Disability - for all residents
6.15 Do you have any permanent difficulty in hearing?
(If you wear a rearing aid, make your evaluation while wearing it)
[] 2 Yes, major trouble
[] 3 Yes, some difficulty
[] 4 No, no difficulty
Individual particulars
[This section except for questions 6 and 8 are to be completed by all persons]
[Questions 17-22 of this section are to be answered by persons aged 5 years and older]
17. Functional difficulty
17.2 Do you have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?
Do you have any difficulty with the following activities?
Q12: Hearing disabilities:
Refers to people who have a disorder or difficulty of hearing due to hearing loss or deafness. These people must use special devices such as hearing aids (cannot hear properly or must use sign language.
P12B. If [Yes] at P12A, state the severity of all applicable difficulties as follows:
B. Hearing even if using a hearing aid
P12A and P12B - Disability
The question provides information which is needed for the formulation and implementation of programs in support of the disabled (e.g. special education, employment and social aid).
8. How to fill in the Population Census Questionnaire
P12A and P12B - Disability
[figure omitted]
This question should be asked tactfully to obtain information as to whether the person has any difficulty to perform a daily-life activity (as listed at P12B - A to I) considered normal for his/her age. If the answer is "Yes", ask for the severity of all applicable difficulties as follows:
[figure omitted]
Shade the degree of severity for all applicable difficulties. If a difficulty is not applicable, leave the corresponding boxes blank.
If a person has reported that he/she is experiencing "I - Other difficulties" at P12B, specify the nature of the difficulty in the adjacent boxes.
[figure omitted]
In this section, information is obtained for each of the people living in the housing unit.
Before requesting data for each resident, copy the details from Section II. List people and general data, their names, gender, and age, and write them down in the spaces provided. Do not forget to correct the person number when using more than one questionnaire.
[Figure omitted: image with text]
For the respondent to know who to provide the information about, start with the sentence: "Now I'm going to ask you about...", and mention the name of the person you previously wrote down.
Apply questions 1 through 11 for all the people who are habitual residents, including children, as well as elderly people.
10. Disability
This question identifies the degree of difficulty people have in performing some activities in their daily lives, such as seeing, hearing, walking, remembering or concentrating, providing self-care, speaking, or communicating. Also, if they have any mental problems or conditions.
The question consists of two parts. The first part asks about the degree of difficulty in six activities of daily living. The second part identifies people who have a mental problem or condition.
[p. 309]
[Figure omitted: image with text]
To ask these questions, consider the following:
For all members of the household, specify the degree of difficulty the person has in
[Questions 16 to 21 were asked of all household members]
17. Hearing
9. Disability: does [the respondent] have any difficulty...?
137. Disability serves as an umbrella term for impairments, activity limitations or participation restrictions (ICF, 2005). While it is desirable to collect information on all aspects of disability, this aim cannot be achieved in censuses or even in surveys not dedicated to disability. However, tge census can be used to obtain data on selected aspects of disability.
138. Disability can be measured for a variety of purposes. Each purpose can be related to different dimensions of disability or different conceptual components of disability. Hence, there is a need for a clear link between the purpose of measurement and the operationalization of the indicators of disability.
139. In order to collect disability information, the questions to identify persons who are at greater risk than the general population of experiencing restrictions in performing complex activities (such as activities of daily living) or participating in roles (such as working) if no support were accorded to them. Measurements intended to identify this 'at risk' population represent the most basic end of the spectrum of activities (i.e. activities such as walking, remembering, seeing, hearing). This 'at risk' group would include persons with limitations in basic activities who may or may not also experience limitations in more complex activities and/or restrictions in participation. This in turn may depend on whether or not they use assistive devices or have a supportive environment.
140. The questions on disability ask about difficulties the person may have when doing certain activities, because of a health or other problem.
142. Ask "Does [the respondent] have difficulty hearing, even if using a hearing aid?"
The entire population
[Questions B16 through B28 were asked of all resident persons.]
Population aged 1 year or older.
[Question B21 through B26 were asked of all resident persons age 1 or older.]
B21-B26. The following questions pertain to difficulties which you may have in carrying out certain activities due to a health problem.
B21/26: set of short questions on disability recommended for the censuses (population aged 1 year and over)
The questions about disability issues have been greatly altered in relation to what previous censuses proposed. It is about Senegal aligning itself with the progress made in this area. The United Nations, through their experts on global statistics, created in the 2000s a group of experts, the Washington group, which developed a series of short questions for censuses and surveys according to the Basic Principles of Official Statistics. These questions identify the majority of those most at risk in the general population who have limited or restricted participation in public life. It is not a question of identifying the handicap or the cause of disability, the question is to identify the limitations of the respondent (and/or one of his or her family members) to have/potentially have difficulty in performing actions linked to their lifestyle and related functions: seeing, hearing, walking, having cognitive faculty, taking care of themselves, and communicating. These are the areas the questions included in the census questionnaire concern.
The questions to ask relate to the difficulties that the respondent or a family member may have in fulfilling certain tasks in a sustainable manner (6 months or more, in a recurring manner):
Each question has four response categories:
The severity scale is used in the response categories to identify the full range of functional domains ranging from the most benign to the most severe form. This is very important because we will have a full range of the respondent's capabilities.
NB: This question concerns the population aged at least 1 year.
On the PDA, you will choose the answer on a drop-down list.
P-12 Health and functioning
Does [the person have difficulty in the following?
Write the appropriate code [number from 1 to 6] in the box.
[3.7] Household members
[3.7.3] General health and functioning
Now, I am going to ask you health-related questions.
[3.7.3.3] Does the respondent have difficulty hearing [even with a hearing aid, if he/she wears one]?
All persons (health)
[Questions P21a to P23 were asked of all persons about their health.]
P21a. Does this person experience difficulty / problems (with):
Disability
8. Hearing
13(b). Disability status
3.1. Disability
Persons with disabilities are defined here as those persons who are at greater risk than the general population for experiencing restrictions in performing specific tasks or participating in role activities.
[p.12]
Data about impairments (problems at the level of organs and anatomical structures) is different from data about activity limitations (limitations on the capacity of a person to act or behave in a desired manner, because of a health condition), which again is different from data about participation restrictions (limitations in what a person does that result from an interaction between impairments or activity limitations and barriers created by the person's environment).
Short-term disabilities due to temporary conditions such as broken legs and illness are excluded. Only disabilities lasting for at least six months or expected to last for more than six (6) months are to be included.
The following categories focus on whether the individual has any impairments:
Participation restrictions are problems an individual may experience in involvement in life situations. A participation restriction can be determined by comparing an individual's normal and regular involvement in activities with that expected of an individual without a disability.
The following categories focus on whether the individual has any participation/activity limitations:
For persons aged 2 years and above
P15 Does [the respondent] have difficulty hearing even if he/she is using a hearing aid? (Refer to code list P14-P17)
The following questions deal with the permanent difficulties that the people can have with carrying out certain habitual activities due to a health problem.
43. Respond to the following questions:
Does [the respondent] have permanent difficulty with:
43.2 Hearing, even if using hearing aids (PerDi02)
(For everyone)
The objective of this module is to know the number of people that have some permanent difficulty seeing, hearing, walking, or learning, as well as the level of severity.
Disability is any limitation of activity and restriction in participation coming from a deficiency that permanently affects a person and his or her ability to become involved in daily life within his or her physical and social environment.
In order to consider that a person has a determined disability, the limitation of activity and the restriction of participation should be permanent and always originating from a deficiency, this referring to the field of health. This means that limitations and restrictions originating from socioeconomic or cultural factors.
The deficiencies, that should be part of or express a state of health, can include abnormalities, defects, losses, or any other deviation of body structures. They don't necessarily indicate that the individual has a sickness or should be considered sick. For example, the loss of a leg is a deficiency but not a disorder or a sickness.
Important: The difficulty or limitation of activity must be current, in other words, it must be affecting the individual at the moment of the investigation, and permanent, that's to say long lasting in time, affecting and expected to affect for a period of time greater than a year.
[p. 111]
Consequently, the short-term difficulties due to temporary, or transitory conditions such as fractures or sicknesses (for example, he or she does not walk because the leg is fractured and in a cast, he or she does not speak because of a sharp hoarseness caused by a cold, etc.) are excluded.
The options of response for the questions of the module are the following.
Does he/she have permanent difficulty with hearing, even if using hearing aids?
This question applies to all people and seeks to find out if the person as an auditory disability.
Formulate the entire question and only mark Yes when the person, even with hearing aids, does not hear well.
In case of an affirmative response, find out the level of said difficulty and record the option that corresponds.
11. Does [the respondent] have any difficulty:
If yes, how difficult is it? A little, very difficult, or unable.
[] 2 A little difficulty
[] 3 Very difficult
[] 4 Unable
[] 2 A little difficulty
[] 3 Very difficult
[] 4 Unable
[] 2 A little difficulty
[] 3 Very difficult
[] 4 Unable
[] 2 A little difficulty
[] 3 Very difficult
[] 4 Unable
The next questions are about difficulties a person faces when performing certain activities due to health reasons.
13. Does [the respondent] have any difficulty with:
Part 1: Information about members of the household
Part 1 of the Census form consists of 41 questions, numbered sequentially from Question 1 to Question 41.
The respondent is the head of the household or a person knowledgeable about members of the household. For information on employment and birth history of women, DTV needs to interview DTDT face-to-face and collect information. In addition, for other information about members of the household, if the head of the household or the information provider is not knowledgeable, DTV also needs to interview DTDT face-to-face and record the information.
Question 13: Does [the respondent] have any difficulty when [...]?
This question is intended to gather information about difficulties a person may encounter in performing certain activities due to health problems/long term health problems, including difficulties due to the effects of old age, but does not include difficulties due to the children being young or not yet proficient in taking care of themselves (help from adults).
DTV asks about the conditions and level of difficulty of each person and in turn according to each ability, including vision, hearing, walking up the stairs, memory, self-care, and communication. Therein:
You are about to start a rather sensitive topic. Prepare the respondent by telling him/her that you are now going to start asking questions on disability.
A person with a disability is defined as a person who is limited in the kind or amount of activities that he or she can do because of the ongoing difficulties due to a long term physical condition, mental condition or health problem. Short term disabilities due to temporary conditions such as broken legs and illness are excluded. Only disabilities lasting for more than six months should be included.
P15 Are You Disabled in any Way?
Find out whether this person is disabled and shade appropriately. If the respondent is not disabled, skip to P18.
You are about to start a rather sensitive topic. Prepare the respondent by telling him/her that you are now going to start asking questions on disability.
A person with a disability is defined as a person who is limited in the kind or amount of activities that he or she can do because of the ongoing difficulties due to a long term physical condition, mental condition or health problem. Short term disabilities due to temporary conditions such as broken legs and illness are excluded. Only disabilities lasting for more than six months should be included.
P15 Are You Disabled in any Way?
Find out whether this person is disabled and shade appropriately. If the respondent is not disabled, skip to P18.
P16 What is Your Disability?
Find out what disability the person has and shade appropriately. Also note that a person may have more than one disability. Shade all disabilities reported.
5.4.1 Types of Disability
You are about to start a rather sensitive topic. Prepare the respondent by telling him/her that you are now going to start asking questions on disability.
A person with a disability is defined as a person who is limited in the kind or amount of activities that he or she can do because of the ongoing difficulties due to a long term physical condition, mental condition or health problem. Short term disabilities due to temporary conditions such as broken legs and illness are excluded. Only disabilities lasting for more than six months should be included.
P15 Are You Disabled in any Way?
Find out whether this person is disabled and shade appropriately. If the respondent is not disabled, skip to P18.
P16 What is Your Disability?
Find out what disability the person has and shade appropriately. Also note that a person may have more than one disability. Shade all disabilities reported.
5.4.1 Types of Disability
Q14 Disability
The intention here is to capture data pertaining to disability of a moderate to severe nature. The question should be asked to all persons.
Definitions:
Example:
Because there is no adequate transport, buildings are not accessible and potential employers do not wish to employ someone with a disability.
In Zimbabwe, the terms disability, impairment and handicap have been used interchangeably to refer to persons with disabilities. Reference has been made to children who are mentally handicapped, people who have visual impairment or people who are physically disabled. To the users, the meaning is only an exercise in semantics.
Classification of disability for Purposes of identification
Disability is difficult because it is not a well-defined condition. Different countries have used different definitions and census methodologies to come up with estimates of prevalence rates.
Developed countries have counted even those with minor disabilities as disabled while developing countries have only counted those that have moderate to severe conditions that need rehabilitation intervention. These are people whose conditions permanently prevent them from performing activities in a manner considered normal for human beings. A person may have minor impairment (e.g. amputation of two toes) but functions normally. Such a person is not considered disabled.
When identifying people with disabilities, the difficulties that they may have as a result of their conditions are classified as follows by World Health Organization:
For the 2012 Census, Zimbabwe will classify people with moderate to severe disabilities according to the same categories.
Explanation of Disabilities and Examples of Conditions That May Cause Disabilities
Condition:
f) Difficulty Hearing