[Questions 22-40 were asked of persons age 15+, per question 21.]

40. Income for 1970 (State in dollars only)

40. Please note these important points:
1. Information on your questionnaire is strictly confidential by law and no individual or department outside of DBS has access to your personal records.
2. Just as your census questionnaire can never be seen by the Taxation Department, your income tax form can never be seen by the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. This is why we ask you to report income again on your census document.
3. Income reported in this question should be the total received during the calendar year 1970.
4. Please give amounts in dollars only. Do not report cents.
5. If you are not sure of an answer, make your best estimate.
6. Please answer every part of this question whether you were working or not. If you had no income from a given source, fill the "None" circle.
7. If you received income from abroad, please quote it in Canadian dollars. However, if you immigrated to Canada since January 1, 1970, do not report income received before your arrival in Canada.

(a) Report total wages and salaries before deductions for income tax, pensions, etc. (do not give take-home pay). Include military pay and allowances and add in all tips, commissions and bonuses received during 1970. Do not include free room and board or reimbursement for travel or other work expenses. Salesmen who worked for more than one company, or who maintained their own office or staff, should report in part (b). Owners of an unincorporated business should report I part (b) or (c).

[p. 19]

(b) Give an amount only if you owned and operated a non-farm, unincorporated business or profession during 1970, whether by yourself or in partnership. Please report net earnings (gross receipts minus expenses of operation). Do not subtract personal deductions such as income tax and pensions.
In case of a partnership, report only your share of the earnings. If you lost money, give amount and write "Loss".

(c) Give an amount only if you operated a farm in 1970, by yourself or in partnership. Give your net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and costs of operation). In cases of partnership, report only your share of the earnings. Cash advances should be included in gross receipts for the year in which they are received. Wheat reduction payments should also be included as farm income when determining "net income from operating a farm". Answer the question even if you employed a fired manager to run your farm, and deduct the manager's salary as expenses. If you rent out your farm, report your rent receipts in part (d) 6. If you lost money, give amount and write "Loss".

(d)

1. Report family and youth allowances if you actually received the cheques. Do not report them to the children for whom they are paid. Payments are usually made to the mother or legal guardian.
2. Do not include retirement pensions to civil servants, RCMP or military personnel. These should be reported in (d) 4.
3. Include here also workmen's compensation, mothers' allowances, pensions for widows, the blind and the disabled, as well as cash welfare payments and training allowances from all levels of government. Include veterans' disability pensions and allowances. Retirement pensions for career military personnel should be reported in (d) 4.
4. Report here any income you received as a result of previous employment by yourself or a deceased relative. Include pensions to retired RCMP, career military or Civil Service employees, and all annuities regardless of who purchased them. Do not include cash refunds made in a lump sum.
5. Report interest from deposits in banks, trust companies, co-operatives, Credit Unions, etc., as well as bound and debenture interest and all dividends.
6. Include here net rents from real estate (including farm land), mortgage and loan interest, regular income from an estate or trust fund, and interest from insurance policies. If this total is a loss, write "Loss" beneath the entry.
7. Include here all regular income (not one-time lump-sum payments) not covered in the questions above. Examples are:

(i) Alimony;
(ii) Child support;
(iii) Payments from Children's Aid for care of wards;
(iv) Periodic support from persons not in the household;
(v) Net income from roomers and boarders;
(vi) Income from abroad (i.e. pensions) except dividends and interest, which should go into (d) 5; and
(vii) Scholarships.

[Questions 31-46 were asked of persons age 15+, per question 30.]

46. During the year ending December 31, 1980, did you receive any income or suffer any loss from the sources listed below?

STEP 10: Answer Questions 20 to 45 for each person aged 15 and over.

Income in 1990
45. During the year ending December 31, 1990, did this person receive any income or suffer any loss from the sources listed below?

Answer Questions 20 to 45 for each person aged 15 and over, that is, for each person born before June 4, 1976.

23. Answer questions 24 to 51 for each person aged 15 and over.

Income in 2000
51. During the year ending December 31, 2000, did this person receive any income from the sources listed below?

Question 51 -- Income in 2000

General instructions
Complete Question 51 for all persons aged 15 and over, whether or not they worked or had income in 2000.
Report annual income received from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000 for each applicable source in parts (a) to (j) as well as the total income from all sources. If you are not sure of the exact amount for a source, give your best estimate. If necessary, consult your 2000 income tax return and information slips.
Report income obtained from outside Canada in Canadian dollars.

Part (a) -- Total wages and salaries
Include: total wages and salaries from all jobs before deductions for income tax, pensions, etc. (Do not report take-home pay only.); commissions, tips, cash bonuses and casual earnings; military pay and allowances; benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans; employer or union supplementary unemployment benefits.
Report retirement allowances and severance pay in part (j).
If using T4 slips to answer part (a), report the amount in Box 14 minus the amounts in Boxes 30 to 40.

For individuals 10 years of age and older[Applies to questions 51-64.]

63. How much did you earn in your principal job or employment during the year 1980, or during the last month?

For persons 10 years of age and older

Question 63: How much money was earned at this job for the year 1980 or last month?

The monthly or annual amount declared is recorded.

This amount should refer to the job or employment recorded in the previous questions.

For economically active persons (also self-employed, farmers, family workers)
[Questions 24-26 were asked of economically active persons]

26. What monthly net income do you derive from your economic activity?

D. Information on economic activity

Ask of household members age 10 or older. Ask questions person by person.

D14-20. Usual activity during the past year

D20. Monthly income

What was your average monthly income during the past year, including wages and salaries and other income both in money and in kind?

D. Economic activity

Questions for all columns in this section should only be asked to household members age 10 or older. For household members younger than 10, these columns should not be filled in at all.

Column (10) Average monthly wage/salary
Ask the question about wage/salary only to people who worked during the past year or ever worked during the past year with job status of laborer/employee.

An average monthly wage/salary is the amount on average the person receives in one month. This is the gross wage/salary plus any other subsidies, salary in kind, etc.

Ask the question as follows:

Write the number in thousands of rupiah.

VI. Economic activity of persons age 10 or older
[Questions 601 to 615]

609. Average salary/wage during previous month from primary activity

6.6. Block VI. Activities of household members age 10 or older
This block is used to collect characteristics on the economic activities of every household member who is 10 or older, such as field of business, type and work status and number of working days/hours during the past week.

The work force of the community age 10 or older is categorized into two groups: work force and non-work force. The work force are those who have jobs during the past week, those who are working or temporarily not working due to a certain cause such as waiting for harvest, on leave, etc. Also included in this group are those who do not have a job but are seeking one/hopefully obtaining a job. The non-working force are those who during the week only attended school, took care of a household, and others who do not do any activities that could be categorized as working, temporarily not working, or seeking a job.

There are several questions that are specifically asked to people who are either working or seeking a job, and also some for the non-working force who attends school, takes care of a household, elderly people, or other non-economic activities. Then there are some that confirm the number of people who are categorized as working force and non-working force.

This block consists of 16 questions: P601 to P615, beginning with the most frequent activity conducted during the week through the field of business during the previous year.

Question 609: Average salary/net salary received during the past month from the main work
P609 is only asked if P608 is coded 4, with the status as a worker/employee.

[p.63]

Wages/net salary is the income received by a worker/employee paid in cash or in goods by the establishment/employer after deductions with discounts, obligatory contribution, income taxes, etc. by the establishment/office/employer. Income received in goods is valued at the local price.

Write down the wages/net salary that is usually received by the workers/employee during the past month based on the respondent's answer.

1. Write in the provided space, then convert into a monthly [salary], the salary/net wages of workers who is paid every day, every several days, or per week for workers.

2. For workers who usually receive salary/net wages paid monthly, fill in the salary/wages in the month

If the wages/net salary usually received during a month is:
a. In cash, fill into P609 Question 1 in the provided space and move into the boxes, then fill in a dash in Question 2
b. In goods which have been valued with the local price, fill into P609 Question 2 in the provided space and move into the boxes, then fill in a dash in Question 1.
c. In cash and in goods, fill into P609 Question 1 for cash and the value of in goods then move into the provided boxes

Repeat the question once more if the salary/wages received seem too extreme

Example:
a. Mr. Maladi an employee of BSB Bank receives salary in cash Rp. 356,350 per month

b. A farmer hand each month receives an intensive 50 kg of rice and 10 kg of cassava. The local market price for rice is Rp. 350 per kg and cassava Rp. 80 per kg.

c. An armed forces member (ABRI) receives each month Rp. 150,000, rice 50 kg, granulated sugar 50 kg, compensation for side dishes Rp. 20,000; the local price for rice is Rp. 350 per kg and granulated sugar Rp. 500 per kg and a pair of clothes Rp. 15,000.

VI. Economic activity of persons age 10 or older
[Questions 601 to 615]

609. Average salary/wage during previous month from primary activity

6.6. Block VI. Activities of household members age 10 or older
This block is used to collect characteristics on the economic activities of every household member who is 10 or older, such as field of business, type and work status and number of working days/hours during the past week.

The work force of the community age 10 or older is categorized into two groups: work force and non-work force. The work force are those who have jobs during the past week, those who are working or temporarily not working due to a certain cause such as waiting for harvest, on leave, etc. Also included in this group are those who do not have a job but are seeking one/hopefully obtaining a job. The non-working force are those who during the week only attended school, took care of a household, and others who do not do any activities that could be categorized as working, temporarily not working, or seeking a job.

There are several questions that are specifically asked to people who are either working or seeking a job, and also some for the non-working force who attends school, takes care of a household, elderly people, or other non-economic activities. Then there are some that confirm the number of people who are categorized as working force and non-working force.

This block consists of 16 questions: P601 to P615, beginning with the most frequent activity conducted during the week through the field of business during the previous year.

Question 609: Average salary/net salary received during the past month from the main work
P609 is only asked if P608 is coded 4, with the status as a worker/employee.

[p.63]

Wages/net salary is the income received by a worker/employee paid in cash or in goods by the establishment/employer after deductions with discounts, obligatory contribution, income taxes, etc. by the establishment/office/employer. Income received in goods is valued at the local price.

Write down the wages/net salary that is usually received by the workers/employee during the past month based on the respondent's answer.

1. Write in the provided space, then convert into a monthly [salary], the salary/net wages of workers who is paid every day, every several days, or per week for workers.

2. For workers who usually receive salary/net wages paid monthly, fill in the salary/wages in the month

If the wages/net salary usually received during a month is:
a. In cash, fill into P609 Question 1 in the provided space and move into the boxes, then fill in a dash in Question 2
b. In goods which have been valued with the local price, fill into P609 Question 2 in the provided space and move into the boxes, then fill in a dash in Question 1.
c. In cash and in goods, fill into P609 Question 1 for cash and the value of in goods then move into the provided boxes

Repeat the question once more if the salary/wages received seem too extreme

Example:
a. Mr. Maladi an employee of BSB Bank receives salary in cash Rp. 356,350 per month

b. A farmer hand each month receives an intensive 50 kg of rice and 10 kg of cassava. The local market price for rice is Rp. 350 per kg and cassava Rp. 80 per kg.

c. An armed forces member (ABRI) receives each month Rp. 150,000, rice 50 kg, granulated sugar 50 kg, compensation for side dishes Rp. 20,000; the local price for rice is Rp. 350 per kg and granulated sugar Rp. 500 per kg and a pair of clothes Rp. 15,000.

[Questions 1-28 were asked of household members aged 15 years or older]

[Work]
[Questions 14-23]

[Questions 17-23 were asked of persons age 15+ who did not serve in professional army last week, per question 14]

[Questions 18-23 were asked of persons age 15+ who did not serve in professional army last week, per question 14, but worked in Israel during the previous 12 months, per question 17]

Income from salaried employment, from membership in a cooperative or as a soldier in the professional army:

27. What was your gross income (before deductions) from wages or salary, from all the work places in which you were employed in Israel, for each of the three months: April, March and February 1983.

33. Question 27 -- explanations: Income from work as salaried employee

A. In this answer include incomes from salaried-work, including: incomes of cooperative members from salaried work and from cooperative profits, incomes of a soldier in compulsory/regular service.
If a person works in several jobs, include the gross income from all workplaces.
If a person has income from salaried-work as well as self-employed work, specify his/her income from salaried work in question 27 and income from self-employed work in question 28.

B. Whoever received salary for his/her work in at least one of the three months mentioned in the question, is asked to examine his/her paycheck and copy the gross wage -- for each month separately.
We are interested in the gross income, since it is not affected by random deductions in one month or another or deductions to the worker's personal status.

Notice!
In order to avoid mistakes, encourage the person to copy the sum from his/her paycheck.

[p. 41]

[Instructions refer to a graphic of the census form including question 27.]

C. "Gross income" includes all payments received by the worker (such as: overtime pay, premiums, 13th salary, refund of expenses, etc.), payments for car allowance, board and lodging and other additions. The gross income should also include payments received from the employer/other sources for periods of absence from work due to sickness, holiday, reserve army service, accident, birth, etc.

"Gross income" is the income before the following deductions: income tax, uniform tax, social security, insurance payments, pension payments, labor union taxes, etc.

"Net income" is the sum left after deducting income tax and social security payments from the gross income and before deducting all other payments.

"Sum for payment" is the sum left in the workers hands after all other deductions (uniform tax, repayment of loans, etc.).

[p. 42]

D. If a person does not know his/her gross income, he/she should write his/her net income. If a person does not receive a paycheck, but receives his salary each month in cash -- with no deductions whatsoever, he/she should register the sum received as net salary.
For example: A nanny receiving a sum of 6000 shekels a month, and the sum is not taxed -- should register her income as following:
[Instructions refer to a graphic of the census form including question 27D.]

E. If a 13th salary has been received in one of the three months, it should be divided in 12 and the quotient added to the monthly gross amount.

F. The sum of the monthly income should be rounded to the nearest shekel and written in the squares, from right to left.
For example: if the gross income in April was 10,340.35 shekels, write--

[Instructions refer to a graphic of the census form including question 27F.]

In any case, mark whether the amount specified is net or gross income (circle the appropriate number).

Notice!
If the family has not written the sum properly, you should correct it and write the sum from right to left, rounded to the nearest shekel.

Part C: Anyone 15 years and older is requested to fill-in both pages

[Questions 14-38 were asked of people 15 years or older.]

34. What was your gross income (before deductions) from wages for the month of September 1995?

29. Question 34

34. What was your gross income (before deductions) from your salary, in September 1995?

29.1 Gross income from salary

Gross income from salary includes all the payments the worker received from his work as an employee for the month of September.

Gross income includes the basic payments and all the extra payments, like: payments for extra hours, premium, 13th month salary, payment for recreation time, clothing, board and lodging, payments for car maintenance etc.

Gross income is the income before deductions of revenue taxes, National Security [Social Security], health insurance, payments to insurance funds, pension and compensation funds, to return a loan or any other deduction from the salary.

The gross income is important since it is uniform [in its components] and is not influenced by random deduction in one month or another, or from deductions related to the personal status of the worker (like: place of residence [along the borders and in developing towns the taxes are lower], number of children, loans, savings etc.).

29.2 Net income from salary

Only if there is no way to get the gross income, write the net income.

Net income is the sum remains after the deduction of income tax and social security from the gross income, and before the deduction of all other payments.

29.3 Additional explanations to question 34

A. A person who did not work as an employee in September has to answer question 34 too. He has to mark an x in the box on the left, and to go to question 36.

[p. 70]

B. In order to avoid errors, the employees are asked to copy the gross income from their paycheck.

C. Those who were absent from work on September, because of illness, vacation, reserve duty, accident etc, are to include in the gross income the payments received for the time of absence, from the employer or from other sources.

D. A person who worked as an employee in several workplaces in September has to sum up all the gross income received from all workplaces.

E. If on September, a person had an income from work as an employee and as a self-employed, he will write his income as an employee in this question (question 34) and his income as a self-employed in question 36.

F. Cooperative members will include in this question their income from work as employees and also their income from the cooperative revenues.

G. If the employee does not get a paycheck, and gets his salary in cash, he has to write it as a net income.

H. If on October, the person has not received his salary for the month of September, he has to write the salary paid for August.

29.4 How to write [the answer]

Write the income from right to left, in whole Israeli Shekels (without the Agorot).
Examples: 1. Income of 3,200.35 IS, Write: [Illustration]

[p. 71]

30. Question 35

35. For how many work days were you paid in the month of September 1995?

[] 1 For the whole month
[] 2 For part of the month

for _ _ days.

30.1 For the whole month

A person who received a full salary will mark the "for the whole month" answer, even if he was absent from work because of a holiday, reserve duty, sickness or any other reason.

A person who is usually employed part time, who received the full usual salary, will mark this answer too.

30.2 For part of the month

A person, whose salary for September was not a full salary, will mark an X in the box and will write the number of days he was paid for.

30.3 More than one workplace

A person, who received an income on a monthly basis and worked in more than one workplace, will refer to the main workplace, for example:

A person, who received a salary for the whole month from his main workplace, and also received a salary for part of the month from additional workplace, will mark an X in answer number 1: "For the whole month".

30.4 Daily pay

A person, who received an income on a daily basis and worked in more than one workplace (or changed his workplace in September), will sum-up the number of days he was paid for.

If he received a salary for the whole month, he will mark an X in answer 1.

If he received a salary for part of the month, he will mark an X in answer 2 and will write the number of days he was paid for.

Section 10: Income
[Persons age 14 and older]

46. Total income:

Section 10 - Income

5.82 Meaning of Income
What is required here is income from employment for persons who worked or had a job during the week preceding the Census, that is, for all individuals included at Question 27 except those, marked "Did Not Work". The question relates to income from employment only and excludes gifts, rents from property, interest and dividends, pensions and any other income other than income obtained directly from employment.
It is intended to include all income from employment, that is, income from different jobs where a person has had more than one job at

[p.64]

the same time. Add together the income from the different jobs. In special cases, even a person classified in Question 27 as an "Unpaid Worker" may have an income, for the classification in Question 27 relates to his principal activity only.
In general there are two types of income to be dealt with depending on whether the person worked for others or for himself. Persons who worked for others for pay, i.e. for wages and salaries, should give their gross income, including any overtime payments, commission, bonuses, etc. Income should include any deductions which are generally made such as Income Tax, National Insurance, National Housing Trust, Health Schemes, and any other. That is, it should be income before deductions.
For self-employed persons (employers and own account workers) on the other hand, what is required is their net receipts, that is, their total gross receipts less any wages and salaries they have to pay people working in the business, and other business expenses. It is appreciated that persons in these categories will not often be able to give their net income with absolute accuracy, but you must make every effort to help them to give as accurate a figure as possible.
In particular, many self-employed persons and some wage and salary earners might not be able to give a reasonable income figure for a short period, such as a week or a month. For example, a cane farmer reaps his cane once per year may have to give his net income for the past year, for if he gives his income for a week or month, and the period excludes the time when he received this payment, the average income will be understated. On the other hand if it includes this payment, the average income will be over-stated. Similarly, a wage earner who regularly receives an annual bonus would need either to give all his income for the year or else add a proportional part of his annual bonus to his monthly or weekly income.
There will, therefore, be some difficulty in ensuring that you obtain the accurate income for persons who receive income for different periods or from different sources.
Remember that many people do not like to tell others how much money they earn; often they do not tell this even to their own family or friends. You must therefore be tactful if you are to get the questions answered correctly and willingly.

5.83 Question 46 - Total Income
Question 46 is in two parts, and both parts must be answered. Pay-period at Question 46a indicates what length of time the amount of money scored at Question 46b refers to.

5.84 Question 46a - Pay-period

[Image omitted here]

[p.65]

First decide what is the most convenient pay-period in which to record this person's income and mark this at Question 46a. The most convenient pay-period for you to use would usually be the one in which the person receives most of his income. For example, in the case of the wage-earner who is paid weekly and gets no other income, then the pay-period used should be the week. Similarly, the month would be the most convenient pay-period for the person who receives only a monthly income. Record this answer as you obtain it.

5.85 Question 46b - Amount

[Image omitted here]

Having determined what the pay-period should be, ensure that you get the total income for that pay-period by adding together income from different sources and for different pay-periods. Enter the total in the usual way. Use Appendix V if you need to convert from one period to another.

Section 10: Income
[Persons age 14 and older]

46. Total income:

Section 10 - Income

5.82 Meaning of Income
What is required here is income from employment for persons who worked or had a job during the week preceding the Census, that is, for all individuals included at Question 27 except those, marked "Did Not Work". The question relates to income from employment only and excludes gifts, rents from property, interest and dividends, pensions and any other income other than income obtained directly from employment.
It is intended to include all income from employment, that is, income from different jobs where a person has had more than one job at

[p.64]

the same time. Add together the income from the different jobs. In special cases, even a person classified in Question 27 as an "Unpaid Worker" may have an income, for the classification in Question 27 relates to his principal activity only.
In general there are two types of income to be dealt with depending on whether the person worked for others or for himself. Persons who worked for others for pay, i.e. for wages and salaries, should give their gross income, including any overtime payments, commission, bonuses, etc. Income should include any deductions which are generally made such as Income Tax, National Insurance, National Housing Trust, Health Schemes, and any other. That is, it should be income before deductions.
For self-employed persons (employers and own account workers) on the other hand, what is required is their net receipts, that is, their total gross receipts less any wages and salaries they have to pay people working in the business, and other business expenses. It is appreciated that persons in these categories will not often be able to give their net income with absolute accuracy, but you must make every effort to help them to give as accurate a figure as possible.
In particular, many self-employed persons and some wage and salary earners might not be able to give a reasonable income figure for a short period, such as a week or a month. For example, a cane farmer reaps his cane once per year may have to give his net income for the past year, for if he gives his income for a week or month, and the period excludes the time when he received this payment, the average income will be understated. On the other hand if it includes this payment, the average income will be over-stated. Similarly, a wage earner who regularly receives an annual bonus would need either to give all his income for the year or else add a proportional part of his annual bonus to his monthly or weekly income.
There will, therefore, be some difficulty in ensuring that you obtain the accurate income for persons who receive income for different periods or from different sources.
Remember that many people do not like to tell others how much money they earn; often they do not tell this even to their own family or friends. You must therefore be tactful if you are to get the questions answered correctly and willingly.

5.83 Question 46 - Total Income
Question 46 is in two parts, and both parts must be answered. Pay-period at Question 46a indicates what length of time the amount of money scored at Question 46b refers to.

5.84 Question 46a - Pay-period

[Image omitted here]

[p.65]

First decide what is the most convenient pay-period in which to record this person's income and mark this at Question 46a. The most convenient pay-period for you to use would usually be the one in which the person receives most of his income. For example, in the case of the wage-earner who is paid weekly and gets no other income, then the pay-period used should be the week. Similarly, the month would be the most convenient pay-period for the person who receives only a monthly income. Record this answer as you obtain it.

5.85 Question 46b - Amount

[Image omitted here]

Having determined what the pay-period should be, ensure that you get the total income for that pay-period by adding together income from different sources and for different pay-periods. Enter the total in the usual way. Use Appendix V if you need to convert from one period to another.

Section 6: Economic activity
[Persons age 14 and older]

[Go to Question 8.1 for persons younger than 14 years]

6.9. How much do you / does [the respondent] earn from your/his/her job?

Section 6 - Economic Activity

5.63 General
Section 6 is comprised of Questions 6.1 - 6.9 and should be asked of persons 14 years and over. The main purpose of this section is to determine which individuals were in the WORKING FORCE of the country at some point in time. Questions 6.1 - 6.6 and Question 6.9 relate to the week preceding the census while Questions 6.7 - 6.8 relate to the preceding twelve months. The most difficult and perhaps important of the concepts here is that of WORK. It is essential therefore that you understand fully the precise definition of the term WORK in this context and that this meaning should be made clear to respondents by the method of questioning them.

5.64 Definition of Work
(a) Work includes:
Work with pay, that is:

(i) Work for others for a wage or salary including commission or tips. Work may be done either in the employment of the government, a business organization, some private or public organization or an individual. (This corresponds to the categories - Paid Employee of Government, Private Enterprise or Private Home - Q6.3).
(ii) Work as trainee (such as nurses in training) or apprentice (persons at trade)
(iii) Work for self in one's own business (including farm) which is run for profit or fees but does not employ paid help.
(This corresponds to Own Business Without Paid Employee - Q6.3)
(iv) Work for self in one's own business (including farm) which is run for profit or fees and employs paid help.

(This corresponds to Own Business With paid Employees - Q6.3).

[p.51]

(b) Work without pay in a business or farm which is run for profit, that is:

(i) Work without pay in a business or farm run for profit (usually by a relative), in cases where the individual is either supported by the owner or obtains some benefits other than cash from the running of the business (see Unpaid Worker at Q6.3).
(ii) Work as an unpaid helper in a business or other organization, in cases where the respondent is learning a trade or profession in this way, with a view to engaging in work for pay (see Unpaid Worker at Q.6.3).

Do not include in "working" those persons who:

(i) Work without money or pay for a relative or other person at tasks which did not contribute to the operation of a farm or of a business e.g. housework, gardening, odd jobs around the house or yard such as painting the fence, etc.
(ii) Work without pay assisting a relative or friend in his duties as an employee.
(iii) Work without pay either in cash or in kind as a volunteer worker for service organizations or church groups - such as the Red Cross, Boy Scouts, Girl Guides, Society for the Blind, Operation Workshop, etc.

Note also that WORK must relate to work in Jamaica. It includes, however, those persons who are residing in the territory but are on boats, ships, airplanes, etc., which may operate outside of the territory, as well as travelling salesmen, consultants, etc. Also included are persons going as contract workers to the U.S.A. for a few months to work on farms there during the crop season. Other persons who live and work outside of the country should not be classified as having worked with respect to the time they were resident outside of the country.

5.74 The meaning of Income
What is required here is income from employment for persons who worked or had a job during the week preceding the Census. The question relates to income from employment only and excludes gifts, rents from property, interest and dividends, pensions and any other income other than income obtained directly from employment.
It is intended to include all income from employment, that is, income from different jobs where a person has had more than one job at the same time. Add together the income from the different jobs. In special cases, even a person classified in Q6.3 as an "Unpaid Worker" may have an income, for the classification in Q6.3 relates to his activity during the first week of April only, and he might be receiving an income from regular job.

In general there are two types of income to be dealt with depending on whether the person worked for others or for himself. Persons who worked for others for pay, i.e. for wages and salaries, should give their gross income, including any overtime payments, commission, bonuses, etc. Income should include any deductions which are generally made such as Income Tax, National Insurance, National Housing-Trust, Health Schemes, and any other. That is, it should be income before deductions.
For self-employed persons (employers and own account workers) on the other hand, what is required is their net receipts, that is, their total gross receipts less any wages and salaries they have to pay people working in the business, and other business expenses. It is appreciated that persons in these categories will not often be able to give their net income with absolute

[p.56]

accuracy, but you must make every effort to help them to give as accurate a figure as possible.
In particular, many self-employed persons and some wage and salary earners might not be able to give a reasonable income figure for a short period, such as a week or a month. For example, a cane farmer who reaps his cane once per year may have to give his income for the past year, for if he gives his income for a week or month, and the period excludes the time when he received this payment, the average income will be under-stated. On the other hand if it includes this payment, the average income will be overstated. Similarly, a wage earner who regularly receives an annual bonus would need either to give all his income for the year or else add a proportional part of his annual bonus to his monthly or weekly income.
There will, therefore, be some difficulty in ensuring that you obtain the accurate income for persons who receive income for different periods or from different sources.
Remember that many people do not like to tell others how much money they earn; often they do not tell this even to their own family or friends. You must therefore be tactful if you are to get the questions answered correctly and willingly.

5.75 Question 6.9 Income from Employment
Question 6.9 identifies three different pay periods. Pay-period indicates the length of time the amount of money scored refers to.
You must decide what is the most convenient pay-period in which to record the person's income, and mark this. The most convenient pay-period for you to use would usually be the one in which the person receives most of his income. For example, in the case of the wage-earner who is paid weekly and gets no other income, then the pay-period should be the week. Similarly, the month would be the most convenient pay-period for the person who receives only a monthly income.

It is also recognized that many self-employed persons and some wage and salary earners might not be able to give a reasonable income figure for a short period, such as a week or a month. In such case the most convenient pay-period will be the year.

[Questions 4.9 - 4.13 were asked of persons who were employed at the time of the interview, and were age 14 and older]

4.13 What is your/is [the respondent's] weekly, monthly or annual income from all employment (in JA dollars)?

Section 4: Economic activity
[Persons age 14 and older]

5.73 General
Section 4 is comprised of Questions 4.1 through 4.20, and should be asked to persons age 14 and older. The main purpose of this section is to determine which individuals were in the working force of the country at some point in time.

This section is included in the sample coverage because it requires much more probing than should be undertaken for the short form. Economic activity in Jamaica has undergone some amount of transformation within the past two or three decades, whereby there has been a significant development of what has come to be regarded as the "Informal sector". People have in many instances moved away from the traditional jobs in the public and private sectors and have ventured into their own small scale businesses, some of which are being operated within homes.

You must pay close attention to the skip instructions at all times to ensure that you ask relevant questions. You will also need to pay close attention to the different reference periods stated. Questions 4.1 through 4.4 seek to identify the persons who worked. As we know that work means different things to different people, we try in these questions to establish clearly whether an individual worked or not within a particular week. These questions relate to the week preceding the Census date, as do Questions 4.5 through 4.13. Question 4.14 asks for a specific date. Questions 4.15 and 4.16 relate to the past twelve months, while questions 4.17 and 4.18 refer to the past 5 years. Questions 4.19 and 4.20 are relevant to persons of pensionable age and seek to determine the type of social welfare benefits or pension being received. Even if the person has never worked, he/she can be in receipt of social welfare benefits (as the beneficiary of a spouse).

It is important that the concept of work be fully understood.

Work includes:

(a) Work with pay, that is:

(i) Work for others for a wage or salary including commission or tips. Work may be done either in the employment of the government, a business organization, some private or public organization, or an individual. These correspond to the categories "Paid employee of government", "Private enterprise", or "Private home" in question Q4.6).

(ii) Work as trainee (such as nurses in training) or apprentice (persons at trade). This could also correspond to the same categories at is point (i).

(iii) Work for oneself in one's own business (including farm), which is run for profit or fees but does not employ paid help. This corresponds to "Self-employed without Employees" in question Q4.6. For example: odd job, hustling, buying and selling etc.

(iv) Work for oneself in one's own business (including farm), which is run for profit or fees and employs paid help. This corresponds to "Self-employed with employees" in question Q4.6.

(b) Work without pay in a business or farm which is run for profit that is:

(i) Work without pay in a business or farm run for profit (usually by a relative), in cases where the individual is either supported by the owner or obtains some benefits other than cash from running of business (see "Unpaid employee in agriculture" or any type of business in question Q4.6).

(ii) Work as an unpaid helper in a business or other organization, in cases where the respondent is learning a trade or profession in this way, with a view to engaging in work for pay (see "Unpaid employee in agriculture" or any type of business in question Q4.6).

Do not include as "working" those persons who:

(i) Work without money or pay for a relative or other person on tasks that did not contribute to the operation of a farm or of a business: e.g., housework, gardening, odd jobs around the house or yard, such as painting the fence, etc.

(ii) Work without pay assisting a relative or friend in his duties as an employee.

(iii) Work without pay either in cash or in kind as a volunteer worker for service Society for Blind, Operation Workshop.

Note also that "work" must relate to work in Jamaica. It includes, however, those persons who are residing in the territory but are on boats, ships, airplanes, etc., which may operate outside of the territory, as well as travelling salesmen, consultants, etc. Informal commercial importers who travel to the Cayman Islands buying and selling are to be included. Do not include the work done by persons going as contract workers to North America for a few months to work on farms there during the crop season. Other persons who live and work outside of the country should not be classified as having worked with respect to the time they were resident outside of the country.

5.82 Meaning of income

5.83 Question 4.13: Income from employment

C. Economic Characteristics

[Questions 13 - 18 were asked of persons 10 years of age and older.]

17. What wage or salary do you earn?

C. Economic Characteristics

(Only for persons 10 years old or older)

Keep in mind that questions 13-18 of this section correspond only to persons 10 years old or older.
The answers obtained in question 13 are the basis for classifying the population of persons 10 years old or older as economically active (employed or unemployed) and as not economically active (homemaker, student, retired, pensioned, rentier, or other inactive persons).
The questions relating to the section are applied to the situation existing in the week immediately before the day of the Census (reference week).
Definition of reference week or "last week": It is the complete calendar week from Sunday to Saturday that for census purposes goes from May 3 to May 9, 1970.

Question 17 What wage or salary do you earn?

This question is only for persons who declared to have worked last week (box 1 of Question 13) as [p. 47] an Employee of the Government, of a Private Company, or of the Panama Canal Zone (box 1, 2 or 3 respectively of Question 15). Do not include in these cases [here] persons pensioned for food, divorce, etc.
Write down in Balboas, in the corresponding space, the total amount of the wage or salary that the person earns, according to whether it is hourly, daily, weekly or monthly. If the person also receives income by commission, pension or retirement, write down the sum in the corresponding space. It is very important to note that this question can have more than one answer.
Examples:

[p. 48]

It should not be forgotten that the question refers to the gross wage or salary, that is to say without deducting Social Security payments or Income Taxes or any other deductions like a loan from a bank or other credit institutions. Do not forget that this question applies to those persons who were on vacation, sick or on leave during the reference week and were classified in box 1, 2, or 3 of Question 15. You will ask these persons for their last salary or wage before going on vacation, on leave or getting sick.

C. Economic Characteristics

[Questions 13 - 18 were asked of persons 10 years of age and older.]

17. What wage or salary do you earn?

C. Economic Characteristics

(Only for persons 10 years old or older)

Keep in mind that questions 13-18 of this section correspond only to persons 10 years old or older.
The answers obtained in question 13 are the basis for classifying the population of persons 10 years old or older as economically active (employed or unemployed) and as not economically active (homemaker, student, retired, pensioned, rentier, or other inactive persons).
The questions relating to the section are applied to the situation existing in the week immediately before the day of the Census (reference week).
Definition of reference week or "last week": It is the complete calendar week from Sunday to Saturday that for census purposes goes from May 3 to May 9, 1970.

Question 17 What wage or salary do you earn?

This question is only for persons who declared to have worked last week (box 1 of Question 13) as [p. 47] an Employee of the Government, of a Private Company, or of the Panama Canal Zone (box 1, 2 or 3 respectively of Question 15). Do not include in these cases [here] persons pensioned for food, divorce, etc.
Write down in Balboas, in the corresponding space, the total amount of the wage or salary that the person earns, according to whether it is hourly, daily, weekly or monthly. If the person also receives income by commission, pension or retirement, write down the sum in the corresponding space. It is very important to note that this question can have more than one answer.
Examples:

[p. 48]

It should not be forgotten that the question refers to the gross wage or salary, that is to say without deducting Social Security payments or Income Taxes or any other deductions like a loan from a bank or other credit institutions. Do not forget that this question applies to those persons who were on vacation, sick or on leave during the reference week and were classified in box 1, 2, or 3 of Question 15. You will ask these persons for their last salary or wage before going on vacation, on leave or getting sick.

VI. Degree or diploma obtained and economic characteristics.
For individuals 10 years of age and older
[Questions 13 - 21 were asked of people 10 years and older.]

21. What was your income last month from:

Important observations about questions 14 to 21:
Questions 14 to 21, which form part of this section, are meant for getting information about the participation of the population of 10 years old or older in economic activities of the country. It is recommended that each member of the home respond for themselves. If this is not possible, the Head or responsible adult could respond for the youngest, but it is preferable to insist that the adult members respond for themselves.
The information refers to the week before the Census. This week is defined as the reference week and is understood to be from Sunday to Saturday.

Questions 15 to 21 should be asked to all persons who were marked in any of the circles 01 to 05 of question 14. Except to persons who answered that they have never worked in question 15.

Question Number 21: What was your income last month from:

Read every one of the alternatives and wait for the response of the person. If there is no income in any of the alternatives draw a diagonal line. Below is detailed what should be included in each alternative of the question.


[Below the text is a filled out form.]

[p. 74]



[p.75]

[Below the text is a filled out form.]



[Below the text is a filled out form.]

[p. 76]

For individuals 10 years of age and older

[Questions 14-23 were asked of persons aged 10 and older.]

23. What was your income last month from:

The objective of this section is to get information about the participation of the population 10 years old or older in economic activities of the country.
The information refers to the week before the Census. This week is defined as the reference week and is understood to be from Sunday to Saturday.
It is recommended that each member of the home respond for themselves. If this is not possible, the head or responsible adult could respond for the youngest, but it is preferable to insist that the adult members, especially if they are working, respond for themselves.

[p. 86]

Principal activity of the person:
The responses obtained in questions 14 to 17 are the basis for classifying the population of 10 years old or older in:

1. Economically Active Population: is understood to be the population 10 years old or older who supplies the available work force for the production of economic goods and services in the country, during the reference week. This population is classified as employed or unemployed.

a) Employed population: covers persons 10 years old or older who during the reference week:
- Have an occupation or job remunerated in money or in kind.
- Have their own business or they work on their own account.
- Work regularly in a business or company of a member of their family even when not drawing a wage or salary ([Contributing] family worker). In this case a [contributing] family worker should have as a minimum 15 hours worked to be considered as such.
- Persons absent from their job temporarily because of sickness or accident, holidays or vacations, strikes, on leave from school or military service, on maternity leave.
- Did not work, but do occasional jobs.

b) Unemployed population: This group is understood to be persons 10 years old or older who during the reference week:
Do not have an occupation or job and are looking for employment.
Looked for work before and waits for news, that is to say, one who has adopted means of looking for remunerated employment or an independent job.

2. Not economically active population: is understood to be retirees or pensioners, students, workers at home or homemakers, rentiers and other conditions.

Questions 19 to 23 should be asked to all persons who marked circle 1 in questions 14, 15, 16 and 17 and circles 2 and 3 of the last question except persons who answered that "they never have worked" (circle 9998) in question 18.

Question 23: Was your income last month from:

The income refers to the retribution be it monetary or in kind, received by all persons 10 years old or older, active or non-active, during the month of April.

[To the left of the text is a picture of paper currency.]

Read every one of the concepts and categories and wait for the person to supply you the response. Remember that a person can get income in one or many categories from a to g. If the response is that no income was obtained, draw a line in the corresponding spaces and mark circle 2 in question 23 a.
Note: If a person declares to have obtained more than one income but does not say the amount in any of them, write down in the corresponding line 9999.
Below is detailed what should be included in each alternative of the question.

[p. 102]

a. Gross wage or salary: refers to the gross wage, salary or commission obtained in the occupation that the person did last month, without deductions of Social Security, Income Tax, Education Insurance, or whatever other deduction from loans from a bank or other credit institution.
Put a zero in front when the amount is less than 1,000. When the amount is more than 10,000, write down 9998.
When a person earns a fixed salary and commission, add the two amounts and write down the result in the corresponding space.
For persons who only receive commission for their job, write down how much they made in this job.
For employees who receive a weekly salary, multiply the gross income by 4.33.
For employees in the agricultural and livestock sector add the gross salary earned every day and write down the monthly total.
All persons who marked any of the circles 01-05 in question 21 (Do you work or did you work as:): Government employee, Private Company Employee, Employee of the Canal Commission or Defense Sites, Employee of a Non-Profit Institution, Domestic servant, should have a response for this question.

[p. 103]

Example:
When enumerating a dwelling, it is found that one of its members worked as an agricultural worker on the farm Las Malvinas, for ten (10) days. The payment received was B/.6.00 for 6 days and B/4.00 the rest of the work days.

[Below the text is a form.]

If you observe while enumerating some doubt at the moment of declaring the information to you, proceed with much tact, to ask for a pay stub corresponding to last month. If the pay stub corresponds to a week, multiply the gross total by 4.33 and if it is of every other week, multiply the gross total by 2.

[p. 104]

b. Income by independent work or by their own account: refers to net income, that is to say, income without spending in the activity that a person did.
Example:
When enumerating the owner of a grocery store, he says that he obtained a net gain by the sale of provisions, approximately B/25.00 daily. It does not close any day of the month.

[Below the text is a form.]

c. Agricultural or Livestock Sales: is the net income that the person has obtained by the sale of agricultural or livestock products.

[To the left of the text is a picture of a cow.]

[p.105]

Example:
Señor Mariano Ramos is a farmer, last month he sold 2 hundred pounds of rice and received for each one B/20.00, 5 hundred pounds of unpeeled rice at B/12.00 each one. Also he sold 3 chickens at B/5.00 e/o.

[To the right of the text is a picture of a plate of food.]

[Below the text is a form.]

d. Retirement payments or pension: refers to the income that the person receives from a retirement system or pension, or the payment recognized by a social security system because of inability to manage an occupation, it concerns what the retirees or pensioned are paid, include here pensions for the death of spouses, paid by Social Security. In the case of a person who in spite of being retired, declares to be currently working, you should also have information in section a. (salary).

[To the right of the text is a picture of a bag of money.]

[p. 106]

e. Grants of Family aid: is the income that a person receives for the payment of studies. It includes all subsidy provided by any type of institution (public or private) and the loans for studies that these institutions and other banking and financial institutions award.

[To the right of the text is a picture of books.]

Family aid: is the contribution that a person receives provided from family members (who lives outside of the home), or other persons, such as public or private institutions. These can be in money or in kind, example of this type of income is: milk or other food that children in schools or children's centers receive, food and goods donations by social aide or state programs; money, clothes, food or any other goods that can be received by parents or relatives who do not reside in the interviewed dwelling, etc.
The number to write down should be the final result of all the contributions that the person would be able to receive in this heading.

[To the left of the text is a picture of paper currency.]

Included in family aid is food pension that refers to the income that a spouse receives because of being separated such as food for children that they have in common. This payment generally is legally fixed, but other times is established by mutual agreement of the spouses; nonetheless. The enumerator should give attention to both situations so as not to lose this type of income in those cases in which the separation or the food of the children has not yet become legal. Also a de jure food pension can exist.
When the children are less than 10 years old, assign the income to the mother.

[p. 107]

f. Rents, Investments or subsidies: refers to money received by the rent of dwellings, land or any other property that a person owns. It also includes dividends, interest, or benefits provided from the possession of stocks, bonds, and savings and investment accounts.

[To the right of the text is a picture of a man with money in his hands.]

g. Other income: refers to any other type of income that the interviewed person could have had last month provided from other sources that have not been mentioned before; include games of chance (lottery, card games), thirteenth month, others.

23 a. Income:

If one has it (Circle 1): Mark the circle if information in some of section g exists.

If one does not have it (Circle 2): Mark this circle if the interviewed person had no income in the reference month.

[To the right of the text is a picture of money with a circle around it and a line through it.]

Not declared (Circle 3): Mark this circle in the case that, after explaining to them in confidence about this information, in a subtle or indirect manner, the person refuses to offer the information.

[Questions 28 and 28A were asked to all household members]

28. What was your income last month for _____? How much (in balboas)?

[Questions 28 and 28A were asked to all household members]

Question No. 28: Was your income last month from:
[Question 28 is asked to all household members.]
When asking each of these questions, keep in mind that they must be asked in an orderly way.
Read every one of the options and wait for the person to supply you the response to each one. If the response is "I had no income", draw a line in the corresponding spaces.
Income: Refers to the retribution, be it monetary or in kind, received by all persons, active or non-active, during the month of April.
[To the right of the text is a picture of paper currency.]
Remember that a person can get income in one or many categories from a. to j. If the response is that no income was obtained, draw a line in the corresponding spaces.
When asking each of these questions, keep in mind that they must be asked in an orderly way, omitting unnecessary questions, depending on the age of the interviewee.
Remember that the value is given in integers, with no cents. If a person reports the income value including cents, proceed as follows: if cents are greater than or equal to 0.50, the income value must be rounded up. Example:

[p. 210]
a. Gross wage or salary: refers to the gross wage, salary or commission obtained by the employee, without deductions of Social Security, Income Tax, Education Insurance, or whatever other deduction from loans from a bank or other credit institution. This paragraph should bring information only if the person is an employee. Codes 1 to 5 in question 26.
If the employee receives payment in kind (clothes, food, shoes, etc.), enter the corresponding value in monetary form.
Keep in mind that sometimes the employee can receive both types of payment (in cash and in kind). If that were the case, then you must add both amounts and enter this value in the appropriate spaces.
Note that:

[p. 211]
For employees in the agricultural sector, who do not receive a fixed salary because they are paid according to the days worked, ask how much they earn per day, then multiply this amount by the number of days worked in the month and write down the resulting amount. So, in this case, you do not multiply by 4.33.
If no information is provided, note down clarifications on the space provided for observations.
All persons who marked any of the circles from 01 to 05 in question 26 (Do you work or did you work as?): Government employee, Employee of a Non-Profit Institution , Employee of a cooperative, Private Company Employee, Domestic employee, should have a response for this question. Exceptions are given to those who responded not having a job last month because they were unemployed.
Example No. 1:
Roberto earns B/.3.50 an hour. He works Monday to Friday, 8 hours a day, and on Saturdays from 8 to 12.
Solution:
1. He works Monday to Friday, 8 hours a day. 5x8 = 40 hours. He works for four hours on Saturdays. Total = 40+4 = 44 hours per week.
2. He earns B/3.50 per hour.
3. The calculation is as follows:

[p. 212]
In the form the amount should be recorded as follows:
[Below the text, there is a sample image.]
[p. 213]
Example No. 2:
When enumerating a dwelling, it is found that one of its members worked as an agricultural worker on the farm Las Malvinas, for ten (10) days in the month. The payment received was B/.6.00 for 6 days and B/4.00 the rest of the work days.
[Below the text, there is a sample image of the form.]
[p. 214]
If you notice the person a little doubtful at the time of declaring the information to you, request, tactfully, a pay stub for the last month. If the pay stub corresponds to a week, multiply the gross total by 4.33, and if it corresponds to every other week, multiply the gross total by 2.
b. Thirteenth month: Include in this space the thirteenth month payment to employees of state-owned or private companies. If the person gives you the total amount of her bonus [Décimo in Spanish], divide it by four (4) and write down that amount in the appropriate space. If the person does not remember, divide the monthly salary received by twelve (12) and write it down in the space. For government employees, proceed as follows: If they earn less than or B/.400.00 calculate the thirteenth month payment as described above. If the person earns more than B/401.00 the thirteenth month payment is calculated on B/400.00. You should also be aware that there are some state institutions such as the Savings Bank and the National Bank, who pay the bonus based on the earned salary. If the person tells you that this is her case, proceed as directed above, i.e., divide the gross salary by 12 and write down the necessary observations.
Remember that employees of the Panama Canal Authority are not paid a thirteenth month [bonus]
c. Income from independent or own-account work: refers to net income, that is to say, income minus expenses in the activity that a person did.
[This option is only for independent or own-account workers, owners or employers, and members of a production cooperative.]
Only for independent or own-account worker, owner or employer, and member of a production cooperative, circles 07, 08 and 09 of question 26.
For an independent or own-account worker, the amount recorded is the net income, i.e., income minus expenses in her activity.
In the case of agricultural workers who are independent or own-account workers, include self-consumption (this is, when they consume at home a proportion of what they produce).
In some cases it will be a little difficult to obtain information from people who have no accounting records. In these cases, find out the average earnings per day, then multiply the amount by the number of days the person usually works in the week, and then multiply it by 4.33, and get the monthly income. If no information is provided, note down clarifications on the space provided for observations.
[p. 215]
Example:
When enumerating the owner of a grocery store, he says that he obtained a net gain by the sale of provisions, approximately B/25.00 daily. The store does not close any day of the month.
[Below the text, there is a sample image of the form.]
[p. 216]
d. Retirement or old age pension: Refers to the person who receives income from a retirement system or pension (regardless of the country where he retired).
e. Pension (by accident, illness, or other survivor): Refers to payments recognized by a social security system if the person has any ailment, disease or inability to practice an occupation.
Include in this section those persons receiving a pension such as survivors of the father, mother, son, daughter, wife, as well as pensions from disabled children.
f. Aid from institutions or other persons who do not live with you: Include the contribution that a person receives provided from family members (those who live outside of the home), or other persons, as well as contributions from public or private institutions. The contribution can be in cash or in kind.
These contributions can consist of:

[To the right of the text there is a picture.]

[To the left of the text is a picture of a cow.]
[p. 217]
g. Rents, investments, interests, or benefits: This refers to money received by the rent of dwellings, premises, land or other property that the person owns. It also includes dividends, interest or profits from the ownership of stocks, bonds and savings accounts or investment accounts.
h. Scholarships: This refers to the income that persons may have received indirectly as a transfer from any institution for payment of their studies. This includes any type of subsidy provided by any institution (public or private). Also, it is considered in the category of scholarships any reimbursement of expenses that some companies give to their employees for expenses in education for themselves or a member of the employee's family. In these cases, the person does not directly receive an income, but she does not pay the education expenditures, because some institution does it on her behalf.
Find out with the interviewee, when they receive the scholarship and how many months are covered by this payment. Divide the amount received by the number of months covered, to get the monthly amount.
[p. 218]

[Below the text, there is a sample image of the form.]
[p. 219]
i. Agricultural or Livestock Sales: is the net income that the person has obtained for selling agricultural or livestock products. If the person claims to be an independent worker or a salaried worker in the agricultural sector, do not include this revenue here again.
[Below the text there are two pictures]
j. Other income: This includes any other income that the respondent received in the last month, from sources other than those listed above. If the person claimed to have more than one job as an employee, as an independent or own-account worker, record here the salary or income received from the other(s) job(s). Include any grant received last month. Also include the Conditional Cash Transfer (Red de Oportunidades), which should correspond to the person receiving it.
Note:
If the respondent has two jobs as an employee, write down the salary of the principal work in section a. (Gross salary or wages), and write down the second one in section j. (Other income).
If the respondent is an employee and has received income from independent or own-account work, her wages must be recorded in section a. (Gross salary or wages) and her income from independent or own-account work must be recorded in subsection c. (Income from self-employment or self).

34a. How much did this person earn during 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? (Before deductions for taxes, etc.)

$ (Nearest dollars) _____.00
[] None

16. Enumerator - Mark when this person was born.

[] Born before April 1965 -- Ask questions 17 - 33. (Omit question 17 if born between April 1960 and March 1965.)
[] Born April 1965 or later -- Turn to next page for next person

[Questions 17 through 33 asked of persons aged 15 and above.]

32. Income in 1979 --

During the entire year 1979, did ____receive any income from the following sources?

If "Yes" to any of the sources below, ask "How much?" If net income in 32b, 32c or 32d was a loss, write "Loss" above the dollar amount.

32a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs before deductions for taxes, etc.

[Questions 17 through 34 are for individuals aged 15 and over]

33. The following questions are about income received during 1989

If an exact amount is not known, accept a best estimate. If net income in b, c, d or question 34 was a loss, write "Loss" above the dollar amount.

33a. Did [respondent] earn income from wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips? -- Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.

[Questions 19 through 32 asked of persons aged 15 and over.]

31. Income in 1999 - Mark [X] the "Yes" box for each income source received during 1999 and enter the total amount received during 1999 to a maximum of $999,999. Mark [X] the "No" box if the income source was not received. If net income was a loss, enter the amount and mark [X] the "Loss" box next to the dollar amount.
For income received jointly, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate.

31.a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs - Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.

31.b. Self-employment income from own nonfarm businesses or farm businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships - Report net income after business expenses.

41. Income in the past 12 months.

Mark (X) in the "Yes" box for each type of income this person received. Give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months. (Note: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)
Mark (X) in the "No" box to show types of income not received.
If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.
For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person, or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark in the "No" box for the other person.

41a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs.

Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items
[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No

41b. Self-employment income from own non-farm businesses or farm businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships.

Report net income after business expenses.
[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No
[] Loss

41c. Interest, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, or income from estates and trusts.

Report even small amounts credited to an account
[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No
[] Loss

41d. Social Security or Railroad Retirement

[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No

41e. Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No

41f. Any public assistance or welfare payments from the state or local welfare office.

[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No

41g. Retirement, survivor, or disability pensions. Do not include Social Security.

[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No

41h. Any such other sources of income received regularly such as Veterans' (VA) payments, unemployment compensation, child support or alimony. Do not include lump sum payments such as money from an inheritance or the sale of a home

[] Yes, $____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] No

42. What was this person's total income during the past 12 months?

Add entries in questions 41a to 41h; subtract any losses. If net income was a loss, enter the amount and mark (X) in the "Loss" box next to the dollar amount.
[] None
or
$____.00 (total amount for past 12 months)
[] Loss

[Answer Person Questions 41-42 only if this person is 15 years old and over.]

Mark the "Yes" or "No" box for each part, and enter the amount received in the past 12 months for each "Yes" response.
 
If the income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.
 
When reporting income received jointly, do not include the amount for a person not listed on the List of Residents.
41.
41a. Include wages and salaries before deductions from all jobs. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses.
41b. Include nonfarm profit (or loss) from self-employment in sole proprietorships and partnerships. Exclude profit (or loss) of incorporated businesses you own.
Include farm profit (or loss) from self-employment in sole proprietorships and partnerships. Exclude profit (or loss) of incorporated farm businesses you own. Also exclude amounts from land rented for cash but include amounts from land rented for shares.
41c. Include interest received or credited to checking and saving accounts, money market funds, certificates of deposit (CDs), IRAs, KEOGHs, and government bonds.
Include dividends received, credited, or reinvested from ownership of stocks or mutual funds.
Include profit (or loss) from royalties and the rental of land, buildings or real estate, or from roomers or boarders. Income received by self-employed persons whose primary source of income is from renting property or from royalties should be included in question 41b above. Include regular payments from an estate or trust fund.
41d. Include amounts, before Medicare deductions, of Social Security and/or Railroad Retirement payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, and to disabled workers.
41e. Include Supplemental Security Income (SSI) received by elderly, blind, or disabled persons.
41f. Include any public assistance or welfare payments the person receives from the Puerto Rico government or the municipio welfare office. Do not include assistance received from private charities. Do not include assistance to pay heating or cooling costs.
41g. Include retirement, survivor or disability benefits received from companies and unions, Federal, state, Puerto Rico and municipio governments, and the U.S. military. Include regular income from annuities and IRA or KEOGH retirement plans.
41h. Include Veterans (VA) disability compensation and educational assistance payments (VEAP), unemployment compensation, child support or alimony, and all other regular payments such as Armed Forces transfer payments, assistance from private charities, regular contributions from persons not living in the household.
 
Do not include the following as income in any item:

Refunds or rebates of any kind
Withdrawals from savings of any kind
Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
Inheritances or insurance settlements
Any type of loan
Pay in-kind such as food, free rent

42.
Add the total entries (subtracting losses) for 41a. through 41h. for the past 12 months and enter that number in the space provided.

[Questions 47?48 were asked of all persons.]

47. Income in the past 12months.
Mark (X) the "yes" box for each type of income this person received, and give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months. (Note: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)

Mark (X) the "no" box to show types of income not received

If net income was a loss, mark the "loss" box.

For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person. Or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "no" box for the other person.

Answer person questions 47 through 48 only if this person is 15 years old or over.

Mark the "Yes" or "No" box for each type of income, and enter the amount received in the past 12 months for each "Yes" response.

If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.

When reporting income received jointly, do not include the amount for a person not listed on pages 2, 3, or 4.

Do not include the following as income in any item:

• Refunds or rebates of any kind
• Withdrawals from savings of any kind
• Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
• Inheritances or insurance settlements
• Any type of loan
• Pay in-kind such as food, free rent

47a. Include wages and salaries before deductions from all jobs. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses.

47b. Include nonfarm profit (or loss) from self-employment in sole proprietorships and partnerships. Exclude profit (or loss) of incorporated businesses the person owns.

Include farm profit (or loss) from self-employment in sole proprietorships and partnerships.

Exclude profit (or loss) of incorporated farm businesses you own. Also exclude amounts from land rented for cash but include amounts from land rented for shares.

47c. Include interest received or credited to checking and saving accounts, money market funds, certificates of deposit (CDs), IRAs, KEOGHs, and government bonds.

Include dividends received, credited, or reinvested from ownership of stocks or mutual funds.

Include profit (or loss) from royalties and the rental of land, buildings or real estate, or from roomers or boarders. Income received by self-employed persons whose primary source of income is from renting property or from royalties should be included in question 47b above.

Include regular payments from an estate or trust fund.

47d. Include amounts, before Medicare deductions, of Social Security and/or Railroad Retirement payments to retired persons, to dependents of deceased insured workers, and to disabled workers.

47e. Include Supplemental Security Income (SSI) received by elderly, blind, or disabled persons.

47f. Include any public assistance or welfare payments the person receives from the state or county welfare office. Do not include assistance received from private charities. Do not include assistance to pay heating or cooling costs.

47g. Include retirement, survivor or disability benefits received from companies and unions, Federal, state, and local governments, and the U.S. military. Include regular income from annuities and IRA or KEOGH retirement plans.

47h. Include Veterans' (VA) disability compensation and educational assistance payments (VEAP); unemployment compensation, child support or alimony; and all other regular payments such as Armed Forces transfer payments, assistance from private charities, regular contributions from persons not living in the household.

47. Income in the past 12 months

Mark (x) the "yes" box for each type of income this person received and give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months (note: the past 12 months is the period from today's d dta one year ago up through today.)

Mark (x) the no box to show types of income not received.

If net income was a loss, mark the "loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.

For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person - or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "no" box the other person.

48. What was this person's total income during the past 12 months? Add entries in questions 47a 47h; subtract any losses. If net income was a loss, enter the amount and mark (x) the "loss" box next to the dollar amount.

Questions 7-48 are a continuation of the questions for each person. Questions 7-48 are a continuation of the questions for each person. (Questions 1-6 appear on pages 2, 3, and 4 of the questionnaire.)

Answer person questions 19 through 48 if this person is 15 years old or over.

Answer person questions 47 through 48 only if this person is 15 years old or over.

Mark the "yes" or "no" box for each type of income, and enter the amount received in the past 12 months for each "Yes" response.

If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "no" box for the other person.

When reporting income received jointly, do not include the amount for a person not listed on pages 2, 3, or 4.

Do not include the following as income in any item:

• Refunds or rebates of any kind
• Withdrawals from savings of any kind
• Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
• Inheritances or insurance settlements
• Any type of loan
• Pay in-kind such as food, free rent

47a. Include wages and salaries before deductions from all jobs. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses.

43. Income in the past 12 months
Mark (X) the "yes" box for each type of income this person received, and give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months. (Note: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)

Mark (X) the "no" box to show types of income not received.

If net income was a loss, mark the "loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.

For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person -- or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "no" box for the other person.

Person questions 43-44

P43. Mark the "yes" or "no" box for each type of income, and enter the amount received in the past 12 months for each "yes" response.

If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "no" box for the other person.

When reporting income received jointly, do not include the amount for a person not listed on pages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

Do not include the following as income in any item:

• Refunds or rebates of any kind
• Withdrawals from savings of any kind
• Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
• Inheritances or insurance settlements
• Any type of loan
• Pay in-kind such as food, free rent

a. Include wages and salaries before deductions from all jobs. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses.

Do not include unemployment compensation

Section 10. Income - For all persons fifteen (15) years old and over

41. Gross income (Nearest T.T. Dollar)

Section 10 - Income

The census is a major source of collecting income data for all persons and their families and households in Trinidad and Tobago. This section seeks to obtain information on the amount of and distribution of income earned by households. Income can also be related to other characteristics of persons in households for example occupation, industry and level of educational attainment.

Census income data are widely used by government to develop support programmes, public social assistance, welfare payments and social services. Income data are also used to identify specific geographic communities in need of assistance. Business enterprises also use income data to help market their products and target consumers to sell other goods and services produced.

[p.60]

Remember income is defined as sources of benefits in both cash and kind accruing to the members of the household regardless of whether the members are economically active or not.

It is important to keep in mind that many persons are hesitant to tell others how much money they earn. You must therefore be tactful if you are to get the question answered correctly or willingly. You may need to emphasize or explain that the information is required to work out average income per individual for the entire country. If members of the household are still uncomfortable giving the exact amount of their income, use the income flash card provided by the Census Office as a last resort. Record the code that represent the income group to which the individual belongs.

In other cases, the head of the household may genuinely not be aware of the income of the other members. In cases like these, an effort must be made to obtain the information directly from the relevant member of the household. Perhaps an appointment can be made to meet the individual.

This Section is applicable to all persons 15 years and over whether working or not and is intended to reflect the situation at the time of enumeration. You are to obtain income data to complete items (1), (2), (3) and (7). Multiple entries are possible for any one individual.

Question 41 (1) - Paid employment

Income from paid employment include wages, salaries and other benefits in cash or in kind earned by individuals before deductions for social security schemes and income taxes. It also covers payments as commissions, tips and bonuses, cost of living allowances, vacation allowances, director's fees and the cost to employees of food, lodging, clothing which is provided free of charge or at a reduced cost. In other words, the total compensation package of the individual is recorded.

Question 41 (2) - Self-employment

For the self-employed, income reported should be net income i.e. total income less business operating expenses such as wages, rent, electricity and fuel. These persons may be those who operate agricultural operations, in addition to those who own and operate unincorporated business and persons in professional practice.

Question 41 (3) - Pension and annuities

Private and government pensions and annuities can be described as retirement benefits that individuals receive upon retirement to replace their earnings.

Many employers have established pension programmes for their employees so that upon retirement the employees will still receive some source of income. Included in pensions is the government's old age pension granted to senior citizens.

[p.61]

An annuity is a pension policy that the individual takes out or purchases on his or her own. These payments are usually made in a lump sum and then at a reduced monthly payment over a certain number of years.

Question 41 (7) - Other income

Is described as monies, which an individual receives from sources other than his/her wages, salaries, pensions and annuities. Other Income includes rent received, dividends, interest (investment income) and royalties. Periodic payments received regularly from an inheritance or trust fund are also regarded as Income, as well as alimony, unemployed benefits, sick pay, scholarships and remittances from abroad.

The following items should not be regarded as income:

For item, 1,2,3,7 income is recorded to the nearest dollar For example, $5000 is entered as _5000. Obtain from the respondent for each or any item indicated, whether the income relates to a daily (01), weekly (02), fortnightly (03), monthly (04), quarterly (05) or annually (06) period. These codes are inserted against each type of income recorded. If income is given monthly enter 04.

P21. When was this person born?

[] Born before April 1946

Please go on with questions P22 to P35. Answer the questions regardless of whether the person is a housewife, student, or retired person, or a part-time or full-time worker.

[] Born April 1946 or later

Please omit questions P22 to P35 and turn the page to the next person.
Space for any notes about the entries for this person.

_____

P32. How much did this person earn in 1959 in wages, salary, commissions, or tips from all jobs?

Questions 29 through 41 are for all persons born before April 1956 including housewives, students, or disabled persons as well as part-time or full-time workers.

[All]

29a. Did this person work at any time last week?

[All]
40. Earnings in 1969 - Fill parts a, b, and c for everyone who worked any time in 1969 even if he had no income. (If exact amount is not known, give best estimate.)

a. How much did this person earn in 1969 in wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs? (Before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.)

b. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own nonfarm business, professional practice, or partnership? (Net after business expenses. If business lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)

c. How much did he earn in 1969 from his own farm? (Net after operating expenses. Include earnings as a tenant farmer or sharecropper. If farm lost money, write "Loss" above amount.)

"Enter the amount or fill the None circle in a, b, and c. Part 40a includes "sick leave" pay. Part 40a excludes military bonuses, reimbursement for business expenses, and pay "in kind." The owner of an unincorporated nonfarm business should include his net earnings in part 40b. If the business or farm is incorporated, his earnings should be included in part 40a."

During 1979 did this person receive any income from the following sources?

If "yes" to any of the sources below -- How much did this person receive for the entire year?

[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the appropriate amount. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark No for the other person, unless the other person has additional income of the same type.]

32a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs

[Include sick leave pay. Do not include reimbursement for business expenses and pay "in kind," (for example, food, lodging received as payment for work performed).]

32. Income in 1989 --

Fill the "yes" circle below for each income source received during 1989. Otherwise, fill the "no" circle. If "yes," enter the total amount received during 1989. For income received jointly, see instruction guide. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate. If net income was a loss, write "loss" above the dollar amount.

[Fill the yes or no circle for each part and enter the amount received during 1989. If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and fill the no circle for the other person.]

32a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs

[Include wages and salaries from all jobs before deductions. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses, etc.]

18. Was this person under 15 years of age on April 1, 2000?

[] Yes [Go on to question 33]
[] No

31. Income in 1999 - Mark [X] the "yes" box for each income source received during 1999 and enter the total amount received during 1999 to a maximum of $999,999. Mark [X] the "no" box if the income source was not received. If net income was a loss, enter the amount and mark [X] the "loss" box next to the dollar amount.

For income received jointly, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "no" box for the other person. If exact amount is not known, please give best estimate.

31. a. Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs - Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items.

41. Income in the past 12 months.

a) Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs.

b) Self-employment income from own non-farm businesses or farm businesses, including proprietorships and partnerships.

c) Interest, dividends, net rental income, royalty income, or income from estates and trusts.

d) Social Security or Railroad Retirement

e) Supplemental Security Income (SSI)

f) Any public assistance or welfare payments from the state or local welfare office.

g) Retirement, survivor, or disability pensions. Do not include Social Security.

h) Any such other sources of income received regularly such as Veterans' (VA) payments, unemployment compensation, child support or alimony. Do not include lump sum payments such as money from an inheritance or the sale of a home

42. What was this person's total income during the past 12 months?

47. Income in the past 12 months. Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this person received and give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months. (Note: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.) Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income not received. If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to the right of the dollar amount. For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.

a) Wages, salary, commissions, bonuses, or tips from all jobs. Report amount before deductions for taxes, bonds, dues, or other items

47. Income in the past 12 months
Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this person received, and give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months. (NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)

Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income NOT received.

If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.

For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person -- or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.

Answer person questions 47 through 48 only if this person is 15 years old or over.

Mark the "Yes" or "No" box for each type of income, and enter the amount received in the past 12 months for each "Yes" response.
If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.
When reporting income received jointly, do not include the amount for a person not listed on pages 2, 3, or 4.
do not include the following as income in any item:

47a. Include wages and salaries before deductions from all jobs. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses.

43. Income in the past 12 months
Mark (X) the "Yes" box for each type of income this person received, and give your best estimate of the total amount during the past 12 months. (NOTE: The "past 12 months" is the period from today's date one year ago up through today.)

Mark (X) the "No" box to show types of income not received.

If net income was a loss, mark the "Loss" box to the right of the dollar amount.

For income received jointly, report the appropriate share for each person -- or, if that's not possible, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.

Person questions 43-44

P43. Mark the "Yes" or "No" box for each type of income, and enter the amount received in the past 12 months for each "Yes" response.

If income from any source was received jointly by household members, report, if possible, the appropriate share for each person; otherwise, report the whole amount for only one person and mark the "No" box for the other person.

When reporting income received jointly, do not include the amount for a person not listed on pages 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7.

Do not include the following as income in any item:

• Refunds or rebates of any kind
• Withdrawals from savings of any kind
• Capital gains or losses from the sale of homes, shares of stock, etc.
• Inheritances or insurance settlements
• Any type of loan
• Pay in-kind such as food, free rent

a. Include wages and salaries before deductions from all jobs. Be sure to include any tips, commissions, or bonuses. Owners of incorporated businesses should enter their salary here. Military personnel should include base pay plus cash housing and/or subsistence allowance, flight pay, uniform allotments, reenlistment bonuses.

Do not include unemployment compensation

G.1 Income for dependent employees

G.1.1 Main occupation

121. How much did you receive last month in the job giving you the most income?

Section G. Personal income

The current income that the household interviewed receives through each one of its members is of principal importance in this investigation.

Given that a same person can receive income coming from more than one source, all the interviewees should be consulted for all the items that appear on the questionnaire.

The investigation of the personal income has been organized in groups of questions attending to the different origins of them, and will be asked to all the members of the household age 14 or older, independently of whether or not they are working. If income obtained by those [persons] younger than this age it will be added to those of the head of the household and noted in the observations.

[p. 61]

The chapter on personal income consists of three groups of questions that investigate about the personal income of each member of the household.

The first block investigates the income derived from the dependent work, that is, from the labor activities that are performed under the direction of an employer.

The second block investigates the income derived from independent work, that is, from work that is performed when the worker is the boss of his own company, works on his own account and/or has personnel under his charge.

In each block, there first appears a collection of questions that reveal the information for the main occupation. Afterwards, the same questions are repeated to investigate about the other occupations.

The third block of questions (income from transfers) captures personal income that doesn't come from work.

It doesn't consist of only obtaining income from work if the person indicates being occupied, or by retirement if the person informs you that he is retired, since he can receive other income that only will be captured if you complete this section of the questionnaire.

Once these three blocks have been revealed to the member of the household, perform the sequence of questions in reference to the other member. Upon finishing the block of questions of "Personal income" for all the members of the household, you will go on to chapter H.

Before establishing some guidelines to carry out the interview of this section, it's pertinent to define some concepts of interest.

What is a recipient of income?

This is all members of the household age 14 or older that in some moment of the reference period of this chapter of the survey (the last 12 months) received some current income.

What is a current income?

This is the collection of all monetary and non-monetary income (in-kind) that the members of the household receive for the performance of a job; the property of real assets; the property of financial assets; current transfers; including the value of one's own production (non-industrialized products) that the households perform for their own consumption

What is a monetary income?

It is the income that is received under the form of money.

What is a non-monetary income?

It can happen that in addition to the remuneration of money a worker receives a payment in-kind. This forms part of the labor income of the worker.

Nonmonetary income is denominated the income that is received in some form different from money.

In the case of the workers that receive alimentation or clothing in his place of work, or that receives products from the firm to bring household, as well as the reimbursement that the firm gives out because of expenses paid by the receiver in goods or services for personal consumption or that of the household (ex: fuel, car insurance, food, transportation, etc.).

[p. 62]

In these cases the goods or services that correspond should be estimated according to their market value.

Income from dependent employees (salaried workers)

This group of questions is aimed at collecting the amount of all the income perceived to be the completion of a job under a dependent relationship (workers or employees from the public and private sector), including the remunerations that business partners could receive for carrying out specific jobs in the company, in a relationship of dependency.

Example: The business partner that effectively performs functions in commercial management, for which he receives a monthly remuneration. This person in his status as partner or investor receives profits in addition. This block corresponds with the registration for the remuneration of managerial work, so that the income in terms of profit will be collected in the following blocks.

Income from the main occupation:
Monetary wages or salaries that the people who work in the dependency relationship, whether daily or monthly workers, received in the reference period.

Even though it corresponds to record in this question the net monthly income, sometimes the people identify the income amounts with reference to a shorter period.

It's common to have daily payments or biweekly payments, like for example in the case of the people who work in domestic service. In these cases, you can help make the calculations to arrive at the monthly amount or the interviewee can make them, but you must always make sure that what is registered corresponds to the period of time solicited (one month).

It can occur that a person declares a permanent job and doesn't have income from the month before because the job was just started in the month in which he is being interviewed. In these cases, the income is not revealed but you much keep a record of this situation by registering in the observations that the income of that job wasn't revealed because the person started to week recently the week before the interview.

In the case in which the person presents two or more employments, and these are as salaried workers, you should incorporate them in the highest paying job as well as in other occupations.

121. How much did you receive at work last month from your highest paying job?

Net wage or salary: You should consult about the net income, that's to say the quantity of money that is received in CASH regularly and already has the tributes and obligations linked to social security (pension, contribution for Sick Insurance, quota for the Accident and Professional Sickness Insurance, contribution to the National Funds of Reconversion, Taxes of Personal Retributions) deducted.

You must include, in the amount that is noted, the deductions due to loans, advances, consumption that the worker has solicited. Common examples of these situations are the values of advances solicited by the workers to the employers, which are deducted at the moment of the salary payment.

[p. 63]

Commissions, incentives, extra hours: The total amount that was received in this category the last month will be noted, making sure that they haven't been included in that declared by the wages and salaries.

Per diem expenditures not needing a report: Just as in the previous cases, you must note the amount received in the corresponding boxes, understanding as per diem expenditures not needing a report as those quantities that are received to cover the expenses of: food when traveling, the same with the lodging, etc. and when it is not necessary to present receipts of the expenses.

Tips: Just in the previous case, the total amount received the last month under this category will be noted, making sure that is hasn't been included in that declared as wages and salary.

Example: taxi workers, waiters in bars and restaurants, people who watch cars, etc.

Christmas wage/salary bonus: Keep present that it is obligatorily received at least twice per year, the first part being received at the middle of the year and the second at the end of the year (whenever the amount receives corresponds to this it will be noted).

Vacations wage/salary bonus: Amount of money that is received in some firms and can reach 100% of the salary. It is received together with the leave that the worker begins to enjoy.

Back wages: Register here the amount received the month earlier that corresponds to the payments due to the worker.

Transportation: This item is included separate in order to facilitate the input of this income in specific, which is very common in the case of domestic service. Record the estimated amount that the worker receives by determining the price of transportation tickets.

Attention: You must always consult the interviewee if it was received in the period for which the survey was administered, since the periods of leave vary between one firm and another.