Codes and Frequencies
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Internet : public Editor {
public:
Internet(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::jm2001a: {
if (JM2001A_0062(0) == 9 && JM2001A_0101(0) > 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::ng2008a: {
if (NG2008A_0049(0) == 2 && NG2008A_0055(0) == 1)
a = 2;
} break;
case dataset_id::ng2009a: {
if (NG2009A_0053(0) == 2 && NG2009A_0059(0) == 1)
a = 2;
} break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
INTERNET indicates whether or not the household had an internet connection.
Comparability — Index
Comparability — General
The variable is loosely comparable across samples. There is variation across countries and samples with regards to measuring access and ownership. Most samples ask about internet access, while some specify or imply that the household surveyed owned an internet connection or a computer with an internet connection. See the country-specific comparability discussions for information on the concept measured in each sample.
Users should note that some census samples ask whether or not household members have accessed the internet during a time period prior to the census, such as Indonesia 2010 or Mozambique 2007. These variables have not been harmonized here since they refer to using the internet rather than having an internet connection in the household. These data can be accessed through the unharmonized variables.
Comparability — Armenia [top]
This variable is only available for the 2011 sample. The question was only asked to households that indicated they owned a personal computer. The original source variable distinguishes between permanent and temporary internet connection. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.
Comparability — Belarus [top]
In 2009, a large number of households have unknown internet connection, but this seems to be associated to the leading question that asks whether or not the household has a computer.
Comparability — Benin [top]
In 2013, the census question referred to ownership of an internet connection for the household, but only if it is functional. The source variables for this sample include another question indicating the method of internet access usually used by household members.
Comparability — Botswana [top]
In 2011, the census question asked whether or not any member of this household had access to internet from home.
Comparability — Cambodia [top]
The 2008, 2013 and 2019 samples indicate whether the household accessed the internet at home. The ownership of the connection in the household is unclear. See the source variables to identify whether the household accessed the internet outside home.
Comparability — Chile [top]
This variable is only available for the 2002 sample. The census question asked if the household had an internet connection.
Comparability — Egypt [top]
This variable is only available for the 2006 sample. The original source variables indicate if there was only an internet connection in the household and the number of internet connections available in the household.
Comparability — El Salvador [top]
This variable is only available for the 2007 sample. The census question asked whether or not the household had internet service that "belonged" to it.
Comparability — Fiji [top]
The 2007 and 2014 census questions ask about the number of internet connections owned by the household.
Comparability — Honduras [top]
The 2013 census asks whether the household has internet service.
Comparability — Iran [top]
The question asked if at least one household member used the internet in his or her place of residence. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.
Comparability — Ireland [top]
The underlying source variables distinguish between broadband and non-broadband access.
Comparability — Israel [top]
In 2008, households that did not have a computer were classified as not having an internet connection. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.
Comparability — Italy [top]
The 2011 sample indicates whether an internet connection of any kind is available in the household. The source variables for this sample allow identifying the type of internet connection.
Comparability — Jordan [top]
The census question asked if the household had internet access. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
In 2019, the census questionnaire asks whether any household member owned a fixed internet connection at home. Separate unharmonized variables identify internet household access to the internet through a mobile phone or modem, and whether household members used the internet (from any location) within the last three months.
Comparability — Malawi [top]
The 2018 census asks if the household has an internet connection. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.
Comparability — Malaysia [top]
This variable is only available in the 2000 sample. The question asked whether or not the household had an internet subscription.
Comparability — Mexico [top]
For the 2010, 2015 and 2020 samples, the census question asked whether or not there was access to an internet connection within the dwelling. The ownership of the connection is unclear. The 2020 census question even indicates to include cases where the signal is passed on, stolen, or accessed through a public network.
Comparability — Mongolia [top]
The 2020 sample indicates whether the household has access to the internet. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear. In 2010 and 2020, separate unharmonized variables indicate whether household members had used the internet.
Comparability — Mozambique [top]
In 2017, the census questionnaire asks whether the household has internet, that is in working condition or only temporarily out of use. In 2007 and 2017, separate unharmonized variables indicate whether household members had used the internet.
Comparability — Nepal [top]
In 2011, the census question refers to any type of internet access for the household, even through personal digital assistants (PDA) or mobile phones.
Comparability — Nicaragua [top]
This variable is only available for the 2005 sample. The census question explicitly asks if the household owns the internet.
Comparability — Palestine [top]
This variable is only available for the 2007 sample. Two separate questions asked whether the household had an Israeli or Palestinian internet "line". See the unharmonized sources variables for more detail.
Comparability — Paraguay [top]
This variable is only available for the 2002 sample. The census question asked whether or not there was a computer connected to the internet in the household.
Comparability — Peru [top]
The 2007 and 2017 samples, the census question asked whether the household has an internet connection. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.
Comparability — Philippines [top]
The 2010 sample asked if a household had access to the internet from home. The source variables also identify internet access from elsewhere.
Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]
In 2020, the census question asked if the household had access to the internet. The question differentiates between access to the internet with a subscription, when a household member obtains access through a contract with an internet service provider, a landlord, the government, or someone else, and without a subscription. INTERNET includes both types of internet access at home. The source variables for this sample allow identifying the type of internet service for households with an internet subscription (broadband, satellite, cellular data plan and others.).
Comparability — Rwanda [top]
The 2002 sample asks whether the household owns a personal computer and if it is connected to the internet. The 2012 census asks whether any member of this household had access to the internet: responses indicating access from home have been included in INTERNET, but the source variables allow identifying other locations for internet access.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
In 2013, households that had internet in the dwelling as part of their means for production were harmonized with other households who indicated having internet at home. See unharmonized source variables for more detail.
Comparability — South Africa [top]
The 2007 sample identifies whether there are internet facilities at home.
In 2011, the census question asks how the household mainly accesses the internet. Only those households that responded "from home" are considered to have an internet connection. Households that indicated that they mainly access the internet from a cell phone, from work, or from another source are included in the unknown cases. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.
In 2016, households who reported owning working internet and those who use internet available from the dwelling are considered to have an internet connection.
Comparability — Spain [top]
This variable is only available for the 2011 sample. The census question asked whether household had a contract with an internet service provider.
Comparability — Suriname [top]
In 2012, the question asked whether there is internet access that is working and directly owned by the household. Separate unharmonized variables indicate use of internet at different locations within the last three months.
Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]
The 2000 sample asks about the household access to the internet, while in 2011 respondents could indicate whether they had access to different types of internet services. For INTERNET, a household is considered to have access if they had any type of internet service.
Comparability — United States [top]
In 2020, the census question asked if the household had access to the internet. The question differentiates between access to the internet with a subscription, when a household member obtains access through a contract with an internet service provider, a landlord, the government, or someone else, and without a subscription. INTERNET includes both types of internet access at home. The source variables for this sample allow identifying the type of internet service for households with an internet subscription (broadband, satellite, cellular data plan and others.).
Universe
- Argentina 2001: Non-collective dwellings and not homeless
- Armenia 2011: Households with computers
- Belarus 2009: Residential non-collective houses or apartments with a computer
- Benin 2013: All households
- Bolivia 2012: Private dwellings
- Botswana 2011: Private households
- Brazil 2010: Occupied permanent private housing units with computer
- Burkina Faso 2006: All households
- Cambodia 2008: Regular households
- Cambodia 2013: All households
- Cambodia 2019: All households
- Chile 2002: Private occupied dwellings
- Costa Rica 2011: Private dwellings
- Dominican Republic 2002: Private occupied designated household
- Dominican Republic 2010: Private, occupied dwelling
- Ecuador 2010: Private households
- Egypt 2006: Private households
- El Salvador 2007: Occupied private dwellings with people present
- Fiji 2007: All households
- Fiji 2014: All households
- Greece 2011: All households
- Honduras 2013: Private occupied dwellings with persons present
- Iran 2006: Private dwellings
- Ireland 2002: Private households
- Ireland 2006: Private households
- Ireland 2011: Private households
- Ireland 2016: Private households
- Israel 2008: Private households
- Italy 2011: Private households
- Jamaica 2001: Private households
- Jordan 2004: Not hotel or public housing unit
- Kenya 2019: Conventional households
- Malawi 2018: All households
- Malaysia 2000: All households
- Mexico 2010: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2015: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mexico 2020: Private dwellings built for habitation
- Mongolia 2020: All households
- Morocco 2014: All households
- Mozambique 2017: All households
- Myanmar 2014: Conventional households
- Nepal 2011: All households
- Nicaragua 2005: Private households with inhabitants present or hotel, boarding house and guest house
- Palestine 2007: All households except Jerusalem annexed by Israel in 1967
- Panama 2010: Households other than the collective type that have computers
- Paraguay 2002: Private or multi-household dwellings
- Peru 2007: Private occupied households
- Peru 2017: Private occupied households
- Philippines 2010: All households
- Puerto Rico 2020: Private occupied households
- Rwanda 2002: Private households
- Rwanda 2012: Private households
- Senegal 2013: Ordinary households
- South Africa 2007: Private households
- South Africa 2011: Households in housing units or converted hostels
- South Africa 2016: All households
- Spain 2011: All households
- Suriname 2012: All households
- Tanzania 2012: All households
- Trinidad and Tobago 2000: Households that completed interview
- Trinidad and Tobago 2011: Private occupied households
- United States 2020: Private occupied households
- Uruguay 2006: All households
- Uruguay 2011: Private occupied households
- Venezuela 2001: Permanently occupied private dwellings
- Zambia 2010: All households
Availability
- Argentina: 2001
- Armenia: 2011
- Belarus: 2009
- Benin: 2013
- Bolivia: 2012
- Botswana: 2011
- Brazil: 2010
- Burkina Faso: 2006
- Cambodia: 2008, 2013, 2019
- Chile: 2002
- Costa Rica: 2011
- Dominican Republic: 2002, 2010
- Ecuador: 2010
- Egypt: 2006
- El Salvador: 2007
- Fiji: 2007, 2014
- Greece: 2011
- Honduras: 2013
- Iran: 2006
- Ireland: 2002, 2006, 2011, 2016
- Israel: 2008
- Italy: 2011
- Jamaica: 2001
- Jordan: 2004
- Kenya: 2019
- Malawi: 2018
- Malaysia: 2000
- Mexico: 2010, 2015, 2020
- Mongolia: 2020
- Morocco: 2014
- Mozambique: 2017
- Myanmar: 2014
- Nepal: 2011
- Nicaragua: 2005
- Nigeria: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
- Palestine: 2007
- Panama: 2010
- Paraguay: 2002
- Peru: 2007, 2017
- Philippines: 2010
- Puerto Rico: 2020
- Rwanda: 2002, 2012
- Senegal: 2013
- South Africa: 2007, 2011, 2016
- Spain: 2011
- Suriname: 2012
- Tanzania: 2012
- Trinidad and Tobago: 2000, 2011
- United States: 2020
- Uruguay: 2006, 2011
- Venezuela: 2001
- Zambia: 2010
Loading...