Comparability — Armenia [top]

This variable is only available for the 2011 sample. The question was only asked to households that indicated they owned a personal computer. The original source variable distinguishes between permanent and temporary internet connection. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.

Comparability — Belarus [top]

In 2009, a large number of households have unknown internet connection, but this seems to be associated to the leading question that asks whether or not the household has a computer.

Comparability — Benin [top]

In 2013, the census question referred to ownership of an internet connection for the household, but only if it is functional. The source variables for this sample include another question indicating the method of internet access usually used by household members.

Comparability — Botswana [top]

In 2011, the census question asked whether or not any member of this household had access to internet from home.

Comparability — Cambodia [top]

The 2008, 2013 and 2019 samples indicate whether the household accessed the internet at home. The ownership of the connection in the household is unclear. See the source variables to identify whether the household accessed the internet outside home.

Comparability — Chile [top]

This variable is only available for the 2002 sample. The census question asked if the household had an internet connection.

Comparability — Egypt [top]

This variable is only available for the 2006 sample. The original source variables indicate if there was only an internet connection in the household and the number of internet connections available in the household.

Comparability — El Salvador [top]

This variable is only available for the 2007 sample. The census question asked whether or not the household had internet service that "belonged" to it.

Comparability — Fiji [top]

The 2007 and 2014 census questions ask about the number of internet connections owned by the household.

Comparability — Iran [top]

The question asked if at least one household member used the internet in his or her place of residence. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.

Comparability — Ireland [top]

The underlying source variables distinguish between broadband and non-broadband access.

Comparability — Israel [top]

In 2008, households that did not have a computer were classified as not having an internet connection. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.

Comparability — Italy [top]

The 2011 sample indicates whether an internet connection of any kind is available in the household. The source variables for this sample allow identifying the type of internet connection.

Comparability — Jordan [top]

The census question asked if the household had internet access. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.

Comparability — Malaysia [top]

This variable is only available in the 2000 sample. The question asked whether or not the household had an internet subscription.

Comparability — Mexico [top]

For the 2010, 2015 and 2020 samples, the census question asked whether or not there was access to an internet connection within the dwelling. The ownership of the connection is unclear. The 2020 census question even indicates to include cases where the signal is passed on, stolen, or accessed through a public network.

Comparability — Nepal [top]

In 2011, the census question refers to any type of internet access for the household, even through personal digital assistants (PDA) or mobile phones.

Comparability — Nicaragua [top]

This variable is only available for the 2005 sample. The census question explicitly asks if the household owns then internet.

Comparability — Palestine [top]

This variable is only available for the 2007 sample. Two separate questions asked whether the household had an Israeli or Palestinian internet "line". See the unharmonized sources variables for more detail.

Comparability — Paraguay [top]

This variable is only available for the 2002 sample. The census question asked whether or not there was a computer connected to the internet in the household.

Comparability — Peru [top]

The 2007 and 2017 samples, the census question asked whether the household has an internet connection. Whether or not the household owned an internet connection is unclear.

Comparability — Philippines [top]

The 2010 sample asked if a household had access to the internet from home. The source variables also identify internet access from elsewhere.

Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]

In 2020, the census question asked if the household had access to the internet. The question differentiates between access to the internet with a subscription, when a household member obtains access through a contract with an internet service provider, a landlord, the government, or someone else, and without a subscription. INTERNET includes both types of internet access at home. The source variables for this sample allow identifying the type of internet service for households with an internet subscription (broadband, satellite, cellular data plan and others.).

Comparability — Rwanda [top]

The 2002 sample asks whether the household owns a personal computer and if it is connected to the internet. The 2012 census asks whether any member of this household had access to the internet: responses indicating access from home have been included in INTERNET, but the source variables allow identifying other locations for internet access.

Comparability — Senegal [top]

In 2013, households that had internet in the dwelling as part of their means for production were harmonized with other households who indicated having internet at home. See unharmonized source variables for more detail.

Comparability — South Africa [top]

The 2007 sample identifies whether there are internet facilities at home.

In 2011, the census question asks how the household mainly accesses the internet. Only those households that responded "from home" are considered to have an internet connection. Households that indicated that they mainly access the internet from a cell phone, from work, or from another source are included in the unknown cases. See the unharmonized source variable for more detail.

In 2016, households who reported owning working internet and those who use internet available from the dwelling are considered to have an internet connection.

Comparability — Spain [top]

This variable is only available for the 2011 sample. The census question asked if household had a contract with an Internet service provider.

Comparability — Suriname [top]

In 2012, the question asked whether there is internet access that is working and directly owned by the household. Separate unharmonized variables indicate use of internet at different locations within the last three months.

Comparability — Trinidad and Tobago [top]

The 2000 sample asks about the household access to the internet, while in 2011 respondents could indicate whether they had access to different types of internet services. For INTERNET, a household is considered to have access if they had any type of internet service.

Comparability — United States [top]

In 2020, the census question asked if the household had access to the internet. The question differentiates between access to the internet with a subscription, when a household member obtains access through a contract with an internet service provider, a landlord, the government, or someone else, and without a subscription. INTERNET includes both types of internet access at home. The source variables for this sample allow identifying the type of internet service for households with an internet subscription (broadband, satellite, cellular data plan and others.).