Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Awaychild : public Editor {
public:
Awaychild(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::ke1989a: {
if (KE1989A_0419() < 98 && KE1989A_0420() < 98)
a = KE1989A_0419() + KE1989A_0420();
else
a = 98;
if (KE1989A_0419() == 99 && KE1989A_0420() == 99 &&
(KE1989A_0402() == 1 || KE1989A_0403() < 12))
a = 99;
if (a > 15 && a < 98)
a = 15;
if (KE1989A_0419() == 99 && KE1989A_0403() >= 12 && KE1989A_0402() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::ke1999a: {
if (KE1999A_0423() <= 9 && KE1999A_0424() <= 9)
a = KE1999A_0423() + KE1999A_0424();
else
a = 98;
if (KE1999A_0423() == 99 && KE1999A_0424() == 99 &&
(KE1999A_0402() == 1 || KE1999A_0403() < 12))
a = 99;
if (KE1999A_0423() == 0 && KE1999A_0424() == 0 && KE1999A_0434() == 0)
a = 99;
if (a > 15 && a < 98)
a = 15;
if (KE1999A_0423() == 99 && KE1999A_0403() >= 12 && KE1999A_0402() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::vn1999a: {
if (VN1999A_0435() == 0 && VN1999A_0437() == 0)
a = 99;
if (VN1999A_0435() == 99 && VN1999A_0406() >= 15 &&
VN1999A_0406() <= 49 && VN1999A_0403() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::tz1988a: {
if (TZ1988A_0420() < 98 && TZ1988A_0421() < 98)
a = TZ1988A_0420() + TZ1988A_0421();
if (TZ1988A_0420() == 98 || TZ1988A_0421() == 98)
a = 98;
if (TZ1988A_0420() == 99 || TZ1988A_0421() == 99)
a = 99;
if (a > 20 && a < 98)
a = 20;
} break;
case dataset_id::np2001a: {
a = 99;
if (NP2001A_0428() < 98 && NP2001A_0429() < 98)
a = NP2001A_0428() + NP2001A_0429();
if (NP2001A_0428() == 98 || NP2001A_0429() == 98)
a = 98;
} break;
case dataset_id::tz2002a: {
a = 99;
if (TZ2002A_0424() < 98 && TZ2002A_0425() < 98)
a = TZ2002A_0424() + TZ2002A_0425();
if (TZ2002A_0424() == 98 || TZ2002A_0425() == 98)
a = 98;
if (a > 12 && a < 98)
a = 12;
} break;
case dataset_id::vn2009a: {
if (VN2009A_0429() == 99 && VN2009A_0403() >= 15 &&
VN2009A_0403() <= 49 && VN2009A_0402() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::sl2004a: {
a = SL2004A_0427() + SL2004A_0428();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (SL2004A_0427() == 98 || SL2004A_0428() == 98)
a = 98;
if (SL2004A_0427() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::sd2008a: {
a = SD2008A_0445() + SD2008A_0446();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (SD2008A_0445() == 98 || SD2008A_0446() == 98)
a = 98;
if (SD2008A_0445() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::sv1992a: {
if (SV1992A_0419() == 99 && SV1992A_0416() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::id1976a: {
if (ID1976A_0458() == 99 && ID1976A_0456() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::id1990a: {
a = ID1990A_0456() + ID1990A_0457();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (ID1990A_0456() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::id1995a: {
a = ID1995A_0465() + ID1995A_0466();
if (ID1995A_0465() == 9)
a = 99;
if (ID1995A_0465() == 9 && ID1995A_0462() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::id2010a: {
a = ID2010A_0440() + ID2010A_0441();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (ID2010A_0440() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::ma1994a: {
a = MA1994A_0416() + MA1994A_0417();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (MA1994A_0416() == 98 || MA1994A_0417() == 98)
a = 98;
if (MA1994A_0416() == 99 || MA1994A_0417() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::uy2006a: {
a = UY2006A_0421() + UY2006A_0422();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if ((UY2006A_0421() == 99 || UY2006A_0422() == 99) && UY2006A_0418() == 0)
a = 99;
if ((UY2006A_0421() == 99 || UY2006A_0422() == 99) && UY2006A_0418() == 1)
a = 98;
if ((UY2006A_0421() == 99 || UY2006A_0422() == 99) && UY2006A_0418() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::fj1986a: {
a = FJ1986A_0426() + FJ1986A_0427();
if (a > 10)
a = 10;
if (FJ1986A_0426() == 98 || FJ1986A_0427() == 98)
a = 98;
if (FJ1986A_0426() == 99 || FJ1986A_0427() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::fj1996a: {
a = FJ1996A_0435() + FJ1996A_0436();
if (a > 10)
a = 10;
if (FJ1996A_0435() == 98 || FJ1996A_0436() == 98)
a = 98;
if (FJ1996A_0435() == 99 || FJ1996A_0436() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::ht1982a: {
a = HT1982A_0429() + HT1982A_0430();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (HT1982A_0429() == 98 || HT1982A_0430() == 98)
a = 98;
if (HT1982A_0429() == 99 || HT1982A_0430() == 99)
a = 99;
if (HT1982A_0423() == 2)
a = 0;
if (HT1982A_0402() >= 15 && HT1982A_0401() == 2 && HT1982A_0423() == 8 &&
(HT1982A_0419() == 99 || HT1982A_0430() == 99))
a = 98;
} break;
case dataset_id::ke1979a: {
a = KE1979A_0413() + KE1979A_0414();
if (a > 12)
a = 12;
if (KE1979A_0413() == 98 || KE1979A_0414() == 98)
a = 98;
if (KE1979A_0413() == 99 || KE1979A_0414() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::ke2009a: {
a = KE2009A_0419() + KE2009A_0420();
if (a > 20)
a = 20;
if (KE2009A_0419() == 99 || KE2009A_0420() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::kg2009a: {
if (KG2009A_0450() == 99 && KG2009A_0444() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::ss2008a: {
a = SS2008A_0445() + SS2008A_0446();
if (a > 10)
a = 10;
if (SS2008A_0445() == 98 || SS2008A_0446() == 98)
a = 98;
if (SS2008A_0445() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::lr2008a: {
if (LR2008A_0428() < 9)
a = LR2008A_0428() + LR2008A_0429();
if (a > 7 && a < 98)
a = 7;
} break;
case dataset_id::ng2006a: {
if (NG2006A_0494() < 98 && NG2006A_0495() < 98)
a = NG2006A_0494() + NG2006A_0495();
if (a > 9 && a < 98)
a = 9;
if (NG2006A_0494() == 98 || NG2006A_0495() == 98)
a = 98;
if (NG2006A_0494() == 99 || NG2006A_0495() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::ng2007a: {
if (NG2007A_0488() < 98 && NG2007A_0489() < 98)
a = NG2007A_0488() + NG2007A_0489();
if (a > 9 && a < 98)
a = 9;
if (NG2007A_0488() == 98 || NG2007A_0489() == 98)
a = 98;
if (NG2007A_0488() == 99 || NG2007A_0489() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::zm1990a: {
a = ZM1990A_0438() + ZM1990A_0439();
if (ZM1990A_0438() == 9 || ZM1990A_0439() == 9)
a = 99;
if (a > 8 && a < 98)
a = 8;
} break;
case dataset_id::zm2000a: {
a = ZM2000A_0447() + ZM2000A_0448();
if (ZM2000A_0447() == 99 || ZM2000A_0448() == 99)
a = 99;
if (a > 9 && a < 99)
a = 9;
if ((ZM2000A_0447() == 99 || ZM2000A_0448() == 99) &&
ZM2000A_0403() == 2 && ZM2000A_0404() >= 12)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::zm2010a: {
a = ZM2010A_0458() + ZM2010A_0459();
if (ZM2010A_0458() == 99 || ZM2010A_0459() == 99)
a = 99;
if (a > 10 && a < 99)
a = 10;
if ((ZM2010A_0458() == 99 || ZM2010A_0459() == 99) &&
ZM2010A_0403() == 2 && ZM2010A_0404() >= 12 &&
(ZM2010A_0401() == 1 || ZM2010A_0401() == 3))
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::et1984a: {
a = ET1984A_0424() + ET1984A_0425();
if (a > 8 && a < 98)
a = 8;
if (ET1984A_0424() == 98 || ET1984A_0425() == 98)
a = 98;
if (ET1984A_0424() == 99 || ET1984A_0425() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::et1994a: {
a = ET1994A_0425() + ET1994A_0425();
if (a > 7 && a < 98)
a = 7;
if (ET1994A_0425() == 98 || ET1994A_0425() == 98)
a = 98;
if (ET1994A_0425() == 99 || ET1994A_0425() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::et2007a: {
a = ET2007A_0426() + ET2007A_0427();
if (a > 8 && a < 98)
a = 8;
if (ET2007A_0426() == 98 || ET2007A_0427() == 98)
a = 98;
if (ET2007A_0426() == 99 || ET2007A_0427() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::bw1981a: {
if (BW1981A_0418() == 99 && BW1981A_0416() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::bw1991a: {
if (BW1991A_0435() == 99 && BW1991A_0433() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::bw2001a: {
if (BW2001A_0430() < 98 && BW2001A_0431() < 98)
a = BW2001A_0430() + BW2001A_0431();
if (BW2001A_0430() == 98 || BW2001A_0431() == 98)
a = 98;
if (BW2001A_0430() == 99 && BW2001A_0431() == 99)
a = 99;
if (BW2001A_0430() == 99 && BW2001A_0431() < 98)
a = BW2001A_0431();
if (BW2001A_0431() == 99 && BW2001A_0430() < 98)
a = BW2001A_0430();
if (BW2001A_0426() == 0 && BW2001A_0427() == 0)
a = 0;
if (a > 7 && a < 98)
a = 7;
} break;
case dataset_id::bw2011a: {
if (BW2011A_0487() == 99 && BW2011A_0485() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::tz2012a: {
if (TZ2012A_0441() < 98 && TZ2012A_0442() < 98)
a = TZ2012A_0441() + TZ2012A_0442();
if (TZ2012A_0441() == 98 || TZ2012A_0442() == 98)
a = 98;
if (TZ2012A_0441() == 99 || TZ2012A_0442() == 99)
a = 99;
if (TZ2012A_0449() == 0)
a = 0;
if (a > 9 && a < 98)
a = 9;
} break;
case dataset_id::hn1974a: {
if (HN1974A_0424() == 99 & HN1974A_0422() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::ls1996a: {
if (LS1996A_0429() < 99 && LS1996A_0430() < 99)
a = LS1996A_0429() + LS1996A_0430();
if (a > 7 && a < 99)
a = 7;
if (LS1996A_0429() == 99 && LS1996A_0430() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::ls2006a: {
if (LS2006A_0442() < 9 && LS2006A_0443() < 9)
a = LS2006A_0442() + LS2006A_0443();
if (a > 4 && a < 9)
a = 4;
if (LS2006A_0442() == 9 && LS2006A_0443() == 9)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::pg1980a: {
if (PG1980A_0443() < 8 && PG1980A_0442() < 8)
a = PG1980A_0443() + PG1980A_0442();
if (a > 5 && a < 10)
a = 5;
if (PG1980A_0443() == 8 || PG1980A_0442() == 8)
a = 98;
if (PG1980A_0443() == 9 && PG1980A_0442() == 9)
a = 99;
if (PG1980A_0443() == 9 && PG1980A_0442() == 9 && PG1980A_0438() == 0 &&
PG1980A_0439() == 0)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::pg2000a: {
if (PG2000A_0434() < 98 && PG2000A_0435() < 98)
a = PG2000A_0434() + PG2000A_0435();
if (a > 7 && a < 98)
a = 7;
if (PG2000A_0434() == 98 || PG2000A_0435() == 98)
a = 98;
if (PG2000A_0434() == 99 && PG2000A_0435() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::pg2011a: {
if (PG2011A_0440() < 99 && PG2011A_0441() < 99)
a = PG2011A_0440() + PG2011A_0441();
if (a > 8 && a < 99)
a = 8;
if (PG2011A_0440() == 99 && PG2011A_0441() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::zw2012a: {
a = 98;
if (ZW2012A_0443() < 98 && ZW2012A_0442() < 98)
a = ZW2012A_0443() + ZW2012A_0442();
if (a > 6 && a < 98)
a = 6;
if (ZW2012A_0443() == 98 || ZW2012A_0442() == 98)
a = 98;
if (ZW2012A_0443() == 99 && ZW2012A_0442() == 99)
a = 99;
if (ZW2012A_0443() == 99 && ZW2012A_0442() == 99 && ZW2012A_0439() == 2)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::la2005a: {
a = LA2005A_0426() + LA2005A_0427();
if (a > 5)
a = 5;
if (LA2005A_0426() == 99 || LA2005A_0427() == 99)
a = 99;
if (LA2005A_0423() == 2 && a == 99)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::np2011a: {
a = NP2011A_0432() + NP2011A_0433();
if (a > 6)
a = 6;
if (NP2011A_0432() == 99 || NP2011A_0433() == 99)
a = 99;
if (NP2011A_0429() == 2 && a == 99)
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::mm2014a: {
if (MM2014A_0433() < 99 && MM2014A_0434() < 99)
a = MM2014A_0433() + MM2014A_0434();
if (MM2014A_0433() < 99 & MM2014A_0434() < 99 && a > 9)
a = 9;
if (MM2014A_0433() == 99 || MM2014A_0434() == 99)
a = 99;
} break;
case dataset_id::la1995a: {
a = LA1995A_0428() + LA1995A_0429();
if (a > 5)
a = 5;
if (LA1995A_0428() == 98 || LA1995A_0429() == 98)
a = 98;
if (LA1995A_0428() == 99 || LA1995A_0429() == 99)
a = 99;
if (LA1995A_0425() == 2 && (LA1995A_0428() == 99 || LA1995A_0429() == 99))
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::la2015a: {
a = LA2015A_0442() + LA2015A_0443();
if (a > 6)
a = 6;
if (LA2015A_0442() == 99 || LA2015A_0443() == 99)
a = 99;
if (LA2015A_0439() == 2 && (LA2015A_0442() == 99 || LA2015A_0443() == 99))
a = 0;
} break;
case dataset_id::vn2019a: {
a = VN2019A_0461() + VN2019A_0462();
if (a > 5)
a = 5;
if (VN2019A_0461() == 99 || VN2019A_0462() == 99)
a = 99;
if (VN2019A_0458() == 2 && (VN2019A_0461() == 99 || VN2019A_0462() == 99))
a = 0;
} break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
AWAYCHILD indicates the number of surviving biological children not living in the household with their mother (the respondent) at the time of the census.
Comparability — Index
Comparability — General
Some samples limit the universe to women of childbearing age or to ever-married women. Top-codes vary across samples.
For some samples, AWAYMALE and AWAYFEM give sex-specific counts of children living elsewhere. HOMECHILD identifies own children living in the household with a female respondent.
Comparability — Belarus [top]
The 1999 sample is top-coded at 10+ children.
Comparability — Botswana [top]
The 1981 and 2011 samples are top-coded at 10+ children. The 1991 sample is top-coded at 11+ children. The 2001 data are calculated from two separate variables indicating the number of male children living away and the number of female children living away. These source variables are top-coded at 7+ children.
Comparability — El Salvador [top]
The 1992 variable are calculated from two separate variables that have top-coding, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases.
Comparability — Ethiopia [top]
The data for 2007 are limited to only long-form respondents.
Comparability — Fiji [top]
The 1986 and 1996 variables are constructed from multiple unharmonized variables.
The 2007 sample is top-coded at 10 or more children.
Comparability — Honduras [top]
The 1974 sample is top-coded at 12+ children.
Comparability — Indonesia [top]
The universe differs significantly across samples, with respect to age and marital status of respondents.
The 1990, 1995 and 2010 data are calculated from two separate variables. The 2010 sample has top-coding for these variables, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases.
Comparability — Kenya [top]
The data for all samples, except the 1969 census, are calculated from separate variables for male and female children.
There are slight variations in definition, universe, and top-code across samples.
The 1999, 2009, and 2019 census questions specified that the response pertained to children who "usually" lived elsewhere, while the earlier questionnaires did not include this language. A large number of cases lack responses in the 1979 and 1989 samples.
The universe is females age 12+ for all samples, except 1979. The 1979 enumeration form indicates that the universe was females age 12+, but it appears to actually be females age 15+.
The data are top-coded at 9+ children in 1969 and 1999, 10+ children in 2019, 11+ children in 2009, 12+ children in 1979, and 15+ children in 1979.
Comparability — Kyrgyzstan [top]
The data are top-coded at 12 or more children for both samples. In the 1999 sample, the "0" code appears to include non-responses as well as logical zeroes.
The universe differs across samples. In 1999, the question was asked of all females age 15+. In 2009, the universe is restricted to females age 15+ who had ever had children.
Comparability — Laos [top]
The variable is constructed from separate male and female variables. The data are top-coded at 5+ children for 1995 and 2005, and 6+ children in 2015.
Comparability — Lesotho [top]
The integrated variable for 1996 and 2006 is calculated from male and female children living away. The data are top-coded at 7+ children in 1996 and at 4+ children in 2006.
Comparability — Morocco [top]
The universe differs across samples, with respect to age of respondents.
The 1982 sample has a top-code of 10 or more children and the 2004 sample is top-coded at 13+ children.
The 1994 data are calculated from two separate variables that have top-coding, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases.
Comparability — Myanmar [top]
The data for 2014 are calculated from male and female children living away and are top-coded at 9+ children.
Comparability — Nepal [top]
The data are calculated from separate sex-specific variables that have top-coding. The universe is limited to ever-married women.
Comparability — Papua New Guinea [top]
The integrated variable for 1980 and 2000 is calculated from male and female children living away. The data are top-coded at 5+ children in 1980 and 7+ children in 2000.
Comparability — Sierra Leone [top]
The data for the 2004 sample are calculated from two separate variables that each have top-coding, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases. The 2015 sample has a top-code of 12+ children.
Comparability — South Sudan [top]
The data are calculated from two separate variables that have top-coding, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases.
Comparability — Sudan [top]
The universe for this sample is ever-married women age 12 to 54.
The data are calculated from two separate variables that have top-coding, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases.
Comparability — Tanzania [top]
Both the 2002 and 2012 data are calculated by summing two separate variables indicating the number of male and female children living away and are top coded at 12+ and 9+ children, respectively. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the top-code affected cases.
Comparability — Thailand [top]
The minimum age for respondents differs slightly between samples. Both samples address the question to ever-married women only.
Comparability — Uruguay [top]
The 2006 data are calculated from two separate variables that have top-coding, under-reporting the number of children in a small number of cases. See the unharmonized source variables to identify the affected cases.
Comparability — Vietnam [top]
The 2019 sample is calculated from two separate variables for male and female children, the data are top-coded at 5+ children.
Comparability — Zambia [top]
The universe differs slightly across samples.
Comparability — Zimbabwe [top]
The integrated variable for 2012 is calculated from male and female children living away. The data are top-coded at 6+ children in 2012.
Universe
- Belarus 1999: Females age 15+
- Botswana 1981: Present resident females age 12+
- Botswana 1991: Females age 12+
- Botswana 2001: Females age 12+ except institutionalized non-residents
- Botswana 2011: Females age 12+ except institutionalized non-residents
- El Salvador 1992: Females age 12+
- Ethiopia 1984: Females residents age 10+
- Ethiopia 1994: Females residents age 10+
- Ethiopia 2007: Long form female respondents age 10+
- Fiji 1986: Females age 15+
- Fiji 1996: Females age 15+
- Fiji 2007: Females age 15+
- Haiti 1982: Females age 15+
- Honduras 1974: Females age 15+
- Indonesia 1976: Ever-married females
- Indonesia 1980: Ever-married females
- Indonesia 1990: Ever-married females age 10+
- Indonesia 1995: Ever-married females age 10 to 54
- Indonesia 2010: Females age 10+ in regular enumeration areas
- Kenya 1969: Females age 12+
- Kenya 1979: Females age 15+
- Kenya 1989: Females age 12+
- Kenya 1999: Females age 12+
- Kenya 2009: Females age 12+
- Kenya 2019: Females age 12+
- Kyrgyzstan 1999: Female age 15+
- Kyrgyzstan 2009: Female age 15+
- Laos 1995: Females age 15 to 49
- Laos 2005: Females age 15 to 49
- Laos 2015: Females age 15 to 49
- Lesotho 1996: Females age 12+
- Lesotho 2006: Females age 12 to 49
- Liberia 2008: Females age 12 to 54
- Morocco 1982: Ever-married females age 50 or younger
- Morocco 1994: Ever-married females age 10+
- Morocco 2004: Ever-married females
- Myanmar 2014: Ever-married women age 15+ in conventional households
- Nepal 2001: Ever-married females age 15 to 49
- Nepal 2011: Ever-married females age 15 to 49
- Papua New Guinea 1980: Urban females age 15+
- Papua New Guinea 2000: Citizen females age 15+
- Sierra Leone 2004: Females age 10+
- Sierra Leone 2015: Females age 10+ in occupied private households
- South Africa 2007: Females age 12 to 50
- South Sudan 2008: Ever-married females age 12 to 54
- Sudan 2008: Ever-married females age 12 to 54
- Tanzania 1988: Females age 12+
- Tanzania 2002: Females age 12+
- Tanzania 2012: Females age 12+
- Thailand 1980: Ever-married females age 11+
- Thailand 1990: Ever-married females age 13+
- Uganda 2002: Females age 12 to 54
- Uruguay 2006: Females age 14+
- Vietnam 1999: Females age 15 to 49
- Vietnam 2009: Females age 15 to 49
- Vietnam 2019: Females age 10 to 49
- Zambia 1990: Females age 12+
- Zambia 2000: Females age 12+
- Zambia 2010: Present resident and visitor females age 12+
- Zimbabwe 2012: Females age 15 to 49
Availability
- Belarus: 1999
- Botswana: 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011
- El Salvador: 1992
- Ethiopia: 1984, 1994, 2007
- Fiji: 1986, 1996, 2007
- Haiti: 1982
- Honduras: 1974
- Indonesia: 1976, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2010
- Kenya: 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019
- Kyrgyzstan: 1999, 2009
- Laos: 1995, 2005, 2015
- Lesotho: 1996, 2006
- Liberia: 2008
- Morocco: 1982, 1994, 2004
- Myanmar: 2014
- Nepal: 2001, 2011
- Nigeria: 2006, 2007
- Papua New Guinea: 1980, 2000
- Sierra Leone: 2004, 2015
- South Africa: 2007
- South Sudan: 2008
- Sudan: 2008
- Tanzania: 1988, 2002, 2012
- Thailand: 1980, 1990
- Uganda: 2002
- Uruguay: 2006
- Vietnam: 1999, 2009, 2019
- Zambia: 1990, 2000, 2010
- Zimbabwe: 2012
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