Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
safrica
1996
|
safrica
2001
|
safrica
2011
|
safrica
2016
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Afrikaans | X | X | X | X |
| 02 | English | X | X | X | X |
| 03 | IsiNdebele | X | X | X | X |
| 04 | IsiXhosa | X | X | X | X |
| 05 | IsiZulu | X | X | X | X |
| 06 | Sepedi | X | X | X | X |
| 07 | Sesotho | X | X | X | X |
| 08 | Setswana | X | X | X | X |
| 09 | Siswati | X | X | X | X |
| 10 | Tshivenda | X | X | X | X |
| 11 | Xitsonga | X | X | X | X |
| 12 | Khoi, Nama and San language | · | · | · | X |
| 13 | Dutch | X | · | · | · |
| 14 | German | X | · | · | · |
| 15 | Greek | X | · | · | · |
| 16 | Italian | X | · | · | · |
| 17 | Portuguese | X | · | · | · |
| 18 | French | X | · | · | · |
| 19 | Tamil | X | · | · | · |
| 20 | Hindi | X | · | · | · |
| 21 | Telugu | X | · | · | · |
| 22 | Gujarati | X | · | · | · |
| 23 | Urdu | X | · | · | · |
| 24 | Chinese | X | · | · | · |
| 25 | Swahili | X | · | · | · |
| Code | Label |
safrica
1996
|
safrica
2001
|
safrica
2011
|
safrica
2016
|
| 26 | Shona | X | · | · | · |
| 27 | Arabic | X | · | · | · |
| 28 | Sign language | · | · | X | X |
| 29 | Other | X | X | X | X |
| 98 | Unknown | X | · | · | X |
| 99 | NIU (not in universe) | · | · | X | X |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
LANGZA1 indicates the language the person spoke in the home.
Comparability — General
The 1996 sample has much more detail among non-African languages than the more recent samples. These are included among "other" in 2001, 2011, and 2016. The 2011 and 2016 samples also identify sign language.
Users should also be aware that universes change over time.
If a person spoke more than one language in the home in 1996 or 2011, the second language is recorded in LANGZA2.
Universe
- South Africa 1996: All persons
- South Africa 2001: All persons
- South Africa 2011: Persons in private households
- South Africa 2016: Persons age 1+
Availability
- South Africa: 1996, 2001, 2011, 2016
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