Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Electric : public Editor {
public:
Electric(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
if (dataSet == dataset_id::ke1989a) {
if (KE1989A_0016(0) == 1)
a = 1;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::ke1999a) {
if (KE1999A_0020(0) == 1)
a = 1;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mn1989a) {
if ((MN1989A_0047(0) == 1 || MN1989A_0052(0) == 1 ||
MN1989A_0057(0) == 1 || MN1989A_0062(0) == 1) &&
MN1989A_0040(0) == 9)
a = 1;
if ((MN1989A_0047(0) > 1 || MN1989A_0052(0) > 1 || MN1989A_0057(0) > 1 ||
MN1989A_0062(0) > 1) &&
MN1989A_0040(0) == 9)
a = 2;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1985a) {
if (UY1985A_0049(0) == 2 &&
(UY1985A_0051(0) == 1 || UY1985A_0052(0) == 1))
a = 1;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1996a) {
if (UY1996A_0034(0) == 2 &&
(UY1996A_0035(0) == 1 || UY1996A_0036(0) == 1 ||
UY1996A_0037(0) == 1))
a = 1;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1985x) {
if (UY1985X_0049(0) == 2 &&
(UY1985X_0051(0) == 1 || UY1985X_0052(0) == 1))
a = 1;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1996x) {
if (UY1996X_0034(0) == 2 &&
(UY1996X_0035(0) == 1 || UY1996X_0036(0) == 1 ||
UY1996X_0037(0) == 1))
a = 1;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
ELECTRIC indicates whether the household had access to electricity.
Comparability — Index
Comparability — General
ELECTRIC is generally comparable across samples. In many samples access to electricity is inferred from a question on source of lighting. ELECTRIC assumes that if a household has access to electricity, it will be used for lighting.
The treatment of power from generators is inconsistent across samples. In cases where a sample identified power from generators separately, the IPUMS codes the household as "yes," having electricity. Batteries explicitly associated with renewable energy (i.e., wind, solar) are coded as "yes", while other cases identifying batteries separately are coded as "no". See the enumeration text for the source questions.
Comparability — Argentina [top]
The samples both identify households with generators, which are coded as having electricity.
Comparability — Armenia [top]
The census question concerned the main source of lighting in the dwelling. Lighting from other sources is coded as "no".
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
The census questions ask simply whether the dwelling had an electricity connection. In the 1991 sample, the census question was asked to all households. In subsequent censuses, the question was asked only to permanent households.
Comparability — Benin [top]
The census question asked about the source of lighting of the household. Enumeration instructions indicate to not trust the presence of electric outlets, as these may not receive electricity. Lighting from sources different than electricity is coded as "no".
The 2002 and 2013 samples include electricity of alternative sources (public utility, communal generator, private generator, and solar energy), which are all coded as "yes".
Comparability — Bolivia [top]
The census questions in 1976 and 1992 asked simply whether the dwelling had electricity, while the 2001 census question concerned the use of electricity for lighting. The 2012 sample provides more detailed categories that record the source of electricity.
Comparability — Botswana [top]
The census question in all samples concerned the main source of lighting. Lighting from solar power is coded as "yes". In the 2011 sample, households who generate electricity using petrol or diesel fuel are coded as "yes".
Comparability — Brazil [top]
The electricity question in 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990 and 2000 asked about the presence of electric lighting in the household, whether or not it was connected to a general system. The census question in 2010 asked whether the dwelling had an electricity connection.
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
The census question concerned the main source of lighting in the dwelling. Lighting from other sources is coded as "no".
Comparability — Cambodia [top]
For all samples the census question was about the main source of light in the household. "Battery" power is coded "No" for having electricity.
Comparability — Cameroon [top]
The census question concerned the main source of lighting in the dwelling. Lighting from other sources is coded as "no".
Comparability — Chile [top]
1960 is a sample of individuals, not households. Only persons who were heads of households get a response for most household variables.
Comparability — Costa Rica [top]
All samples refer to type of lighting. The 2011 sample distinguishes several categories of public electricity providers. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.
Comparability — Cuba [top]
In the 2002 and 2012 samples, the census question refers to the use of electricity for lighting. The universe and categories are comparable across samples.
Comparability — Côte d'Ivoire [top]
In 1988 and 1998, the census question was about the main source of light in the household.
Comparability — Dominican Republic [top]
All samples refer to electricity used for lighting and include all electric sources such as public electricity and generators. Non-electric sources of lighting such as lamps are identified in the unharmonized source variable. The 1981 sample also includes combinations of public systems (CDE), private systems, and private generators as possible sources of electricity.
Comparability — Ecuador [top]
1962 is a sample of individuals, not households. Only persons who were heads of households get a response for most household variables.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
The census question concerned the use of electricity for lighting. All households were asked this question in 1986 and 1996, while only private households in 2006. The 2006 census explicitly refers to electricity from the public network, the "no" category may include private electric generators.
Comparability — El Salvador [top]
In both samples the census question pertained to electricity used for lighting. Private generators were included. In the 2007 sample, "Solar panels" is a listed option and is coded as "Yes".
Comparability — Ethiopia [top]
All samples refer to type of lighting and all explicitly differentiate between private meter and shared meter electricity. See the unharmonized source variables for more detail. The 1984 and 1994 universes are for only urban households.
In the 2007 sample, both "electricity from generator" and "solar energy" are coded as "Yes".
Comparability — Fiji [top]
The census questions in 1986 and 1996 asked simply whether the dwelling had electricity. The 2007 and 2014 census identify the electricity suppliers (in the source variable).
Comparability — France [top]
The census question asked whether the household was connected to the electrical distribution network. It is possible that some households coded "no" could generate their own electricity.
In 2006 and 2011 information about electricity was only collected for regular households in overseas departments and is not included in this variable. See the unharmonized source variables.
Comparability — Ghana [top]
The samples refer to type of lighting. In the 2000 sample, lighting from solar energy is coded as "Yes". Lighting from kerosene, butane or any other source is coded as "no". In the 2010 sample, electricity from the mains, private generators, or solar panels are coded as "Yes". Other sources of lighting such as kerosene, firewood, flashlights, etc. are coded as "No".
Comparability — Guatemala [top]
The census question for all samples refers to the type of lighting available for the household. In 1981 and 1994, the questionnaire also asks directly whether the dwelling is connected to the electrical distribution system. In those samples, any household that indicates being connected to an electrical network in either the lighting question or the more direct question is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Guinea [top]
The census questions in both samples refer to type of lighting.
Comparability — Haiti [top]
The census question concerned the main source of lighting in the dwelling. Lighting from other sources is coded as "No". In the 1982 sample, the census question was asked to the occupied households in the communes of Port-au-Prince and Croix des Bouquets. In the 1971 and 2003 censuses, the question was asked to all households.
Comparability — Honduras [top]
In all samples, the census question for the source variable refers to the type of lighting used by the household. In the 1988-2013 samples, households with lighting powered by electricity from either public or private networks are coded as "yes". The 2001 and 2013 census questionnaires include response options for lighting from generators and solar panels, both of which are coded as "yes". Lighting sources other than electricity, generators, or solar panels are coded as "no".
The 1961 sample is a sample of individuals not organized into households, and only has information on electricity for households consisting of a head.
Comparability — Hungary [top]
The census question concerned the use of electricity for lighting.
Comparability — Indonesia [top]
In all samples, the census question pertained to electricity used for lighting. Any type of electricity (public, private, generator) was explicitly included. The unharmonized source variable for the 2010 sample retains detail on electricity with/without meter and non-public electricity.
Comparability — Iran [top]
The census question pertains to the existence of electricity in the household and explicitly does not include private generators.
Comparability — Ireland [top]
The variable is only available for the 1971 census and is concerned with electricity used for lighting in the household.
Comparability — Israel [top]
A very large proportion of households do not have a response. The respondents may not be representative.
Comparability — Jamaica [top]
All samples are concerned with electricity for lighting. In the 1982 sample, the census question was asked to all households. In subsequent censuses, the question was asked only to private households.
Comparability — Jordan [top]
The sample refers to the source of lighting. Lighting from private generators is coded as "Yes".
Comparability — Kenya [top]
In all samples, access to electricity was inferred from a question about the type of lighting used by the household. Households who report their lighting type or fuel as "solar" are coded as "yes". The 2019 sample includes a response option for diesel- or petrol-powered generators, and these are coded as "yes". Lighting sources other than electricity, solar power, and generators are coded as "no".
The 2019 sample exhibits a substantially higher rate of electricity access compared to 2009 (and prior samples). This change appears to be due primarily to actual efforts to expand electricity access, rather than changes in the questionnaire or data collection methods.
Comparability — Kyrgyzstan [top]
The census question was simply whether the dwelling had electricity.
Comparability — Laos [top]
In 1995-2015, responses indicating "car battery" or "batteries" are considered "no" for having electricity.
Comparability — Lesotho [top]
The census question refers to the source or fuel of lighting, where sources different from electricity are coded as "no".
The 2006 sample identifies different electricity sources: public system, generator, and solar panels are coded as "yes", while electricity from a battery is coded as "no".
Comparability — Liberia [top]
The census question refers to main source of fuel for lighting. Lighting from an electric power supplier or generator was coded as "yes".
Comparability — Malawi [top]
In the 1998, 2008, and 2018 censuses the question addressed electricity for lighting the household. The 1998 census collected information on lighting in secondary and higher-order dwellings for households that occupied multiple dwellings; only the response for the first dwelling is included in this variable. The 2018 sample includes a response option for lighting from solar power, which is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Malaysia [top]
The 1990 sample referred to the type of lighting. The 2000 sample asked about electricity supply. In this sample, self-generated electricity is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Mali [top]
The census questions for all samples refer to the use of electricity for lighting. Public systems, generators, and solar panels are electric sources of lighting. Any source of lighting that was not electric (such as gas or oil lamps) were coded as "no".
For the 2009 sample "Rural electrification or multifunction platform" is a source of lighting by battery systems, electric wires, and generators and is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Mexico [top]
The Mexico 1970-2010 samples refer to electricity used for lighting, regardless of whether the source was public distribution, battery, solar power, etc. If the service was temporarily suspended or unavailable, the household is still classified as having electricity.
The 2015 and 2020 census question asked whether the dwelling had electricity and whether the dwelling had solar panels. These are two separate questions and the data can be found in the unharmonized source variables.
Comparability — Mongolia [top]
The 1989 and 2000 census questionnaires ask simply whether the household has electricity. In the 2010 and 2020, the questionnaire also asks about the source of electricity, with responses for generators, renewable energy systems, and diesel generating plants or stations all coded as "yes".
Comparability — Morocco [top]
The 1982 sample includes public and private (generator) electricity, whereas in 1994 and 2004 the question specifies electricity supplied by the public utility. The 2014 sample refers to the lighting method in all households, including generator and solar energy.
There are separate questions in the 2004 sample pertaining to solar power and generators used for lighting. These data can be found in the unharmonized source variables, and are unrelated to this variable on public utility-supplied electricity.
Comparability — Mozambique [top]
The 1997 questionnaire asks directly whether the household has electricity, whereas the 2007 and 2017 samples ask about the main source of lighting. In the 2007 and 2017 samples, "generator or solar panels" is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Myanmar [top]
The 2014 census questions refers to the type of lightning in conventional households, including generators and solar energy.
Comparability — Nepal [top]
The census question refers to the main source of fuel for lighting.
Comparability — Nicaragua [top]
In all samples, the census questions pertained to electricity used for lighting. All sources of electricity, including electric generators and solar panels, were included. The unharmonized source variables for the 1971 and 2005 samples retain detail on the type of electricity.
Comparability — Pakistan [top]
The census question refers to the use of electricity for lighting.
Comparability — Palestine [top]
In both samples access to electricity explicitly includes private generators. In the 2007 sample, the universe excludes some households.
Comparability — Panama [top]
The samples refer to type of lighting. Lighting from private electrical generators is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Papua New Guinea [top]
The 1990 census question refers to the lighting source of the household. Lighting from electricity is coded as "yes".
Comparability — Paraguay [top]
The 1992 sample refers to the type of lighting. In this sample any type of lighting that is not powered by electricity is coded as "no". The 1972, 1982 and 2002 samples explicitly ask about the use of electricity for lighting.
Comparability — Philippines [top]
In each sample the census question was about the main source of light in the household.
Comparability — Portugal [top]
In all years, access to electricity includes public or private networks, including private generators.
Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]
The census questions refer to the use of electricity for lighting.
Comparability — Romania [top]
The census question was simply whether the housing unit had electricity.
Comparability — Rwanda [top]
The census question concerns the main source (fuel) for lighting. Electricity from solar, hydroelectric, and fuel-powered generators is coded as "yes" in the 2002 and 2012 samples.
Comparability — Saint Lucia [top]
The census questions refer to the use of electricity for lighting.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
The census questions refer to the primary source of electricity used for lighting. Electricity from generators and solar power are coded as "yes" in the 2002 and 2013 samples.
Comparability — Sierra Leone [top]
Electricity pertains to the main source of light for the household and explicitly includes generators. Solar power is also identified in 2015.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The census question in 1996-2011 samples refers to the source of lighting. The 2016 sample refers more generally to the type of electricity access. Lighting from solar power is coded as "yes".
Comparability — South Sudan [top]
Electricity refers to the source of lighting and explicitly includes private generators and solar power.
Comparability — Sudan [top]
Electricity refers to the source of lighting and explicitly includes private generators and solar power.
Comparability — Suriname [top]
In 2012, electricity refers to the source of lighting and explicitly includes private generators.
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
The census questions in 1988 and 2002 simply ask whether the dwelling had electricity. The census question referred to electricity for lighting in 2012.
Comparability — Thailand [top]
Census questions refer to the use of electricity for lighting. The universe for 1970 differs from the other years and includes private households from all urban areas and from a sample of rural areas.
Comparability — Togo [top]
Electricity refers to the source of lighting in all samples. In 2010, "other" sources of lighting are coded as "no".
Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]
Electricity refers to the source of lighting in all samples. "Other" sources of lighting are coded as "No".
Comparability — Uganda [top]
In 1991, 2002, and 2014 samples, the census question was about the main source of lighting in the household.
Comparability — Uruguay [top]
In all samples, the census questions pertained to electricity used for lighting, and include all electric sources such as public, generator, solar-powered battery, etc.
In the 1985, 1996 and 2011 samples, separate questions were asked about having electricity from the public utility, a battery charger, an own generator, or another source. All these sources were coded as "yes". However, the 1985 sample does not identify battery chargers.
Comparability — Venezuela [top]
The 1970 and 1981 samples refer to type of lighting, including lighting from electrical generators. The 1990 sample is explicitly only about access to the public electrical service. The 2001 sample indicates access to either public or private electrical service.
The 2001 sample asked about electrical service in the household only.
Comparability — Vietnam [top]
In all years the census question pertained to electricity used for lighting. Many households in the 1989 sample lack dwelling information, including all households in some provinces.
Comparability — Zambia [top]
The 1990 and 2010 samples refer to electricity used for lighting. Electricity and solar energy are coded as "yes". Any source of fuel for lighting that is not electric is coded as "no. "
The 2000 sample asks simply whether or not the household has electricity, and does not specify what the electricity is used for.
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
The census question asked whether the household has electricity.
Universe
- Argentina 1980: Private dwellings
- Argentina 1991: Private dwellings
- Armenia 2001: All households
- Bangladesh 1991: All households
- Bangladesh 2001: Permanent dwellings
- Bangladesh 2011: Permanent dwellings
- Belarus 1999: All households
- Benin 1979: All households
- Benin 1992: Private households
- Benin 2002: All households
- Benin 2013: All households
- Bolivia 1976: Occupied dwellings
- Bolivia 1992: Private occupied dwellings
- Bolivia 2001: Private occupied dwellings
- Bolivia 2012: Private occupied dwellings
- Botswana 1981: Private households
- Botswana 1991: Private households
- Botswana 2001: Private households
- Botswana 2011: Private households
- Brazil 1960: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
- Brazil 1970: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
- Brazil 1980: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
- Brazil 1991: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
- Brazil 2000: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
- Brazil 2010: Not group quarters, not improvised dwellings
- Burkina Faso 1996: All households
- Burkina Faso 2006: All households
- Cambodia 1998: Regular households
- Cambodia 2004: All households
- Cambodia 2008: Regular households
- Cambodia 2013: All households
- Cambodia 2019: All households
- Cameroon 1976: Occupied dwellings
- Cameroon 1987: Private households
- Cameroon 2005: Private households
- Chile 1960: Household heads
- Chile 1970: Occupied dwellings
- Chile 1982: Private occupied dwellings with people present
- Chile 1992: Private occupied dwellings with people present
- Chile 2002: Private occupied dwellings with people present
- Colombia 1973: All households
- Colombia 1985: Occupied (not vacant) dwellings
- Colombia 1993: All households
- Colombia 2005: All households
- Costa Rica 1963: Persons who lived in private dwellings
- Costa Rica 1973: Private, occupied dwellings
- Costa Rica 1984: Private, occupied dwellings
- Costa Rica 2000: Private, occupied dwellings
- Costa Rica 2011: Private, occupied dwellings
- Cuba 2002: Private occupied dwellings
- Cuba 2012: Private occupied dwellings
- Côte d'Ivoire 1988: All households
- Côte d'Ivoire 1998: Ordinary households
- Dominican Republic 1981: Primary household in occupied dwellings
- Dominican Republic 2002: Private occupied designated households
- Dominican Republic 2010: Private occupied dwellings
- Ecuador 1962: Household heads
- Ecuador 1974: Private dwellings
- Ecuador 1982: Private occupied dwellings
- Ecuador 1990: Private occupied dwellings
- Ecuador 2001: Private occupied dwellings
- Ecuador 2010: Private occupied dwellings
- Egypt 1986: All households
- Egypt 1996: All households
- Egypt 2006: Private households
- El Salvador 1992: Occupied private households
- El Salvador 2007: Occupied private households with people present
- Ethiopia 1984: Urban households
- Ethiopia 1994: Urban households
- Ethiopia 2007: Household units that responded to the long form
- Fiji 1986: All households
- Fiji 1996: All households
- Fiji 2007: All households
- Fiji 2014: All households
- France 1968: Ordinary households
- Ghana 2000: Occupied private households
- Ghana 2010: Occupied private households
- Greece 1971: Regular dwellings
- Greece 1981: Regular dwellings
- Greece 1991: Regular dwellings
- Greece 2001: Regular dwellings
- Guatemala 1964: All households
- Guatemala 1981: Private occupied households
- Guatemala 1994: Private occupied households
- Guatemala 2002: Private households
- Guinea 1983: All households
- Guinea 1996: Non-collective dwellings
- Haiti 1971: All households
- Haiti 1982: Occupied households in the communes of Port-au-Prince, Pétion-Ville and Croix des Bouquets
- Haiti 2003: All households
- Honduras 1961: Households consisting of a head
- Honduras 1988: Private households
- Honduras 2001: Private households
- Honduras 2013: Households in occupied private dwellings with persons present
- Hungary 1980: Non-collective dwellings
- Indonesia 1971: All households
- Indonesia 1976: All households
- Indonesia 1980: All households
- Indonesia 1985: All households
- Indonesia 1990: All households
- Indonesia 1995: All households
- Indonesia 2005: All households
- Indonesia 2010: Permanent households in regular and remote enumeration areas
- Iran 2006: All households
- Iraq 1997: Private dwellings
- Ireland 1971: Non-mobile households
- Israel 1972: Non-Jewish households
- Jamaica 1982: All households
- Jamaica 1991: Private households
- Jamaica 2001: Private households
- Jordan 2004: Not hotel or public housing units
- Kenya 1989: Non-collective dwellings
- Kenya 1999: All households
- Kenya 2009: Conventional households or refugee camps
- Kenya 2019: Conventional households
- Kyrgyzstan 1999: Non-collective dwellings
- Laos 1995: All households
- Laos 2005: Private households
- Laos 2015: All households
- Lesotho 1996: All households
- Lesotho 2006: All households
- Liberia 2008: All households
- Malawi 1998: Private households
- Malawi 2008: Private households
- Malawi 2018: All households
- Malaysia 1991: Private households
- Malaysia 2000: All households
- Mali 1987: All households
- Mali 1998: All households
- Mali 2009: All households
- Mexico 1970: All households
- Mexico 1990: Dwellings except shelters
- Mexico 1995: All households
- Mexico 2000: All households
- Mexico 2005: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2010: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2015: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2020: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mongolia 1989: All households
- Mongolia 2000: All households
- Mongolia 2010: All households
- Mongolia 2020: All households
- Morocco 1982: Non-nomadic households
- Morocco 1994: Non-tent households
- Morocco 2004: Non-tent households
- Morocco 2014: All households
- Mozambique 1997: Private occupied households
- Mozambique 2007: Private occupied households
- Mozambique 2017: All households
- Myanmar 2014: Conventional households
- Nepal 2001: All households
- Nepal 2011: All households
- Nicaragua 1971: Private occupied households
- Nicaragua 1995: Private occupied households with inhabitants present
- Nicaragua 2005: Private households with inhabitants present, hotels, boarding houses, or guest houses
- Pakistan 1998: All households
- Palestine 1997: All households
- Palestine 2007: Not households in Jerusalem annexed by Israel in 1967
- Panama 1990: Private occupied households
- Panama 2000: Private occupied households
- Panama 2010: Private occupied households
- Papua New Guinea 1990: Enumerated urban households
- Paraguay 1972: Private occupied households
- Paraguay 1982: Private occupied households
- Paraguay 1992: Private occupied households
- Paraguay 2002: Private occupied households
- Peru 1993: Private occupied households with people present
- Peru 2007: Private occupied households with people present
- Peru 2017: Private occupied households with people present
- Philippines 1990: All households
- Philippines 2000: All households
- Philippines 2010: All households
- Portugal 1981: Non-collective occupied households
- Portugal 1991: Private households in dwelling of usual residence
- Portugal 2001: Private households in dwelling of usual residence
- Puerto Rico 1970: Private households
- Puerto Rico 1980: Private households
- Romania 1977: All households
- Romania 1992: All households
- Romania 2002: All households
- Romania 2011: All households
- Rwanda 1991: All households
- Rwanda 2002: Private households
- Rwanda 2012: All households
- Saint Lucia 1980: All households
- Saint Lucia 1991: All households
- Senegal 1988: All households
- Senegal 2002: All households
- Senegal 2013: Ordinary households
- Sierra Leone 2004: All households
- Sierra Leone 2015: Occupied households
- South Africa 1996: Private households
- South Africa 2001: Non-homeless households
- South Africa 2007: Non-institutional households
- South Africa 2011: Households in housing units or converted hostels
- South Africa 2016: All households
- South Sudan 2008: All households
- Spain 1991: All dwellings except lodging
- Sudan 2008: All households
- Suriname 2012: All households
- Tanzania 1988: All households
- Tanzania 2002: All households
- Tanzania 2012: All households
- Thailand 1970: Urban private non-mobile households
- Thailand 1980: All households
- Thailand 1990: All households
- Togo 1960: All households
- Togo 2010: All households
- Trinidad and Tobago 1980: All households
- Trinidad and Tobago 1990: All households
- Trinidad and Tobago 2000: Households that completed interview
- Trinidad and Tobago 2011: Private occupied households
- Uganda 1991: Not institutions
- Uganda 2002: Private households
- Uganda 2014: All households
- Uruguay 1963: Private occupied households
- Uruguay 1975: Private occupied households
- Uruguay 1985: Private occupied households with people present
- Uruguay 1996: Private occupied households
- Uruguay 2006: All households
- Uruguay 2011: Private occupied households
- Venezuela 1971: Non-collective occupied dwellings
- Venezuela 1981: Occupied dwellings
- Venezuela 1990: Non-collective permanent occupied dwellings, not including "other type" private dwellings
- Venezuela 2001: Permanently occupied private dwellings
- Vietnam 1989: All households
- Vietnam 1999: Households in a dwelling
- Vietnam 2009: All households
- Vietnam 2019: All households
- Zambia 1990: Occupied residential households
- Zambia 2000: All households
- Zambia 2010: All households
- Zimbabwe 2012: Private households
Availability
- Argentina: 1980, 1991
- Armenia: 2001
- Bangladesh: 1991, 2001, 2011
- Belarus: 1999
- Benin: 1979, 1992, 2002, 2013
- Bolivia: 1976, 1992, 2001, 2012
- Botswana: 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011
- Brazil: 1960, 1970, 1980, 1991, 2000, 2010
- Burkina Faso: 1996, 2006
- Cambodia: 1998, 2004, 2008, 2013, 2019
- Cameroon: 1976, 1987, 2005
- Chile: 1960, 1970, 1982, 1992, 2002
- Colombia: 1973, 1985, 1993, 2005
- Costa Rica: 1963, 1973, 1984, 2000, 2011
- Cuba: 2002, 2012
- Côte d'Ivoire: 1988, 1998
- Dominican Republic: 1981, 2002, 2010
- Ecuador: 1962, 1974, 1982, 1990, 2001, 2010
- Egypt: 1986, 1996, 2006
- El Salvador: 1992, 2007
- Ethiopia: 1984, 1994, 2007
- Fiji: 1986, 1996, 2007, 2014
- France: 1968
- Ghana: 2000, 2010
- Greece: 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001
- Guatemala: 1964, 1981, 1994, 2002
- Guinea: 1983, 1996
- Haiti: 1971, 1982, 2003
- Honduras: 1961, 1988, 2001, 2013
- Hungary: 1980
- Indonesia: 1971, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1990, 1995, 2005, 2010
- Iran: 2006
- Iraq: 1997
- Ireland: 1971
- Israel: 1972
- Jamaica: 1982, 1991, 2001
- Jordan: 2004
- Kenya: 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019
- Kyrgyzstan: 1999
- Laos: 1995, 2005, 2015
- Lesotho: 1996, 2006
- Liberia: 2008
- Malawi: 1998, 2008, 2018
- Malaysia: 1991, 2000
- Mali: 1987, 1998, 2009
- Mexico: 1970, 1990, 1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020
- Mongolia: 1989, 2000, 2010, 2020
- Morocco: 1982, 1994, 2004, 2014
- Mozambique: 1997, 2007, 2017
- Myanmar: 2014
- Nepal: 2001, 2011
- Nicaragua: 1971, 1995, 2005
- Nigeria: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
- Pakistan: 1998
- Palestine: 1997, 2007
- Panama: 1990, 2000, 2010
- Papua New Guinea: 1990
- Paraguay: 1972, 1982, 1992, 2002
- Peru: 1993, 2007, 2017
- Philippines: 1990, 2000, 2010
- Portugal: 1981, 1991, 2001
- Puerto Rico: 1970, 1980
- Romania: 1977, 1992, 2002, 2011
- Rwanda: 1991, 2002, 2012
- Saint Lucia: 1980, 1991
- Senegal: 1988, 2002, 2013
- Sierra Leone: 2004, 2015
- South Africa: 1996, 2001, 2007, 2011, 2016
- South Sudan: 2008
- Spain: 1991
- Sudan: 2008
- Suriname: 2012
- Tanzania: 1988, 2002, 2012
- Thailand: 1970, 1980, 1990
- Togo: 1960, 2010
- Trinidad and Tobago: 1980, 1990, 2000, 2011
- Uganda: 1991, 2002, 2014
- Uruguay: 1963, 1975, 1985, 1996, 2006, 2011
- Venezuela: 1971, 1981, 1990, 2001
- Vietnam: 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019
- Zambia: 1990, 2000, 2010
- Zimbabwe: 2012
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