Comparability — Argentina [top]

The 1980 sample does not distinguish exclusive or shared use.

Comparability — Armenia [top]

Households with facilities outside their dwelling -- whether inside or outside their building -- are considered to have bathing facilities. They can be distinguished in the unharmonized source variable for the sample.

Comparability — Bolivia [top]

The 1976 sample asks specifically about the availability of a shower or bathtub, but not in the 1992-2012 Bolivia samples.

Comparability — Canada [top]

The 1971 sample identifies exclusive or shared use.

Comparability — Chile [top]

The samples from 1960 to 1982 identify exclusive or shared use; the later samples do not.

Comparability — Costa Rica [top]

Bathing facilities in 1973 explicitly include those which used unpiped water.

Comparability — Dominican Republic [top]

The unharmonized source variables contain information on whether the bathroom was located inside or outside the dwelling.

Comparability — Ecuador [top]

The data are comparable across samples.

Comparability — Egypt [top]

The data are comparable across samples except for slight variations in the question universes, and indicate whether the household has either a bathroom with a toilet or without a toilet. If a household had both a shared and a private bathroom available, it is classified as having exclusive use.

Comparability — Ethiopia [top]

The 1984 and 1994, information was collected only for urban areas. The 2007 sample includes households from both the short and long forms; bath information was included only on the long form.

Comparability — France [top]

The data are comparable across samples, indicating whether the household had a bathtub or a shower. The 2006 and 2011 sample additionally includes households in overseas departments; metropolitan France and overseas departments are split in the unharmonized variables.

Comparability — Germany [top]

The 1971 (East Germany) and 1987 (West Germany) samples indicates simply the presence of a bath/shower within the dwelling, whereas the 1981 (East Germany) sample indicates whether the bath/shower is within the dwelling ("exclusive use"), outside of the dwelling ("shared use"), or unavailable ("no facility").

All three samples are dwelling-specific; there may be multiple households in the same dwelling.

Comparability — Ghana [top]

The data are comparable across samples.

Comparability — Greece [top]

The data are comparable across samples, with only 2001 distinguishing a very few cases of shared use of facilities.

Comparability — Guatemala [top]

The census question in 1964 asks whether there is shower, bathtub or washstand in the household, without distinguishing shared or exclusive use.

Comparability — Honduras [top]

The 1961 census is a sample of individuals, not households. Information is only available for households consisting of a head. This sample distinguishes between shared and exclusive facilities, defining bathing facilities as a shower, bathtub, or other appliance and only if water arrives via pipes.

Comparability — Hungary [top]

The data are comparable across samples.

Comparability — Indonesia [top]

The data are comparable across samples and indicate the place where members of the household bathe. "Public" facilities are coded as "no bathing facilities", and are distinguished from facilities "shared" with a specific set of other households. Use of public bathing facilities is identified in the unharmonized source variable for each year.

Comparability — Ireland [top]

The data are comparable across samples, except that the 1971 sample distinguishes between shared and exclusive facilities. All samples indicate whether the household uses fixed facilities.

Comparability — Israel [top]

The data are comparable across samples.

Comparability — Jamaica [top]

The 2001 sample distinguishes between exclusive and shared use; a subsequent question addresses whether a fixed bath or shower is present in the bathroom.

Comparability — Malawi [top]

The 2018 sample identifies whether the household has or not a bath or shower. It includes additional information on whether this is a fixed or unfixed bath and whether it is outside the dwelling.

Comparability — Mexico [top]

In 2010, 2015 and 2020, the census question refers specifically to showers. In 2010, cases when the household lives in a housing complex with common access are counted and are not distinguished from private showers.

Comparability — Mongolia [top]

The 2000 sample distinguishes between exclusive and shared access and also distinguishes between a fixed or assembled/mobile bath or shower.
The 2020 sample only identifies whether the household has or does not have a bath or shower. It was only asked to persons who answered the long form questionnaire.

Comparability — Morocco [top]

In 1982-2014, this variable indicates whether the household has private or shared access to a "modern" bathroom, defined as a bathroom with a shower or bathtub. There are separate questions in each sample on "traditional" or "local style" Moroccan bathrooms, which are available as unharmonized source variables.

Comparability — Nicaragua [top]

The variable is only available for the 1971 census and indicates if the dwelling has a bathroom and its exclusivity. The unharmonized source variable retains detail on whether the bathroom has means of wastewater disposal.

Comparability — Palestine [top]

The data are comparable across samples except for slight variations in the question universes. The unharmonized variables distinguish between bathing facilities with and without piped water.

Comparability — Panama [top]

Bathing facilities include those without piped water.

Comparability — Paraguay [top]

The 1972-1982 samples distinguish between shared and exclusive use of bathing facilities. The 2002 sample does not.

Comparability — Portugal [top]

Only fixed baths are included, meaning only baths or showers that are connected to a water supply and to a drainage system.

Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]

The 1970-1980 samples separate shared and exclusive use of bathing facilities; the 1990 and later samples sample combine both options.

Comparability — Sierra Leone [top]

In the 2004 and 2015 samples, the unharmonized source variable details the location (inside or outside) and type (built or makeshift) of bathing facilities.

Comparability — Turkey [top]

The variable is only available for the 2000 census and indicates if there is a room set aside for bathing enclosed by four walls located either inside or outside (detached from) the dwelling. The locational detail is preserved in the unharmonized source variable.

Comparability — Uganda [top]

In the 2002 and 2014 samples, makeshift facilities are included as having bathing facilities, because this appears to be consistent with 1991. Only the 1991 sample distinguishes between shared and exclusive use.

In 2002 and 2014, additional details on the location of bathing facilities or availability of drainage are preserved in the unharmonized source variables.

Comparability — United Kingdom [top]

The 2001 sample has data on shared or exclusive use, but does not identify households without any facilities.

Comparability — United States [top]

The data are comparable across samples.

Comparability — Uruguay [top]

The data indicate if the household has a bath or shower for common or shared use. The 1975 census has a separate question on whether the bath or shower has hot water.

Comparability — Venezuela [top]

The 2001 sample distinguishes between exclusive and shared access.