Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Computer : public Editor {
public:
Computer(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::ng2008a: {
if (NG2008A_0048(0) == 2 && NG2008A_0054(0) == 1)
a = 2;
} break;
case dataset_id::ng2009a: {
if (NG2009A_0053(0) == 2 && NG2009A_0059(0) == 1)
a = 2;
} break;
case dataset_id::fj2014a: {
if (FJ2014A_0079(0) == 0 && FJ2014A_0081(0) > 0 && FJ2014A_0081(0) < 9)
a = 2;
} break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
COMPUTER indicates whether the household had a personal computer.
Comparability — Index
Comparability — General
The variable is comparable across samples. There are minor differences in the instructions in their explicit treatment of broken machines or machines for work use. Not all censuses specified actual ownership of the computer, versus simply having one in the dwelling at the household's disposal. Some samples have separate information about Internet access in INTERNET.
Comparability — Argentina [top]
The 2001 sample asks whether the household has a computer with internet connection. The 2010 sample asks only whether the household has a computer which is available to the occupants of the household.
Comparability — Armenia [top]
The 2011 sample asks whether there is a computer in the dwelling, without specifying ownership or condition.
Comparability — Belarus [top]
The 2009 questionnaire indicates the availability of a computer within the household.
Comparability — Benin [top]
The 2013 census asked whether the household owns a computer that is in functional condition.
Comparability — Brazil [top]
For the 2000 sample, enumerators were instructed to include only those units currently in usable condition. The 2010 sample asks whether the household has a personal computer.
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
The 2006 sample asks for the number of working computers in the household.
Comparability — Cambodia [top]
In 2008, 2013 and 2019, the underlying data in the unharmonized variables record the number of computers owned by the household. In 2019 sample, both laptop and desktop computers are included.
Comparability — Costa Rica [top]
The computer had to be in usable condition in the 2000 sample, while it needed to be in good condition in the 2011 sample. For both samples, it was not to be included if it was exclusively for work purposes.
The 2011 sample separate questions about desktop and laptop computers; both are included in this variable.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
The 1996 sample asks for whether the household has a computer and the instructions of specify that the purpose of tenure of this appliance must be for use and not commerce. The 2006 sample asks for the number of computers, which is preserved in the unharmonized data, and counts computers in use or put aside for future use.
Comparability — El Salvador [top]
The computer must be owned by a household member.
Comparability — Fiji [top]
The 2007 census asks for the number of computers or laptops, while the 2014 census includes computers, laptops, iPads, or tablets owned by the household.
Comparability — Honduras [top]
In 2001 and 2013, the census question includes the computer even if it is found in poor working condition awaiting repair.
Comparability — Iran [top]
The census question concerns ownership of a computer; but if one is used for work purposes, it is still counted as long as other household members have access for personal use.
Comparability — Ireland [top]
The 2002, 2006, 2011, and 2016 samples indicate if the household had a personal computer (or PC).
Comparability — Israel [top]
The 2008 census question indicates the availability of a laptop computer or personal computer (PC).
Comparability — Jamaica [top]
The computer had to be owned by a household member and be in working condition.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
In the 2019 census, computer refers to any household member owning a desktop computer, laptop, or tablet.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
The 2018 census asks if the respondent has a computer, laptop or tablet.
Comparability — Mexico [top]
In 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2020 units belonging to an employer are excluded. Enumerators for the 2000, 2015, and 2020 questionnaires were instructed to include broken or inoperable computers if the household intended to repair the unit. In 2015 and 2020, instructions indicated that "computer" may include desktop and portable computers (laptop, tablet, or notebook).
Comparability — Mozambique [top]
For the 2007 census, the computer must be in working condition. For the 2017 census, computers refer to desktop computer, laptop or a tablet.
Comparability — Nepal [top]
The census question in 2011 refers to a desktop or laptop used by household members.
Comparability — Nicaragua [top]
The computer must be owned by a household member. Computers in poor condition were to be included.
Comparability — Paraguay [top]
The computer must be in working condition.
Comparability — Peru [top]
In 2007 and 2017, enumerators were explicitly instructed to include broken computers if the household intended to repair it soon. The 2017 census question includes computers, laptops, or tablets.
Comparability — Philippines [top]
The 2010 census asks whether the household has a desktop, laptop, notebook, or netbook in working condition.
Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]
The 2020 sample asks whether the household has a laptop, desktop, or notebook computer, including those provided by school or an employer. Separate source variables are available for handheld computer devices (tablet, smartphone), but were not integrated in COMPUTER.
Comparability — Rwanda [top]
In 2012, the census question requires that the computer has to be in functioning condition.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
In 2002, the question regarding computers was asked in the context of "means of production": tools for producing goods and services. In 2013, it refers of ownership of computer or laptop for private use; a separate unharmonized source variable is available for computer or WiFi used as a mean of production.
Comparability — Sierra Leone [top]
Both censuses report a computer owned by a household member.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
In the 2001, 2007, 2011, and 2016 samples, the computer had to be in working condition. The 2016 samples indicates ownership of a computer, desktop, or laptop, while previous samples only refer to a "computer". The universe varies slightly between these samples.
Comparability — Suriname [top]
The 2012 census asks whether a computer, laptop, netbook, or tablet in working condition is at the household's disposal.
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
This question asked if the household had a computer or a laptop.
Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]
The 2000 questionnaire indicates the availability of a computer within the household.
Comparability — Uganda [top]
In 2014, the source variable indicates the number of computers/laptops available in the household.
Comparability — United States [top]
The 2020 sample asks whether the household has a laptop, desktop, or notebook computer, including those provided by school or an employer. Separate source variables are available for handheld computer devices (tablet, smartphone), but were not integrated in COMPUTER.
Comparability — Uruguay [top]
In 1996 and 2006, the question asks whether or not the home has a computer, but is not explicit about whether this means ownership or access. If the computer was out of service and being repaired, it was to be counted. In 2011, the question asks if the household owns a computer and also records the number of computers in the household. For more detail see the unharmonized source variable.
Comparability — Vietnam [top]
In 2009 and 2019, the census question asked if the household was using a computer.
Universe
- Argentina 2001: Private households
- Argentina 2010: Private households
- Armenia 2011: All households
- Belarus 2009: Residential non-collective houses or apartments
- Benin 2013: All households
- Brazil 2000: Occupied permanent private households
- Brazil 2010: Occupied permanent private households
- Burkina Faso 2006: All households
- Cambodia 2008: Regular households
- Cambodia 2013: All households
- Cambodia 2019: All households
- Chile 2002: Private occupied dwellings
- Colombia 2005: All households
- Costa Rica 2000: Private occupied dwellings
- Costa Rica 2011: Private occupied dwellings
- Dominican Republic 2002: Private occupied designated households
- Dominican Republic 2010: Private occupied dwellings
- Ecuador 2010: Private households
- Egypt 1996: All households
- Egypt 2006: Private households
- El Salvador 2007: Occupied private dwellings with people present
- Fiji 2007: All households
- Fiji 2014: All households
- Ghana 2010: Occupied private households
- Haiti 2003: Occupied private households
- Honduras 2001: Private households
- Honduras 2013: Private households
- Iran 2006: All households
- Ireland 2002: Private households
- Ireland 2006: Private households
- Ireland 2011: Private households
- Ireland 2016: Private households
- Israel 1995: Private and Kibbutz households
- Israel 2008: Private households
- Jamaica 2001: Private households
- Jordan 2004: Not hotel or public housing unit
- Kenya 2009: Conventional households or refugee camps
- Kenya 2019: Private households
- Laos 2015: All households
- Malawi 2018: All households
- Malaysia 2000: All households
- Mexico 2000: All households
- Mexico 2005: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2010: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2015: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2020: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mongolia 2020: All households
- Morocco 2014: All households
- Mozambique 2007: Households in private occupied dwellings
- Mozambique 2017: Households in private occupied dwellings
- Myanmar 2014: Conventional households
- Nepal 2011: All households
- Nicaragua 2005: Private households with inhabitants present or hotel, boarding house and guest house
- Palestine 1997: All households
- Palestine 2007: All households except Jerusalem annexed by Israel in 1967
- Panama 2000: Private occupied dwellings
- Panama 2010: Private occupied dwellings
- Paraguay 2002: Private or multi-household dwellings
- Peru 1993: Private occupied dwellings
- Peru 2007: Private occupied dwellings
- Peru 2017: Private occupied dwellings with persons present
- Philippines 2010: All households
- Puerto Rico 2020: Private occupied households
- Rwanda 2002: Private households
- Rwanda 2012: All households
- Senegal 2002: All households
- Senegal 2013: Ordinary households
- Sierra Leone 2004: All households
- Sierra Leone 2015: Occupied households
- South Africa 2001: Non-homeless households
- South Africa 2007: Non-institutional households
- South Africa 2011: Households in housing units or converted hostels
- South Africa 2016: All households
- South Sudan 2008: All households
- Sudan 2008: All households
- Suriname 2012: All households
- Tanzania 2012: All households
- Togo 2010: All households
- Trinidad and Tobago 2000: Households that completed the interview
- Uganda 2014: All households
- United States 2020: Private occupied households
- Uruguay 1996: Occupied private households
- Uruguay 2006: All households
- Uruguay 2011: Occupied private households
- Venezuela 2001: Permanently occupied private dwellings
- Vietnam 2009: All households
- Vietnam 2019: All households
- Zambia 2010: All households
Availability
- Argentina: 2001, 2010
- Armenia: 2011
- Belarus: 2009
- Benin: 2013
- Brazil: 2000, 2010
- Burkina Faso: 2006
- Cambodia: 2008, 2013, 2019
- Chile: 2002
- Colombia: 2005
- Costa Rica: 2000, 2011
- Dominican Republic: 2002, 2010
- Ecuador: 2010
- Egypt: 1996, 2006
- El Salvador: 2007
- Fiji: 2007, 2014
- Ghana: 2010
- Haiti: 2003
- Honduras: 2001, 2013
- Iran: 2006
- Ireland: 2002, 2006, 2011, 2016
- Israel: 1995, 2008
- Jamaica: 2001
- Jordan: 2004
- Kenya: 2009, 2019
- Laos: 2015
- Malawi: 2018
- Malaysia: 2000
- Mexico: 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020
- Mongolia: 2020
- Morocco: 2014
- Mozambique: 2007, 2017
- Myanmar: 2014
- Nepal: 2011
- Nicaragua: 2005
- Nigeria: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
- Palestine: 1997, 2007
- Panama: 2000, 2010
- Paraguay: 2002
- Peru: 1993, 2007, 2017
- Philippines: 2010
- Puerto Rico: 2020
- Rwanda: 2002, 2012
- Senegal: 2002, 2013
- Sierra Leone: 2004, 2015
- South Africa: 2001, 2007, 2011, 2016
- South Sudan: 2008
- Sudan: 2008
- Suriname: 2012
- Tanzania: 2012
- Togo: 2010
- Trinidad and Tobago: 2000
- Uganda: 2014
- United States: 2020
- Uruguay: 1996, 2006, 2011
- Venezuela: 2001
- Vietnam: 2009, 2019
- Zambia: 2010
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