12. Are you able to read and write?

For all persons five years old and older.

[p.142]

In the question number 10 you will move on to ask about the highest educational level that the person attends or attended, whether they completed it or not, either in the country or in a foreign country. Remember that the questions 10A, 10B, and 10C should only be asked of the persons who have boxes 1 or 2 marked in question number 9.

[p.158]

16. Now we will consider the part dedicated to literacy (question number 12).

You will ask the persons answering the census if they know how to read and write in our language or any other.

To mark the box "Yes" it is necessary that the person know how to [read] as well as [write] in any language.

[p.159]

17. If the elderly aunt of the Misses Garcia tells you that she only knows how to read, on the census form, you will mark:

For all of the persons 5 years old and more

[Questions 7-8 were asked of persons age 5 years or older.]

7. Do you know how to read and write?

Census home is a person or group of persons, related or not, who occupy the same dwelling. You will write down first the name and surname of the head of the household, then ask all the corresponding questions.

7. Do you know how to read and write?
Ask this question with reference to our language or to any other language.

When an enumerated person only knows how to read or write [not both] you will mark no.

10. Does the person know how to read and write?

7. Does this person know how to read and write?

Q20: For those without an elementary (primary) education, are they literate?

Question 20

For those who don't have a general elementary education: are you literate?

The interviewer asks if the person is literate for those who don't have an elementary education, that is to say for those people for who in the 19th question had an identification code 11 for the "No elementary" prompt.

People considered literate are those who can read and understand what they have read in some language. For this question, if the answer is "yes" identification code 1 is written, in case of "no" 2 is written.

15. Education level, scientific degree

16. For those without primary education, are they literate?

For those who don't have a general elementary education: are you literate?

For those who don't have an elementary education, that is to say for those people for whom in the 21st question "01" identification code for the "No elementary education" prompt was written, the interviewer asks if the person is literate.
Literate are considered to be those people who can read and understand what they have read in some language. Those who can read and write only their names and numbers, as well as people who can only read but not write, are considered. For this question, if the answer is "yes" identification code "1" is written, in case of no. "2".

The date (year, month, day) of your birth.

For answer to this question 4 columns are allocated. The day of birth is written in the column "9a", the month - in "9b" and in the year of birth is written in column "9c".
Example: if the interviewee was born in August 25, 1954, then in the column "9a" 25 must be written, in "9b" - 08 and in "9c" - 1954.

In the column "9d" the age written by years should be filled in.
After writing down the year of birth, without any additional questions, using "Finding out the age by the year of birth with an additional chart" (Appendix 1), the interviewer finds out the person's age by the filled in years and writes it in the "9d" column. For the above mentioned example "57" should be written.
Besides, in the chart the following fact must be taken into consideration: the age of those who were born from January 1 to October 11 is written in the first column and in the second column the age of those who were born from October 12 to December 13. For the children under the age of 1 year old "0" is written in "9d" column.

26. Can write a letter?

Question 26: Able to write Letter? Ask whether the person is able to write letter. Fill out 1 oval box for "Yes" and 2 oval box for no.

23. Can write a letter?

Question-23. Able to Write Letter?
Ask all who are aged 7 years and over whether they are able to write letter or express their views in writing. Enter cross in the yes box for answer 'yes' and enter cross in the no box for answer 'no'.

For those having an academic degree, specify:

(14) Literacy

Column (14): Literacy
Literacy consists of the learning of reading and writing in a given language.
Ask the question "Can you read and write?"

Circle the number corresponding to one of the following situations according to the answer provided by the interviewee.

This question does not apply to children under 3 years of age.

Now we would like to ask for information on you and the persons habitually living in your household or currently residing in your home

Residents of 6 years or more of age
[Questions in columns 18 - 22 were asked of residents 6+ years old]

(18) Literacy

Column (18): Literacy
A person is considered literate if she can read, write, and understand a simple text related to matters from her daily life (UNESCO definitions). Thus, literacy consists of teaching reading, writing, and comprehension in a given language. Ask the following question: "Can [the respondent] read, write, and fluently speak certain specific languages?" If yes, ask which languages? Circle the code corresponding to the declaration of the interviewed person according to the following options:

If NO, ask if [the respondent] can at least read in a national language? If yes, circle the code "2" corresponding to "can read in a national language (SLN)." If no, circle code "6" for "can neither read nor write (NLE)."

20. Literacy

The question relative to this variable only concerns those of 6 or more years of age.
Literacy is a persons' ability to read and write, while understanding, a text on daily events in any language [national language, foreign language].

There is only one possible answer per eligible individual.

Ask the following question:

Q: "Can [the respondent] read, write, and fluently speak certain specific languages?"

Circle the code corresponding to the declaration of the counted person according to the following modalities:

Only for those 5 years of age and older
[Questions 9-11 were asked of persons 5 years of age or older.]

9. Are you able to read and write?

Question 9. Do you know how to read and write?

If they know how to read and write, mark the box "Yes".

If they only read or only write, mark the box "No".

10. Are you able to read and write?

Question 10. Do you know how to read and write?

The enumerator will ask this question of all people who are 6 or older, marking circle 7 with an X when they say YES, and circle 8 if they neither read nor write.

If the person being enumerated only knows how to sign their name, only recognizes or writes the letters of the alphabet and isn't able to read or write a letter or a basic document, mark No.

36. Do you know how to read and write?

Question 36. Do you know how to read and write?

[Literacy]

If the interviewed person claims to only know how to sign his name and cannot read or write a basic letter, the oval corresponding to "no" is filled in.

35. Can you read and write?

Population's educational characteristics
The population's educational characteristics researched in the population censuses are literacy, school attendance, and educational level starting at a certain age. In the census, educational data is collected from people who, at the time of the census, are at least four years old.

F2. Only for people at least 4 years old

35. Literacy
Literacy is defined as the ability to read and write.

L. School attendance and literacy

Question L - Attendance at school and literacy

15. Know how to read and write?

19. Know how to read and write

Question 19 - Knows how to read and write

Mark:

Education
For people aged 5 years or more
[Questions 6.27 to 6.36 were asked for persons 5 years old or over.]

6.27 Can you write and read?

9. Knows how to read and write (in which language) ____

Literacy:

Does [person] know how to read and write a language fluently?

Circle the corresponding code.

P16. Foreign:

P17. National:

Literacy:

Does [person] know how to read and write a language fluently?

Circle the corresponding code.

P16. Foreign:

P17. National:

P19. Literacy ____

P19. Literacy ____

For all persons
[Questions 10 to 23 were asked of all persons]

[16] Literacy

69. Column 16: Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write with understanding in any language. A person is a literate when he/she can both read and write a simple message in any language or dialect. A person who cannot both read and write a simple message is considered illiterate. Also to be considered as illiterate is that person who is capable of writing or reading only his/her own name or numbers, as well as persons who can read but not write, or vice versa.
69.1 A person who knows how to read and write but at the time of the survey he/she can no longer read and write due to some physical defects or illness is still considered literate. An example of this is an aged person who knows how to read and write but can no longer perform these activities due to poor eyesight.
69.2 Disabled persons who can read and write through any means such as Braille system for the blind, are considered literate.
69.3 This information should be collected for all persons. Enter 1 for those persons who answer 'Yes' to this question and 2, for those persons who answer 'No'. In case of doubt you may test by asking the person to read or write. By definition, children of the age of the 5 years or less should be treated as illiterate even if the child is going to a school and may have picked up reading and writing a few odd words.

b. Can this person read and write with understanding in any language? If so, which language?

Column 13 (b) Literacy in another language

[p.34]
93.4 The person who said Yes in Col. 13 (a) may be asked whether he/she can read and write with understanding in any other language i.e. whether he/she is literate in one more language (other than Khmer).

93.5 If he/she says "No", record Code 1 for him/her in Col. 13 (b). If he/she tells the name of a language give the code of that language in Col. 13 (b) from the list given under the column. If it is any language other than the six languages with codes, give Code 8 and specify that language.

93.6. The person who said "No" (Code 2) for Col. 13 (a) may be asked to tell the language in which he/she can read and write with understanding. If he/she says again, "No," give Code 1 for him/her in Col. 13 (b). If he/she tells the name of the language in which he/she can read and write with understanding, give the code of that language in Col. 13 (b) for him/her according to the same list of codes. If it is any language other than the six codes, enter Code 8 and specify that language.

93.7 In both the cases mentioned above if the respondent is literate in more than one language, only one language is to be recorded, that being the best of the languages in which he is literate.

Individual particulars
[This section except for questions 6 and 8 are to be completed by all persons]

[Questions 15-16 are to be completed by all persons]

15. Literacy

Individual particulars
[This section except for questions 6 and 8 are to be completed by all persons]

[Questions 15-16 are to be completed by all persons]

15. Literacy

P25. Illiteracy

Column P25: Illiteracy
Fill in this column by encircling one of the following numbers:

Column 12: Literacy. Find out whether the person knows how to read and write, and write yes or no, as the case may be. If the person only knows how to read or only knows how to sign their name, record no in both cases.

12. Literacy:

Only for those who answered "none" or "primary" in question number 10.

Are you able to read and write?
If "only" able to real or "only" able to write, mark "no."

9. Only for those who answered that they attend/attended fourth year basic or primary or never attended

Do you know how to read and write?
If you only know how to read or only how to write, fill in 'no'

Enumerator: only for those who answered "never attended" or lower than 4th grade of basic or primary completed.

9. Are you able to read and write?

If only able to read or only able to write, fill in "no."

25. Are you able to read and write?

If only able to read or only able to write, mark "no."

Part One. Personal Records

R14 through R16 apply to persons who are 6 years or older.

R14. Literacy
Same as R8 of the short form

10. Do you know how to read and write?

Question No. 10. Do you know how to read and write?

[Below the text is a form.]

Mark an "x" in the box "yes" when a person knows how to read and write correctly; that is, when they have the capacity to read, understand and write a text.

Mark "x" in the box "no", when that person does not read or write correctly.

39. Do you know how to read and write?

Question No. 39 Do you know how to read and write?

[Below the text is a form.]

Mark "x" in box 2, if a person knows how to read and write a paragraph or a simple section in their first language, even if it is done slowly.

Mark "x" in box 4, if a person does not know how to read or write a paragraph or a simple section, if they know how to read but not write or if they only know how to write their name.

32. Does he/she know how to read and write?

32. Does [the respondent] know how to read and write?

The response is affirmative if a person can read and write a text even if they do it with difficulty.

[Below the text is a form.]

Although it is infrequent, you can find persons who know how to read but not write. In these cases the response should be negative. It will be equally negative if the person only knows how to sign their name.

41. Does [the respondent] know how to read and write? (basic)

13. Able to read and write?

Line No. 13.- Do you know how to read and write?

This question is included with the purpose of knowing the literacy and should be asked only for persons 7 years old or older.

Mark the box "Yes" when a person can read and write a simple paragraph in any language. The box "No" should be marked for four groups of persons, namely:

1) Those who do not know how to read or write a simple paragraph

2) Those who only know how to read.

3) Those who only know how to sign and/or write their name, and

4) Those who at one time knew how to read and write, put have forgotten it.

In the case of persons who currently are taking classes in the second grade of primary education or any other higher grade, it is not necessary to ask the question; mark the box "Yes" automatically.

16. Literacy. For individuals 10 years of age and older: Are you able to read and write?

10. Are you able to read and write?

Question 10: Are you able to read and write

[Below the text is a form.]

Information here is gathered about illiteracy, that is to say, whether a person knows how to read and write.

It is understood that you should repeat the question to each and every one of the members of the household that you are enumerating.

Knowing how to read and write is, for census purposes, not only being able to do it with texts of a certain complexity (newspapers, books, magazines), but rather also when is concerns very simple texts in the first language of the interviewed person (be it Spanish, English, French or any other language). You know that persons exist who know how to read and write but only very simple texts, those needed to face common situations of everyday life.

Consequently, if the person tells you that the person being referred to only reads and writes what is needed, then you should mark with an X the circle that follows the word "Yes". Of course, you should do it also in all the rest of the cases of persons that read and write correctly in levels that go from the most simple to the most complex (writers, professionals, etc.) The response is "No" when you are told that the person about whom you are gathering information falls into one of the following possibilities:

12. Able to read and write?

Question 12: Literacy

Literacy is investigated to obtain a general indicator of the development of a country.

[To the right of the text is a form.]

This question should only be asked to persons 5 years old or older who say that their level of instruction (question 11) is "None", "Kindergarten or preparatory" or "Primary (from 1st to 6th grade). Only one of the two possible responses is accepted:

15. Does [the respondent] know how to read and write?

Question 15: Literacy

Only for people 5 years or older

15. Does [name] know how to read and write?

It is considered "yes" when the person knows to read and write a simple text that allows one to face situations in daily life, like a message or an announcement. If the person only writes, only reads, or only knows how to sign or write their name, or expresses that in some moment he/she knew how to read and write but says that he/she forgot how, you should mark the option "no."

It is considered that the blind person knows how to read and write if he/she has these abilities in the Braille language.

29. Level of education

To complete the inside of the questionnaire, you must have:

- Read and fully understand the contents of this manual.
- If any points are unclear to you, ask your team leader for an explanation.
- Know the definitions perfectly and the meaning of the abbreviations used.
- The presence of the person you are surveying to obtain reliable information. If the head of the household is absent, speak with his representative to get the necessary information.

[p.32]

- Ask each person to be surveyed to present an identification document (national identification card, birth certificate, passport, driver's license, etc.) in order to quickly obtain answers to questions regarding first and last names, date of birth, etc.

Carefully follow all instructions you have been given, especially regarding how to ask the questions.

Question for persons age 6 and older.

Question 29: Education level

An individual's education level is measured by the highest level that he/she has reached in his/her studies. This variable includes literacy, which is assessed by the ability to read or write in any written language.

Ask the following question, "Do you know how to read and write"?

- If "No," circle the code

If "Yes," ask, "Did you attend school?"
If "No," circle code

If "yes," ask, "What is the highest level of education you have attained?" and circle the code corresponding to the answer given by the surveyed individual:

[p.47]

Note: Individuals who have completed their education in languages other than French must be classified in categories equivalent to the level they have reached in those studies. In particular, individuals who received education in Arabic must not be systematically classified into the category KS (Koranic School).

26. Literacy

Special case: For any child who is a resident (present or absent) and was born in 1992, without the month being specified, questions 26-32 apply. For resident children (present or absent) to whom questions 26-32 do not apply, draw a slash through column 26 and the following columns.

Question 26: Literacy
For purposes of the census, literacy refers to the fact that a person is able to read, write, and understand a simple letter addressed to a relative, friend, or acquaintance. Any person who is not able to read, write, and understand a simple letter addressed to a relative, friend or acquaintance is considered illiterate. The language in which one writes may be an Ivorian language, French, English, Arabic, German, etc. Your goal is to determine whether the person is literate or not.
To get the right answer, ask the following question:

A person is illiterate (does not know how to read or write) if he only knows how to read or is only able to write his name.

7. Literacy. Is the enumerated person able to read and write?

If the person does know how to read and write, circle 1 -- yes -- is filled in.

If the person only knows how to read or to write, circle 2 -- no -- is filled in.

37. Can [the respondent] read and write?

Question 37: Does (NAME) know how to write and read?

Fill in the correct answer. If the interviewee only reads or only writes record option 2 ("No").

35. Does [the respondent] know how to write and read?

For those 6 years of age and older:
[Applies to questions 11 through 13]

(12) Able to read and write?
Yes or No
____

9. Do you know how to read and write?

9. Do you know how to read and write?

Question 9. Do you know how to read and write?

If the person knows how to read and write, mark the yes box.

If the person only reads or only writes, mark the no box.

If the person doesn't know how to read and write, mark the no box.

9. Do you know how to read and write? If only able to read or only able to write mark the box "no."

19. Does [the respondent] know how to read and write?

Step 13: Continue with section 4, information about the population / C. Educational characteristics.

[A copy of section 4C of the census questionnaire is omitted here.]

Tips:

• Follow the sequential order of the questions.
• Remember that this is only for people 5 years old and older.
• If the person only knows to read or only to write mark x in box 2 and continue with question 21.
• Questions 21, 23, and 25 have leaps.
• Mark question 23 according to the answer of the informant. If the informant mentions having finished the school, register x in code 5; if the informant mentions that he/she is in basic education, you should mark code 6.
• Question 24 will be registered according to the level of instruction marked in question 23.

7. Educational status or last educational certificate
[Question 7 was asked of persons 10 years and over.]

Bachelor of electric engineering
Agricultural secondary school
Azharya secondary school etc.

9. Educational level or the highest degree (for those 10 years and older)
There are 2 squares on the right, and 4 squares on the left.

Fill only the 2 squares on the right, leaving the rest of the squares to be coded by the Information Technology sector.

One of the following answers is written:

2. Persons age 5 or older
[Questions 10-13 were asked of persons age 5 or older]

10. Are you able to read and write?

10. Literacy
Do you know how to read?

9. Do you know how to read and write?

Question 9: Do you know how to read and write?

Each household member aged five years and over will be first asked if he/she can read and write. A person is said to be able to read and write if he/she can read and understand and also write in any language. People can read and write only their names and numbers are not considered as having educational qualification. Also those who can read only scripture- related and memorized texts are not taken as having been educated.

If the person does not read and write, the term "illiterate" will be entered in column 30 and "00" in card columns 55 and 56. However if the household member is able to read and write, he/she will be asked the highest grade he/she completed and then the correct code for the response among those in the list will be registered in the space provided in column 30 in line with the household member and this same code will be entered in card columns 55 and 56.

Highest grade completed refers to the highest educational grade individuals are currently attending or the highest grade level they completed in the past under the available curriculum in regular schools, universities, training institutes and the like.

The highest grade the household member completed will be registered in the space provided corresponding to the household member in column 30. Then the correct code among those listed below will be identified and entered in card columns 55 and 56.

To determine the highest grade completed for a person who has attended or still attending other than regular school and university the number of academic years completed in the institution or equivalent level is added on the grade or level completed in regular school. For example, if some years ago the requirement for entrance to a nursing school was to complete eighth grade in regular education, and the course in the nursing school takes three years to complete the professional training then grade completed will be calculated as: 8 + 3 = 11. Hence 11 will be entered in card columns 55 and 56.

But if the requirement for admission to a nursing school was completion of 11tth grade from regular schools, then the situation has to be treated differently. One who completes a three-year nursing training without any repetition and having no further regular education is said to have completed 14, i.e. /11 + 3/. For people who have attended or currently attending evening schools, teachers training institutes, commercial, technical, telecommunications, etc. schools or institutes, their highest grade completed will have to be determined in the same way.

One thing worth noting here is that the highest grade completed for a person who has studied in different educational institutions will be the highest grade among these. For example, let us assume a nurse completed 11th grade in regular school and also 3 years training in nursing school and later completed 12th grade in evening school and further pursued her education in the university extension program for three years. The highest grade this person completed is: First) grade completed in regular school (11) plus years completed in nursing institute (3) equals 14. On the other hand if she has completed 11th grade in regular school and completed 12th grade in extension session of regular school and further completed 3rd year education in a university, then the highest grade she completed will be 15 /11 + 1 + 3/. If she completed a three year education above 12th grade under a program unintended to obtain degree, code "20" will be entered in card columns 55 and 56 or code "21" will be entered in the card columns under a program intended to obtain a degree.

As can be understood from the second example above, the standard of some vocational training institutes does not match with that in regular schools and universities. And this does not have to create any confusion because the required data is highest grade completed not the school or institute standard people have attended or are still attending.

Five years and above
[Questions 26-27 were asked of resident members age 5+.]

Educational status

26. Enter grade enrolled for those now attending school

[Questions 18-20 were asked of long form respondents age 5+.]

18. Is [the respondent] literate?

Questions from 18-20 refer to only members of a given household aged 5 years and over. During the time of enumeration information on the ability of the person to read and write with the language he/she speaks, the school attendance status of the person and the highest grade the individual has completed will be asked and collected. All questions refer to the literacy and educational status of individuals aged 5 years and over at the period of the census.

Question 18:- Can [the respondent] read and write?

This question is about the literacy status of members of the household aged 5 years and over. All eligible persons will be asked whether they can read and write with the language they speak. For those who report that they can read and write, code 1 will be given and marked on the given box on the questionnaire. In other words for persons who are found to be unable to read and write, code 2 will be assigned. A person is considered to be literate if he/she can read and write clearly with any language. Those who can read and write only their names and numbers are not taken as literate. Moreover, those who can read and write some statements or words, which they know before through memorization, are not considered as literate.

Literacy: answer for persons 11 years and older
P11. In what language can [the respondent] read and write?

This question is to be asked of persons who are 11 years and older.

The question also relates to the respondent's ability to read and write in any language. Note that a respondent is considered literate if he/she can read and write a simple statement with understanding. Literacy is more than the ability to write or distinguish between the various letters of the alphabet and counting numbers.

Note that if a respondent can only read but cannot write or can write but cannot read, he or she cannot be considered as literate. Similarly, if a person was literate some time ago but cannot read and write with understanding at the time of the interview then you must consider him/her illiterate and enter code 1 in the box (i.e. not literate). For instance, if a person completed middle form 4 or JSS/JHS 3 and can no longer read and write with understanding, you must consider him/her non-literate.

The following are the categories for literacy:

22. Does he/she know how to read and write?
[] 1 Yes
[] 2 No

10. Level of education: Mark an X next to the answer that corresponds to the highest degree attained by the respondent. In addition, in cases 1 or 2, for higher education degrees from a university or other school of higher education, specify: a) the educational institution and b) the department they graduated from.

12. Level of education

-Provide only one answer, which corresponds to the highest level of study completed by the respondent.
-Answer 1 refers to those who have attained a Ph.D. or a Master's degree.


(3)

Education

15. Literacy: Does the person know how to read and write?

These questions should be asked exclusively of the persons who have informed that they are seven years old or older.

Question 15: Literacy

Does the person know how to read and write?

[p. 42]

Mark the small box 1 when the person can read and write a simple paragraph in any language.

The small box 2 should be marked in any of these cases:
a) When he or she does not know how to read nor write a simple paragraph;
b) When he or she only knows how to read;
c) When he or she only knows how to sign and/or write his other name; and
d) For persons who at one time knew how to read and write, but have forgotten how to do so.

For persons younger than seven years old, you should make an X over the box corresponding to this question.

11. Literacy

Questions 11-14 refer to the literacy and educational level of the enumerated person; either he or she completed the degree or is currently studying. For this reason, only persons aged seven and older are asked these questions.

The purpose of these questions is to find out the educational level of the population with respect to their demographic, economic, and social characteristics.

Question 11: literacy

1. How to ask the question:
Ask, "Do you know how to read and write?"

The following definitions will help you investigate this question set:
Literate: this person knows how to read and write a simple paragraph in Spanish or another language.

Illiterate: this person does not know how to read or write, or only knows how to read, or who can only write his or her name (signature).

2. How to record the answer:
If the answer is positive, mark an "X" in the box next to the word "yes." Mark an "X" in the box next to the word "no" if the answer is negative.

3. Example:
[This box contains question 11 of the section VI "people in the census household."]

For those 7 years of age and older
[Questions 13 - 15 were asked for persons age 7+ old]

13. Literacy

Are you able to read and write?

Question 13: literacy

1. How to formulate the question

Do you know how to read and write?

The following definitions will help the enumerator to investigate this question.

Literate: The person who knows how to read and write a simple paragraph in Spanish or in another language.

[p. 73]

Illiterate: The person who does not know how to either read or write, or who only knows how to read or can only write his or her name (signature).

2. How to record the data

According to the answer, the number "1. yes" or "2. no" is circled. If an informant does not know if the literacy condition of the person in question, the category "9. Unknown" is circled.

3. Example:

[These instructions refer to a graphic of question 13 of the census form]

13. Literacy

13. Literacy
A person who is literate is a person who can read and write a simple message, idea or paragraph in Spanish or another language.

Ask, "Do you know how to read and write?"

[A graphic of box 13, "literacy," is reproduced on the right-hand side of the page.]

If the person only knows how to read, or only knows how to write, mark the circle for "no."

For persons of age 7 years and older
[Questions 12 to 20 are for persons of age 7 years and older]

12.Do you know how to read and write?

This section records individual information for a maximum of ten people - those listed in section 6, "total number of persons in the household." If there are more than ten people in the census household use as many additional forms as necessary.

[A graphic of the "individual characteristics", located at the top of section 7 of the census form, is included here.]

Person number: In the grid spaces on the upper left side of the form, write the number that corresponds to the person according to the order from the list of persons in section VI. The head of household is number 1.

Name: In the appropriate space, write the name of each of the persons who make up the household according to the order in which they appear on the list in question 3 of section VI. Begin with the head of household and continue writing according to the order established.

Information supplied by respondent: This is when the person interviewed gives information about his/her own self. Fill in the appropriate oval according to the information you receive.

Questions 1-11 should be asked for all permanent residents of the household in the dwelling.

Questions 12-20 are for persons aged seven or older.

12. Literacy
Ask, "Does the person know how to read and write?"

[A graphic of question 12, from section 7 of the census form, is included here.]

A person who is literate knows how to read and write in a certain language.

12. Literacy

Column (11): Literacy
122. A person is considered literate in a language if he/she knows how to read and write in that language. Depending on whether or not the person being interviewed is literate or not, record:

P13 Literacy
[This code is a concatenated code with 2nd adding]

Residents of 12 years or more
[Questions P26 and P27 were asked of resident persons 12 years or more.]

P26. Literacy

12. Do you know how to read and write?

Column 12- Do You Know How to Read and Write? There are 3 possible answers to this question. Write an "x" in the box corresponding to the answer you are given. For someone to be considered able to read and write it is not enough that he/she knows how to read numbers or to write his/her name; the person must be able to read or write a text made up of a few simple, commonly-used words.

14. Literacy: Does this person know how to read and write?

Question 14: Literacy (reading and writing)
75. The data on the reading and writing aptitude must allow you to distinguish between the literate and the illiterate. An illiterate person is a person incapable of reading and writing, with understanding, a short and simple statement of facts related to daily life. As a consequence, a person capable only of reading and writing numbers and his name must be considered as illiterate, just as is the case for a person who knows how to read but cannot write or a person who can only read and write something which they have learned by heart.

14. Does this person know how to read and write?

For persons 5 years of age and older
[Questions 8-10 were asked of people aged 5 years or older]

8. Are you able to read and write?

Column number 8: Are you able to read and write? (in any language)
Write "Yes" or "No" according to the answer.

9. Are you able to read and write?

9. Are you able to read and write?
If the person can to read and write, an "X" is marked in circle 1. If the person only reads, circle 2 is marked.

[These instructions refer to an illustration of a person reading.]

For persons 5 years old or more
[Questions 6-11 were asked of persons aged 5 years or older.]

7. Does [the person] know how to read and write?

Question 7: Do you know how to read and write?
You should mark the box that corresponds to the answer received.

Remember that is the person:

II. For all ages

8. Ability to read and write

Q.6 Can write and read

C. Block VII.B: Persons age 5 or older

Question 6: Ability to read and write
Someone is considered able to read and write if he/she can read and write a sentence of a few simple words written in a given alphabet. If the respondent can read/write Latin and other alphabets, circle code "1" ("Latin alphabet").

Note:

VI-B. Persons age 5 or older
[Questions 14-23.]

23. Can write and read?

Question 23: Ability to read and write
A person is said to be able to read and write if he/she is able to read and write a letter or a simple sentences using a certain alphabet.
Note:

516. School attendance

521. Able to read and write

Question 521: Ability to read and write
A person is said able to read and write if [he/she] is able to read and write a letter/simple sentences using a certain alphabet. This question is only asked to the respondents who did not pass elementary school (P519=01).
Note:

Question 620: Ability to read and write
Someone is considered able to read and write if he/she can read and write a sentence of a few simple words written in a given alphabet.

Note:

Question 620: Ability to read and write
Someone is considered able to read and write if he/she can read and write a sentence of a few simple words written in a given alphabet.

Note:

Question 620: Ability to read and write
Someone is considered able to read and write if he/she can read and write a sentence of a few simple words written in a given alphabet.

Note:

[Questions 213-214 were asked of persons age 5 or older who have ever attended school.]

214. Is [the respondent] able to read and write:

[Questions 213-214 were asked of persons age 5 or older who have ever attended school.]

Question 214: Ability to Read and Write
Ask: "Can (Name) read and write Latin characters" and put a mark in the oval beside "Yes" or "No" in accordance with the respondent's answer to Q214a. Also ask: "Can (Name) read and write other characters" and put a mark in the oval beside "Yes" or "No" in accordance with the respondent's answer to Q214b.
[p. 129]
Able to Read and Write

[Questions 213-214 were asked of persons age 5 or older who have ever attended school.]

214. Is [the respondent] able to read and write:

[Questions 213-214 were asked of persons age 5 or older who have ever attended school.]

Question 214: Ability to Read and Write
Ask: "Can (Name) read and write Latin characters" and put a mark in the oval beside "Yes" or "No" in accordance with the respondent's answer to Q214a. Also ask: "Can (Name) read and write other characters" and put a mark in the oval beside "Yes" or "No" in accordance with the respondent's answer to Q214b.
[p. 129]
Able to Read and Write

20. Literacy status

21.2. Literacy status, Column 20
Define literacy status for every 6 year old and above and write down the proper code in column 20.
[] 1 Literate: consider everyone who can read and write a simple text in Farsi or any other language a literate person, whether they have an official document or not. All the students (codes 1 and 2 in column 19) are in this category.
[] 2 Illiterate: put down code 2 for those illiterate people. Consider people who can read but cannot write as illiterate. Note not to consider them illiterate only because they are deaf or blind or have speaking disorders; write down code 1 for them if they can read and write.

19. Literacy status

68. Persons without certificate

5.2 Indicate the highest educational degree obtained amongst those listed below

P19. Literacy:

Does [the respondent] know how to read and write a simple statement in any language?

11. Education

In subquestion 11.1, Code 11 "Yes" is to be encircled for persons who can read and write and Code 12 "No" for persons who can neither read nor write.
If the enumerator finds difficult to determine the educational attainment, he/she should note on a clear part the name of the educational establishment the person in question graduated from or is (or was) enrolled, how many grades he/she completed and in which year.

11. Can [the respondent] read and write Lao?

Question 11: Can [the respondent] read and write in Lao language?
The purpose of this question is to measure the literacy rate.

For a person to be considered literate (able to read and write) he/she must at least be able to read a newspaper or a bill-board and also at least be able to write a simple letter in official Lao. Note that both conditions (read and write) must be fulfilled for a positive response to be entered and also that the question refers to Lao official language.
Circle the appropriate answer. For not known, enter "9".

11. Can [the respondent] read and write Lao?

Question 11: Can [the respondent] read and write in Lao language?
The purpose of this question is to measure the literacy rate.
For a person to be considered literate (able to read and write) he/she must at least be able to read a newspaper or a bill-board and also at least be able to write a simple letter in official Lao. Note that both conditions (read and write) must be fulfilled for a positive response to be entered and also that the question refers to Lao official language.
Indicate the response by ticking the appropriate box.

Q18. Can you read and write with understanding?

Question Q18: Can you read and write Lao or other languages?
The purpose of this question is to gather data to calculate the literacy rate of all Lao citizens aged 6 years and above.
 
Lao language: refers to the official language of the Lao PDR
 
Other languages: refers to foreign languages such as English, Thai, Chinese, Vietnamese, and other languages but include the language of ethnic groups in Lao PDR.
 
Cannot speak any language: means not being able to read or write Lao or other languages.
The question is focused on the ability to read and write the Lao language correctly according to Lao grammar, if a person can read but cannot write or can write but cannot read, it is considered that he/she cannot read and write the Lao language. If the interviewee answered that he/she can't read the Lao language, ask if he/she can write another language (foreign language). To get a complete answer from each person (in this question only one answer can be provided).
Noting down the answers, the surveyor should highlight in black the box according to the answer given by the interviewee.
 
Example: Answering questions Q18 is done as follows:
1) If the interviewee can read and write his language.
2) If the interviewee can read and write another language (foreign language).
3) If the interviewee cannot read and write any language.
 
[A figure is omitted here]

23. Does (the respondent) know how to read and write?

93. Column 23: Does (name) know how to read and write?

10. Literacy
Can person read and write English?

P18. Literacy

j. Literacy

Persons aged 5 years or more

[Questions (j) and (k) on Literacy and Education apply only to persons aged 5 years or more. Never ask any of these questions to persons younger than 5 years]

(j) Literacy

Able to read and write Chichewa: Ask whether each person is able to read and write a simple statement in Chichewa. Record the appropriate code for the response (yes or no) in column 30.
The codes are:

B10. Literacy: English

3. Persons age 5 years or older

Literacy: Literacy refers to a person's ability to read and write a simple statement in Chichewa, English or any other language. Note: This is not necessarily the same as a person's ability to speak and/or understand a particular language.

B10. Able to read and write English: Ask whether each person age 5 years or older is able to read and write any simple statement in English. Record the appropriate code for the response in column B10.

P16. Can [the respondent] read and write in the following languages?

P16. Literacy
Questions on literacy should be asked for persons 3 years and over. The enumerator should find out if the respondent can read and write a short sentence in any of the following languages: Chichewa, Tumbuka, English, and other. Then shade the appropriate code.

If a person can read and write, say, Chichewa and English, you enter the sum of codes in the boxes provided (1+2 = 3). For example, enter the sum of Chichewa and French (2+4=6), enter the sum of English and French (1+4=5). Then, shade as appropriate the digit for the sum in the row of digits provided.

37. Read a newspaper/letter

38. Write a letter?

39. What languages can you write?

37. Can you read a newspaper or a letter?

Questions 37 and 38

These questions measure the person's ability to read and write. If the person can only read and write a few words you should not record him as having the ability to read and write. It is important to ask the question as stated, that is, whether a person can read a newspaper or letter and whether he can write a simple letter. Persons who answer 'No' to Question 37 need not be asked Question 38.

In some cases you may find that it is rather silly to ask these questions of those who have attended secondary school, college, etc. To avoid this, you can ask these questions only of those who have never attended school or has only been to primary school. If the person has had secondary education and above, you can straight away mark the 'yes' boxes in Questions 37and 38. However, in any case of doubt, you should always ask the question.

C20. Can you read and write in any language?

14. Knows how to read and write

14. Ability to read and write:

Information given about this question allows the illiterate population to be distinguished from the literate population.

Definitions: A literate person is one who is able to read, write and understand in any written language a brief text related to his daily life. An illiterate person would be one who does not know how to read or write.
As a result, a person who speaks only one language (French, for example) without being able to write it or write it, should not be considered a literate person. Likewise a

[Page 30]
person who only knows how to read and write his name and some numbers, or a single, very basic phrase, should not be considered literate.

To find out the ability of the household members to read and write ask the following question: "Do you know how to read and write French, Arabic, the national language or any other written language?"

a. If the answer is "Yes", write:

For persons aged 12 years and above
[Questions 27-28]

28. Literacy [see bottom of this document]

1.2.3. Population aged 12 years and more

28. Column P28: Adult literacy

The data to be gathered from this question will allow one to distinguish between the literate and the illiterate persons within the population.

Definition: A literate person is a person able to read and write in any written language, and understand it, a short text related to daily life. An illiterate person will be a person who does not know how to read and write.

As a consequence, a person who only knows to speak a language (for instance French), without being able to read it and to write it, shall not be considered as literate. Likewise, a person who only knows how to read and write his or her name, or numbers, and who does not know how to read and write a very elementary sentence, shall not be counted as literate.

The question to be asked for gathering the ability to read and write, to household members aged 12 years of more is: "Does name know how to read and write in French, in Arabic, in any National language, or in any other written language?"

P30) Literacy
Does (name know how to read and write?

6.2.3.29 Literacy (Column P30)
The data collected through this question will allow us to distinguish the illiterate from the literate in the population. A literate person is able to read and write in any language. He is able to understand written text related to his everyday life. In contrast, an illiterate is a person who cannot read or write.

Instruction: A person who only speaks one language (e.g. French) without knowing how to read and write is illiterate. Similarly, a person who can only read and write his name and numbers or who can read and write a very basic expression is illiterate.

The question that must be asked to address the ability to read and write for household members aged 12 years or more is: "Can [NAME] read and write in French, Arabic, the national language or any other written language?"

a. If the answer to the question is "Yes," enter the code corresponding to the answer in accordance with the terms listed at the bottom of the questionnaire.

b. If the answer to the question is "No" Enter Code "5" for "a person who can neither read nor write."

Instruction: Enter "0" for all persons under the age of 12, i.e. people not relevant for this question.

For persons aged 2 years and over:

19 Languages read and written ____

Consider creole and bhojpuri as languages.

Write 'None' for persons (including children) who cannot read and write any language.

For persons aged 2 years and over:
[Column 19 to 21 were asked of persons age 2 and older.]

19. Languages read and written ____

[Stop at column 18 for children under 2 years of age. Note that columns 19-21 are for persons aged 2 years and over.]

Column 19 - Languages read and written
State the language(s) in which the person can, with understanding, both read and write a simple statement in his or her everyday life. Do not include a language in which the person can read and write only his (her) name, figures, and memorized phrases.
For census purposes, consider creole, bhojpuri, etc. as languages
For persons (including children), who cannot read and write any language, write none.

[Question P20 to P22 were asked of persons aged 2 years and over]

P20. Languages read and written

P20 - Language read and written
The answers to this question help to assess the level of literacy and the need for literacy programs.

8. How to fill in the Population Census Questionnaire

P20 - Languages read and written
[figure omitted]

State the language(s) in which the person can, with understanding, both read and write a simple statement in his/her everyday life by shading the appropriate box.

Do not include a language in which the person can read and write only his/her name, figures and memorized phrases.

For persons (including children), who cannot read and write any language, shade box "0" for None.

For census purposes, consider Creole, Bhojpuri, etc. as languages.

For persons (including children), who can with understanding, both read and write (i) Creole; (ii) English and (iii) French; shade boxes "1" for Creole; "6" for English and "7" for French.

For a person who reported "9 - Other languages", write in the adjacent boxes, the other languages the person can both read and write, with understanding. An example is given below:
[figure omitted]

Note: Multiple answers are possible for question on "Languages read and write".

8. Literacy. (Mark with an X)

This person:

8. Literacy

Does this person know how to read and write a message?
Mark with an X one circle only.

8. Literacy

A person is considered literate if the person knows how to read and write a message. If the person about whom you are asking the information only knows how to write his/her name or some numbers, it is understood that the person does not know how to read and write.

Illiteracy
5.1 Does (Name) know how to read and write a message?

5.1 Illiteracy

The question is directed to the population five years old or older. With it, the ability of the population between six and fourteen years old to read and write is to be known. Also it permits us to distinguish people 15 years older or older who know how to read and write (literate) from those who do not (illiterate).

When the answer is affirmative, circle code 1, in the contrary case, circle code 2.

[p. 102]

A person knows how to read to write when he or she can read and write a message. Not knowing how to read and write is considered when a person can only write his or her name, isolated words, some numbers or can only read ads, signs his or her name and small phrases.

If an informant responds "a little, " "not much," "more or less," "I write with ugly penmanship," it is necessary to know if the person can really read or write. For this, questions are asked like "can you read and write a letter?" or "Can you write something that has happened to you?"

Consider that there are people who know how to read and write and do not necessarily attend or attended school. Also, there are those who attend school yet do not know how to read or write. Because of this, whatever the answer the following questions should not be omitted.

13. Literacy

Does this person know how to read and write a message? Circle only one answer.

3.7 Illiteracy
Does (Name) know how to read and write a message?
Mark a single answer

3.7 Illiteracy

With this question, people who know how to read and write a message are distinguished from those who do not know how to do it.

Take into account that following indications:

Now I am going to ask you about (name): ________
Copy the name of the person from section II

For persons age 5 or older
[Questions 21-23 were asked of persons age 5 or older]

21. Literacy
Can [the respondent] read and write a message?

In this section the information of the people who inhabit the dwelling, like the sex, age, level of studies, income, among others, is obtained.

Before requesting the information for each person, copy all the names in the spaces designated for them, and for each person start with the phrase: "Now I'm going to ask about (mention the name of the person you previously noted)", so that the informer knows about whom you will be asking the information.

For people age 5 or older
[Questions 21-22 are for persons age 5 or older]

21. Literacy
Consider that a person knows how to read and write when at least he/she can read and write a message in some tongue or language, however this might be.

Also record code 1 when he/she can't read and write because of some accident, sickness, or advanced age, but knows or knew how to do so.

A person doesn't know how to read and write if he/she can only write his/her name, some words, numbers, and read announcements.

Repeat the question after responses like: "Not a lot", "More or less" or "I write letters poorly", to verify if he/she really knows how to read and write.

23. Literacy
Does [the respondent] know how to read and write a note?
[Circle one code]

A person cannot read and write if only can write his/her name, some words, numbers, and read advertisements. When the response is "not much", "more or less", or "write with ugly letter", ask whether the person can read and write a complete message to see if he/she is really literate.

In this section, information is obtained for each of the people living in the housing unit.

Before requesting data for each resident, copy the details from Section II. List people and general data, their names, gender, and age, and write them down in the spaces provided. Do not forget to correct the person number when using more than one questionnaire.

[Figure omitted: image with text]

For the respondent to know who to provide the information about, start with the sentence: "Now I'm going to ask you about...", and mention the name of the person you previously wrote down.

Apply questions 1 through 11 for all the people who are habitual residents, including children, as well as elderly people.

24. Literacy
This question identifies people who are of 5 years and older who can read and write a message.

Read the question mentioning the name of the person and circle the answer.

Consider that the person does know how to do it when:

A person is not literate if he/she can only write his/her name, a few words, and numbers and read advertisements.

For answers such as "not much", "more or less" or "my handwriting is bad", ask if the person can read and write a complete message, to verify if he/she really knows how to read and write.

[p. 355]

[Figure omitted: image with text]

The literacy question is presented in the census manager as follows:

[Figure omitted: image with text]

12. Literacy:

Q14: Literacy (knows to read and write)

14. Read and write:

Q15. Read and write:

For persons age 10 or older
[Questions 15-16.]

Q15. Read and write:

Literacy and education

11. Literacy: languages read and written

Q11: Literacy: languages read and written. Every person capable of reading and writing a simple paragraph related to its daily life is literate. Hence, a person is illiterate if his/her capabilities do not go beyond reading and writing his own name, numbers or a memorized poem. Blind persons mastering the Braille methods to read and write are considered literate. Enumerator should indicate which language the person reads and writes, by noting the appropriate code. Leave empty for persons younger than 10.

25. Literacy and languages

FOR PEOPLE AGED 5+ ONLY.

14. Say whether the person: (in any language)

P14. Say if:
This question aims to find out: the interviewee: knows only how to read; knows only how to write, or not does read or write in any language.
Keep in mind that:

For peopled aged 5+ only.

18. Say whether (in any language) the person:

P18. Say whether (in any language):

With this Question we intend to know whether the respondent Can read and write, Can read only or Cannot read nor write in ANY LANGUAGE. For this Question there should be only one response.

Be aware that:

Education (19 through 21)

19. Can [the respondent] read and write in any language?

Question 19: Literacy

163. Ask "can [the respondent] read and write in any language? This is to read and write with understanding. Mark the response as provided by the responses.

164. It is important to note that some people may have never been to school yet they have learned how to read and write. Others have learned how to read and write through adult education classes (non-formal education system) or similar programs. Yet others might have attended school, but do not know or might have lost how to read or write over time. No literacy test will be administered during the census enumeration. You are required to accept the respondent's self-assessment of reading and writing. If a person can read but not write, mark "2 - no". That is they have to be able to do both (read and write). Same to those who can write, but not read. Writing or reading only a person's name is not sufficient to be regarded as literate.

8. Can ____ read and write?

For person 5 years and above
[Question 13 to 15 asked of persons 5 years and above.]

[13] Can [the respondent] read and write?

Column 13: does [the respondent] know how to read and write (literate)?
(Only to the aged 5 years or above)

If a person knows how to read, write, and count in any language, he should be considered literate. The person who can only read should not be considered literate. The person who can only count or have numeracy skills for daily general activities should be considered a person who can only count. Therefore, to be literate, one should be able to read, write, and count in a language. The person who can read in a language and copy to write only his or her name, should not be counted as literate.

If a person can only read in a language but cannot write, then just say he or she can read. Some people only can read, but cannot write. If the enumerated person can read and write in any one of the scripts, circle the reference 1. If the person can only read, circle the reference 2. If the person cannot read and write, circle the reference 3. If a person has studied for some years in a formal education system, i.e. in a school, then he should read and write. A person who has not taken formal education (e.g. has not enrolled in school) might have studied at home or studied going to child or adult literacy classes or might have studied in similar ways and learned to read and write. Ask to each enumerated person and be clear about whether he/she knows how to read and write and circle the appropriate reference number.

11. Literacy

Are you able to read and write?

Question #11: Literacy
This question is only presented to those persons age 6 or older.

Literacy
8. This person:

14. [The person]:

Question 14. [The person]:

Read the options and mark an "X" next to the one stated by the informant.

A person can read and write when s/he can read and write at least a message or a paragraph.

A person cannot read or write in the following cases:
a) Can read a little but can't write.
b) Can only read and write his/her name or disconnected words.
c) Used to read and write but forgot how.
d) Can write only but can't read.

11. Literacy