Q18: What is your source of livelihood?

Monetary assistance

The main source of the means of your existence

Before the beginning of the questioning the interviewer represents the list of the sources of the means of the existence to the replier. From this list the replier chooses his/her answer. Based on the received answers the interviewer writes the identification code corresponding to the chosen mean of existence.

"01" Hired employment. The code corresponding to this prompt is written for those people who has a job expressed by money or food-products or a profitable occupation regardless the time of the getting a payment for the job or getting a profit.
"02" Self-employment in agriculture. The prompt code for this category is written for those people who are busy in their personal farm with an agriculture work or keeping domestic animals. This source is written not only for those who are busy with agriculture for selling proposes, but also for those who are producing for the usage in their personal industry if such occupation makes a considerable invention in the general consumption of the household.
"03" Self-employment in other spheres. The prompt code for this category is written for those people who are involved in other spheres of economy, except the agriculture.
"4" Income from property. The prompt code for this category is written for those people who get their means of existence from the following sources:

"5" Use of loans, savings and sale of capital (including the property)
"6" Pensions. This prompt code is written for those people who get a pension: pension for general work, age pension, pension for handicap children, social pension, pension for people who got handicapped at the time of the military service, pension for the families of the veterans. Besides when the money earner is died the pension determined for children, is for the children and not for the mother or father even if they are the ones who get that pension, and the pension for the family is written by the name of the person who gets it (for example the pension for the families of the veterans).
"7" Public benefits. "Benefit (except the unemployment benefit)". This prompt code is written for those people who get a monthly social benefit (foe example poverty, family benefit, one-off benefit given for the nursing of the children under the age of two and other benefits). "Unemployment benefit". This prompt code is written for those people who are registered as a unemployed in the employment services and get an unemployment benefit as well as financial assistance form the resources of the employment fund.
"8" Benefits from non-state sources
"9" "Scholarship". This prompt code is written for those students who get a scholarship.
"10" "Under the state care". This prompt code is written for the children of the orphanages, for the students living in the boarding schools, for the old and handicapped living in the nursing homes as well as for other people living under the care of the state.
"11" Under the care of non-governmental charity institutions
"12" "Monetary transfers (from the state sources)". This prompt code is written who get material assistance from the state (or regional) resources under the conditions that has no connection with the work.
"13" "Monetary transfers (from relatives residing outside Armenia)". "Material assistance (from non-state resources)". This prompt code is written for those who periodically get a material assistance without compensation from non-state resources. For example from relatives and not relatives, from organizations and so on.
"14" "Monetary transfers (from relatives residing outside Armenia)".
"15" "Under care". This prompt code is written for those who live by the resources of the relatives and other people as well as for those who get alimony. For example if the alimony is paid to the under-age children, who are the alimony receivers, then "Under care" prompt code is written for the children and not for the mother or father.
"16" "Other source". This prompt code is written only for those people whose source of the existence is not mentioned above (for example saving and so on).

16. Indicate the sources of means for existence available to you in the current year:

The following questions reflect economic characteristics of the population.

R17 through R24 apply to persons who are 15 years or older.

R22. Sources of living expenses for unemployed persons
The question has six standard answers. If a person has multiple sources of income, record the one that is his or her major income source.

The following questions reflect economic characteristics of the population.

R17 through R24 apply to persons who are 15 years or older.

R17. If employed or not one week before the census (i.e. Oct 25 - 31, 2000)
Being employed means having conducted more than one hour of paid work.
[p44]
Paid work includes activities that come with salary, profit, or family-based income, both in monetary and material forms. Payment can be both received or pending (e.g. will actualize by the next pay period).
This question has three standard answers.

Question 7: Which types of income do you draw?
Persons that draw maternal benefits, orphan social benefits, social welfare benefits, etc. indicate this under "which other types."

For all persons
[Questions 1-8 were asked to all persons]

8. Your main source of livelihood?

Question 30. What is your main source of maintenance? [p. 45-47]
The main source of maintenance is the source bringing/generating the highest income. If a person has/had only one source of income, the source should be treated as the only and main source of income.

1. What is your main source of maintenance?

The questions concerns persons aged 15 years or more.
[Questions 1-2 were asked of persons aged 15 years or more.]

The aim of the questions included in this module is to specify the source of maintenance, which has provided earnings used to fulfill needs of members of the household.

1. Information on sources of maintenance should be gathered from consecutive members of the household or from the representative of the household.

2. Sources of maintenance and earnings obtained within the last year (12 months) before the census should be considered.

3. While specifying sources of maintenance of consecutive individuals, the income is not important. The individuals should only be asked to specify the sources of the earnings.
The following groups of sources of maintenance are distinguished:

4. Own sources of maintenance should be indicated for individuals aged 15 and older.

5. Dependency should be indicated for individuals, who obtained no income at all.

6. Dependency can be only indicated as the main source of maintenance. It cannot be considered as the additional source of maintenance.

7. Income from work, being one's source of maintenance should be indicated for individuals earning in such a way, regardless of the fact, it they are performing any job or they are unemployed at the moment, but obtained income from a seasonal or part-time job.

8. Non-earned source of maintenance should be indicated for individuals, the main source of maintenance of whom is: pension, social pension, unemployment benefit, pre-retirement benefit or allowance, family pension, etc.

Question 1. What is your main source of maintenance?
[p.40]

[Questions 17-27 were asked of persons age 12+]

17. Source of livelihood

Question 17 - Source of livelihood

Important: since you can only mark one answer, you will have to choose, among the "Source of livelihood" options, the one that mostly contributes to satisfy your living necessities.

• Work: includes persons who mainly live from their work, whether she gets paid or not. People in the compulsory military service should mark this option.
• Household support: includes persons supported by their family (homemaker who only works at home, students, children, etc.)
• Pensions of any kind: includes persons who receive a pension, as long as the amount received exceeds that of any other source of livelihood they could have.
• Social support: includes persons whose main means of survival is assistance provided within a institution or not, by the State, by private non-profit organizations, or by individuals.
• Property income: includes persons whose subsistence is mainly financed by rent collected from property, interests, profits, dividends, royalties, etc.

Note: Individuals younger than 12 years old end the filling-in of the questionnaire after question 16.
Only individuals 12 years of age or older answer the next questions.
[Questions 17-27 were asked of persons age 12+]

Question 17 - Source of livelihood

With this question, we intend to know the origin of the income that people earn to satisfy their needs regarding food, clothes, shoes, etc.
If the person has various sources, chose only one (the main one).

Work - includes people who mainly live from their work, whether they are paid or not. The person doing the compulsory Military service answers with option.

Temporary benefits - Unemployment - include individuals who are unemployed and therefore, receive a monetary benefit. If they are unemployed but do not have an unemployment benefit, they must choose another option.

Temporary benefits - Sickness, accident, etc. - A benefit to persons who are temporarily incapable of working due to working accident or professional illness.

Temporary benefits - Others - due to accidents, diseases, maternity leave, etc. - These are benefits received due to other reasons different from the above.

Household support - individuals who live supported by other members of their family (i.e. house chores, students, elderly without any pension, etc.).

Important: The individuals who work without receiving payment on a family economic activity can chose the option "household support" and not "work" as their answer if they agree that their work is not sufficient to cover for all expenses that the family incurs to support them. This is a situation we may encounter in the rural area.

Pensions of any kind - All persons who receive a pension, and as long as this is not higher than any other income he may have.
Important: Who answer this question with this option must also answer the next question

Social support - All individuals who receive support from the State, Public Organizations or from other non-profit organizations.

Property or entrepreneurial income - when the subsistence of an individual is granted by rents from proprieties, bank interests, patents, etc.

Other cases - If you encounter a case that does not fit in any of the other case, please chose this answer (for example: scholarship grants).

[Questions 18-28 were asked of individuals of age 12+]

18. Source of livelihood:

Note: Individuals younger than 12 years old end the filling-in of the questionnaire after question 17.
[Applies to questions 18-28]

Question 18: Source of livelihood

For main source of livelihood we understand the main source of income for the last 12 months.

If the enumerated has various sources of income choose only one (the main one).

Work: includes people who live mainly from their work, being paid or not. Persons in the compulsory military service, should choose this answer.

Temporary benefits:

[Questions 10-24 were asked of persons born before December 31, 1999, who consider this living quarter their usual place of residence, according to questions 3 and 9]

[Questions 17 to 23 were asked of persons age 15+ who ever attended school at a level higher then pre-primary, and consider this living quarter their usual place of residence, according to questions 3 and 13]

17. What is your main source of livelihood?

Question 17 - What is your main source of livelihood?

23. In the last 12 months, what was your main source of income?

Question 23- In the last 12 months, what was your main source of income?
[There is an image of page 23]
If the person has more than one source of income, you must indicate only one taking into consideration the main source of income.
[p. 133]
Work- This comprises all people who live primarily from a job whether it is remunerated or not.
The people that work with non-remuneration for a family member, must select this option as long as they consider the work sufficient to cover the family costs (a worker that works for a family-member with no salary but is supported by the family).
A non-remunerated job for a family member is considered a job of at least 15 hours during the week in reference which contributes directly to a business, farm, or office that earn profit and is owned by a family member.
Retirement/Pension- All the people who live mainly from a pension or retirement due to aging, savings, disabilities, due to an accident on the job, social pension, etc...
Unemployment benefit- This includes all people who are unemployed and live mainly from unemployment benefits, in other words, subsidies from the government such as total or partial unemployment benefits, among others.
If the person is an employee, but does not receive any type of unemployment benefit, you must record the answer according to the main source of income.
Benefit in respect of an accident at work or occupational disease - This includes all individuals who are unable to work and receive benefits due to an accident at work or an occupational disease.
Social integration income - This integrated income belongs to the system of solidarity (non-contributable) as part of the integration program in which a benefit is attributed to someone in need due to some economic or social need and can work thereby assisting with any integration in a professional, social or work environment.
Other temporary benefits - This includes temporary benefits due to accidents, illness, maternity leave, etc.; and are not included in any of the previously mentioned benefits.
Property or entrepreneurial income- Includes individuals whose principal income consists of rent from property, interest, profit, dividends, ownership rights, etc.
Social support - Includes people whose principal mean of subsistence is provided by the State, Public Organizations or Private Institutions of Social Welfare, by means of social programs or other, or rather, individuals whose main mode of survival is from public assistance, that may or may not come in form of shelter;
Supported by household- includes people who live with the support of their own family.
Example:
Housewife who only works on household chores and does not have any other type of income, younger children or those that do not work and that have no other source of income (whether they are students or not), etc?
Other- Only classify here people who are not included in any of the previous situations, for example, those who live off of gifts, scholarships, etc.
You must keep in mind that the Scholarships of Social Action, are not considered as payment for work, in this case the beneficiaries must choose the option "Other", however, a Research Scholarship given by a private or public entity who subsidizes research of scientific, technological or specific nature must be considered as remunerated work.

[p.25]

After reviewing the card respondent indicates one or more sources of living among the listed. Based on the received response in the census questionnaire you should make marks that correspond to one or more of the mentioned variants of responses.

In specially outlined box you should write down the number of source of living, which the respondent considers to be the main. Thus the main source of living should be considered the source, income from which is the largest part of the total respondent's income.

Working in enterprise, organization, institution, agriculture (farmer) sector is marked to persons who have entered into a written employment agreement, contract or verbal arrangement with the administration of enterprise, organization, institution or with individual about the conditions of work as well as payment and are employed in enterprises, organizations, institutions of all forms of ownership, such as in state or municipal enterprise, agriculture (farmer) sector, joint stock company, private or joint enterprise, public or religious organization, founds, production cooperative, etc.

This source as a means of living is also marked to persons occupied an elective position;
pensioners and students who have a permanent job; those who study at training and skills development courses; persons who worked at seasonal jobs in spring, summer or autumn (such as at peat field, timber rafting (floating), water transport, fisheries), although at the time of population Census do not work; family members who work in family business for a fee on a common basis; women who were on leave to care for a child until she/he (a child) reaches the age of three or six years; persons who were on leave without retention or partial retention of wages initiated by the administration of enterprise, organization, institution; persons who do not work for three weeks or less due to job changing; persons who performed or are performing paid community work obtained through the employment service.

Working for individuals is marked to those who are employed by individuals (personal secretaries, domestic workers, nurses, drivers, guards, etc.).

Running a business of own is marked to persons who are engaged in own business as individual owners of the company or as members of the owners group of the company in order to earn income or family income in cash or in kind.

[p.26]

Collective owners include members of producers' cooperatives (except employed by cooperatives), members of associations and other collective enterprises. Those who are working in his/her own enterprise can carry out its own production activities both involving the employees or not.

Working on an individual basis is marked to persons who are self-employed and are not in the staff of an enterprise, institution or organization (self-employment: dentist, hairdresser, photographer, etc.); to persons who are engaged in business activities, including the production or craft (e.g., individual activities in trade, individual repair of apartments, tailoring, etc.), as well as to persons with liberal profession engaged in creative activity that brings income and are not in the staff of an enterprise, organization and institution (writers, composers, etc.).
Working at own agriculture (farming) enterprise" is marked to persons who are engaged in their own agriculture (farming) enterprise, registered according to established procedure, that uses its own or leased land and property, produces agricultural products and provides its processing and marketing. Thus the owner of such enterprise can be either an individual or household in whole or its part.

Working at the family enterprise without payment is marked to persons who do any unpaid work at the private or family enterprise, agricultural enterprise owned by one of the members of the household of that person.

Working at private plot is marked to persons who are engaged in private farm activities related to the production of agricultural products or caring for livestock, regardless the products will be used for selling (exchanging) or personal consumption .

Income from property is marked to persons who receive income from their own enterprise (at that, the owner does not work at the enterprise); persons who receive income in the form of rent for leased land, homes, cottages, garages and other property owned by the person; persons who receive income in the form of interest on deposits, credit, bank loan; shareholders who receive income in the form of dividends from the joint-stock company, currency difference for the sold shares and, etc.

Pension is marked to persons who receive old-age pension, disability pension, long service pension, survivor pension, social pension. The "pension" is marked to persons whom it is granted to, but not to those who receive it (for example, "survivor pension" that is granted for children is marked to children, but not to the mother or father, even if they receive this pension).

[p.27]

Scholarship is marked to persons who study and receive a scholarship (including scholars to whom a scholarship is paid by enterprises, organizations or employment service that sent them to training).

Benefits (excluding unemployment allowances) is marked to persons who receive the state social allowances. However, it is marked to those to whom this assistance is granted but not to those who receive it.

For example, for mothers or persons replacing them you should mark allowance due to pregnancy and childbirth; child care allowances until the age of three; payments to mothers (parents) who take care of three or more children under 16 years; allowance for a disabled child care; allowance for children under 16 years old (students - up to 18 years); allowance to single mothers; allowance for military servant's children; allowance for children under guardianship.

Unemployment allowances is marked to capable persons of working age who are registered at the state employment service as unemployed and receive unemployment allowances or financial aid on unemployment.

Other governmental social security is marked to orphans and pupils of boarding schools; to persons who live in nursing homes for elderly and disabled, etc.; to persons who are at government or social organization maintenance.

Dependant is marked to persons who are engaged in cooking in household, caring for children or other relatives, etc., and to persons who live off relatives or others' money.

Dependant is also marked to persons for whom alimony are paid. For example, if alimony is paid for minor children, even if it is received by their mother (father), "dependant" is marked to children but not to mother (father).

Other source is marked to persons whose source of living is a source that is not included in the mentioned above (e.g., savings) and also to ministers of religion (priests, rabbis, etc.)

Those who do not work 22 days or more due to job changing, source of their living is marked (such as "Dependant", "Other source", etc.).