B. Dwelling

4. Principle construction materials

B. Dwelling

It is any housing fixed or mobile that has been built or adapted for housing persons. A house, apartment, trailer, tenant room, shack, hospital, and a room are all considered dwellings.

4. Predominant Material in the Construction: You will specify the predominant material employed in the construction of the floors, walls and roofs.
In case of doubt, you will consult with the occupants of the dwelling.

If in a section of the construction more than one material exists, you will only make reference to that used in the largest proportion. For example: If the roof is ¼ covered asphalt and ¾ metal sheets, only mark "metal sheets".

I. Characteristics of the dwelling for the only household or for the first household
[Questions 1-9]

[Questions 2-16 were addressed only in case of an occupied dwelling, with occupants present, per Question 1.]

4. What is the predominant material of the outer walls?

1. Characteristics of the dwelling for the only household or for the first household

How do we fill out question 1?
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form]
Simply registering the situation that we find, in accordance with the following chart:

4. What is the predominant material of the outer walls?

[Questions 5-24 were asked in the case of households that occupied some structure, per question 4.]

6. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls?

7. Do the outside walls have plaster/external covering (including exposed brick)?

Questions 5, 6, and 8: What is the main material of ... ?

In each of these questions, main means the material that is found in the greatest proportion in the floors, exterior walls, and exterior covering of the roof of the dwelling. If there are different materials in the same proportions, you should register the one that is of the better quality.

Question 7: Are the exterior walls plastered/ do they have an external covering (include exposed brick)?

Q4. What is the construction material of the building's exterior walls?

[] 1 Stone or brick
[] 2 Reinforced concrete
[] 3 Wood
[] 4 Mixed material
[] 5 Other

B.4 The construction material of the outer walls of the building

a) Stone, brick: if the house is built of stone or brick.
b) Ferroconcrete (panel, monolith), block: if the house is built of the blocks of ferroconcrete or concrete blocks and panels, as well as in cases when the wooden house is faced with bricks.
c) Wood: if the walls of the house are made of wood (quadrilateral or roughhewed) or made of the whole wooden panels as well as in cases when the wooden house is faced by bricks.
d) Comprising different materials: if the first floor of the house (the part of the house) is made of brick or stone and the second floor is made of wood. If the walls of the house are made of several types of material then they must be included in the type of the material which prevails in the building.
e) Other: in the absence of the construction materials mentioned above.

B4. Construction material of external walls:

Questions for the households

Sections B, C and D are to be filled out by occupied households.

Question B.4

The construction material of the outer walls of the building

Stone, brick: if the house is built of stone or brick.
Ferroconcrete (panel), block: if the house is built of the blocks of ferroconcrete or concrete blocks and panels, as well as in cases when the wooden house is faced with bricks.
Monolith: if the house is built of the monolith blocks.
Wood: if the walls of the house are made of wood (quadrilateral or roughhewed) or made of the whole wooden panels as well as in cases when the wooden house is faced by break.
Comprising different materials: if the first floor of the house (the part of the house) is made of break or stone and the second floor is made of wood.
If the walls of the house are made of several types of material then they must be included in the type of the material, which prevails in the building.
Other: in the absence of the construction materials mentioned above.

4. Material of the wall:

[] 1. Straw/Bamboo
[] 2. Mud/Raw brick
[] 3. Tin
[] 4. Wood
[] 5. Cement/brick

4. Material of the wall:
To identify the main dwelling house, consult with the respondent (if necessary). Don't embarrass the respondent by asking the question, rather observe and the materials of the wall of the main dwelling house of the household and mark the appropriate oval cell. If the household consists of more than one dwelling house, please check which house's wall is more expensive. Mark at oval cell (1) if the materials of the house mainly made of straw/bamboo, mark at (2) if it is made of brick, mark at (3) if it is tin, (4) if it is wood and (5) if it is made of cement/brick.

II. Housing Conditions (Questions 1 - 4 to be completed for the dwelling)

3. Material used in outer walls

Question 3P. Material of outer walls

Answers to this question are to be completed based on form 1-?? (characteristics of dwellings), excluding those households living in private housing stock where the questions are to be completed through interviewing.

One of codes is to be marked, which corresponds to the item wanted.

If a house is made of bricks, natural or artificial stone, the item "bricks, stone" is to be marked.

If a house is made of concrete or reinforced concrete blocks and panels, slag blocks or its walls are filled with slag, the item "concrete, reinforced concrete, blocks, panels" is to be marked.

If the walls of a house are made of wood (blocks or logs) or of prefabricated wood boards, the item "wood" is to be marked.

"Wood" is also to be marked if a wooden house is coated with bricks.

If the first floor (half or part of a house) is made of bricks or stone, but the second floor (half or part of a house) is wooden, the item "mixed material" is to be marked.

If the walls of a house are made of adobe blocks, prefabricated panels, etc (those coated with bricks inclusive), or of any other materials not mentioned above, the item "other material" is to be marked.

When the walls of a house are made of several different materials, they are to be related to the prevailing group of materials used in the construction.

Section I. Description of habitation

[Questions 2-5 were asked of households whose type of habitation was apartment residential house or apartment.]

3. Material used to build outer walls of the house:

"Household - - Dwelling Unit" Questionnaire

B: Dwelling Unit

Characteristics of the dwelling unit

Specify the characteristics of the head of household's building by checking the appropriate box in columns (a) to (f). Indicate in the last column (g) the total number of rooms in which the household resides.

Type of walls

B. How to fill out the form "Household- Dwelling unit"

Dwelling Characteristics

Column (b): Type of walls
Examine the type of the building's or apartment's walls in which the head of household lives and check the corresponding box. In the case of buildings made with various materials [Examples are not presented here], mention the main material used.

Household dwelling unit characteristics

Nature of the walls (primary construction)

Characteristics of the household's dwelling unit

Column (5), (6), and (7): Type of roofs, walls, and floor
Observe the type of the roof, walls, and floor of the main building (head of household's building) of the dwelling unit and circle the numbers corresponding to the observed characteristics in the appropriate columns.
In all cases, mention the predominant material (i.e. the most used) in the case of buildings made with several materials.

Dwelling unit characteristics

(46) Nature of the walls (primary construction)

Columns (45), (46), and (47): Nature [type] of roofs, walls, and floor
Observe the type of the roof, walls, and floor of the main building (head of household's building) of the dwelling unit and circle the numbers corresponding to the observed characteristics in the appropriate columns. The options are:

Dwelling Unit Characteristics
[Questions 43-56 were asked of all households]

49. Nature of the walls - Primary construction material used

Section 4: Habitation Characteristics

This section gives information on the characteristics of the household's lodging.

In the case where a more than one questionnaire is used for the household, the answers to the questions on the habitation's characteristics shall only be noted on form number 1 used for the household.

49. Main wall type

This is the main construction of the habitation unit.

The modality codes for this variable are:

3. Predominant materials in the dwelling

[Question 3 was asked of persons in private dwellings, per Question 1.]

Question 3. Predominant materials in the dwelling

Write down with what materials are built:

The roof of the building (where the dwelling is found),
The exterior walls, and
The floor of the dwelling.

The following information is given in the rural manual:

Exterior Walls

3. Walls

[Question 3 was asked of persons in occupied private dwellings, per Questions 1 and 2.]

[] 1 Plastered adobe
[] 2 Adobe without plaster or mud-wall construction
[] 3 Brick, cement block, reinforced concrete, etc.
[] 4 Stone
[] 5 Wood
[] 6 Cane, palm, logs
[] 7 Others (specify) ____

Predominant materials in the dwelling

The next three questions refer to three parts of the dwelling: the walls, roof, and floors.

In each case, mark the appropriate code for the predominant material in the dwelling.

Question 3. Walls

1. Plastered adobe. When the predominant material in the walls is adobe and, furthermore, it is covered with another material that protects it.

2. Unplastered adobe or mud-wall. Dwellings with walls of uncovered adobe are included in this category.

3. Brick, blocks of cement, concrete, etc.When walls made of these materials are covered or uncovered.

4. Stone. In this category we take into account walls that are made of stones.

5. Wood.Included in this category are planks and boards. If the wood is only used as a covering for the wall, don't take it into account. Rather, instead record the material out of which the wall is actually made.

6. Cane, palm leaves, tree trunks.Whether they are covered or not.

7. Other. Those things not included in the previous categories, such as cardboard, tin, waste or other materials, in which case you should specify.

[Questions 6 to 26 were asked of persons who lived in occupied private dwelling and were present at the time of enumeration, per Questions 4 and 5.]

6. What is the construction material most frequently used in the walls of this dwelling?

Chapter C. Characteristics of dwellings with inhabitants who are present

Question 6. What is the construction material most used in the walls of this dwelling?

For example:

Mrs. Pérez: My house is made of brick and adobe.

Enumerator: But which of the two is used most?

Mrs. Pérez: Well, the house is mostly made of brick.

The form is filled out in this way:

[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form with appropriate ovals filled in.]

Chapter B. Main characteristics of the dwelling

3. What is the main construction material used in the exterior walls of this dwelling?

Chapter B. Main characteristics of the dwelling

Main construction materials used in building the dwelling
3. Main construction material used in the exterior walls
It refers to primary construction material of the walls of the exterior or outline of the dwelling. Exclude any fences or perimeter walls around it. Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.
4. Plaster on the interior walls of the dwelling
Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.
5. Main construction material used in the roofs
Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.
6. Main construction material used in the floors
Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.

Section D
[Questions 1 through 15 were asked of private dwelling]

10. Materials of construction of the walls

Housing conditions

Columns [H9, H10 and H11] material of construction

Section E
[Housing]

(Circle response)

Ask for the material used for the construction of this housing unit (if Lolwapa, take main house)

13. Material used for construction of the walls

Column E13: Walls

Observe the material of construction for the walls and circle the appropriate code:

If none of the above applies write the name of the material in the space below the codes.

E11. Material used for construction of walls

143a. Columns E12/E13/E14: Material of Construction of Main Housing Unit

These questions refer to the material of construction of the housing unit (the floor, the walls and the roof) where you are enumerating.

If it is a lolwapa having more than one "sleeping" hut or house, obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit - the "main house" - which will usually be the one used by the head of the household.

If the housing unit is a room, it is the material for the room that is required and this is usually the same as the material for the house.

If more than one type of material is used, e.g. zinc and thatch for the roof, enter the one that has been used for the greater part of the roof.

144. Column E12: Walls

Observe the material of construction for the walls and circle the appropriate code:

If none of the above applies write the name of the material in the space below the codes.

E. Household Information

Housing unit

[Ask for material of construction of the main house for the household]

11. Walls

187. Columns E8-E13: Housing unit
These questions relate to the housing unit occupied by the household you are enumerating. A housing unit is the unit of accommodation for a household. You will usually be able to answer some of these questions yourself simply from observation. However, if in doubt, ask, and then circle the most appropriate answer code. Note that in each of these columns you are to circle only one code. The relevant portion of the sample questionnaire is shown on page 82.

191. Columns E11/E12/E13: Material of construction of main housing unit
These questions refer to the material of construction of the main housing unit (the floor, the walls and the roof) where you are enumerating.

If it is a lolwapa/dwelling having more than one "sleeping" hut or house, obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit - the "main house" - which will usually be the one used by the head of the household.

If the housing unit is a room, it is the material for the room that is required and this is usually the same as the material for the house.

If more than one type of material is used, e.g. zinc and thatch for the roof, enter the one that has been used for the greater part of the roof.

192. Column E11: Walls
Observe the material of construction for the walls and circle the appropriate code.

If none of the above applies, write the name of the material in the space below the codes.

(The following questions are only for permanent private households)

3. Walls

Question 3 - Walls

Mark one of the boxes, according to the material predominantly used in the construction:

Masonry - for bricks, adobe, stone, concrete slabs or precast concrete (covered or not with plaster), unfinished concrete and lined lathe and plaster. Walls of metal and glass structures and those lined with marble, stone, etc. are included in this case.

[p. 33]

Wood - when any type of finished wood is used, even if not in good condition, except for processed wood from boxes or crates, plywood boards, etc.
Unfinished lath and plaster - when the walls are made of mud or lime and sand with wooden pillars and stakes, indoor partitions, stucco, wattle and dubb, etc.;
Scrap materiall - when material from crates or boxes, plywood boards or empty containers, etc. is used. Wall material already used as such in the past is not considered scrap material.
Straw - when the walls are made of sape grass, leaves, or shells of vegetables, plants, etc.; or
Other - when material that does not fit into any of the above categories has been used.

3. Walls

[] 1 masonry
[] 2 close-fitting wood
[] 3 uncoated lathe and plaster
[] 4 found material
[] 5 straw
[] 6 other

Question 3 - Walls
Mark one of the boxes, according to the material predominantly used in the construction:

1 - Masonry - for bricks, adobe, stone, concrete slabs or precast concrete (covered or not with plaster), unfinished concrete and finished lathe and plaster.
Walls of metal and glass structures and those lined with marble, stone, etc. are included in this case.
2 - Finished Wood - when any type of finished wood is used, even if not in good condition, except for scrap wood from boxes or crates, plywood boards, etc.
3 - Unfinished lath and plaster - when the walls are made of mud or lime and sand with wooden pillars and stakes, indoor partitions, stucco, wattle and daub, etc.;
4 - Scrap material - when material from crates or boxes, plywood boards or empty containers, etc. is used. Wall material already used as such in the past is not considered scrap material.
5 - Straw - when the walls are made of sap grass, leaves, or plant shells, plants, etc.; or
6 - Other - when material that does not fit into any of the above categories has been used.

2. For occupied permanent private housing units - Household characteristics.

2.02 The predominant material of this housing unit outside walls is:

2.02 - The main material on the exterior walls is:

You must record the main material used in the construction of the exterior walls of the household building. Depending on the situation, record:

1 - With masonry coating: For walls with brick lining (plaster, plasterboard, and spatter dash), stone, pre-molded concrete or apparent. Consider also those covered with marble, metal, glass or paneling.
2 - Without masonry coating: For brick walls without lining (plaster, plasterboard, and spatter dash).
3 - Wood paneling (set): To walls of any kind of wood that has been prepared for this purpose.
4 - Coated stucco: For walls made of mud or lime and sand with poles and sticks of wood, paneling, plaster or wattle-and-daub coated (plaster, plasterboard, and spatter dash).
5 - Uncoated stucco: For walls made of mud or lime and sand with poles and sticks of wood, paneling, plaster or wattle-and-daub provided there is no finish (plaster, plasterboard, spatter dash).

[page 165]

6 - Wood remnants: For walls made of wood packaging, fences, scaffolding, etc.
7 - Straw: For walls made of thatch, leaf or tree bark, etc.
8 -Other materials: For walls made of any material that has not previously been described. Example: zinc, plastic, etc.
9 - No wall: For households which do not have walls, and which cover is being supported by wooden poles or similar.
Item 9 should be marked only on indigenous regions.

III. Housing Characteristics

H3. Type of walls

H5. Type of walls

[] 1. Hard material (materials such as cement, brick, etc.)
[] 2. Partly hard material (structure made with both hard material, such as cement, and something removable, such as earthen plaster, wood, etc.)
[] 3. Dried red earth
[] 4. Straw
[] 0. Other

29) What materials are the walls?

[] 1 Concrete, concrete blocks, bricks
[] 2 Stone tiles
[] 3 Planking
[] 4 Carabot
[] 5 Clay, unbaked
[] 6 Adobe
[] 7 Mats, leaves or straw
[] 8 Other

Questions on housing

Columns 28 to 36:

To answer these questions on housing, in each column circle the number of the characteristic corresponding to the structure and the housing unit which you are visiting. Only circle one number per column.

[Example omitted]

If the structure is a religious structure, you additionally mark the number of accommodations of the concession in column 28.

If it is a religious space, the physical characteristics to reveal are those in the main accommodation (materials of the walls, the roof, floor, and lighting). Yet, the number of rooms to mark in column 32 is the total number of rooms used by the household, all accommodations included. As such, in the case of a religious space composed only of round accommodations/huts, the number of rooms (column 32) is most frequently equal to the number of accommodations (column 28).

Wall materials

Questions on housing

Circle the appropriate number where applicable: in the case of a compound occupied by only one household, take the characteristics (except for the number of rooms) of the main house.

H2. Main material of walls

Filling in page 4.
Begin by filling in the space reserved for questions concerning housing and then fill in the space for deaths.
This page is completed only as concerns the first questionnaire used in the household.


1) Space for questions concerning housing. In this column, encircle only one number.

Example : The household is living in a modern villa, column H 1, encircle No. 3.
1 - Isolated house
2 - House with many self-contained flats
3 - Modern villa
4 - Apartment story building
5 - Compound or saré
6 ? Other

If the housing unit is a compound or saré, the numbers to be encircled are those corresponding to the characteristics of the main house as concerns the materials used for the walls, roof, floor, type of lighting system, water supply, source of energy for the kitchen, type of toilet. However, the number of rooms to be written in column H10 is the total number of room used by the household in all the housed that make up the compound or saré.
The rooms to be taken into account are the bedrooms, sitting rooms, the dining rooms, rooms for house servants and kitchen; do not count corridors, verandahs, lobbies, bathrooms, toilets, rooms for professional practice such as lawyer's chambers, doctor's consultation room, tailoring workshop, street stalls, etc.
If a room is used by two or more households (examples: kitchens, dining rooms, etc.), record it in the name of one household and do not count it for any other household.
If in a housing unit you note many characteristics for the materials, record the main one:

Example: a mud wall plastered with cement (half concrete), record 6 ? mud

48. Material of the walls

[] Concrete/cement block/stabilized brick
[] Stone
[] Brick
[] Plank
[] Mud or straw
[] Carabot (Plywood)
[] Other

48. Main material of walls
The codes for the terms of this variable are:

1-Contrete/cinder block/bricks
2-cut stone
3-simple bricks
4-boards
5-clay/adobe
6-carabot (plywood)
7-Other to specify

a) Exterior walls

Material

[] 1 Concrete
[] 2 Brick, cement block or stone
[] 3 Mortared adobe
[] 4 Wood
[] 5 Exterior brick covered with galvanized, asbestos/cement or other type of siding boards bricks.
[] 6 Bricks placed on edge. Flat adobe, or cement brick
[] 7 Stick-and-mud, clay, straw, waste materials, tin, cardboard
[] 8 Other material

Condition

[] 1 Very good
[] 2 Acceptable
[] 3 Poor

Exterior walls. The material of the exterior walls of the dwelling, those that bear the weight of the roof or the upper floors, will be considered. Make the appropriate notations according to the following definitions:

a) Concrete wall. Like walls made of brick masonry or cement blocks or stone, they are easily recognizable when they are not stuccoed. When they are stuccoed, they are recognizable: a) by their thickness of no less than twenty centimeters (a hand, more or less, measured in the doorway); b) because, upon knocking on them, they should not sound hollow, but rather as if made of stone.

b) Mortared adobe. When uncovered, it is easily recognized by its appearance of dried mud. Covered, it should measure thirty-five or sixty-five centimeters. The sound is especially muted.

c) Exterior partition covered with sheets of galvanized iron, slate, or other siding. Constructed of wooden posts (placed vertically) and covered on one or both sides by flat or corrugated planks or sheets of galvanized iron or slate, or by sheets of pressed wood or plywood. On the interior, these walls [p. 25] can be covered by sheets of plaster, ebonite, or paper. Their thickness fluctuates between ten and twenty centimeters, and when knocked on they sound hollow.

d) Brick walls, vertical (parado) adobe, or cement partition. The characteristic thing about this type of partition is its lack of thickness: approximately ten centimeters. The bricks are placed on edge, that is, standing up.

e) Partitions of sticks and mud, rammed earth, waste materials, tin, cardboard, etc. These low-quality walls are generally uncovered and the enumerator can easily recognize them.

f) Other material. Here any other material not mentioned in the previous items should be recorded.

3. Predominant material and condition of the dwelling

3. Predominant material and condition of the dwelling

Construction material

A. Main Walls

Building materials

1) Concrete, Stone, brick, or cement block masonry: If the walls are not stuccoed, these materials are easily recognizable. If they are stuccoed, they are characterized by:

a) Their thickness of no more than 20 cm;
b) When knocking on them with the knuckles, they shouldn't sound hollow, but rather compact.

2) Wood, Covered Partition: (with sheets of iron, slate, or other materials). Wood is easily recognized. The covered partition structures are covered on one or both sides by planks, sheets of galvanized iron, slate, sheets of pressed wood, etc.; on the interior these walls can be covered with sheets of plaster or paper. Their thickness varies between 10 and 20 cm and their sound is hollow.

3) Mortared adobe: When it is not stuccoed, it can be recognized by its dried clay appearance. If it is stuccoed, it is recognized by:

a) Its thickness of from 35 to 65 cm;
b) Its especially muted sound.

4) Brick, vertical adobe, sticks and mud, clay with straw, dried stone: Characterized by its lack of thickness, of approximately 10 cm; moreover, it is easily recognizable by appearance.

5) Waste Materials: (Tin, cardboard, and/or various waste materials). These are badly constructed walls made of all kinds of materials. They are used in improvised dwellings. It is not difficult to identify them.

6) Other materials: If another material is encountered that is not mentioned above, mark this item.

Only for occupied dwellings [applies to questions 3 to 7]

3. What is the predominant construction material of the dwelling?

A. Principal walls

[] 1 Concrete, brick or cement block, stone
[] 2 Wood, plank (with iron, slate or other siding)
[] 3 Adobe
[] 4 Mud-and-stick, clay with straw, stone
[] 5 Waste material (tin, cardboard box, and/or various other waste materials)
[] 6 ____ Other materials (specify)

Questions 3 through 16 will only be asked for occupied private dwellings.

What is the predominant construction material?

Specify the predominant construction material used in the construction of exterior walls, roofs, and floors. When in doubt, consult with the occupants of the dwelling. If more than one material was used in the construction, reference only the one used in greatest proportion. For example, if the roof has 1/4 slate covering and 3/4 tiles, mark only "Tiles."

A. In the exterior walls?: indicate the predominant material, taking into account all of the exterior walls of the dwelling.

B. In the roof covering?: do as in the previous case. For buildings more than one story tall, indicate the covering of the building's roof.

C. In the floor?: indicate the predominant material, taking into account all of the floors of the dwelling.

[The above directions refer to a picture of question 3 in this section of the enumeration form.]

Only for private, occupied dwellings with people present (applies to questions 3 through 16)

A. In the exterior walls

4. The predominant construction material is:

Specify the predominant construction material used in the construction of exterior walls, roofs, and floors. When in doubt, consult with the occupants of the dwelling. If more than one material was used in the construction, reference only the one used in greatest proportion. For example, if the roof has 1/4 slate covering and 3/4 tiles, mark only "Tiles."

A. In the exterior walls: Indicate the predominant material, taking into account all of the exterior walls of the dwelling.

B. In the roof covering: Do as in the previous case. For buildings more than one story tall, indicate the covering of the building's roof.

C. In the floor: Indicate the predominant material, taking into account all of the floors in all the rooms in the dwelling.

[The above directions refer to a picture of question 4 in this section of the enumeration form.]

Only for private, occupied dwellings with people present [applies to questions 3 to 16]

A. In the exterior walls:

[Questions 3 through 16: Only for private dwellings which are occupied with people present.]

Question 4

Construction materials allow us to define the actual conditions of Chilean dwellings. The following questions are asked:

4a. Exterior walls [An arrow points to a picture of an exterior wall.]
4b. Roof [An arrow points to a picture of a roof.]
4c. Floor [An arrow points to a picture of a floor.]

Question 4a. Exterior Walls

When more than one material is used, you should mark the most used, the predominant material. You should only fill in one oval. [These instructions refer to a graphic of question 4a on the census form.]

[p. 31]

Question 4b. Roof

In the case of an apartment, you should ask about the roof of the last [i.e., the uppermost] floor of the building. [These instructions refer to a graphic of question 4b on the census form.]

Questions 4b (Roof) and 4c (Floor)

Please: Remember to fill in only the oval with the type of material that the informant considers the most used. [Two arrows point to graphics of questions 4b and 4c on the census form.]

B. Housing unit characteristics

3. What is the main construction material...

Questionnaire section B: "housing unit characteristics"
[Questions 1 and 2, housing unit type]
In this part of the questionnaire, information about the housing unit that you are recording is entered. The first two questions are by observation; only in cases where there are no persons present in the housing unit should you check with neighbors as to whether it is occupied or vacant.
[Figure omitted, group of images to use as a reference for type of housing unit]
Remember that you can go back to review the definition of privately-owned housing unit and collective unit on pages 21 and 22.

Continue filling out the questionnaire following each of the following instructions:
[Question 3, housing unit main construction materials]
On each question with a question mark (?), you must wait for a spontaneous response form the informant and then mark the alternative that the informant indicates to you.
[Figures omitted, the first figure shows question 3, and the second one is a visual help for the interviewer about the construction material of exterior walls, the roof, and the floor]
[p. 22]
[Question 4, housing unit bedrooms]
A room used only as a bedroom must not also be used as a kitchen, dining room or living room.
[Figure omitted, image of question 4 from the questionnaire]
[Question 5, water supply]
On each question that ends with a colon (:) you must read the response options to the informant. This question is asking for the housing unit's main source of water for domestic use. Choose the source that contributes the greatest quantity of water. If the housing unit is temporarily without access to the public system due to delay in payment or because of repairs, mark option 1. If water is provided by a neighbor, select the response option corresponding to that neighboring housing unit's water source.
[Figure omitted, image of question 5 from the questionnaire]
The next questions are very important, since they will determine whom you must record for the census and the number of households in the housing unit.

4. Predominant material in the exterior walls

[] 1 Brick or tile
[] 2 Adobe
[] 3 Prefabricated
[] 4 Pressed mud [similar to adobe]
[] 5 Cane with earth (Bahareque)
[] 6 Bamboo or cane
[] 7 Wood
[] 8 Discarded materials
[] 9 Other

Question No. 4. Predominant material in the exterior walls

[Below the text is a form.]

Mark with an "x" the box corresponding to the material with which the outside walls of the dwelling are built.

In case of different types of material, mark the one used in the largest proportion.

If in these alternatives you do not find the material with which the walls are built, mark the box "others".

III. Information about the dwelling

Complete 11, 12, 13, and 14 by observation (in case of doubt, ask).

13. Principal material in the exterior walls.

Section III. Dwelling information

The first four questions (numbers 11, 12, 13 and 14) are responded to by observation, the remaining should be asked to the interviewed person.

In case of doubt, ask.

Question No. 13 Predominant material in the exterior walls

(Filled out by observation)

[Below the text is a form.]

Mark "x" in the corresponding box.

Take into account that the question refers to the outside walls and that if a dwelling has materials of many classes, the predominant should be marked.

II. Information about the dwelling

(Only for household number one)

8. Predominant material in the exterior walls:

II. Dwelling information
[Applies to household number one only]

8. Predominant material in the exterior walls

Outside wall is understood to be any of the outside sides, façades, or walls that enclose a dwelling.

[Below the text is a form.]

Take into account the groupings that are made in the form. When there are many materials, choose the option of the predominant.

2. What is the predominant material of the exterior walls? (expanded)

[] 1 Cement block, brick, stone, finished wood
[] 2 Clay brick, adobe, cane/mud
[] 3 Rough wood, boards, plywood

[p. 7]

[] 4 Prefabricated material
[] 5 Bamboo, cane, thatch
[] 6 Zinc, fabric, cardboard, cans, discarded materials, plastics
[] 7 Without walls

4. The exterior walls are made primarily of...?

Question 4: Predominant material in the exterior walls

4. The exterior walls are made primarily of...?

[p. 110]

Block or brick: cement materials like brick or block.

Plinth (cement with wood or fibrolite): walls that have a cement base and other materials like wood or fibrocement (Fibrolite) for the rest.

Wood: when the predominant material is wood of any kind, when this has passed through a preparation process. This excludes logs or timber.

Prefabricated materials or tile: this corresponds to the concrete tiles that are acquired already fabricated and that together make a wall. They are commonly sustained by posts or columns that have a channel in which the tiles are inserted. They are distinguished because the columns stand out from the wall.

Fibrolite, Ricalite (sheet of fibrocement): material made from a base of cement mix that is compressed to form sheets of different sizes and forms, it can be Fibrolite or Ricalite.

Natural fibers (bamboo, cane, chonta): material extracted from nature that can be cultural or climatic for any purpose. This includes bamboo, cane, chonta, logs, or timber.

[p. 111]

Waste material: elements already used or of short duration (cardboard, zinc sheets in bad condition, bags, plastic, fabric, etc.)

Other material: this includes other materials not contemplated in the previous categories like new zinc or adobe.

Section III. Private housing data
[Applies to questions 1-16]

5. What is the main material in the home's...

Section III. Private housing data.

Question 5. What is the predominant material in the home's construction?
This question will gather the construction materials making up the majority of the roof, exterior walls and floors of the homes, as specified in the census questionnaire.
You should ask it taking into account the header of the question, linking it to the subsections as follows:

If a ceiling, exterior wall or floor is constructed of more than one material, you must mark the one that makes up the majority.
Example: if the floor of a home consists of wood and cement, the Enumerator must ask what percent of the home has each, and which occupies a greater area. If most of it is cement, the box corresponding to that flooring material will be checked. If half of the home is made up of one material and half the other, then mark the one that the interviewee states is predominant.
This question will always have three marks, one for each subsection.
[Figure omitted]

Housing: characteristics of the home
(Questions to ask the head of household only)

42. Type of walls

4.3.3 The fourth page - Questions about fertility and housing.

These questions should be asked only of the head of the household or his representative.

Question 42: Nature of the walls

Ask the head of the household the question, "What are the walls of your home made out of?"

According to the answer, circle one of the following codes:

Housing features and amenities

41. Nature of the walls

6.3.1- Features and amenities of the dwelling of an ordinary household
The questions about housing pertain to the characteristics and amenities of the household's dwelling, or of its primary dwelling, in the event that the household occupies several buildings for residential use. However, in regard to the number of rooms available or occupied by the household, all residential rooms located in the building or buildings occupied by the household for residential use are to be taken into account.

[p.48]

For each question, circle the code that matches the correct answer. For questions involving numbers, legibly write the numbers declared by the head of household in the appropriate grids.

Note: Details must be provided when the "Other, specify" option is selected. In cases where the answer to a question is visible (Questions 39, 41, 42), do not ask the question.

Question 41: Nature of the walls
Ask the question: "What materials are the walls of your dwelling made of?" Provide guidance to the respondent by showing him or her the range of possible answers. Then, based on the response, circle one of the following codes:

10. Exterior walls

Question 10: Walls

[Page 31 is not legible in the original]

[Question 10 is illegible on original -- but pertains to principal materials used in the walls of the dwellings]

[The text associated with the graphics of the wall materials is also mostly missing in the original]

[Questions 4-6] only for dwellings that are occupied with persons present

Main construction material of:

4. Outside walls:

Question 4: Main Materials of the exterior walls in the household.

By observation, fill in the correct answer for the main material of the (exterior) walls of the household. If there is more that one material, record the main one. If there are equal proportions of two or more materials, record the one with the best quality.

3. What is the main material of the exterior walls of this dwelling?

Question 3. What is the main material making up the exterior walls of this household?
By observation, fill in the correct answer for the main material of the exterior walls of the household. If there are equal proportions of two or more materials, record the one with the best quality. The following situations illustrate some examples:

Section 1: Information about the dwelling
[Questions 1-16 were asked for private dwellings.]

3. The predominant material of the exterior walls of the dwelling is:

[Section 1]

Step 5: If the dwelling is found occupied with people present, carry out the interview with the head of household or spouse about the information from section 1, information about the dwelling.

[A copy of section 1of the census questionnaire is omitted here.]

• All of the questions of this section accept one answer only.
• For registering question 12, you will take into account only the lightbulbs that are installed and you will not consider the lightbulbs used as Christmas ornaments.
• In this section, there are leaps in questions 10 and 15.
• Question 15 allows you to identify is there is more than one household in the dwelling.

[Page 18]

If there is more than one census household in the dwelling, you should use a questionnaire per household, starting with the second census household (second questionnaire) you should follow these instructions:

a) On the cover, repeat number 1, geographic location of the dwelling from the previous census questionnaire through question number 1.9.
b) In number 1.10 note the number of the census household that you are enumerating.
c) In number 1.11 complete the answer according to the number of census questionnaires used for each census household.
d) On the cover, leave blank number 1.12., number III - type of dwelling, number IV - principal access to the dwelling, number V - condition of occupancy, and section 1 - information about the dwelling.
e) Continue with the registry of the census questionnaire starting with section 2 (information about the household).

II. Household information

2. Characteristics of the dwelling

1. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls of the dwelling?

4.2.3 Household characteristics
These characteristics refer exclusively to single family [private] households.

The first two questions of this part of the ballot will be answered by the enumerator using simple observation, before introducing themselves to the occupants of the household; however, if there are any doubts, they can consult with the informant in the household.

1. Walls
What material are most of the walls of this household made of?
Only the exterior walls of the household will be considered and, when these have a covering, care will be taken to note the base material that they are actually made of.

[pg. 20]

2. What material are most of the walls made of?

[] 1 Concrete or mixed [mixto]
[] 2 Wattle and daub
[] 3 Adobe
[] 4 Wood
[] 5 Metal laminate [lámina metálica]
[] 6 Straw, palm or other vegetable matter
[] 7 Discarded materials
[] 8 Other

[Next page]

Question 2: What material are most of the walls made of?

Concrete or mixed:
"Concrete" is when [the wall] is constructed of gravel, sand and cement in a steel frame. The "Mixed-type" wall is constructed with white clay or concrete bricks, or sand and cement blocks, and is supported by concrete columns and beams.

Wattle and daub:
This is a wall constructed of dirt mixed with grass or pieces of mud tile, supported in a framework made mainly of palm sticks [varas de castilla] or the like.

Adobe:
Adobe has the shape of a brick but with larger dimensions. It is made from a base of dirt mixed with grass, which is shaped in molds and then dried in the sun. The adobe bricks are stuck together with mud.

[Next page]

Wood:
These are generally constructed with planks and supported by a framework of dimensional lumber.

Metal laminate:
The sheets can be smooth or corrugated and are generally supported by a wood frame.

Straw, palm or other vegetable matter:
This type of material is used for building huts, which are mostly located in rural areas.

Discarded materials:
This type of material is found in marginal dwellings and refers to pieces of wood, sheets of laminate, plastics, etc.

Other:
Include material not included in previous categories, such as asbestos laminate, canvas, etc.

45. What is the major material used for the construction of wall of housing unit?

Column 45: What is the main building material the wall of the housing unit was constructed from?

The main building material of the wall will be asked and identified among those enumerated below and entered in card column 33 after circling it. If encountered with building material other than listed here, record the name in line with "other" and enter code 8 in card column 33.

Section V: Detailed information on housing unit
[This version of Section V was asked for rural households.]

41. What is the major material used for the construction of the wall of the housing unit?

Section 4: Detail Information on Housing Units
General Instruction
The enumerator should closely consider the following points before collecting data about housing units.

Column 41: What is the major material used for the construction of the wall of the housing unit?
Pg 86

In this question the material with which the wall of the housing unit is majority built is asked and the correct code among the given alternatives is circled and entered. If the type of material with which the wall is made is not found among the given alternatives, the enumerator shall circle code 8.

Section V: Detailed information on housing unit
[This version of Section V was asked for urban households.]

45. What is the major material used for the construction of the wall of the housing unit?

Section 4: Detail Information on Housing Units
General Instruction
The enumerator should closely consider the following points before collecting data about housing units.

Chapter Four
Instructions for Filling the Population and Housing Census Questionnaires in Urban Areas

Two types of census questionnaires are prepared for urban areas: short and long questionnaires. The long questionnaire will be filled in for the selected sample households, for all hotels/hostels and for other collective quarters' inmates. It should be noticed again that the short questionnaire is to be filled in for the rest households (for unselected households). The instruction given below is to fill in the long questionnaire and this instruction is again used to the short questionnaire because questions included in the short questionnaire are parts and parcels of the long questionnaire. The questionnaire is filled in for residents of housing units coded as code 1, 2, 3 or 4 is entered in column 11. Note that, only short questionnaire will be administered for homeless peoples.

Section 4: Detail Information on Housing Units
General Instruction
In this section information on urban housing units are collected.
The enumerator should closely consider the following points before collecting data about housing units.

Column 45: What is the major material used for the construction of the wall of the housing unit?

In this column the material with which the wall of the housing unit is majority built is asked and the correct code among the given alternatives is circled and entered in the right column. If the type of material with which the wall is made is not found among the given alternatives, the enumerator shall circle code 8.

Section 5: Information on housing unit

For Questions 16-20, please mark by observation and/or asking.

17. What is the major material used for the construction of the wall of the housing unit?

Note:- The questions 16 - 20 require personal observation apart from interrogating the respondent.

Question 17:- What is the major material used for the construction of the wall of the housing unit?

In this question the material with which the wall of the housing unit is majority built is asked and the correct code among the given alternatives is marked. If the type of material with which the wall is made is not found among the given alternatives, the enumerator shall mark code 11.

2. Construction of outer walls

Is the building constructed with:

[] 1 Walls of concrete, brick or cement
[] 2 Wooden walls
[] 3 Permanent walls of tin or corrugated iron
[] 4 Walls of traditional bure [wood and straw hut] materials
[] 5 Walls of makeshift or improvised materials
[] 6 Walls of other materials, specify

Question 2 - Construction of outer walls

204. If the outer walls fall into more than one category, tick the main one.

H2. Construction of outer walls
Are the walls of the building mainly constructed of

[] 1. Concrete, brick or cement
[] 2. Wood in good or reasonably sound condition
[] 3. Tin or corrugated iron
[] 4. Traditional bure materials
[] 5. Wood in poor condition
[] 6. Makeshift or improvised materials
[] 7. Other materials, specify

183. Question H2 - Construction of outer walls

If the outer walls fall into more than one category, tick the main one.

[Questions H1-14 were asked of all households.]

H2. Construction of outer walls.
Of what material are the outer walls of the living quarters of
this household mainly constructed of?

Household and housing
[Put appropriate number in right hand box]

[H2a] Construction of outer walls

H02 Outer wall: What is the main construction material used for the outer walls?

[] 01 Mud/mud brick/earth
[] 02 Wood
[] 03 Metal sheet or slate/asbestos
[] 04 Stone
[] 05 Burnt bricks
[] 06 Cement blocks/concrete
[] 07 Landcrete
[] 08 Bamboo
[] 09 Palm leaves/thatch (grass)/raffia
[] 10 Other (specify) ________

H02: What is the main construction material used for outer walls of this dwelling?

This question refers to the construction materials of the external (outer) walls of the dwelling in which the household lives. If there are a number of separate buildings/structures in which the household lives, the material used for the construction of the walls of the largest building/structure must be recorded. Similarly, if the walls are constructed of more than one material, the predominant material must be reported.

1. Mud/mud bricks/earth: This refers to outer walls which have been constructed with mud (earth) only. In certain cases, this mud covers a wattle (sticks or twigs) framework. Unburnt mud bricks also fall in this category.

2. Wood: This category includes walls which have been constructed with wood such as wooden planks, boards, tree stems/wooden branches or some other form of timber.

3. Metal sheets or slate/asbestos: These refer mainly to corrugated iron, zinc or aluminium sheets and asbestos that have been used for the construction of outer walls of dwellings.

4. Stone: This refers to walls of dwellings which consist mainly of stones or rocks.

5. Burnt bricks: This category is made up of walls which have been constructed with burnt bricks.

6. Cement blocks/concrete: This category refers to walls which have been built with cement blocks or which have been built with reinforced concrete. Walls of dwellings that have been constructed with cement blocks are more common than those constructed with reinforced concrete. Note that in many cases houses built with cement blocks will be plastered over with a mixture of cement and sand.

7. Landcrete: This refers to blocks made from a mixture of cement and local earth. The cement in the mixture is of a lower proportion than what is used in concrete and cement blocks. The use of landcrete is not widespread. It is found mainly in small towns and the peripheries of larger towns.

8. Bamboo: This refers to walls that have been made up of bamboo.

[p. 51]

9. Palm leaves or thatch (grass) or raffia: Included in this category are palm leaves, raffia and any kind of grass/straw or leaves.

10. Other (specify): Materials used for the outer walls of dwellings which do not fall in any of the above categories must be specified in the space provided.

H: Housing conditions (household population only)
[For vacant housing unit fill only H01, H02, and H04]

H02: Outer Wall
What is the main material or the outer walls of this dwelling?

H02. What is the main construction material used for outer walls of this dwelling?
This question refers to the construction materials of the external (outer) walls of the dwelling in which the household lives. If there are a number of separate buildings/structures in which the household lives, the material used for the construction of the walls of the largest building/structure must be recorded. Similarly, if the walls are constructed with more than one material, the predominant material must be reported. Note that outer wall is not the fence wall but the external wall of the dwelling. Ten categories have been provided for this question. You should mark the appropriate box.

VI. Predominant construction materials
[Mark only one box in each division]

19. Walls

VI. Predominant materials of the construction

In this chapter, there are three sections that list of the principal materials that are used in the construction of walls, roofs, and floors. In each of these sections, you will mark with an X the small box that corresponds to the main material that has been used in the walls, roofs, and floors, since frequently in one construction there are diverse materials used.

a) Wall: for the construction of the wall the following materials have been indicated:

Brick or block (made of clay, cement, concrete): either the material is used by itself of in a combination with structures of reinforced concrete (mixed).

Adobe: this option includes the constructions made of adobe, even when there is a structure of reinforced concrete.

Stone: in some places, given the abundance of stone, walls have been built in this material joined by concrete. Do not consider this type of construction as simple covering of the wall with flagstone.

Cane and earth: this option includes structures of wood filled with adobe, mixed, or similar materials, generally reinforced with wire or metallic fabric.

Wood: This includes constructions with wood beams and studs and covered with wood slats, boards, lepa, plywood, or tablex. Covering a wall with sheets of wood does not mean that it is a wood wall.

Stick, cane: in the rural constructions it is frequent to use sticks, canes, etc., placed one after another and tied to each other to make the wall.

Other: in the case that you find another material, such as reinforced concrete, sheets of materials such as asbestos cement (duralita), wood with cement (aguilit), metallic sheeting, etc. you will mark in the small box that corresponds to "other" and in the blank space you will write the type of material used.

II. Characteristics of the place of habitation

2. Predominant material in the walls

II. Dwelling characteristics

As mentioned previously, questions 1 through 9 of this section should be investigated for each one of the "dwellings". The specific instructions that follow will allow the enumerator to complete the work more efficiently.

Question 2: predominant material in exterior walls

1. How to investigate this question

The informant is asked what the predominant material in the exterior walls of the dwelling is.

2. How to record the data

Once the predominant material used in the construction of the exterior walls is defined, the number of the category is circled.

[p.35]

If the exterior walls are made of a material not specified in the form, the number [7] "other" is circled and the material specified.

3. Example:

[These instructions refer to a graphic of question 2 of the census form]

II. Characteristics of the place of habitation

3. Material of exterior walls

Chapter II. Characteristics of the place of habitation

2. What is the predominant material of the exterior walls?

Part 2: Dwelling characteristics

This section contains questions and answers for the dwelling characteristics and should only be asked of the first household (household 01) in each dwelling. For unoccupied dwellings, only fill out questions 1-4 of this section and then go to another premise.

2. Main material of the exterior walls
This information is obtained by direct observation or from the respondent.

[A graphic of question 2, from section 2 of the census form, is included here.]

Section B: Housing questionnaire

II. Characteristics of the dwelling unit

(a) Type of external walls

14. Characteristics of the Dwelling Unit
91. The characteristics to record here are those of the building inhabited by the head of household, namely: the type of exterior walls and roof, the layout/appearance of the terrain; type of lightings and water use and supply.

92. The census enumerator will observe directly (or will ask questions about) the type of external walls of the building or of the apartment inhabited by the household head (CM), then will check the appropriate box.

1. Main material of the walls

[] 1 Masonry or cement
[] 2 Wood
[] 3 Wood slats (clissage) and mud mortar
[] 4 Wood slats (clissage) without mud mortar
[] 5 Wood from boxes
[] 6 Other (specify) ________

A. Building Characteristics

A building may include one or many dwellings. The building characteristics are only indicated for the first dwelling. Thus if a building is comprised of 4 dwellings, fill in the 'principal building material of walls' and 'principal building material of roofs' headings for dwelling number 1 only; i.e. the household whose visitation order in the building is 01. Do not write any information for dwelling 2, 3 or 4, i.e. for households whose visitation order in the household is 02, 03 or 04.

1. Main Construction Material of the Walls.

a) Masonry or Cement: this category includes all construction of the type commonly described in Haiti as 'walled house'. The exterior portions are built of the following materials: stone, cement or concrete; stone blocks, earthen bricks, bricks made of sand and cement, concrete. Multi-storey houses whose ground floor is of masonry and upper floor is of wood or wood and masonry are also considered as masonry constructions, even if the exterior sides of the upper floor are covered in galvanized sheet-metal.

b) Wood: This category includes all houses whose exterior portions are made of wood, even if they are covered in galvanized sheet metal.

c) Wood Slats and Mud Mortar: This type of building is very widespread in the countryside and includes all small houses and huts which are not completely finished but are nonetheless lived in by a household. These constructions are built of flexible wooden slats covered by a sort of earthen mortar.

d) Wood Slats without Mud Mortar: This type of building is also very widespread in the countryside and includes all small houses and huts which are not completely finished but are nonetheless lived in by a household. These constructions are made of flexible wooden slats only.

pg 18

e) Wood from Boxes: This category includes all small houses whose exterior portions are covered with wooden boxes (codfish boxes, soap boxes, etc.). This type of construction is common in the suburbs.

f) Other: Put all buildings which do not correspond to any of the above categories in the "Other" category. Specify the materials used, as in the case of huts made of tâche, arbors which have been covered by branches, etc. Always make sure you specify the type of construction placed in this category.

2. What is the main building material of the walls?

[] 01 Wood/planks
[] 02 Dirt
[] 03 Cement/cement blocks
[] 04 Sheet metal
[] 05 Cardboard/plastic
[] 06 Brick/stone/rock
[] 07 Wood slats [clisse]
[] 08 Other

For all occupied dwellings
[Questions 1-8 were asked of occupied dwellings]

2. Predominant material in the exterior walls

Cell number 2: predominant material in the exterior walls
A material is said to be predominant when it is in the greatest proportion in the construction; for example: for a house with exterior walls made partly of rock, but mostly of stick and mud, box number 2, "adobe or stick and mud" is marked.

Box number 1 is marked if any of the following materials, or a combination, are predominant in the construction: bricks, rocks, reinforced concrete, or cinder blocks.

One box should be marked according to the predominant material. Box number 4 should be marked if the material is not found in any of the three previous categories, the name of the material should also be written down; e.g. sticks or boards, leaves, manaca, bamboo, cardboard, etcetera.

Chapter II Dwelling Information

2. Predominant material in the exterior walls of the dwelling

2. Predominant material in the exterior walls of the dwelling
The enumerator should identify the type of material used in construction of the exterior walls: façade, lateral walls, and back wall.

Mark an "X" in the corresponding circle.

[A graphic contains an illustration of the eight types of materials: brick, stone, cement block, adobe, wood, cane with earth, stick or cane, and waste materials]

Reminder: If more than one material is used in a dwelling, the predominating material is recorded. The same procedure applies to the identification of materials in roofs and floors. If the proportion is equal, the most valuable material is recorded.

Section B. Information about the Dwelling

Construction materials of the dwelling:

2. What is the predominant material of the exterior walls of the dwelling?

Construction materials of the dwelling

Question 2: What is the predominant material of the exterior walls of the dwelling?
If the construction material of the majority of the exterior walls is visible, mark the answer through observation. If the opposite is the case, ask the question making emphasis that it is the material that is predominant in the construction.

[Illustration is omitted]

Household and living unit information

4. Exterior wall material

6.9. Questions 4, 5 and 6: Wall, roof and floor
6.9.1. Concept and definition
Wall is defined as an external wall of the building where the household resides. For multiple story houses, the roof is defined as the ceiling except for at the highest floor.

6.9.2. Procedure
Fill in Questions 4, 5 and 6, part II, Questionnaire F1, of what material the wall, roof, and floor of the household residence are made of?
If the materials used for the wall, roof or floor consists of more than one type, fill in the material most used. If the use of materials is the same, then choose the material that has the largest amount.

B. Economic condition of the household

Ask the head of household or other eligible respondent. Circle the code of the correct answer.

B4. What is the main building material of the wall?

B4. and B5. Type of construction materials used for walls and floors

This question refers to the respondent's living quarters and it is concerned with the entire residence, which may be all or part of a building that is utilized by the household for its residence. Circle the one code that is appropriate for the construction material used for the walls and floors of the residence of this household. If the material used for the wall or the floor consists of more than one type, then select the material type that has been used most. If the different material types have been used about the same, then select the material type of greater value.

6. Primary construction material of wall

[] 1 Brick
[] 2 Wood
[] 3 Bamboo
[] 4 Other

[Province codes for questions 7 and 10 in block VII.A. and question 1 in code VII.B.1 are not presented here]

Q.7 Main material of wall

Question 6, 7 and 8: The type of construction materials used for the roof, walls and floor is asked in these questions. If more than one type of material is used for any of these, the material used for the majority of the area of the roof, walls, and floor is the one to be recorded. For multi-story buildings, the roof is the top-most cover of the highest story of the building (outside), whereas walls and floor are those found in the census unit where the living quarters of the household is located.

The roof is the top-most cover of a building, so that the people living under the roof will be sheltered from sun, rain, etc.

Look at the walls of the respondent's living quarters. A wall is the outside boundary/divider with another building or the exterior of the building. The interior walls which divide the living quarters into rooms are not considered.

6. Type of outside wall (majority):

[] 1 Concrete
[] 2 Wood
[] 3 Bamboo
[] 4 Other

Question 5, 6, and 7: Type of roof, wall, and floor
If the roof/walls/floor is made from several types of materials, record the most used material. For a [multi]-story building, the roof is the uppermost part; outside walls and floor are what constitute a census building for a household.

A roof is what covers the top part of a building so that people living beneath it are protected from the sun, rain etc.
Walls are the outsides/borders of a building or what divides the house from other buildings. A room divider is not considered an outside wall.

Circle the appropriate code type for roof, wall and floor of the building based on Question 5, Question 6, and Question 7

IV. Household information

410. Primary construction material of outer wall

6.4. Block IV. Household characteristics
This block is used to record the household characteristics, such as household income one year ago, type of physical building, status of residence ownership also other household facilities.

Questions 409 to 411: Type of roof, walls and floor
If the roof/walls/floor is made from several types of materials, record the most used material. For a two story building the roof is the uppermost part (outside), and for the walls and floor, this is what exists in a census building of a household.

A roof is what covers the top part of a building so that people living beneath it are protected from the sun, rain, etc.

Walls are the outside/border of a building or that which divides it from other buildings. A room divider is not considered as an outside wall.

Circle the appropriate code for the type of roof, wall and floor of the building based on P409, P410 and P411.

517. Primary construction material of outer wall.

[] 1 Brick
[] 2 Wood
[] 3 Bamboo
[] 4 Other (specify) ____

Question 517: Construction material of the walls
Look at the walls of the respondent's living quarters. A wall is the outside boundary / divider with another building or the exterior of the building. The interior walls which divide the living quarters into rooms are not considered. If the enumerator can see only a small part of the wall, then ask the respondent for the construction material used for the part of the wall that cannot be seen. If several types of construction materials have been used, make a simple estimate to determine which material was used most. Circle the appropriate code for the construction material most widely used for the walls. Wall types are classified according to the type of material use, that is: brick, wood, bamboo, and other.

[p. 84]

Brick wall is a wall made from red brick, concrete blocks (pressed, chalk, or gypsum), or concrete and usually coated with plaster.

Wooden wall is wall made of wooden boards, plywood and other similar materials.

Bamboo wall is a wall made from bamboo, woven from the outer layer of the bamboo.

Others are wall types that cannot be classified into one of the above-mentioned categories; for example, glass, plastic, nipah (similar to a small palm) leaf, etc.

In certain areas there are walls made from woven bamboo mats which have a wooden frame which are approximately 1 meter x 1 meter and then coated with plaster. This type of wall is categorized as a bamboo wall. In other areas there are also walls made from bricks with wood studs placed every 1 to 1.5 meters apart and plastered. This type of wall is classified as a brick wall.

Questions 42-55 should be filled out for collective and normal settled households.

Questions 45-55 should be filled out for households residing in Conventional residential unit (number 1 in Question 44)

52. Type of housing unit's framework

53. Principal construction materials used in the housing unit

30. General explanation about questions 41 through 56
Fill question 41 only for normal settled households and leave it blank for other households. But fill questions 42 to 55 also for collective households in addition to normal settled ones.
Note: For those normal settled and collective households for which you filled more than one sheet of questionnaire, fill these questions along with question 56 only on the first sheet and leave them blank on other sheets.

35. General explanation about Questions 45 through 55
Fill these questions only for those households who live in a conventional residential unit (box 1 question 44) and leave it blank for households living in other types of units.

43. Type of housing unit's framework, Question 52
Ask the type of the structure of the building and mark the proper box. If the respondent is not able to identify the type of structure, help them with the following comments:
A unit's framework/structure is the joint complex (bases and columns and beams, etc.) that holds the housing unit.
In this census, the structures are categorized as follow:
[] 10, Metal: if the framework is set with iron beams, mark box 1. In this type, the beams are jointed and make an integrated framework which holds the weight of the structure.
Some visual features of a building with metal framework are as follows:

[] 20, Armed concrete: if the framework is made of armed concrete (concrete with reinforcement and bars) and is holding the weight of the structure, mark box 2. The most important features of an armed concrete frame are as follows:

[] 30, Other: if the framework does not match the above mentioned ones, mark box 3, such as for buildings with a ceiling where metal has been used and has porter walls. In such buildings:

44. Principle construction materials used in the housing unit, Question 53
Fill this column only for the units for which you marked box 3 (other) in question 52 and leave it blank for other housing units. Ask the principle materials used in building walls and the ceiling of the housing unit and identify its type based on the following comments, marking one of the 1 to 8 boxes.
[] 31, Brick and iron, or stone and iron: in buildings made of brick and iron or stone and iron, the ceiling is made of iron beams and brick and the walls are made of brick or stone. The walls (instead of the metal columns in metal framed buildings) hold the weight of the structure. Therefore, these buildings are also called iron and brick (barrel vault) or stone and brick with porter walls. The walls are usually thicker than that of metal framed buildings.
[] 32, Brick and wood, or stone and wood: in buildings made of brick and wood or stone and wood, the ceiling is made of wood, lumber and brick, and the porter walls are of brick or stone. Therefore the weight of the ceiling transfers to the walls through the joints of columns and walls and the walls hold the weight of the building.
[] 33, Concrete blocks (with any type of ceiling): in these structures, concrete blocks are used in the walls. In the ceiling, joist or wood is used.
[] 34, Bricks only or stone and brick: in the walls and ceiling of these structures, brick or stone and brick are mainly used. The ceiling is built in a manner that enables it to not use iron beams or wood like domes.
[] 35, Wood only: in these structures which are more popular in humid areas, wood is largely used.
[] 36, Sun-dried brick and wood: the main material used in this kind of building is sun-dried brick. In these structures, sun-dried bricks and wood are used in the ceiling and sun-dried bricks or sun-dried bricks and wood together are used in the walls.
[] 37, Sun-dried brick and clay: these structures are mostly built by sun-dried bricks and the clay is used to keep the bricks together.
[] 38, Other: if the main material used in the building is none of the above mentioned, mark box 8.
Note: The materials used for the finished look of the building are not considered as the main material.

[The following instructions apply to questions 16 to 26]
Fill for each household living alone in the residential unit, if occupied by more than one household, only one of the households should respond.

17. Wall construction material

17. Kind of material used in constructing the walls of the residential unit:
Indicated by the sign (x) in square opposite to the kind of material used in constructing the walls of the residential unit. If the walls of this unit constructed by bricks a sign is put in the square (1) opposite to the word (bricks) but if the walls are constructed with concrete blocks from ready construction, the sign is put in the square (4) opposite to the phrase (concrete blocks from ready construction). If the walls of the residential unit constructed with more than one material, for example bricks and stone the main material used in constructing the walls of the residential unit is taken for fixing the material used in constructing the walls of the residential unit, the sign (x) is put in the correct square. If the household resides in a residential unit its walls constructed with material not mentioned in the questionnaire the sign (x) is put in the square (6) opposite to the word (others) and so on but if the kind residential unit (in field 16) a tent or a hair house (square 4) the material for construction is not indicated in this field.
Note: Field (18) is limited only on the residential units constructed with bricks or stone or block or concrete blocks from ready construction or mud and the data is not collected from huts, tents, hair houses and the like.

Type of Housing Unit - Columns 14 - 17: These columns will be completed in all cases where a building has been identified as a housing unit. The codes to be used are listed on the Visitation Record.

Column 14 is for Type of Housing Unit, Column 15 for year of Construction, Column 16 for Material of Outer Walls and Column 17 for Occupancy Status of Dwellings. Each of these four columns has its own coding scheme and these are given at the bottom of Section 3.

2.2. What is the main type of material used in constructing the outer walls?

[] Concrete including blocks
[] Stone
[] Brick
[] Nog
[] Wattle/Adobe
[] Wood
[] Wood and concrete
[] Wood and brick
[] Other
[] Not stated

5.23 Question 2.2 Material of Outer Walls
This question refers to the material of which the outer walls of the housing unit are made. Although this may be completed from your own observation, you may in some instances need to enquire from the householder whether or not the walls are reinforced.

Concrete and Blocks - include here walls of concrete blocks with steel reinforcement but not nogging. Include units made of 'prefabricated' material in this category.

Stone - this applies where walls are made of stone.

Brick - this is when walls are made of red bricks, made by a kiln burning process.

Nog - this applies where the walls are of concrete but without steel reinforcement e.g. walls reinforced by wooden frames with concrete filling.

Wattle/Adobe - this applies where the walls are some kind of wattle structure, i.e. pure wattle walls, wattle and thatch walls and wattle daubed with earth plaster; (wattle is comprised of sticks interwoven into a network).

Wood - this applies if the walls are made solely of wood.

Wood and Concrete - this applies if both wood and concrete as described above are used.

Wood and Brick - this applies for housing units where the materials used are both wood and bricks (as described above).

Other - include here all other types of wall construction material not described above.

2.2 What is the main type of material used in constructing the outer walls?

[] 1 Concrete and blocks
[] 2 Stone and brick
[] 3 Nog
[] 4 Wattle/adobe
[] 5 Wood
[] 6 Wood and concrete
[] 7 Wood and brick
[] 8 Other
[] 9 Not stated

Section 2: Characteristics of housing units

5.17 Question 2.2: Material of outer walls

136. Type of dominant materials of outside walls of the building

[] 1 Cut stone
[] 2 Cut stone and concrete
[] 3 Concrete
[] 4 Cement bricks
[] 5 Mud bricks and stone
[] 6 Asbestos, wood zinc
[] 7 Hair, wool, cloth
[] 8 Other (specify) ____

Dominant construction material for external walls. It is one of the following materials:
[] 1 Cut Stones: It is required that there will be three facades of the cut stones at least.
[] 2 Cut stone and reinforced concrete: It is required that there is one or two sides of stone and the rest is concrete.
[] 3 Reinforced concrete
[] 4 Cement bricks
[] 5 Mud bricks, mud and stones
[] 6 Asbestos, zinc, wood
[] 7 Hair, wool, and fabric.
[] 8 Others

Question 136 - type of the construction material that is dominant in the external walls:
This question concerns the dominant building material used for building the external walls of the building. This is considered as an approximating indicator of the expected age of the building. The enumerator should, therefore, be very accurate in filling out the data of this question. The type of the construction material is:

[Page 47]

H.12. Wall

State whether:

[] 1 Stone
[] 2 Brick/block
[] 3 Mud/wood
[] 4 Mud/cement
[] 5 Wood only
[] 6 Iron sheets
[] 7 Grass/reeds
[] 8 Other

Columns H11 - H13 - Construction materials of the main residential structure

174. Code in column H11 the construction materials used to build the roof. Use code '1' for roofs with iron sheets, '4' for asbestos sheets, etc.

175. Code in column H12 the construction materials used to build the wall. Use code '3' for mud/wood, etc.

176. Code in column H13 the construction material used to build the floor. Use code '3' for wood, '1' for cement, '2' for earth, etc.

H-14. Wall

[] 1. Stone
[] 2. Brick/block
[] 3. Mud/wood
[] 4. Mud/cement
[] 5. Wood only
[] 6. Corrugated iron sheets
[] 7. Grass/reeds
[] 8. Tin
[] 9. Other

Columns H13-15: Construction materials of the main dwelling unit.

Code in column H13 the construction materials used to build the roof e.g. code "1" for roof with corrugated iron sheets, "4" for Asbestos sheets etc. Tiles include clay, wooden tiles, fibre and cement, etc.

106.Code in column H14 the construction materials used to build the walls e.g. code "3" for mud/wood etc.

107. Code in column H15 the construction material used to build the floor e.g. code "1" for cement, "4" for earth, "3" for wood, "1" tiles. Tiles include wooden tiles. Wood means wooden planks.

H-22. Wall

[] 1 Stone
[] 2 Brick/block
[] 3 Mud/wood
[] 4 Mud/cement
[] 5 Wood only
[] 6 Corrugated iron sheets
[] 7 Grass/reeds
[] 8 Tin
[] 9 Other (specify)

- Section J: Housing conditions and amenities. This section covers columns H18 to H27 on housing conditions and amenities. These questions are to be posed to the Head of the Household or any other responsible person.

39.5 Columns H22: Dominant construction material of walls for main dwelling unit

Code in column H22 the construction materials used to build the walls e.g. code "3" for mud/wood etc. Consider the main material that bears the weight of the roof. Code "9" for mud/dung.

Questions 1 -- 5 to be completed for residential buildings
[Questions 1-5]

3. Wall materials of premises

I. Housing characteristics

26-28. Which type of building materials are used for the dwelling unit?

27. Wall

Section G: Housing characteristics
Responses to questions 21 to 25 and 27 to 29 are pre-coded. Tick the box for the correct response.

Questions regarding building material, question 23 - 25
The purpose of these questions is to collect information on the type of housing occupied by the household, defined by the type of material used for the construction of roof, walls and floor for the household's dwelling unit. Tick the appropriate box, only one alternative is allowed per question

Question 24: Wall material

I. Dwelling characteristics

What are the main building materials used for this dwelling?

4.10. Section I: Household's characteristics
Section I is for individual households. The household group is not included in this section.

Question Q50, Q51, Q52: What construction materials were used to build the current house?
The purpose is to collect information on the type of construction materials used to build the household:

 
The record is based on the answers of the interviewee and the actual observation of the surveyor by highlighting in black the box of the answer code as specified in the questionnaire.

Section H. Housing characteristics and household possessions

55. Main material of construction of walls of the main type of house

Part H of the questionnaire
Housing Characteristics and Household Possessions (for the household head)

126. Column 55: Main material of construction of walls of the main type of house.

H04. Outer walls

Main construction materials used for:

Main construction materials used for:

D04. What is the main material used for the wall?

[] 1 Burnt bricks
[] 2 Unburnt bricks
[] 3 Concrete
[] 4 Mud / wattle / dung
[] 5 Reeds / straw
[] 6 Wood / planks
[] 8 Other

[Questions A2-9 were asked of living quarters built or converted for living.]

A2. Construction material of outer walls

Question A2
[Question A2 of the enumeration form is not presented here.]

Purpose
This question is to find out the main construction material used for the outer walls of the Living Quarters.

Definition
The main construction material refers to at least 40% of the total material used for the outer walls.

For category "Brick and Plank" (Code 3), a combination of these two materials should constitute at least 40% of the outer walls.

The category "Others" (Code 4) refers to other materials e.g., zinc, attap, bamboo, etc.

How to ask the question
This question need not be asked. The answer may be obtained by observation.

How to record the answer

Mark "X" in the relevant box.

[Questions A2-9 were asked of living quarters which were built or converted for living.]

A2. Construction material of outer walls

4. Wall materials

[] Hard material
[] Semi-hard
[] Adobe
[] Wood or straw
[] Other material

4. Material of the Walls

Here you describe the materials used for the exterior walls of the dwelling. [If] the dwelling itself is composed of one or several buildings, you will need to decide which building to describe. There are two possibilities:

a. The household's dwelling is a single building, in which case this is the building to describe.

b. The household's dwelling is composed of several independent buildings. In this case choose the building which you judge to be the principal building, basing your decision on, for example, the criterion of durability. However, the building must be used for housing to be thus chosen. Once you have chosen the building, try to determine the materials which make up the exterior walls, or ask the head of household. The options are: hard, semi-hard, adobe ; wood or straw; other. The definitions are as follows:

- Hard: The walls are considered hard when they are made of brick or stone or cement, or if they are made of concrete (a mix or cement and gravel or stone) whether or not they are covered with cement.
- Semi-hard: The walls are considered semi-hard when they are made of adobe bricks which have been well-covered with cement.
- Adobe: The walls are considered to be of adobe when they are made of adobe bricks, whether or not they are covered/plastered with adobe.
- Wood or straw: These walls are made of straw, wood, bamboo, leaves, palm leaves, braided plants, etc..., covered or not by adobe or cement.
- Other Walls which do not have the above characteristics fall into this category.

Refer to the above definitions to ask the head of household the following question: "What are your walls made of?" Check off the corresponding box:

Example 1: The head of household says the walls in question are made of a mixture of cement and gravel. The walls are covered in cement and whitewashed.

Question 4 is then filled out as follows:

Question 4 - Wall material

[x] Hard
[] Semi-hard
[] Adobe
[] Wood or Straw
[] Other

[Page 46]
Example 2: The building to be documented is a tent:
Question 4 - Wall material

[] Hard
[] Semi-hard
[] Adobe
[] Wood or Straw
[x] Other

Example 3: The building in question has adobe brick walls covered in adobe.
Question 4 - Wall material

[] Hard
[] Semi-hard
[x] Adobe
[] Wood or Straw
[] Other

NB: The question on wall materials also pertains to institutional households. However, the dwellings of ordinary households situated on the same grounds as institutions should be documented separately on an ordinary Housing Form.

Section "D": Housing

5. Wall materials

1.4. Housing

This second part is devoted to housing, and aims at listing all housing units for the households at time of the census, at gathering information on building characteristics, and to obtain indicators on the conditions in which the population is housed.

3. Column H17: Main wall materials

The aim is to describe the materials utilized for the external wall of the dwelling unit. If the dwelling unit itself is composed of several buildings, then a question is about the choice of the building to describe.

Two cases do exist:

Possible cases selected are:


[Page 41]

The definitions are the following:


Ask the following question to the household head: "What are the materials used for the construction of the walls?"

Refer to the above definitions, and circle the number corresponding to the given answer.

Example 1. The household head says that the building was made of a mix of cement and gravel. The walls are covered with cement, and whitewashed. COLUMN H17 is therefore filled in by circling number (1): Hard walls

Example 2: The building to be described is a tent. One must then circle number (5): Other material.

Example 3: The building to be described is made of mud bricks, covered with a mud coating.
Here, one shall circle number (3): Adobe
N.B: Institutional households are also concerned with the question on wall material. However, the dwelling units of the private households located within the same yard as these institutions shall be considered separately, on a private household census form.

Circle the code that applies or record the appropriate code in the space provided. If there is a plot occupied by a single household, use the characteristics of the main building (without including the number of rooms)

H3) Main material of walls

6.2.6.3 Main material of walls (Column H3)
The purpose of this question is to describe the main material used for the exterior walls of the dwelling. The dwelling may be made up of one or more buildings, the agent must choose the main material.

When the dwelling of a household consists of a single building, there is no challenge.

When dwelling of a household consists of several independent units, the agent must choose the building he considers to be the main building, referring primarily to buildings for residential use then the criterion of durability.

The agent asks the question: "What is the main construction material of the walls?"and records the code corresponding to the answer.

[Omitted example]

If the structure is a tent, the agent records code "5" (Other) in the box provided for this purpose and marked "tent" in full letters on the corresponding line.

Instructions: "Makeshift" shelters, that is to say, precarious dwellings with walls that are made partially or completely of sheet metal or cardboard should be classified as "other specify." The agent records in full words: "makeshift shelter in sheet metal" or "makeshift shelter in cardboard" on the corresponding line.

48. Principal material of the walls. Examples: Abode, wood, partitions, clay-covered sticks, boards, blocks of light material, Quarried stone, etc.

____

Column 47-57. These columns are for the dwelling or house that the family occupies. Therefore, the answers will only be written in the row for the head of household.

Column 47: If the family that lives in the dwelling is the homeowner, make an X. If not, leave the column blank.

Characteristics of the dwelling

Column 47. If the dwelling or house which the family inhabits is their own property, mark with an (X). If they do not own it, leave it blank.

Column 48. Write in the name of the material of which the walls of the dwelling or house are predominantly made. Examples: adobe, brick, clay, wood, etc.

Column 49. In column 49, write the number of usable rooms that are in the house or dwelling in which the family lives, without including the kitchen, bathroom, or hallways. Also, do not include the rooms that are not dedicated to inhabitation or other domestic services, such as commerce rooms, storerooms, consultation rooms, etc. Only count the rooms earmarked as bedrooms, dining rooms, living rooms, libraries, sewing rooms, and rooms for washing and ironing clothes. Any place which is used as a dormitory should be counted as a room, even when it has another use during the day. In a case in which two or more families live in a single habitation, the number of usable rooms that should be written in this column corresponds to each head of family, depending on which rooms that family effectively occupies. In this way, the sum of the rooms occupied by the two or more families is the same as the total number of rooms in the dwelling.

Wall materials

What is the principal material used in the walls? Mark with an X

[ ] 3 Adobe
[ ] 4 Brick, block, stone, and similar [ ] 4
[ ] 5 Wood
[ ] 6 Mud
[ ] 7 Other materials

Wall material

Make an X in the circle in front of the material with which the majority or all of the walls of the dwelling are constructed. Only mark that which is predominant.

1. Walls

What material are most of the outer walls made of in this dwelling? Mark with an X one circle only.

[ ] 1 Cardboard sheet
[ ] 2 Reed, bamboo or palm
[ ] 3 Clay or clay covered sticks
[ ] 4 Wood
[ ] 5 Metal or asbestos sheets
[ ] 6 Adobe
[ ] 7 Brick, block, stone or cement
[ ] 8 Not specified

Characteristics of the dwelling

The series of questions found on page two of the questionnaire will permit you to find out the principal characteristics of the dwellings: the materials that they are made out of, the number of rooms that the dwelling consists of and the use the rooms are given, the available services, ownership of the dwelling and the cooking fuel that they use.

1. Walls and 2. Roofs

In these questions, what is important is to know the foundational construction materials, so you should pay attention that the answer given by the informant does not correspond to the material that covers the walls. If the roof or walls of the dwelling are built with more than one material, you should note only the most dominant.

1.1 Walls
What material is the largest part of the walls of this dwelling?

[] 1 Waste material
[] 2 Cardboard sheets
[] 3 Asbestos or metal sheets
[] 4 Reed, bamboo or palm
[] 5 Mud or adobe
[] 6 Wood
[] 7 Adobe
[] 8 Brick, concrete block, stone rock from a quarry or cement

1.1 Walls

With this question the principal material that the walls of a dwelling are made of is identified.

[graphic of the question from the census form]

[p. 64]

The question has eight answer options; circle a code according to the declared material.

When walls are made of different materials, register the one that predominates. If the amount of these materials is equal, then write down the one of lesser quality. The options appear from lesser to better quality.

So, the waste or thrown out material is classified as lesser quality because it includes cardboard, rubber, tin, plastic and other waste materials.

In some certain zones, some of the materials of the classification are known by other terms. For example, "embarro" or "bajareque" also are known as "enjarre" [adobe]. On the other hand, some materials that do not appear can be declared; in these cases circle the most similar option, according to the nature and quality. For example, if the walls are made of couite wood, register the option "Reed bamboo or palm" which is a similar material. If at this moment you do not know what material from the list is similar to what is declared, write down the exact name in observations, later investigate what is similar and circle the corresponding option.

When an informant does not understand the question, read the options until getting an affirmative answer.

1. Walls
What material are most of the outer walls made of in this dwelling?
Circle only one answer.

1 Waste material
2 Cardboard sheet
3 Metal or asbestos sheets
4 Reed, bamboo or palm
5 Clay or clay covered sticks
6 Wood
7 Adobe
8 Brick, block, stone or cement

5.1 Dwelling Characteristics

The purpose of this section is to gain knowledge of all the construction materials, the number of rooms, and the services which the dwelling has, as well as other characteristics.

In the case of refuges, do not ask the characteristics of the dwelling. Initiate the interview in section II. Residents, households, and lists of persons.

I. Dwelling Characteristics
[Questions 1-19 were not asked of mobile dwellings, shelter and premises not intended for habitation]

1. Walls
What is the material that most of the walls of this dwelling are made of?

6.3 Section I. Housing characteristics

In this section, instructions will be presented for the questions that investigate the characteristics of the private inhabited dwellings.

If the class of the private inhabited dwellings is a premise not intended for inhabitation, a mobile dwelling, a shelter, or a collective dwelling, don't apply this section. Start the interview with the section II, List of People.

1. Walls, 2. Roof, 3. Floor
The first two questions identify the basic materials with which the walls and roof of the dwelling are constructed, and in the case of the floor, identify if it has covering.

Waste material consists of pieces of cardboard, rubber, tires, and containers among others.

• Circle the code [for the] material that is similar; if the response is a material that is not on the list of options, clarify with the informer mentioning the possible responses.
• When the informer indicates that [the roof and/or walls] are made with two or more distinct materials, mention that [the question] deals with the [material] that covers the greater part. In the case that they are found [to be] in the same proportion, circle the code that corresponds to the first option.

1. Walls
What is the type of material that comprises the majority of the walls of this dwelling?
[Circle one code]

1. Walls
The question identifies the predominant basic material used to build the walls of the house.

[Figures are omitted]

Note that waste material comprises pieces of cardboard, rubber, tires, among others. The option "Ceramic partition, brick, cement block, stone, stone veneer, cement, or concrete" includes walls made of prefabricated materials; such are the panels, which are based on cement or concrete.

If the walls are made with two or more different materials, ask for the predominant material; in case you find two or more materials in the same proportion, select the first appearing in the options of response.

In some places, building materials can be called with different names; if you know them, mention those names to support the informant.

I. Characteristics of the housing unit

1. Walls: What material are most of the walls of this housing unit made of?

15. Extended questionnaire
This section of the questionnaire contains the questions you must apply in the households you have registered as: Single house on the land, house sharing land with other(s); duplex house; apartment in a building; housing unit in neighborhood or tenement and housing unit in the rooftop room of a building. That is, with classes 1 to 6 of private housing unit class.

15.1 Section I. Characteristics of the housing unit
The questions cover the following topics:

I. Construction features
1. Walls
The question identifies the predominant basic material with which the walls of the housing unit are constructed.

Take into account that the waste material includes pieces of cardboard, rubber, tires, etc.

The option partition wall, brick, block, stone, quarry, cement or concrete "includes the walls from prefabricated materials; for example, panels that are based on cement or concrete.

[p. 216]

[Figure omitted: image with text]

If the walls are made from two or more different materials, ask for the predominant one; if they are in the same proportions, choose the first one that appears in the answer options.

The following image shows some examples of wall material; from left to right we can see: two images of waste material, cardboard sheeting, metal sheeting, palm, and bajareque.

[p. 217]

[Images omitted]

The walls question is presented in the Census Manager as follows:

[Figure omitted: image with text]

26. Wall material

[] 1 Stone or bricks, with cement
[] 2 Stone, with dried earth
[] 3 Stone, without cement or earth
[] 4 Adobe
[] 5 Wood, iron sheets, branches, reeds
[] 6 Other material

26. Basic construction material
[This is question 25 for rural dwellings]

a. Walls:

Basic construction material
[Questions 24a-b]

Q24a. Walls

Housing record

Basic construction material
[Questions 24a-b]

Q24a. Walls

Household living conditions

L03. Wall materials

Section E: Characteristics and Condition of the Dwelling
Enumerator: Fill out the Enumeration Form using the question about the dwelling. If there is more than one household within the dwelling, fill out questions 1-11 only, for the first household.

[Questions 4 through 6 were asked those in private dwellings]

5. The walls of the dwelling are made of:

E5. The dwelling was built with walls of:

Read the question and each of the alternatives. Wait for an answer. Mark with an X the number corresponding to the predominant material in the construction of the house exterior walls. The following types of walls construction materials were considered: concrete block, brick, wood/zinc, adobe, reed/sticks/bamboo/palm, weaved sticks (mud and wattle), tin/cardboard/paper/canvas/bark, other materials.

There should be only one answer.

Housing characteristics

38. Main construction material of the housing unit

Wall

Household Information

[2.2] Outer wall

Household information

Question 2: what type of construction has the house the family is using now?
House generally means the dwelling place having one or more than one room or floor, with outer wall either of concrete or mud wall with raw materials, having a roof and are using by the people for dwelling purpose.

House can be of different sizes, kinds, and types. Some houses may not have a wall. Some houses are constructed by/beside the wall of other houses (for support) or by/touching the hill or elevated land. In some cases, two houses are constructed dividing them with a wall in the middle. There would be a main door to enter and exit from the house. For the purpose of the enumeration, all these types of dwellings where families are living, including hut, home, building, mansion, flat can be understood as a house. The house might belongs to self or others. If the family has used more than one house for dwelling purpose, the information should be taken from the main house which is in good condition from the perspective of dwelling. If any family is living in rent and have put their house in rent to somebody else or even if the house is vacant during the enumeration period, then the information should be taken from the house or rental space where they are living at the time of enumeration.

[p. 24]

Generally the type of construction of any house depends on the overall structure of the house including construction materials used in/for foundation, outer walls and roof, the floor/stories of the house and the life of the house. In the question, the types of the construction of a house has been determined based on the structure like foundation, outer wall, roof, number of floors/stories, and the year of construction of the house.

2.2 Outer wall

While determining the outer wall of a house, it should be done based on the materials used for the construction of outer wall of the house. If more than one materials are used, then taking the main construction materials as a base and accordingly should circle the appropriate reference. The outer wall of a house has been described as follows:

Mud bonded brick/stone - If the outer wall of a house has used stone, brick, cement block etc. and they are bonded with mud, such wall should be considered the wall with mud bonded brick/stone.

Cement bonded brick/stone- If the outer wall of a house has used stone, brick, cement block etc. and they are bonded with cement, such wall is considered cement bonded brick/stone wall.

Wood/plank- If the outer wall of a house is made with wood or plank, such wall is considered wooden/planked wall.

Bamboo materials - If the outer wall of a house has been made with bamboo or bamboo related materials, such wall is considered as bamboo made wall.

Unbaked brick - If the outer wall of a house is made with raw or unbacked bricks, such wall is considered unbaked brick wall.

Others - If the outer wall of a house is made with materials other than stated above, e.g. plastic, tree leaves, thatch, straw, tarpaulin, such should be specified in the category of others.

To specify the outer wall of a house, if the outer wall of a house is mud bonded brick/stone, circle the reference 1, if it is cement bonded brick/stone, circle the reference 2, if it is wooden/planked circle reference 3, if it is from bamboo materials, circle reference 4, if it is of unbaked brick, circle 5 and besides these, if the outer wall is made with other materials, circle the reference 6 and specify the materials.

5. In the exterior walls

[] 1 Brick, cement block or concrete
[] 2 Wood
[] 3 Adobe
[] 4 Quarry stone
[] 5 Taquezal (wattle)
[] 6 Barul (type of wooden cane), cane, or palm
[] 7 Other

Questions #5, 6, and 7

Predominant construction materials

a. How to carry out the investigation
This topic refers to the type of materials used most in the construction of the exterior walls, the roof, as well as the material that covers most of the floor of the dwelling.

b. How to record the data
An "X" is marked in one of the boxes according to the predominant material used: in the walls (question 5), in the roof (question 6), and in the floor (question 7) of the dwelling. Only one box is marked for each question.

c. Example:

[These instructions refer to a graph of questions 5, 6, and 7 on the census form]

Characteristics of the dwelling

Material of the external walls
3. What is the predominant material of the exterior walls?

Question 3: Predominant material of the walls
You should consider only the exterior walls of the dwelling. What is important is the base material of the construction and not the covering. In this question you should mark only one of the boxes. If in the dwelling there is more than one material, you should mark the predominant material.

1. Clay brick or blocks
The wall of clay brick or blocks is constructed with sand and cement in a metal framework. This can be covered or not covered.

2. Cement blocks or concrete
This is a dwelling built of concrete blocks, sand, and cement, sustained by columns and beams of concrete.

3. Adobe or taquezal
This wall is made of a base of dirt mixed with grass, sustained primarily with a framework made of wood.

4. Quarried stone
This is a wall that is primarily built with stones extracted from quarried mines.

5. Barul, cane or palm leaves
This type of material is used to build rustic shacks that are primarily located in rural areas.

6. Wood
Generally, these are built with boards that are sustained with a beamed framework.

7. Wood/concrete (mini-skirting)
These are built over a base of concrete that generally makes up to half of the construction, with the upper portion made of wood.

8. Plycem or Nicalit panel
Built primarily with asbestos sheeting, cement panels, or concrete sheeting [Plycem is a specific type of sheeting, roughly translated as concrete plywood]

9. Rubble or discarded materials
This type of material is found primarily in squatted or marginal dwellings and refers to pieces of wood, plastics, cardboard, tin, etc.

10. Other
Any material that is not included in the previous categories, such as metallic sheeting, tarps, etc.

3. What is the predominant construction material of the exterior walls?

[] 01 Cement or concrete blocks
[] 02 Quarried stone
[] 03 Reinforced concrete
[] 04 Concrete slab
[] 05 Panels of Covintec [wire mesh over expanded foam covered with plaster]
[] 06 Drywall
[] 07 Plycem / Nicalit sheeting [sheeting of wood or other fiber]
[] 08 Concrete and wood (mini-skirted)
[] 09 Concrete and other materials
[] 10 Brick or clay blocks
[] 11 Adobe or taquezal [where wooden columns and beams provide structural support for the adobe]
[] 12 Wood
[] 13 Zinc
[] 14 Bamboo / barul / cane / palm
[] 15 Concrete waste or discarded materials
[] 16 Other

Dwelling building materials
The most important thing is to find out the basic material of the exterior walls of the dwelling, and not the covering.

Definitions

Panels of Covintec
This is a poroplast panel combined with a high-resistance steel mesh and covered with a mix of cement and sand.

Drywall
This is a laminate made from a base of plasterboard.

Concrete and wood (mini-skirted)
This is any dwelling constructed on a base of concrete, stone, quarried stone or mud brick which generally makes up the bottom half of the building, with the top half being made of wood.

Concrete and other materials
This is any dwelling constructed on a base of concrete, quarried stone or mud brick which generally makes up the bottom half of the construction, with the top half being made of zinc, Plycem or any other material except wood.

Question 3. What is the predominant construction material of the exterior walls?

Mark an "X" next to the option stated by the informant.

Keep in mind that if there is more than one material in the walls of the dwelling, you should mark the material that predominates.

Construction materials

Material of construction
The building material used in construction of the house will be entered in these two columns.

Walls
Outer walls means those outer walls of the building on which the building stands. In many cases, these can be walls surrounding the building and in many cases these can be other than surrounding walls. Fill in this column and relevant to construction material used in walls. For such walls in which thatchwood, sticks or grass or cloth has been used instead of wood or bamboo, the oval others may be filled.

Get data for questions 2 - 14 only for an occupied dwelling

2. Predominant material in the exterior walls of the building:

Question 2 Predominant material in the exterior walls of the building:

Mark the corresponding box taking into account:

a) This question refers to the building. The building and the dwelling coincide when it concerns a private house. In the cases of room(s) in a block of tenements and in apartments, the building contains many dwellings.
b) The predominant material is what the greatest part of the walls of the building is made from.

[The instructions refer to a graphic of question 2 of the census form.]

In the case of shacks without walls, mark box 5 and make the corresponding observation.

Ask questions 3 through 14 only for those dwellings, with inhabitants present, that are classified in boxes 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 of question number 1, Type of Dwelling.

5. Predominant material in the exterior walls of the building or house

Question 5 Predominant material in the exterior walls of the building or house.

Predominant material is understood to be that which the largest part of the outer walls of the building or house where the dwelling is located is made of.
Mark only one box considering that:

a) This question refers to the building or house.
b) The building and the dwelling coincide when it concerns a private house.
c) In the cases of rooms in tenement houses and apartments, the building contains many dwellings.
d) In the case of hanging shacks or without walls, mark box 5.

5. What is the predominant material in the outside walls of the building or house?

[] 1 Cement block, brick, stone, concrete
[] 2 Fibro-cement, wood (planks, boards)
[] 3 Clay-covered plant fiber (quincha), adobe
[] 4 Straw, palm leaves, cane, sticks
[] 5 Other material or without walls

Questions 3 to 14 only are asked at dwellings with occupants present classified in one of the circles 01 to 05 of question Number 1 "Type of Dwelling".

Explanations with respect to questions 5 and 6:
These two questions, unlike the rest of the section, refer to the building where the dwelling is, that is to say that in the cases in which apartments or tenement houses are being enumerated, the questions refer to the apartment building or the tenement house where the dwelling is located. If an individual house is being enumerated, the building and the dwelling coincide.

Question Number 5: What is the predominant material in the outside walls of the building or house?
Mark a single circle according to the response of the person. If the person has doubts when responding, keep in mind, when explaining to the person, the following:
The walls of the dwelling are understood to be the walls of the front, sides and back.
If more than one material is used in the walls, write down the one most used or predominant.
Example:

[Below the text is a picture of a filled out question.]

6. What is the predominant material in the outside walls of the building or house?

[] 1 Cement block, brick, stone, concrete
[] 2 Wood (planks, boards)
[] 3 Clay-covered plant fiber (quincha), adobe
[] 4 Metal (zinc, aluminum, etc.)
[] 5 Straw, palm leaves, cane, sticks
[] 6 Other materials
[] 7 Without walls

Questions 3 to 15 are only asked at dwellings with occupants present (Circle 1).

Explanations with respect to questions 6 and 7:
These two questions, unlike the rest of the section, refer to the building where the dwelling is, that is to say that in the cases in which apartments or tenement houses are being enumerated, the questions refer to the apartment building or the tenement house where the dwelling is located.

Question No. 6: What is the predominant material in the outside walls of the building or house?

This question should not be filled out from an observation since you only see a part of the dwelling and it can be the case that the dwelling is not constructed from the materials that you observe.
The walls of a dwelling are understood to be the walls of the front, sides and back.
If more than one material is used in the walls, write down the one most used or predominant.
It is important to clarify that this question does not refer to the material with which the walls are covered with like wall paper, but rather the base material: wood, concrete, palm leaves, etc.
Mark a single circle according to the response of the person. If the person has doubts about responding, keep in mind, when clarifying the doubts, what is written above.

5. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls of the building or house?

[] 1 Cement block, brick, stone, concrete
[] 2 Wood (planks, boards)
[] 3 Clay-covered plant fiber (quincha), adobe
[] 4 Metal (zinc, aluminum, among others)
[] 5 Palm leaves, straw, cane or bamboo or sticks
[] 6 Other materials
[] 7 Without walls

Question No. 5: What is the predominant material in the exterior walls of the building or house?
This question should not be filled out by observation, since you only see a part of the dwelling and it might be the case that the dwelling is not constructed from the materials that you observe.
Wall: Construction that starts at the floor and continues vertically and is used to close a space, divide a room from another, protect a zone of the house from the outdoors, or support a roof.
The dwelling walls comprise those in the front, in the sides, and in the back.
If more than one material was used for the walls, register the predominant one.
It is important to clarify that this question is not referred to the material that cover some walls, like wallpaper, but the base material: wood, cement block, palm leaves, among others.
Mark only one circle according to the answer of the respondent. If he/she has doubts when answering, consider, when clarifying them, what was discussed in the preceding paragraph.
It refers to the material from which most of the exterior walls is made, of the building or house where the dwelling is located, such as:
a. Cement block, brick, stone, concrete:

Cement block: It is a prefabricated piece of concrete or cooked ceramic.
Brick: Piece of cooked clay or cement, almost always of a rectangular form.

[There are two pictures of walls made of bricks or concrete.]

Stone: Mineral element, more or less hard and compact, that is used as a construction material.

[p. 58]

Concrete: Mixture of cement, sand, crushed rocks or aggregates, water and sometimes an additive to change its properties, and could include or not steel. Include the dwellings built using prefabricated material, for example, M2 or convitec.

a.[b.] Wood (plank, piece): Solid part of trees without the bark, conveniently cut in boards or planks.
[There is a picture of walls made of wood]
b. [c.] Cane sticks with clay [quincha], adobe:

Cane sticks with clay [quincha]: Material prepared with a mixture of straw and clay that is adhered to an structure generally made of cane sticks and other sticks tied with lianas or other type of materials. Include houses of cane sticks with clay [quincha] that have been plastered.

[There is a picture of a house with walls made of cane sticks with clay.]

Adobe: It has the shape of a brick, but with larger dimensions. It is made based on earth mixed with herbs or grass, which is compacted in molds and then sun-dried. The adobes are glued to each other using clay.

[There is a picture of a house with walls made of adobe.]
c. [d.] Metal (zinc, aluminum, among others): Material that is used as metal sheets to close a structure.
[There is a picture of a house with walls made of metal sheets.]
[p. 59]
e. Palm leaves, straw, cane sticks, bamboo, or sticks: Materials of vegetal origin that are used in the construction of dwellings called ranches. Include bamboo houses that have been plastered.
[There is a picture of a house with walls made of sticks.]
f. Other materials: Material of inferior quality not included in the previous categories, such as: plastic pieces, cloth, cardboard, etc.
[There is a picture of a house with walls made of other materials.]
g. Without walls: The dwelling doesn't have any material that closes it.
[There is a picture of a house without walls. Below there is a sample image of question 5 from the enumeration form.]

[Questions 3 to 10 were asked of private households]

3. Predominant material

A. Exterior walls

II. Information about the dwelling

These serve to determine the principal characteristics and the conditions, in which they are found, in terms of the construction, comfort, disposition of basic services, etc.

For the purposes of the census, the dwelling is any shelter, separated and independent, built or used for housing persons.

In the "collective dwellings", this part will be completed up to the part of type of dwelling.

a) Exterior walls: you will mark, in the corresponding box, the predominant material used in the construction of the exterior walls of the dwelling.

Predominant material
A. Exterior walls

a) What is the predominant material in the exterior walls?

[] 1 Brick
[] 2 Adobe
[] 3 Wattle [estaqueo]
[] 4 Boards
[] 5 Sheets of fibrocement, zinc, etc.
[] 6 Stone
[] Other (specify) ____

Question 3. Predominant material

a) What material is predominant on the exterior walls?
Ask the question, read each of the following options, and mark an X in the corresponding box.
If the material is not indicated, mark "other," [and insert] the name of the material.

[A depiction of section 3 of the enumeration form to the left of the preceding text is omitted here.]

[P. 24]

[A drawing of four walls, with the words, "brick," "stucco," "wood," and "stone," written under each of the walls, respectively, is omitted here.]

b) What material is predominant on the roof?

Ask the question, read each of the options, and mark an X in the corresponding box.
If the material is not listed, write the name of the material under "other."

When the dwelling is in a middle section of a building with several floors, the roof of the roof of the building is considered.

[A drawing of four roofs, with the words, "shingle," "straw," "wood," and "cement," written under each of the roofs, respectively, is omitted here.]

[P. 25]

[A depiction of question (3)c. to the left of the following text is omitted here.]

c) What material is predominant on the floor?

Ask the question, read each of the options, and mark an X in the corresponding box.
If the material is not listed, write the name of the material under "other."

[A drawing of four floors, with the words, "brick," "wood," "tile," and "dirt," written under each of the floors, respectively, is omitted here.]

Section II. Dwelling information

For responses 2 through 6, end the interview here.
[Questions 3 to 13 are asked of occupied households with present members]

3. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls?

[Questions 3 to 5 are asked of occupied households with present members]

Questions 3 to 5: What material predominates in the exterior walls, roof and floor?

These questions refer to the material that is most used in said construction.

3. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls?

4. What is the predominant material of the floor?

5. What is the predominant material of the roof?

Chapter B. Dwelling information

3. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls?

Questions 3, 4, and 5: Construction materials of the dwelling.

The construction materials allow us to obtain information about the real conditions of the dwelling in Paraguay.

Question 3: What is the predominant material of the external walls?

What is the predominant material of the external walls? When two or more materials are used, you should mark the one that is used the most, the predominant. You should only mark one option.

4. Construction material of the dwelling

Circle the appropriate number:

Question No. 4: Construction material of the dwelling

A) The predominant material in the exterior walls is:
Read the question and each of the alternatives. Wait for an answer. Circle the number that corresponds to the response.
If it is a material that is not listed, circle the number that corresponds to "Other material" and specify the name of it.
[These instructions are accompanied by a drawing of a wall made of adobe and stones and a picture of part A of this question on the Enumeration Form. Adobe is the predominant material in the drawing, and the corresponding option is circled on Enumeration Form.]

3. What is the dwellings predominant building material?

Fill out the second section, "Dwelling Characteristics and Services," for the main dwelling only.

Question 3: What is the Dwelling's Predominant Building Material?

3A. The predominant material of the exterior walls is:
For option 8, "Other material," take into consideration any type of material not mentioned in the previous options, such as split bamboo [caña partida], palm leaves, stacked stones, etc. Ask which building material was used for the majority of the exterior walls of the dwelling.
[p. 29]
In some areas of the jungle the dwellings are like the one in the drawing (without walls). In this case, circle option 8, Other Material. [The text is accompanied by a drawing.]
The predominant material of the exterior walls: This refers to the construction material of the majority of the outside walls of the dwelling. It excludes fences or walls which surround the house.
Example 1: If half (50%) of the exterior walls are of thatch [quincha] and the other half (50%) are of wood, there is no one material that predominates. In this case circle the number of the best option, which is 3: wood (palm [pona], wood from the tornillo tree, etc.)
Example 2: If 60% of the walls are made of brick and 40% are made of adobe, circle option 1, "Brick or cement block," because that is the material which predominates.

Section II. Characteristics and services of the housing unit

3. In the housing unit, is the predominant construction material in the exterior walls:

5. Chapter 5: Specific instructions to fill out Section II: Characteristics and services of the housing unit
If there is more than one household in the housing unit, please fill in Section II, "Characteristics and services of the housing unit" for the main household only.

Predominant construction material in exterior walls: It refers to the building material of most of the perimeter or contour walls of the housing unit. It excludes surrounding fences or walls.

B3. Construction Material of the Outer Walls

___ Enter code

01 Concrete/Brick/Stone
02 Wood
03 Half concrete/brick/stone and half wood
04 Galvanized Iron/Aluminum
05 Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa
06 Asbestos
07 Glass
08 Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised materials
09 Others, specify __
10 No walls

B3 Construction Material of the Outer Walls

Enter in the box the code applicable to the kind of materials used in the construction of the outer walls. Fill up this item only through observation but if in doubt, ask the respondent for the material mainly used for the outer walls.

The kinds of materials used and their codes are as follows:

01 Concrete/Brick/Stone
02 Wood
03 Half Concrete/Brick/Stone and Half Wood
04 Galvanized Iron/Aluminum
05 Bamboo/Sawali/Cogon/Nipa
06 Asbestos
07 Glass
08 Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials
09 Others, specify _________
10 No Walls

For a house or building in which half of the storeys is walled with concrete/brick/stone and the other half, with wood, enter code 03. Enter also code 03 for one-storey buildings wherein the walls are made of about half of each of the two groups of materials.

For a two-storey house especially in rural areas wherein the ground floor is used for poultry, storage of grains, farm implements, etc., report the material used in walling the second floor, unless the walls can be classified under code 03. In other cases wherein the walls are made of different materials, report the material dominantly used.

Housing units in non-building structures such as culverts, bridges, etc. should have an entry of code 08 Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials in this item.

Specify the kind of material used for the outer walls if it is not one of those described in codes 01 to 08.

B3. Construction material of the outer walls
(Please cross out one of the selections below)

[] Concrete/brick/stone
[] Wood
[] Half concrete/brick/stone/ and half wood
[] Galvanized iron/aluminum
[] Bamboo/sawali/cogon/nipa
[] Asbestos
[] Glass
[] Makeshift/salvaged/improvised materials
[] Others, specify___
[] No walls

B3 Construction materials of the outer walls

Cross out the circle applicable to the kind of materials used in the construction of the outer walls. Fill up this item only through observation but if in doubt, ask the respondent for the material mainly used for the outer walls.

The kinds of construction materials of the walls are as follows:

For a house or building in which half of the stories are walled with concrete/brick7stone and the other half, with wood, marked the circle opposite the category Half concrete/brick/stone and half wood. Mark also this category wherein the walls are made of about half of each of the two groups of materials.

For a two-storey house especially in rural areas wherein the ground floor is used for poultry, storage of grains, farm implements, etc., report the material used in walling the second floor, unless the walls can be classified under Half concrete/brick/stone and half wood. In other cases where in the walls are made of different materials, report the material dominantly used.

Housing units in non-building structures such as culverts, bridges, etc. should have a marked circle of category Makeshift/Salvaged/Improvised Materials.

Cross out the circle of category "others" and specify the kind of material used for the outer walls if it is not one of those mentioned above.

B1 to B4 are to be answered by mere observation, if doubtful, ask the respondent.

B3. Construction materials of the outer walls

Specific Instructions by Items
To ask the questions correctly, follow the instructions for each item of CPH Form 2. The rationale and/or importance of each item are explained.

B2 and B3-Construction Materials of the Roof and Outer Walls
Data on construction materials of the roof and outer walls provide information on the construction, replacement, and improvement of housing units. These items can be used as proxy variables to measure the economic condition of households.
Moreover, data on these items can be used in the evaluation of construction statistics, programme implementation, and for estimating investments in housing construction. They can also be used to determine the number of households residing in structurally acceptable housing units.

Structural acceptability of housing units implies that these housing units are made of durable construction materials that will safeguard the occupants of the housing unit from adverse climatic conditions and provide protection and privacy.

B3-Construction Materials of the Outer Walls
The categories for the kind of construction materials of the outer walls are as follows0:

Write "X" in the box opposite the kind of material used in the construction of the outer walls. Fill out this item through observation but if you are in doubt, ask the respondent on the material used mainly for the outer walls.
For a house or building in which half of the storeys is walled with concrete/brick/stone and the other half with wood, write "X" in the box opposite the category "half concrete/brick/stone and half wood". Mark also this category if the walls are made of about half of two categories of materials mentioned above.
For a two-storey house, especially in rural areas wherein the ground floor is used to raise poultry, or to store grains, farm implements, and others, report the main material used in walling the second floor, unless the walls can be classified under Half concrete/brick/stone and half wood. In other cases, wherein the walls are made of different materials, report the material used in most part of the walls.
Housing units in nonbuilding structures such as carts, railroad cars, trailers, caves, culverts, boats, and bridges should have an "X" mark in the box opposite Makeshift/salvaged/ improvised materials.
Write "X" in the box opposite Others and specify the kind of material used for the outer walls if the material of the outer walls is not one of the aforementioned categories.

H24. Type of construction

Masonry walls (poured concrete, concrete blocks, stone, ornamental blocks, etc.)
[] With concrete slab roof
[] With wood frame roof
Wood frame walls
[] With masonry foundation, poured concrete, etc.
[] With wood base foundation
[] Other type of construction

H29. Which best describes the type of construction of this building?

Fill one circle.
Masonry walls (poured concrete, concrete blocks, stone, ornamental blocks, etc.)

[] With concrete slab roof
[] With wood frame roof

Wood frame walls

[] With masonry foundation, poured concrete, etc.
[] With wood stilt foundation
[] Mixed masonry and wood walls
[] Other type of construction

H13. Which best describes the construction material of this building?
Read categories and mark (X) only ONE box.
Concrete walls (poured concrete, concrete blocks, stone, etc.)

[ ] 1 With concrete slab roof
[ ] 2 With wood frame roof

Wood frame walls

[ ] 3 With concrete foundation, poured concrete, etc.
[ ] 4 With wood stilt foundation
[ ] 5 Mixed concrete and wood walls
[ ] 6 Other type of construction material

Chap. III Data on the building where the dwelling is located
To completed by the first dwelling in the building

18 Material of external walls

Chapter III - Data on the Building Where the Dwelling is Located


39. This chapter records the characteristics of buildings intended for human habitation, buildings intended for other designation, or collective living units where dwellings units exist, as well as those under construction but partially occupied by the population.

This chapter of the PL form will record only the first dwelling of the building; for other dwellings in the building, Q. 15 - 18 of Chapter III ib the PL form will be crossed out with an oblique line.

Q. 18 Material of the external walls


42. The type of construction materials used for wall construction will be recorded on the based on the statements of the owners, of the administrators or of the building's tenants (or based on the personal examination of the enumerators).

Codes used:

Code 1 - Reinforced concrete, pre-cast concrete panels or steel skeleton framed concrete: for construction executed using sliding forms, as well as for buildings having prefabricated panels with reinforced concrete. Also, buildings constructed with steel skeleton frame (concrete pillars and beams), having exterior walls built from brick masonry, stone masonry, light-weight building slabs, or substitutes will be included in this category.
Codes 2 and 3 - Brick or stone masonry or substitutes: according to the type of materials used to execute the dividing panels between the floors (or between the ground level and the garret, in the case of one floor buildings): reinforced concrete (code 2), or wood (code 3). By "exterior walls executed using brick substitutes," walls made by using perforated bricks (with hollows), ceramic and concrete blocks, light-weight building slabs, etc.; therefore these buildings will also be coded 2 or 3, depending on the kind of material used to make the panel; curved red bricks and metal reinforcement panels have to be bonded to the reinforced concrete panels and will be coded 2.
Code 4 - Wood, logs, poles: when the exterior walls of the building are made from these materials.
Code 5 - Saplings plastered with wet clay, adobe or other materials: include those buildings using saplings plastered with wet clay, adobe, other materials (Wood Pressed Panels, rolled mud bricks, wattle, twigs, reeds, etc.).
For dwellings having the outer walls built using different materials (stone, wood, bricks, adobe, etc.), only the material having the largest proportion will be recorded. When the materials are used in equal proportion, the less resistant will be recorded.

Chapter III: Characteristics of the Building Where the Dwelling is Located
(Completed only for the first dwelling recorded on the form for the building.)

20. Materials used for outer walls construction

The materials used for the outer walls construction (item 20)

42. The type of construction materials used for the walls construction will be recorded on the basis of the statements of the owners, of the administrators or of the building's tenants (or on the basis of the personal findings of the enumerators).

The way of recording:

For the dwellings having the outer walls built by using different materials (stones, wood, bricks, adobe, etc.) only the material having the biggest proportion will be recorded. If the materials have equal proportion, the less resistant will be recorded.

Questions 25-29 are to be answered only if at least one conventional dwelling in the building

28 Construction materials of the building's outer walls

For private households
[Questions H1 - H11]

H3. Walls

H04. What type of material are the external walls of this house made of?

[] 1. Wood and earth pisé [adobe and wood/no cement]
[] 2. Wood and cement pisé [adobe and wood with cement]
[] 3. Adobe bricks
[] 4. Baked bricks
[] 5. Cement blocs/concrete
[] 6. Stone
[] 7. Wood plank
[] 8. Plastic sheeting/cardboard
[] 9. Others

Question H04: Wall materials

The census enumerator will make a special effort to identify the wall materials, especially as it refers to categories 2 and 3 (type of bricks), and in case of doubt he/she will choose the most visible material.

Section H: Housing Units Characteristics

5. What is the main material used for the walls?

Section H: Housing units characteristics
5.3.5. How to complete Section H: Habitat [H01 to H35]
Questions on habitat are also asked to the household head or his representative.

H05: Materials for walls
What is the main material used for the walls?

The enumerator has clearly to identify the materials of the walls especially in regard to modalities 2 and 3 [type of bricks] and in case of doubt, choose the material most visible.

Encircle the code number according to response given by respondent.

41. Material of the outer walls

[] Wood
[] Concrete
[] Stone
[] Brick
[] Brick nog
[] Wattle/adobe
[] Wood and brick
[] Wood and concrete
[] Other
[] Not stated

1.5 What is the construction material of the outer walls?

[] Wood
[] Concrete
[] Wood and concrete
[] Stone
[] Brick
[] Adobe
[] Makeshift
[] Other / don't know

H6. Type of wall (head of household)

[] 1 Cement bricks
[] 2 Adobe bricks
[] 3 Mud bricks
[] 4 Straw, thatch
[] 5 Other

H6) Type of walls
Circle the item corresponding to the prevailing type of material used for the walls of the dwelling units inhabited by the household.

Note: "PISE EN BANCO" applies to a mixture of clay and straw.

E08. Type of wall

[] 1 Cement
[] 2 Wood
[] 3 Adobe bricks
[] 4 Straw, thatch
[] 5 Other

E08. Type of wall

Circle the item corresponding to the dominant type of material utilized for the walls of the dwelling unit occupied by the household.

E- Characteristics of the home environment

E05. Nature and wall coasting of the main building

4.5 Part E: characteristics of the dwelling

E05: nature or covering of the wall of the main building
A wall or cladding is understood to mean the front that ensures the closing of the structure of the building. In our case it can be made up in different ways.
For each type of front encountered by the AR, they are asked to circle the code corresponding to the appropriate modality.
Observe and if possible ask questions.
If the main building wall is made of cement only, the AR will circle code ''1''. If in addition to cement, the wall has coatings with tiles (marble, wood, respectively), the AR circles code ''2'' (respectively ''3'' and ''4'').
For walls that are based on ''wood'' or ''adobe'', the AR will circle codes ''5'' or ''6'' respectively. If, in addition to the adobe, the wall is coated with cement, the RA will record code ''7''. They will circle code ''8'' for straw or stem walls.
If different cases from the eight (8) quoted above are encountered by the AR, they will circle code ''9'' which corresponds to the ''other'' option.

Major material of construction of dwelling units

Section 2 - Housing facilities

Columns H05 to H07 -- Materials of construction of dwelling units
169. You are required to record answers to H05 to H07 by observation. For example, having observed that the dwelling unit has zinc as the material of construction of the roof and cement as the material of construction of the wall and floor, there is absolutely no reason asking the respondents questions relating to them. Only

[p.22]

ask them in circumstances where you are not absolutely sure which material of construction a house is made of.

170. Record the answer to each of the columns (i.e. column H05 for "Roof", H06 for "Wall" and H07 for "Floor").

Section 2: Housing facilities

Major material of construction of dwelling units

H06 Wall

[Questions H01, H06, and H07 were asked of all people. The rest of the questions in section III were recorded only for respondent's whose indicated type of residence was occupied housing units in question I15]

Major material of construction [Questions H06-H08]

H07. Wall

Section 3: Housing facilities

186. Columns H01 to H19 relate to specific questions concerning the household. They are questions that relate to the household as a whole and not to individual members.

Columns H06 to H08 -- Major materials of construction of dwelling units.
193. You are required to record answers to H06 to H08 by observation. For example, having observed that the dwelling unit has zinc as the material of construction of the roof, cement as the material of construction of the wall and floor, there is absolutely no reason asking the respondents questions relating to them. Only ask them in circumstances where you are not sure which material of construction the house is made of. Ask for major material of construction in order to capture structures that are made of mud but plastered with cement.

194. Record the answer to each of the columns i.e. columns H06 for roof, H07 for wall and H08 for floor.

H-02a Construction material
What is the main material used for the construction of the roof and wall of the MAIN dwelling?
Write the appropriate code in the boxes.

10. Section H: Housing (remember to follow instructions)
Purpose: Information collected here is important to all users such as Eskom, Telkom, etc. as it can be used to monitor progress regarding service delivery issues (or lack thereof).

Household module

Part 1: Characteristics of the inhabited building
[Applies to questions 1 - 4]

2. What are the outer walls of the building mainly made of?

G. Housing conditions and ownership of properties
These questions are about tools used in house construction, services available in this household (such as water, toilets, electricity), the total number of bedrooms used by the household, and ownership of properties. The head of household is asked these questions. If the head of household is absent, try to get another member of the household to answer these questions on behalf of the head of household.
Usually, if a household is using more than one house, all questions about the material used to construct the house and the electricity used in the house are to be asked for the main house where most household members live.
For Census purposes, a house is a building used by people for living. Workshops or store, places where people do not live, are not involved.
Note: Questions about house are to be asked to private households only. For collective households such as schools, hostels, camps, hospitals, etc. these questions should not be asked because they are not relevant.

Material used in construction of the house where household members live
The aim of questions 29-31 is to know the material used in construction of the main house in which household members live in. These materials are those used in roofing, building walls, and floor of the house.

Question 30: What are the walls of the house made of?
As in question 29, here we want to know the materials used in building the walls of the main house where household members live. Shade according to the answer given by the respondent.
[p. 69]
The following codes will be used in this question:

G. Housing conditions and ownership of assets

45. What are the main wall materials used for the main building of this household?

Questions 41 to 52 ask about the house characteristics and ownership of assets/properties and they are answered by the head of the household.

Part 4 Housing questions

Do not ask the collective household.

For Municipal Areas, ask housing questions in all households.

For Non-Municipal Areas, ask housing questions only in households with the letter "B".
(The letter of the 9th column in the "Sor Por Kor 1" form is:
[] A
[] B
[] C
[] D.
If the letter "B" is checked, ask the housing questions. If not, terminate the interview.)

[Approximately 1 in 3 households from Non-Municipal Areas were asked the household questions.]

25. Type of structure:

If marked "5" or "Others," terminate the interview.

27. Type of construction materials:

Number 27: Type of construction materials
The type of construction materials can be categorized as follows.

a. Permanent materials: these include hard wood (such as teak), concrete, and brick.

b. Non-permanent materials: these include local materials such as palm leaves and bamboos, and used materials that should not be used such as used zinc, rotten wood, etc.

The type of construction materials is considered from the materials of the main house that is used for living. For example, the main house is made of wood and the roof is made of tiles, but the kitchen has thatched roof, consider the construction materials to be permanent materials.

Select the type of construction materials from the following types.

Building (concrete or cement)
Combination of wooden and cement house
Wooden house made of permanent materials
House made of local materials
House made of used materials

Part 3. Housing Questions (For Private Household)

[Questions H1-H18 were asked of private households.]

Number H1 and H2 by observation of house

H2. Type of construction materials

3.32 Type of Living Place
Categorized by major material used in construction. They are:

NOTE: Section 3 Questions on Housing
(Ask only private household)

Questions on housing are concerned with living places of every private household in municipal area. For those outside municipal area and Bangkok, ask only the sample households.

Guideline for questioning and recording

H 2. Type of living place (consider the house)

Consider the material used in construction as

p. 80

Take the majority of body of the house into consideration using 5 important components of the house e.g., pole, floor, ceiling, wall, and roof (see Definition Chapter 3).

Circle only one code number corresponding to the type of living places:

g. Type of construction materials

(For type of living quarter appeared in F codes 01-08.)

[] 1 Concrete or brick
[] 2 Wood, concrete or brick (mixed)
[] 3 Wood
[] 4 Local materials
[] 5 Reused materials

g) Characteristics of living quarter
[only for households that record code 01-08 in f]
Record the code for the characteristics of living quarter in column 21 (See explanation from the housing section (3) in the chapter on definition).
Note: If there are several living quarters for one household, consider the type and characteristics of living quarter (for f and g) from the place where the head of household lives.

For sample private households only
[Questions H1-9 were asked of sample private households only]

H2. Type of construction material
[Question was asked of respondents with codes 1-5 in H1]

5.5.3 Part 3 Questions on housing
[Ask only for the sample private household]

H2: Type of construction material
(For type of living quarter in H1 codes 1 - 5 only)

[Table summarizing column H2 not presented here]

Procedure for recording the form
Record only households for which the type of living quarters has been recorded in item 1, using codes 1 to 5 only. Record the code in the check box for the type of construction material, using only one code. In the case that one household has several living places, consider only the place where the head of household is staying when considering the type of living quarters and their descriptions of the living place.

Dwelling unit

(H02) Material of walls

[p. 49]

F- Characteristics of the habitat

Question H02: Nature of the walls

This question concerns the materials of construction of the walls of the most important building of the dwelling. If the walls are constructed in one or several materials, the dominant materials should be indicated. Circle then record in the box the code corresponding to the nature of the walls of the most important building of the dwelling.

The modalities of possible response are:

For any other nature of walls not indicated above, circle code 8, record it in the box and specify this nature on the dotted lines.

Section VIII. Housing

[Questions 36-43 asked of the head of the household only.]

41. Material of outer walls