Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
mexico
1970
|
mexico
1990
|
mexico
2000
|
mexico
2010
|
mexico
2015
|
mexico
2020
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000 | NIU (not in universe) | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| HOKANA | |||||||
| 0101 | Paipai | · | X | X | X | X | · |
| 0102 | Kiliwa | · | X | X | X | · | · |
| 0103 | Cucapa | · | X | X | X | X | · |
| 0104 | Cochimi | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0105 | Kumiai | · | X | X | X | X | · |
| 0106 | Seri | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0107 | Chontal de Oaxaca | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0108 | Yuma | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| CHINANTECA | |||||||
| 0201 | Chinanteco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0202 | Chinanteco de Ojitlán | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0203 | Chinateco de Usila | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0204 | Chinanteco de Valle Nacional | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0205 | Chinanteco de Lalana | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0206 | Chinanteco de Sochiapán | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| OTOPAME | |||||||
| 0301 | Pame | · | X | · | X | X | X |
| 0302 | Pame del Norte | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0303 | Pame del Sur | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0304 | Chichimeca Jonaz | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0305 | Otomi | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0306 | Mazahua | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0307 | Matlatzinca | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| Code | Label |
mexico
1970
|
mexico
1990
|
mexico
2000
|
mexico
2010
|
mexico
2015
|
mexico
2020
|
| 0308 | Ocuilteco | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| OAXAQUENA | |||||||
| 0401 | Zapoteco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0402 | Zapoteco de Ixtlán | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0403 | Zapoteco Vijano | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0404 | Zapoteco del Rincón | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0405 | Zapoteco Vallista | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0406 | Zapoteco del Istmo | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0407 | Zapoteco de Cuixtla | · | · | X | · | · | · |
| 0408 | Solteco | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 0409 | Zapoteco Sureno | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0410 | Zapoteco de Vijano | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 0411 | Chatino | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0412 | Papabuco | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0413 | Mixteco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0414 | Mixteco de la Mixteca Alta | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0415 | Mixteco de la Mixteca Baja | · | X | X | · | X | · |
| 0416 | Mixteco de la Zona Mazateca | · | · | X | · | · | · |
| 0417 | Mixteco de la Costa | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0418 | Mixteco de Puebla | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0419 | Tacuate | · | · | X | · | X | · |
| 0420 | Cuicateco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0421 | Triqui | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0422 | Amuzgo | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0423 | Mazateco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Code | Label |
mexico
1970
|
mexico
1990
|
mexico
2000
|
mexico
2010
|
mexico
2015
|
mexico
2020
|
| 0424 | Chocho | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0425 | Ixcateco | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0426 | Popoloca | X | · | X | X | X | X |
| HUAVE | |||||||
| 0501 | Huave | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| TLAPANECA | |||||||
| 0601 | Tlapaneco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| TOTOCANA | |||||||
| 0701 | Totocana | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0702 | Tepehua | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| MIXE-ZOQUE | |||||||
| 0801 | Popoluca | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0802 | Mixe | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0803 | Zoque | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0804 | Populuca de Tesistepec | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0805 | Sayulteco | · | · | · | X | · | X |
| 0806 | Oluteco | · | · | · | X | · | · |
| 0807 | Texistepequeño | · | · | · | X | · | X |
| 0808 | Ayapaneco | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| MAYA | |||||||
| 0901 | Huasteco | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0902 | Chicomucelteco | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 0903 | Lacandon | · | X | X | X | · | · |
| 0904 | Maya | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0905 | Chol | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Code | Label |
mexico
1970
|
mexico
1990
|
mexico
2000
|
mexico
2010
|
mexico
2015
|
mexico
2020
|
| 0906 | Chontal de Tabasco | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0907 | Tzeltal | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0908 | Tzotzil | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0909 | Tojolabal | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0910 | Chuj | · | · | X | X | X | X |
| 0911 | Mame | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0912 | Ixil | · | X | X | X | X | · |
| 0913 | Aguacateco | · | X | · | X | · | · |
| 0914 | Teco | · | X | · | X | · | X |
| 0915 | Motocintleco | · | X | X | X | · | · |
| 0916 | Kanjobal | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0917 | Jacalteco | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0918 | Quiche | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0919 | Cakchiquel | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0920 | Kekchi | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 0921 | Akateko | · | · | · | · | X | X |
| YUTOAZTECA | |||||||
| 1001 | Pima | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1002 | Pima Bajo | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 1003 | Pima Alto | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 1004 | Papago | · | · | X | X | · | X |
| 1005 | Tepehuano | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1006 | Tarahumara | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1007 | Mayo | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1008 | Yaqui | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Code | Label |
mexico
1970
|
mexico
1990
|
mexico
2000
|
mexico
2010
|
mexico
2015
|
mexico
2020
|
| 1009 | Guarijio | · | · | X | X | X | X |
| 1010 | Cora | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1011 | Huichol | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1012 | Nahuatl | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1013 | Cahita | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 1014 | Opata | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| TARASCA | |||||||
| 1101 | Purepecha | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ALGONQUINA | |||||||
| 1201 | Kikapu | · | X | X | X | · | · |
| SPECIALS | |||||||
| 1301 | Chontal | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1302 | Meco | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 1303 | Chiapaneco | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| OTHER | |||||||
| 5001 | Other not specified | X | X | · | X | · | X |
| 5010 | Other indigenous | · | X | · | X | X | · |
| 5011 | Other indigenous languages in Mexico | · | · | X | · | · | · |
| 5012 | Other indigenous languages in South America | · | · | X | · | · | · |
| 5020 | Quechua | · | · | · | · | X | · |
| 9999 | Unknown | · | X | X | · | X | X |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
LANGMX indicates the indigenous language, if any, spoken by the person for all the Mexico samples.
Comparability — General
LANGMX is not fully comparable, because the number of identified languages changes over time. The first two digits place the language in its family group according to the 2000 Census classification.
The 1990 categorization is very similar to that for 2000, but it includes some additional languages within the groups. The 2010, 2015 and 2020 codes were different, but similar in content and detail to the 1990 and 2000 samples. The 1970 census identifies many fewer languages, and does not include representative languages from every group.
There are minor universe changes of age across samples.
The variable SPEAKIND indicates whether the person speaks Spanish as well as an indigenous language.
Universe
- Mexico 1970: Speakers of an indigenous language
- Mexico 1990: Persons age 5+ who speak an indigenous language
- Mexico 2000: Persons age 5+ who speak an indigenous language
- Mexico 2010: Speakers of an indigenous language
- Mexico 2015: Speakers of an indigenous language
- Mexico 2020: Persons age 3+ who speak an indigenous language
Availability
- Mexico: 1970, 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, 2020
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