Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
LANGPY indicates the language or languages spoken by the respondent.
Comparability — General
There are some comparability issues across samples. Detail is lost in the process of harmonization; IPUMS-I users are encouraged to review the source variables for the samples.
The 2002 sample allows for up to five recorded responses per respondent, whereas the 1962 and 1982 samples provide one response (Spanish only; Guaranà only; Spanish and GuaranÃ; and foreign language). The 2002 sample furthermore inquires about other indigenous languages native to Paraguay.
The 1962 sample asks about the language that is commonly used in the household. The 1982 and 2002 sample asks specifically about the respondent's language. For 1982, the language that a person currently speaks is that language that they use to communicate with others in the household, school, college, work, or in society.
Universe
- Paraguay 1962: Persons age 3+
- Paraguay 1982: Persons age 5+
- Paraguay 2002: Persons age 5+
Availability
- Paraguay: 1962, 1982, 2002
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