[Questions 28 and 28A were asked to all household members]

28. What was your income last month for _____? How much (in balboas)?

[Questions 28 and 28A were asked to all household members]

Question No. 28: Was your income last month from:
[Question 28 is asked to all household members.]
When asking each of these questions, keep in mind that they must be asked in an orderly way.
Read every one of the options and wait for the person to supply you the response to each one. If the response is "I had no income", draw a line in the corresponding spaces.
Income: Refers to the retribution, be it monetary or in kind, received by all persons, active or non-active, during the month of April.
[To the right of the text is a picture of paper currency.]
Remember that a person can get income in one or many categories from a. to j. If the response is that no income was obtained, draw a line in the corresponding spaces.
When asking each of these questions, keep in mind that they must be asked in an orderly way, omitting unnecessary questions, depending on the age of the interviewee.
Remember that the value is given in integers, with no cents. If a person reports the income value including cents, proceed as follows: if cents are greater than or equal to 0.50, the income value must be rounded up. Example:

[p. 210]
a. Gross wage or salary: refers to the gross wage, salary or commission obtained by the employee, without deductions of Social Security, Income Tax, Education Insurance, or whatever other deduction from loans from a bank or other credit institution. This paragraph should bring information only if the person is an employee. Codes 1 to 5 in question 26.
If the employee receives payment in kind (clothes, food, shoes, etc.), enter the corresponding value in monetary form.
Keep in mind that sometimes the employee can receive both types of payment (in cash and in kind). If that were the case, then you must add both amounts and enter this value in the appropriate spaces.
Note that:

[p. 211]
For employees in the agricultural sector, who do not receive a fixed salary because they are paid according to the days worked, ask how much they earn per day, then multiply this amount by the number of days worked in the month and write down the resulting amount. So, in this case, you do not multiply by 4.33.
If no information is provided, note down clarifications on the space provided for observations.
All persons who marked any of the circles from 01 to 05 in question 26 (Do you work or did you work as?): Government employee, Employee of a Non-Profit Institution , Employee of a cooperative, Private Company Employee, Domestic employee, should have a response for this question. Exceptions are given to those who responded not having a job last month because they were unemployed.
Example No. 1:
Roberto earns B/.3.50 an hour. He works Monday to Friday, 8 hours a day, and on Saturdays from 8 to 12.
Solution:
1. He works Monday to Friday, 8 hours a day. 5x8 = 40 hours. He works for four hours on Saturdays. Total = 40+4 = 44 hours per week.
2. He earns B/3.50 per hour.
3. The calculation is as follows:

[p. 212]
In the form the amount should be recorded as follows:
[Below the text, there is a sample image.]
[p. 213]
Example No. 2:
When enumerating a dwelling, it is found that one of its members worked as an agricultural worker on the farm Las Malvinas, for ten (10) days in the month. The payment received was B/.6.00 for 6 days and B/4.00 the rest of the work days.
[Below the text, there is a sample image of the form.]
[p. 214]
If you notice the person a little doubtful at the time of declaring the information to you, request, tactfully, a pay stub for the last month. If the pay stub corresponds to a week, multiply the gross total by 4.33, and if it corresponds to every other week, multiply the gross total by 2.
b. Thirteenth month: Include in this space the thirteenth month payment to employees of state-owned or private companies. If the person gives you the total amount of her bonus [Décimo in Spanish], divide it by four (4) and write down that amount in the appropriate space. If the person does not remember, divide the monthly salary received by twelve (12) and write it down in the space. For government employees, proceed as follows: If they earn less than or B/.400.00 calculate the thirteenth month payment as described above. If the person earns more than B/401.00 the thirteenth month payment is calculated on B/400.00. You should also be aware that there are some state institutions such as the Savings Bank and the National Bank, who pay the bonus based on the earned salary. If the person tells you that this is her case, proceed as directed above, i.e., divide the gross salary by 12 and write down the necessary observations.
Remember that employees of the Panama Canal Authority are not paid a thirteenth month [bonus]
c. Income from independent or own-account work: refers to net income, that is to say, income minus expenses in the activity that a person did.
[This option is only for independent or own-account workers, owners or employers, and members of a production cooperative.]
Only for independent or own-account worker, owner or employer, and member of a production cooperative, circles 07, 08 and 09 of question 26.
For an independent or own-account worker, the amount recorded is the net income, i.e., income minus expenses in her activity.
In the case of agricultural workers who are independent or own-account workers, include self-consumption (this is, when they consume at home a proportion of what they produce).
In some cases it will be a little difficult to obtain information from people who have no accounting records. In these cases, find out the average earnings per day, then multiply the amount by the number of days the person usually works in the week, and then multiply it by 4.33, and get the monthly income. If no information is provided, note down clarifications on the space provided for observations.
[p. 215]
Example:
When enumerating the owner of a grocery store, he says that he obtained a net gain by the sale of provisions, approximately B/25.00 daily. The store does not close any day of the month.
[Below the text, there is a sample image of the form.]
[p. 216]
d. Retirement or old age pension: Refers to the person who receives income from a retirement system or pension (regardless of the country where he retired).
e. Pension (by accident, illness, or other survivor): Refers to payments recognized by a social security system if the person has any ailment, disease or inability to practice an occupation.
Include in this section those persons receiving a pension such as survivors of the father, mother, son, daughter, wife, as well as pensions from disabled children.
f. Aid from institutions or other persons who do not live with you: Include the contribution that a person receives provided from family members (those who live outside of the home), or other persons, as well as contributions from public or private institutions. The contribution can be in cash or in kind.
These contributions can consist of:

[To the right of the text there is a picture.]

[To the left of the text is a picture of a cow.]
[p. 217]
g. Rents, investments, interests, or benefits: This refers to money received by the rent of dwellings, premises, land or other property that the person owns. It also includes dividends, interest or profits from the ownership of stocks, bonds and savings accounts or investment accounts.
h. Scholarships: This refers to the income that persons may have received indirectly as a transfer from any institution for payment of their studies. This includes any type of subsidy provided by any institution (public or private). Also, it is considered in the category of scholarships any reimbursement of expenses that some companies give to their employees for expenses in education for themselves or a member of the employee's family. In these cases, the person does not directly receive an income, but she does not pay the education expenditures, because some institution does it on her behalf.
Find out with the interviewee, when they receive the scholarship and how many months are covered by this payment. Divide the amount received by the number of months covered, to get the monthly amount.
[p. 218]

[Below the text, there is a sample image of the form.]
[p. 219]
i. Agricultural or Livestock Sales: is the net income that the person has obtained for selling agricultural or livestock products. If the person claims to be an independent worker or a salaried worker in the agricultural sector, do not include this revenue here again.
[Below the text there are two pictures]
j. Other income: This includes any other income that the respondent received in the last month, from sources other than those listed above. If the person claimed to have more than one job as an employee, as an independent or own-account worker, record here the salary or income received from the other(s) job(s). Include any grant received last month. Also include the Conditional Cash Transfer (Red de Oportunidades), which should correspond to the person receiving it.
Note:
If the respondent has two jobs as an employee, write down the salary of the principal work in section a. (Gross salary or wages), and write down the second one in section j. (Other income).
If the respondent is an employee and has received income from independent or own-account work, her wages must be recorded in section a. (Gross salary or wages) and her income from independent or own-account work must be recorded in subsection c. (Income from self-employment or self).