Work, economic activity, economically active/inactive manpower (columns 22-26)
Five questions from columns 22-26 are related to economic and non-economic activities. Ask these questions to the people usually living in the family and aged 10 years or older.
Column 22: what works did [the respondent] do in the last 12 months and how much time did you spend for each work?
1. Agriculture / own farming: months _ _
2. Salary / wage: months _ _
3. Own business (non-agricultural): months _ _
4. Extended economic activities: months _ _
5. Job search: months _ _
6. Household works / activities: months _ _
7. Study (student): months _ _
8. Did not work: months _ _
Total: 12 months
In this questions there are two sections - In the past 12 months (reference duration) a. What works did you do? And, b. How much time did you spend for each work?
For the first section (what works did you do?), the work has been divided into seven different types of work. Even if a person has spent most of the time doing only one work in the past 12 months (12 months before the date of enumeration), he or she might have done other works also for a short time period. Hence, in the appropriated column, the works engaged (reference number 1-7) and no work (reference number 8) during the reference period (past 12 months) should be written in months. Therefore, the work refers to the work done most of the time in the past 12 months and the other works done for shorter period of time.
The time taken for each month means the duration or the total number of months taken from each work, whether it is work done most of the time or the works done for a shorter period of time.
Ask the family members aged 10 or above usually living in the family what works they did in the past 12 months and how many months did they spend for each work. Then write the duration of each work done in months. A person might have done different works in the past 12 months. Ask the work's nature as per the given seven categories and write the duration of each work in months. If a person stayed without doing any work, ask him/her how many months he/she stayed in that situation and write the response in the section of reference 8 "did not work".
The above categorization can also be divided into four sections.
1. Economic activities: 1. agriculture / own farming
1. Economic activities: 2. salary / wage
1. Economic activities: 3. own business (non-agriculture)
2. Extended economic activities: 4. extended economic activities: production of goods works done by family members for the consumption of the family. (E.g. firewood collection, fetching water, food production at home or in other places and processing it, stitching/weaving sweater, weaving of bamboo basket, straw mat, etc., are extended economic works).
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3. Job search: 5. seeking employment: the situation or duration of seeking or looking for any kind of economic activities related to the sequence number 1 above.
4. Non-economic activities: 6. household activities: unpaid service provided by family members for the consumption of the family (e.g. cooking, washing, cleaning, care work, etc.)
4. Non-economic activities: 7. study (student)
4. Non-economic activities: 8. did not work
Some persons may not have done the same work for twelve months permanently like government and NGOs personnel. In this situation, it would be easy to take the information on the works that the person has done in the following way.
- First, identify the months a person has spent to perform the economic activities [1. agriculture/own farming; 2. salary/wage; 3. own business (non-agriculture)] and confirming the months write it in the related space. If the person has spent the whole twelve months in the last one year doing an economic activity, do not ask further about the months taken for his or her extend economic activities, job seeking or household activities.
- If the person has spent less than 12 months performing an economic activity, then ask him or her whether they did extended economic activities (e.g. firewood collection, fetching water, food production at home or in other places and processing it, stitching/weaving sweater, weaving of bamboo basket, straw mat, making pickle and other processed food items etc. for household purpose). If he or she did, ask him/her about the months spent doing such works and write the months in related space.
If the total months come to be 12 months for 1. agriculture/ own farming; 2. salary/ wage; 3. own business (non-agriculture), and extended economic works the person did, there is no need to ask the months for job search, household tasks, and study the person did.
- If the total duration of the economic works and extended economic works the person performed is less than 12 months, then ask whether the person was seeking any job in leisure time and how many months were spend for job search, and write the response (i.e. the months) in related space. If the total duration of the economic works, extended economic works, and job seeking time is 12 months, then do not ask the general household task or study that the person has pursued.
- If the total period of economic works, extended economic works, and job seeking time is less than 12 months, the person must has spent rest of the time in non-economic activities (household tasks or study) or stayed without doing any work. In that condition, ask how many months the person has spent for household tasks (e.g. cooking, washing, cleaning, care work, etc. for household purposes) or study or without doing any work and write the response in related column.
Remember: The total sum of the months in these given categories must come to be 12 months.
3. Own business (non-agriculture): Non-agriculture business refers all kinds of business activities led by the family, other than farming/agriculture, where goods or services should have been produced and sold. If the production was only for household purpose, it should be stated under extended economic activities. And the service for household purpose should be stated under household chores.
Here, own business (non-agriculture) means all the non-agriculture activities that a person or group of persons/members have invested their capital (cash/goods), labor, and risked their loss and profit. The business under partnership also should be stated in this section.
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If the enumerated person has worked to any non-agriculture business of his/her own, ask the total months worked and write it. If other family members also have worked in the non-agriculture business jointly, ask the total months they have worked and write it under the reference 3. However, if a person works in others' non-agriculture business by taking any kind of salary, wage or as laborer, the duration of such work should be written in months under reference "2. salary/wage", but do not write under the reference "3. own business (non-agriculture)."
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NB: - All the business (other than farming), such as food or non-food items production industry, trade, transport, construction, hotels, restaurants, etc. are non-agriculture business. Examples of non-agriculture business are presented as below.
1. Small, medium, or large-scale production industry to support the family income - e.g. jam/jelly, pickle, titaura, masyaura, bhujiya, bread, sweets, samosa, pakauda, yogurt, durukha, chhurpi, etc. or similar food or non-food production - are non-agriculture business.
2. Small, medium, or large-scale industries that produce agricultural tools or equipment (e.g. spade, hansiya, wooden plow, plowing metal plate, etc.), metal utensils or similar kind of materials are non-agriculture business.
3. Producing materials from cane, bamboo, jute, or babiyo - e.g. basket, nanglo, rope and similar other works - are non-agriculture business. Small or large industries producing sculpture, picture, and handicrafts materials are non-agriculture business.
4. Small or large industries that produce sacred scent, cotton thread, leaf bowl, candle, and similar kind of materials are non-agriculture business.
5. Small or large industries that produce and sell make-up materials - e.g. bangle, pote, dhago, tika, jewelry items - are non-agriculture business.
6. Small businesses - e.g. selling of cigarette, betel nuts, tobacco, pepper, chocolate, dried cheese etc. in nanglo, cartoon or box; Shops selling paan and betel nuts, fruits, vegetables in basket, meat selling, liquor items selling in wholesale or retail - are non-agriculture business.
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7. Stitching, weaving, cutting, and other services - making sweaters, shocks, caps, hats, globes (to receive a payment); tailoring, clothe sewing, hair dressing, restaurant and tea shop, cobblers and similar other small and large service business are non-agriculture business.
8. Works such as rickshaws pulling, thela, ox-cart, horse-cart, etc. and load carrying laborers and similar other works are non-agriculture business.
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9. The work of mason, carpenter, and wood related material production and similar other works are non-agriculture business.