a woman has borne. Include children who have grown up and left home, children borne by the women to other men as well as her present husband, her children who are living away from home and children who have died even if they died shortly after birth. Be careful to include young babies.

163. Do not include adopted children or step children or children who live with the household but were not borne by the woman herself.

164. "How many of the children she has borne are still alive?"

165. Write the number of children still alive.

166. "When was the last child born?"

167. Record the month and year for children born between 1985 and 1990. For children born before 1985 it will be enough to record the year of birth.

168. "Is the child still alive?"

169. Write "yes" or "no" as appropriate.

170. You have completed particulars of persons in the household. Now check,

P20 Occupation What kind of work did name mainly do in the last 7 days? (Describe in not less than 2 words) ___

Activity Status
138. Personal activity status is defined in relation to the person's position at his/her place of work and his/her mode of remuneration i.e. self employed, Paid employee, Unpaid family worker, Student, pensioner, etc.
139. Main activity Refers to the most important economic activity the respondent was engaged in terms of time spent during the last seven (7) days preceding the Census night. 140. Self-Employed: It comprises of employers and own account workers.

Question P20: Occupation
"What kind of work did (name) do in the last 7 days?"
164. Please describe the occupation in as much detail as possible (in not less than two words). Record the respondent's answer, keeping in mind what is required for proper coding. If the answer is not sufficiently detailed, probe further.

[Questions 14 - 18 were asked of persons who currently have or have had a job in the last 10 years]

15. Occupation
Please give the full title of the person's present or lat job and describe the main things he/she does or did in the job.

F.2 Characteristics of the main job

67. What activities do you perform in the work that brought you the most income? In other words, what is your occupation?

This section of the questionnaire will be carried out only for people age 14 or older.

This collection of questions intends to investigate not only the current occupational status of a person, but also the basic characteristics of the employed, unemployed, and inactive.

The concepts and criteria to determine the occupational status of the population are those recommended by the International Office of Work (OIT), recognized by the different social actors of the country.

Who are the employed? They are all those who worked for at least an hour the week previous to the survey or that didn't work because of vacations, a sickness or accident, work conflict, or job interruption because of bad weather, or lack of raw materials, but he has employment to which it is sure he will return.

Characteristics of the main job

67. What activity do you perform in your work that gives you the most income?

The objective that this question pursues is to determine the occupation type of the interviewee, that in total is the collection of tasks completed by a person, and can be classified according to their complexity and level of knowledge required to carry them out.

It will be described with clear letters and in brief, but precise, form in order to achieve an adequate classification of the occupation of the people, avoiding in all cases annotations such as employee, worker, supervisor, boss, owner, odd-job worker, person in-charge, pawn, go-for. To serve as an example a brief list will be transcribed of the uniform international classifier of occupations (CIUO '88) that is currently used by the ECH.

17. What was the main job that (Name) performed during the last 12 months and what position did (Name) hold (if any)?

Question 17: What was the main job that (name) performed during the last 12 months and what position did (name) hold (if any)?

This question is only asked of persons who have code "1" in Question 16.

The main job during the last 12 months is the job which occupies most of a person's total working time to generate income during the last 12 months before the census.

Filling-in: interviewers should write name of the main job which respondent worked (the most time occupied) during the last 12 months before the census and position (if any) of that job. Interviewers should not fill in very general name of the job, such as "working in rice field", "worker", "professional", "government staff", "being hired", or "teacher", etc.

Notes:

For persons who are managers in institution or factory and persons who work for communist party or mass organizations (receiving salary for specialists), interviewers report their position and name of their work place, level of communist party position or mass organization, for example: director of Hanoi cake and candy factory, general director of Vietnam machine assembly company, head of district statistic department, district president, secretary of provincial communist party, president of provincial labor union, president of district women's union, etc.

For persons who perform both professional and communist organization's or union's works (semi-specialization, not receiving bi-works salary), interviewers record their main job as their professional job and position (if any), and do not write position of his communist organization or union's work.

P34. What kind of work did [the respondent] do in his/her main job or business during the last 12 months?

4.16 Occupation

21. What was (the respondent's) main occupation during the last 12 months?

Q21 Main occupation and Q22 Specialization
Responses on occupation and specialization are to be recorded firstly in the numerator's note book during an interview. Thereafter, the enumerator will code this information (see Classification of Occupations Manual) and shade in appropriate boxes on the questionnaire before leaving the premise.

Q21 Main occupation
For persons coded 0-3 in Q20 above, i.e., paid employees; employers; own account workers; unpaid family workers.

This refers to trade, or profession performed by an individual during the last 12 months, irrespective of the industry or status in employment of the individual. Where multiple occupations are common, the main or usual occupation should be determined. This is done by determining the duration of work in each occupation during the reference period.

For those with multiple occupations, i.e. when a person is involved in more than one occupation at a given time, e.g. government official who teaches part-time, or a teacher who enumerates during the census, record the person's main occupation i.e. where he/she spends most of the time.

The type of work should be recorded as fully as possible, e.g. shorthand typist; grade 3 carpenter; key punch operator; motor vehicle mechanic; panel beating foreman; etc. Avoid such unclear and one word descriptions as operator; foreman; driver; etc. Probe so that you put people in the correct category. If in doubt ask for a description for the main kind of work and note it in the comments section and seek guidance from supervisor at the earliest possible opportunity.