Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Migctry5 : public Editor {
public:
Migctry5(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
if (dataSet == dataset_id::br2000a) {
if (BR2000A_0415() < 5 && BR2000A_0457() == 999)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::br1991a) {
if (BR1991A_0415() < 5 && BR1991A_0431() == 9999)
a = 0;
if (BR1991A_0431() > 99 && BR1991A_0431() < 9999)
a = 23030;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::co1993a) {
if (CO1993A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::us1970a) {
if (US1970A_0423() < 5 && US1970A_0472() == 0)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::us2000a) {
if (US2000A_0423() < 5 && US2000A_0476() == 0)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::ar2001a) {
if (AR2001A_0436() == 999 && AR2001A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::my1991a) {
if (MY1991A_0406() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::my2000a) {
if (MY2000A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mn2000a) {
if (MN2000A_0406() < 5 && MN2000A_0412() == 1)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::bo2001a) {
if (BO2001A_0406() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::np2001a) {
if (NP2001A_0402() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pe1993a) {
if (PE1993A_0443() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pe2007a) {
if (PE2007A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pr1970a) {
if (PR1970A_0418() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pr1990a) {
if (PR1990A_0418() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pr2000a) {
if (PR2000A_0419() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mx2010a) {
if (MX2010A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::ni1995a) {
if (NI1995A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::co2005a) {
if (CO2005A_0407() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1975a) {
if (UY1975A_0406() > 19 && UY1975A_0406() < 99)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1985a) {
if (UY1985A_0405() > 19 && UY1985A_0405() < 99)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1996a) {
if (UY1996A_0407() > 19)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::br2010a) {
if (BR2010A_0404() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy2011a) {
if (UY2011A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
if (UY2011A_0438() == 0 && UY2011A_0434() == 9)
a = 99999;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::cr2011a) {
if (CR2011A_0433() == 0 && CR2011A_0404() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mz2007a) {
if (MZ2007A_0439() == 99 && MZ2007A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1975x) {
if (UY1975X_0406() > 19 && UY1975X_0406() < 99)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1985x) {
if (UY1985X_0405() > 19 && UY1985X_0405() < 99)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy1996x) {
if (UY1996X_0407() > 19)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::uy2011x) {
if (UY2011X_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
if (UY2011X_0438() == 0 && UY2011X_0434() == 9)
a = 99999;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::gt1994a) {
if (GT1994A_0416() == 99 && GT1994A_0401() < 4)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::np2011a) {
if (NP2011A_0428() == 99 && NP2011A_0403() < 5)
a = 0;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::bo2012a) {
if (BO2012A_0443() == 999 && BO2012A_0438() >= 1 && BO2012A_0438() <= 2)
a = 90000;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::mu2011a) {
if (MU2011A_0422() == 999 && MU2011A_0418() >= 1 && MU2011A_0418() <= 2)
a = 90000;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::sn2013a) {
if (SN2013A_0422() == 999 && SN2013A_0423() >= 1 && SN2013A_0423() <= 14)
a = 90000;
}
if (dataSet == dataset_id::pe2017a) {
if (PE2017A_0410() != 9 && PE2017A_0411() < 99 && PE2017A_0414() == 9999)
a = 90000;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
MIGCTRY5 indicates the country of residence 5 years ago for international migrants. Persons who did not live abroad 5 years earlier are coded to the "non-migrant" category.
Comparability — Index
|
GENERAL Bolivia Chile Colombia Dominican Republic Fiji |
Greece Guatemala Malaysia Mauritius Mongolia Mozambique |
Portugal Puerto Rico Senegal Sierra Leone United States Uruguay |
Comparability — General
This variable is comparable across samples, although the number of countries specified varies considerably between samples. The time frame can be somewhat more or less than five years for specific samples. See the country-specific comparability discussions.
The codes for MIGCTRY5 are patterned on those used for BPLCOUNTRY (Country of birth).
For similar information for different time intervals since migration, see MIGCTRY1, MIGCTRY0, MIGCTRYC, and MIGCTRYP. A series of country-specific variables document intra-national migration over different time intervals.
Comparability — Bolivia [top]
The 2012 sample provides information on fewer countries in America, Europe, or Asia.
Comparability — Chile [top]
The question asks for the commune or country the person lived in 5 years ago. The data is fairly comparable across samples with more detail in the earlier samples.
Comparability — Colombia [top]
The Colombia 1985 sample only identifies three countries and "other"; the later samples have much more detail.
Comparability — Dominican Republic [top]
This variable is only available for the 1981 and 2010 samples. The data is comparable across these samples. The 2002 sample had very few cases where a specific country was reported, so information for that sample is not included in MIGCTRY5.
Comparability — Fiji [top]
In the 1976 sample, the census question asked for the country of residence when Fiji gained independence in 1970, thus the reference period was actually 6 years previous rather than 5.
Aside from the reference period issue noted above, the data are generally comparable across samples.
Comparability — Greece [top]
The Greece 1981 and 1991 censuses asked for residence in December of 1975 and 1985, respectively. The two censuses were taken in April and March, so MIGCTRY5 actually records residence approximately 65 months ago for 1981 and 1991.
Comparability — Guatemala [top]
Note that the 1994 reports residence 4 years ago and 2002 reports residence 6 years ago.
The universes vary across samples due to the differing reference periods.
Comparability — Malaysia [top]
Children under age 5 were to respond with the residence of their mother five years ago. MIGCTRY5 codes them out of the universe. See the unharmonized source variables for the original values.
Comparability — Mauritius [top]
In 1990, 2000, and 2011, most of the information is grouped at the regional level, except for some countries in Asia or Europe.
Comparability — Mongolia [top]
For the 2010 sample, respondents were asked to indicate their country of usual residence in January 2005. If respondents indicated that their country of residence 5 years ago was "America", they were categorized as "Americas, n.s." for this variable. The universe in the 2010 sample is persons age 5+.
For the 2020 sample, respondents were asked to indicate their country residence in 2015. For the 2020 sample, the only possible categories were "Mongolia" and "Abroad". The universe in the 2020 sample is persons age 5+.
Comparability — Mozambique [top]
The universe in the 2007 sample is household residents age 5+. This changed in the 2017 sample. For the 2017 sample, the universe is persons age 5+.
Comparability — Portugal [top]
The Portugal 1991 and 2001 censuses asked for residence on December 31 of 1985 and 1995, respectively. The two censuses were taken in April and March, so MIGCTRY5 actually records residence approximately 5 years and 4 months ago.
Comparability — Puerto Rico [top]
The 2005 sample has data for country of residence one year ago in MIGCTRY1.
The unharmonized source variables have detail on the U.S. state the person was living in five years ago.
Comparability — Senegal [top]
In 1998, slightly more detail within regional groupings within Africa can be gleaned from the un-harmonized source variable. The 2013 sample provides more detailed information on countries in West and Middle Africa.
Comparability — Sierra Leone [top]
The question asks for country of residence or chiefdom of residence if the persons resided in Sierra Leone 5 years ago.
Comparability — United States [top]
The universe for 1970 differs from other year. Only half the persons in the 1980 U.S. sample were coded for purposes of migration; the other half are included in the NIU category.
Comparability — Uruguay [top]
The 1975-1996 censuses were de facto censuses. This question was asked only of persons with a usual residence in Uruguay. Persons with a usual residence outside of Uruguay are included in the "NIU (not in universe)" category for these samples. The 2011 census was de jure; persons with a usual residence outside of Uruguay were not included in the census.
Universe
- Argentina 1980: Persons age 5+
- Argentina 1991: Persons age 5+
- Argentina 2001: Persons age 5+
- Bolivia 1976: Persons age 5+
- Bolivia 2001: Persons age 5+
- Bolivia 2012: Persons age 5+
- Botswana 2001: Persons age 5+
- Botswana 2011: Persons age 5+
- Brazil 1991: Persons age 5+
- Brazil 2000: Persons age 5+
- Brazil 2010: Persons age 5+
- Cameroon 2005: Household residents age 5+
- Chile 1982: Persons age 5+
- Chile 1992: Persons age 5+
- Chile 2002: Persons age 5+
- Chile 2017: Persons age 5+
- Colombia 1985: Persons age 5+
- Colombia 1993: Persons age 5+
- Colombia 2005: Persons age 5+
- Costa Rica 1973: Persons age 5+
- Costa Rica 2000: Persons age 5+
- Costa Rica 2011: Persons age 5+
- Dominican Republic 1981: Persons age 5+
- Dominican Republic 2010: Persons age 5+
- Ecuador 2010: Persons age 5+
- Fiji 1976: Persons age 6+
- Fiji 1986: Persons age 5+
- Fiji 1996: Persons age 5+
- Fiji 2007: Persons age 5+
- Greece 1981: Persons born before 1976
- Greece 1991: Persons born before 1986
- Greece 2011: Persons age 5+
- Guatemala 1973: Persons age 5+
- Guatemala 1981: Persons age 5+
- Guatemala 1994: Persons age 4+
- Guatemala 2002: Persons age 6+
- Honduras 1974: Persons age 5+
- Honduras 1988: Persons age 5+
- Honduras 2001: Persons age 5+
- Honduras 2013: Persons age 5+
- Malaysia 1991: Persons age 5+
- Malaysia 2000: Persons age 5+
- Mauritius 1990: Persons age 5+
- Mauritius 2000: Persons age 5+
- Mauritius 2011: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 1990: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 2000: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 2010: Persons age 5+
- Mexico 2020: Persons age 5+
- Mongolia 2000: Persons age 5+
- Mongolia 2010: Persons age 5+
- Mongolia 2020: Persons age 5+
- Mozambique 2007: Household residents age 5+
- Mozambique 2017: Persons age 5+
- Nepal 2001: Persons age 5+
- Nepal 2011: Persons age 5+
- Nicaragua 1971: Persons age 5+
- Nicaragua 1995: Persons age 5+
- Nicaragua 2005: Persons age 5+
- Papua New Guinea 1980: Persons age 5+ in urban areas
- Paraguay 1972: Persons age 5+
- Paraguay 1982: Persons age 5+
- Paraguay 1992: Persons age 5+
- Paraguay 2002: Persons age 5+
- Peru 1993: Persons age 5+
- Peru 2007: Persons age 5+
- Peru 2017: Persons age 5+
- Portugal 1991: Persons born before 1986
- Portugal 2001: Persons born before 1996
- Portugal 2011: Persons age 5+
- Puerto Rico 1970: Persons age 5+
- Puerto Rico 1990: Persons age 5+
- Puerto Rico 2000: Persons age 5+
- Senegal 1988: Persons age 5+
- Senegal 2013: Residents age 5+
- Sierra Leone 2015: Persons age 5+
- United States 1970: Persons age 5+
- United States 2000: Persons age 5+
- Uruguay 1975: Persons age 5+ with a usual residence in Uruguay
- Uruguay 1985: Persons age 5+ with a usual residence in Uruguay
- Uruguay 1996: Persons age 5+ with a usual residence in Uruguay
- Uruguay 2011: Persons age 5+
Availability
- Argentina: 1980, 1991, 2001
- Bolivia: 1976, 2001, 2012
- Botswana: 2001, 2011
- Brazil: 1991, 2000, 2010
- Cameroon: 2005
- Chile: 1982, 1992, 2002, 2017
- Colombia: 1985, 1993, 2005
- Costa Rica: 1973, 2000, 2011
- Dominican Republic: 1981, 2010
- Ecuador: 2010
- Fiji: 1976, 1986, 1996, 2007
- Greece: 1981, 1991, 2011
- Guatemala: 1973, 1981, 1994, 2002
- Honduras: 1974, 1988, 2001, 2013
- Malaysia: 1991, 2000
- Mauritius: 1990, 2000, 2011
- Mexico: 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020
- Mongolia: 2000, 2010, 2020
- Mozambique: 2007, 2017
- Nepal: 2001, 2011
- Nicaragua: 1971, 1995, 2005
- Papua New Guinea: 1980
- Paraguay: 1972, 1982, 1992, 2002
- Peru: 1993, 2007, 2017
- Portugal: 1991, 2001, 2011
- Puerto Rico: 1970, 1990, 2000
- Senegal: 1988, 2013
- Sierra Leone: 2015
- United States: 1970, 2000
- Uruguay: 1975, 1985, 1996, 2011
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