Section V. Characteristics of the population
11. Which language or mother tongue did you first learn to speak when you were a child?
(Read each alternative and fill in only one oval)
[] 1 Quechua
[] 2 Aimara
[] 3 Ashaninka
[] 4 Awajún / Aguaruna
[] 5 Shipibo ? Konibo
[] 6 Shawi / Chayahuita
[] 7 Matsigenka / Machigueng
[] 8 Achuar
[] 9 Other native or indigenous language
[] 10 Spanish
[] 11 Portuguese
[] 12 Other foreign language
[] 13 Peruvian sign language
[] 14 Cannot speak / hear
For people of 3 years of age and older
[Questions 11 to 15 are asked of persons age 3 or older]
Question 11: Which language or mother tongue did you first learn to speak when you were a child?
Read the question and each of the alternatives clearly and slowly, wait for the respondent's answer and fill in only one oval. You should not assume an answer based on the language he/she currently speaks.
If the respondent answers that he/she learned to speak another native or indigenous language, fill in the oval of option 9 and write down the answer in the boxes (see annexes, page 99).
If the respondent cannot hear or speak but can communicate through sign language, fill in the oval in option 13, "Peruvian sign language".
The option 14, "cannot speak/hear" should not be read. Fill in this option, only when the respondent did not learn to speak a language.
Language or tongue: It refers to that language or tongue a person first learn to speak in their early years, regardless of whether they still speak it today. It is also known as a first language.
Native or indigenous language: These are all the languages prior to the spread of Spanish and that are preserved and used within the national territory. Mentioning the native language will be also understood as "native or indigenous language".
Examples:
1) Lucas was born in the highlands of Peru and, like his parents, he learned to speak Quechua; however, he came to Lima many years ago and learned Spanish, which he currently speaks. Thus, he will answer the question by indicating that he learned to speak Quechua; then, fill in option 1, "Quechua".
2) Liliana speaks two languages, Kukama Kukamiria to communicate with her family and friends, and Spanish when she goes to the health center. When asked this question, she answered Kukama Kukamiria, because she learned to speak with that language. Then, fill in the oval in option 9, "Other native or indigenous language", and in the "specify" box, write Kukama Kukamiria.
3) Ernesto speaks only Jaqaru and lives in a rural community in Yauyos. When asked this question, he replied Jaqaru. So, fill in the oval of option 9, "Other native or indigenous language", and write the answer in the "specify" box.
4) Jesús, who lives in the department of San Martín, speaks Spanish but learned to speak Quechua as a child. He indicates that his language is different from the Quechua of Cusco or Huánuco. While it is true that Quechua has many varieties, you must fill in the oval in option 1, "Quechua".
5) When Rosa is asked about her mother tongue, she answers Asheninka (different from Ashaninka). As this option does not appear in the list of 47 indigenous languages, you must fill in the oval of option 9 "other native or indigenous language" and write her answer in the "specify" box.
6) Yolanda answers that her mother tongue is "Achual", as this is another name for the Achuar language (see annexes, page 99); you must fill in the oval of option 8, "Achuar".