4. Principle construction materials

It is any housing fixed or mobile that has been built or adapted for housing persons. A house, apartment, trailer, tenant room, shack, hospital, and a room are all considered dwellings.

4. Predominant Material in the Construction: You will specify the predominant material employed in the construction of the floors, walls and roofs.
In case of doubt, you will consult with the occupants of the dwelling.

If in a section of the construction more than one material exists, you will only make reference to that used in the largest proportion. For example: If the roof is ¼ covered asphalt and ¾ metal sheets, only mark "metal sheets".

[Questions 2-16 were addressed only in case of an occupied dwelling, with occupants present, per Question 1.]

6. What is the predominant material of the floors?

How do we fill out question 1?
[The instructions refer to a graphic of the census form]
Simply registering the situation that we find, in accordance with the following chart:

6. What is the predominant material of the floors?

5. What is the predominant material of the floor?

5. What is the predominant material of the floors...

5. What is the predominate material of the floors...

Every time that we speak of Predominant Material you should understand it to be the material that is found in the greatest proportion of the floors, exterior walls and exterior covering of the roof of the dwelling. If there are two types of materials in the same proportion, you should register the one that is of the better quality.
Remember that you should only mark one option.

Predominant material: element used in the construction of the floors, exterior walls and exterior coverings of the roof of the dwelling. The reference to "predominant" corresponds to the material that is found in the greatest proportion; if there are two types of materials with the same proportion, you will consider the one of the better quality.

Floors: surface with a solid base on which the structure of the dwelling is seated (for example: cement, ceramic, wood, etc.).

B: Dwelling Unit

Characteristics of the dwelling unit

Specify the characteristics of the head of household's building by checking the appropriate box in columns (a) to (f). Indicate in the last column (g) the total number of rooms in which the household resides.

Floor presentation

Dwelling Characteristics

Column (c): State of the floor
Examine the state of the floor and check the right box.

Nature of the floor (primary construction)

Column (5), (6), and (7): Type of roofs, walls, and floor
Observe the type of the roof, walls, and floor of the main building (head of household's building) of the dwelling unit and circle the numbers corresponding to the observed characteristics in the appropriate columns.
In all cases, mention the predominant material (i.e. the most used) in the case of buildings made with several materials.

(47) Nature of the floor (primary construction)

(50) Nature of the floor - Primary construction material used

This section gives information on the characteristics of the household's lodging.

In the case where a more than one questionnaire is used for the household, the answers to the questions on the habitation's characteristics shall only be noted on form number 1 used for the household.

50. Main floor type

This is the main construction of the habitation unit.

The modality codes for this variable are:

Circle, respectively, the codes corresponding to the questions number 48, 49, and 50. Start with your own observations before asking these questions.

Floors

Question 5. Floors

1. Wood Be it in the form of parquet, planks (machimbre), or some other similar type.

2. Mosaic or floor tiles

3. Brick

4. Cement

5. Dirt

6. Others For example: cane, stone, etc. In this case, specify.

9. What is the material most frequently used in the floors of this dwelling?

Question 9. What is the most-used material in the floors of this dwelling?

The question is presented and the answer is recorded by filling in the corresponding oval.

6 What is the main material used in the floors of this dwelling?

Main construction materials used in building the dwelling
3. Main construction material used in the exterior walls
It refers to primary construction material of the walls of the exterior or outline of the dwelling. Exclude any fences or perimeter walls around it. Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.
4. Plaster on the interior walls of the dwelling
Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.
5. Main construction material used in the roofs
Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.
6. Main construction material used in the floors
Mark the appropriate circle or bubble.

11. Materials of construction of the floor

Columns [H9, H10 and H11] material of construction

(Circle response)

Ask for the material used for the construction of this housing unit (if Lolwapa, take main house)

14. Material used for construction of the floor

Observe the material of construction for the floor and circle the appropriate code:

If none of the above applies, write the name of the material in the space below the codes.

In the sample questionnaire in paragraph 139, the roof is made of thatch (4 is circled in column E12), the walls are made of mud and reeds (code 6 is circled in E13) and the floor is mud (code 3 in E14).

These questions refer to the material of construction of the housing unit (the floor, the walls and the roof) where you are enumerating.

If it is a lolwapa having more than one "sleeping" hut or house, obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit - the "main house" - which will usually be the one used by the head of the household.

If the housing unit is a room, it is the material for the room that is required and this is usually the same as the material for the house.

If more than one type of material is used, e.g. zinc and thatch for the roof, enter the one that has been used for the greater part of the roof.

145. Column E13: Floor

Observe the material of construction for the floor and circle the appropriate code:

If none of the above applies, write the name of the material in the space below the codes.

Housing unit

[Ask for material of construction of the main house for the household]

12. Floor

191. Columns E11/E12/E13: Material of construction of main housing unit
These questions refer to the material of construction of the main housing unit (the floor, the walls and the roof) where you are enumerating.

If it is a lolwapa/dwelling having more than one "sleeping" hut or house, obtain information about the material of construction of the main unit - the "main house" - which will usually be the one used by the head of the household.

If the housing unit is a room, it is the material for the room that is required and this is usually the same as the material for the house.

If more than one type of material is used, e.g. zinc and thatch for the roof, enter the one that has been used for the greater part of the roof.

192. Column E12: Floor
Observe or request to check the material of construction for the floor and circle he appropriate code.

If none of the above applies, write the name of the material in the space below the codes.

4. Floors

H5. Type of floor

[Example omitted]

If the structure is a religious structure, you additionally mark the number of accommodations of the concession in column 28.

If it is a religious space, the physical characteristics to reveal are those in the main accommodation (materials of the walls, the roof, floor, and lighting). Yet, the number of rooms to mark in column 32 is the total number of rooms used by the household, all accommodations included. As such, in the case of a religious space composed only of round accommodations/huts, the number of rooms (column 32) is most frequently equal to the number of accommodations (column 28).

H4. Main material of floor

C. Floors

Construction material

Building Materials

1) Platform or wood parquet; Plastics; Floor tile; brick; stone.

Platform or wood parquet: A platform is made up of connected (mortised) boards 5 to 15 cm wide, nailed onto wooden joists. They have a hollow sound when stepped on.

Wood parquet is made up of small wooden (cane) boards, generally attached on top of a cement mix. It is a compact floor where footsteps are not felt. In some high-quality older buildings, which are generally quite large, wood parquet can be found nailed to floor joists. In these cases, it makes some sound [when stepped on].

Plastics: These floors are characterized by their varied or combined (streaked) colors and their soft consistency which absorbs the noise of footsteps.

Floor tile: Made up of polished squares of different bright colors (gray, red, black, with pictures), generally 20 cm by 20 cm.

Brick: Made up of small clay tiles of a characteristic brick color.

Stone: These are floors that are easily recognizable on sight by their color and characteristic appearance.

2) Dirt: Floors without a covering, composed entirely of packed and leveled dirt.

3. What is the predominant construction material of the dwelling?

C. Floors

[] 1 Parquet, tile
[] 2 Wood floor
[] 3 Carpet (from wall to wall)
[] 4 Plastic (flexit or other)
[] 5 Cement tile
[] 6 Brick, flatwork
[] 7 Earth
[] 8 Other material (specify)

C. In the floor

C. In the floor:

Question 4

Construction materials allow us to define the actual conditions of Chilean dwellings. The following questions are asked:

4a. Exterior walls [An arrow points to a picture of an exterior wall.]
4b. Roof [An arrow points to a picture of a roof.]
4c. Floor [An arrow points to a picture of a floor.]

Question 4a. Exterior Walls

When more than one material is used, you should mark the most used, the predominant material. You should only fill in one oval. [These instructions refer to a graphic of question 4a on the census form.]

[p. 31]

Question 4b. Roof

In the case of an apartment, you should ask about the roof of the last [i.e., the uppermost] floor of the building. [These instructions refer to a graphic of question 4b on the census form.]

Questions 4b (Roof) and 4c (Floor)

Please: Remember to fill in only the oval with the type of material that the informant considers the most used. [Two arrows point to graphics of questions 4b and 4c on the census form.]

3. What is the main construction material...

Continue filling out the questionnaire following each of the following instructions:
[Question 3, housing unit main construction materials]
On each question with a question mark (?), you must wait for a spontaneous response form the informant and then mark the alternative that the informant indicates to you.
[Figures omitted, the first figure shows question 3, and the second one is a visual help for the interviewer about the construction material of exterior walls, the roof, and the floor]
[p. 22]
[Question 4, housing unit bedrooms]
A room used only as a bedroom must not also be used as a kitchen, dining room or living room.
[Figure omitted, image of question 4 from the questionnaire]
[Question 5, water supply]
On each question that ends with a colon (:) you must read the response options to the informant. This question is asking for the housing unit's main source of water for domestic use. Choose the source that contributes the greatest quantity of water. If the housing unit is temporarily without access to the public system due to delay in payment or because of repairs, mark option 1. If water is provided by a neighbor, select the response option corresponding to that neighboring housing unit's water source.
[Figure omitted, image of question 5 from the questionnaire]
The next questions are very important, since they will determine whom you must record for the census and the number of households in the housing unit.

14. Principal material in the floors.

Question No. 14 Predominant material in the floors

(Filled out by observation)

[Below the text is a form.]

Mark "x" in the corresponding box.

If the floors of a dwelling are made of materials of many classes, mark the one that predominates (for example, the class of material that exists in the majority of the rooms).

Examples of synthetic materials are rubber and vinyl.

If the floors are covered, ask if the rug that is placed over a floor is of wood, cement, tile, rubber, etc and mark the alternative that corresponds.

9. Predominant material in the floor

9. Predominant material in the floor

Choose the corresponding alternative taking into account the following criteria:

5. Floor

Question 5: Predominant Materials and State of the Floor

[Below the text is a form.]

The Most Predominant Material Possible

Here you have to register the material that is found in the majority of the floors of the rooms, sleeping quarters or bedrooms of the dwelling, that is to say, that covers a greater area of these.

If the floors in the majority are made of "Wood", the class of this material that is used and the form (for example, parquet) is not important. When the majority of the floors are "Mosaic", you should take into account in this classification also what is known as terrazzo, terracín [type of tile], palladian, and as it occurs with the other questions that we have examined up to now, also is left the possibility that the Predominant Material of the floor is made of "Other" type for example, rug over cement, rug over wood, polished cement, brick, other, etc.

[p. 29]

On the other hand it can be that the floor of the Dwelling is made of earth, that is to say, there is artificially built material over it. In this case you should mark the response that says "Does not have (dirt floor)".

{Polished floors are those that have been scrubbed and covered, generally with red or green ocher.}

The State of the Predominant Material

In the effort of establishing certain norms so that you evaluate the predominant material in the floors, in the manner that your judgments coincide with that of you fellow enumerators, and with those of technical statistics, we mention the following criteria to be used.

• "Good": When the predominant material in the Floor does not show any deterioration such as a crack, hole, sagging base, etc.
• "Fair": if the predominant material requires repairs of some importance, by having damages in its components or in its base.
• "Bad": The floor is required to be substituted by having sagging or rotten bases, with evident danger for the inhabitants of the dwelling.
• When the floor is made of earth the state is not established.

7. The floor is made primarily of . . .?

Cement (ochre, shiny or not): this includes a slab of concrete that has generally been combed and refined, some times, with a finish of some color. This includes carpeted dwellings, with vinyl or laminated floors over cement.

Wood: when the predominate material in the floor is wood, it does not matter which combination has been used in which form, parquet, for example. This also includes the wood floors

[p. 113]

Covered with carpet, vinyl material or laminated floor.

Natural material (chonta or logs): this includes material extracted from nature such as chonta, logs, or timber.

Other material: materials that have been located directly above the ground, like for example, cardboard, old boards, or re used ceramic. Any kind of material that has not been contemplated in the previous categories.

Dirt floor: mark this option if the dwelling has a dirt floor.

5. What is the main material in the home's...

Question 5. What is the predominant material in the home's construction?
This question will gather the construction materials making up the majority of the roof, exterior walls and floors of the homes, as specified in the census questionnaire.
You should ask it taking into account the header of the question, linking it to the subsections as follows:

If a ceiling, exterior wall or floor is constructed of more than one material, you must mark the one that makes up the majority.
Example: if the floor of a home consists of wood and cement, the Enumerator must ask what percent of the home has each, and which occupies a greater area. If most of it is cement, the box corresponding to that flooring material will be checked. If half of the home is made up of one material and half the other, then mark the one that the interviewee states is predominant.
This question will always have three marks, one for each subsection.
[Figure omitted]

44. Type of floor

These questions should be asked only of the head of the household or his representative.

Question 44: Nature of the floor

Ask the question, "What is the floor of your home made out of?"

According to the answer, circle one of the following codes:

43. Nature of the floors

[p.48]

For each question, circle the code that matches the correct answer. For questions involving numbers, legibly write the numbers declared by the head of household in the appropriate grids.

Note: Details must be provided when the "Other, specify" option is selected. In cases where the answer to a question is visible (Questions 39, 41, 42), do not ask the question.

Question 43: Nature of the floors
Ask the question: "What material is the flooring of your dwelling made of?" Provide guidance to the respondent by showing him or her the range of possible answers. Based on the response, and giving priority to the dominant material, circle one of the following codes:

The type of material is identified and the corresponding circle is filled in.

Main construction material of:

6. Flooring:

By observation, fill in the correct answer for the main material of the (exterior) walls of the household. If there is more that one material, record the main one. If there are equal proportions of two or more materials, record the one with the best quality.

In case that you conduct the interview somewhere outside of the house, then you should ask the informant about the main material of the floor of the household. In that case, if the interviewee mentions more than one type of material, you should investigate with him/her, which one is the main material or the material of largest proportion.
It is a general rule that when the walls, floor and roof of the household are made out of two or more materials, you should always consider the material with the largest proportion, and when the materials have equal proportions, consider the one with the highest quality.

III. Predominant building materials

This question has three parts: A) roof or covering, B) exterior walls, C) floor.

Each category can be answered with one and only one answer. If the construction has walls, roof, or floor made of more than one material, mark the predominant material.

5. The predominant material of the floor of the dwelling is?

2. Characteristics of the dwelling

[Questions 4-15 were asked of occupied private households, per question 3 and Section 1.]

4. What is the predominant material used in the floor of the dwelling?

The first two questions of this part of the ballot will be answered by the enumerator using simple observation, before introducing themselves to the occupants of the household; however, if there are any doubts, they can consult with the informant in the household.

4. Floor
What material is most of the floor of this household made from?

The building material most of the floor of the house is made from will be asked and the response from the given codes of building materials will be identified and circled and entered in card column 35. If encountered with building material of the floor other than given in the list its name is recorded in the space next to "other' and code 8 is entered in card column 35.

48. What is the major material used for the construction of the floor of the housing unit?

Two types of census questionnaires are prepared for urban areas: short and long questionnaires. The long questionnaire will be filled in for the selected sample households, for all hotels/hostels and for other collective quarters' inmates. It should be noticed again that the short questionnaire is to be filled in for the rest households (for unselected households). The instruction given below is to fill in the long questionnaire and this instruction is again used to the short questionnaire because questions included in the short questionnaire are parts and parcels of the long questionnaire. The questionnaire is filled in for residents of housing units coded as code 1, 2, 3 or 4 is entered in column 11. Note that, only short questionnaire will be administered for homeless peoples.

Section 4: Detail Information on Housing Units
General Instruction
In this section information on urban housing units are collected.
The enumerator should closely consider the following points before collecting data about housing units.

In this Column the material with which the floor of the housing unit is made is asked and the correct case among the given alternatives is circled and entered in the given card column. If the floor is made of more than one material, the one constituting the longest part should be taken. And if the material with which the floor is made of is other than the ones listed, code 7 shall be circled.

15. What is the type of tenure of the housing unit?

20. What is the major material used for the construction of the major part of the floor of the housing unit?

Question 20:- What is the major material used for the construction of the major part of the floor of the housing unit?

In this question the material with which the floor of the housing unit is made is asked and the correct case among the given alternatives is marked. If the floor is made of more than one material, the one constituting the longest part should be taken. And if the material with which the floor is made of is other than the ones listed, code 9 shall be marked.

H03: Floor
What is the main material of the floor of this dwelling?

This question seeks` information on the main materials used for the construction of the floor of the living quarters. Nine categories have been provided for this section. You should shade the appropriate circle.

21. Floor

In this chapter, there are three sections that list of the principal materials that are used in the construction of walls, roofs, and floors. In each of these sections, you will mark with an X the small box that corresponds to the main material that has been used in the walls, roofs, and floors, since frequently in one construction there are diverse materials used.

c) Floor: you will mark the small box that corresponds to the predominant material in the floor, according to the list that is presented on the form and that does not need any clarification. The line "other" will be used in the same way indicated in the previous sections.

When you finish filling in this part of the form dedicated to construction materials, verify that there is one and only one small box marked for each of the three sections.

In no case should you mark more than one box.

4. Predominant material in the floor

As mentioned previously, questions 1 through 9 of this section should be investigated for each one of the "dwellings". The specific instructions that follow will allow the enumerator to complete the work more efficiently.

Question 4: predominant material in the floor

1. How to investigate this question

The informant is asked what the predominant material in the floor of the dwelling is.

2. How to record the data

Once the type of material used in the construction of the dwelling's floor has been identified, the number of the category is circled.

[p. 37]

3. Example:

[These instructions refer to a graphic of question 4 of the census form]

5. Flooring material

[Question 5 and chapters 3 to 6 are asked of occupied dwellings with people present]

5. What is the predominant flooring material?

This section contains questions and answers for the dwelling characteristics and should only be asked of the first household (household 01) in each dwelling. For unoccupied dwellings, only fill out questions 1-4 of this section and then go to another premise.

5. Main material of the floors
Ask, "What is the main material of the floors of this dwelling?"

[A graphic of question 5, from section 2 of the census form, is included here.]

Responses that include carpeting, vinyl, plastic, or other coverings should not be accepted as the main material of the floor.

II. Characteristics of the dwelling unit

(c) Type of floor

4. Predominant material in the floor

In a dwelling with more than one floor, the material for the first floor is recorded.

5. Predominant material in the floor of the dwelling

[A graphic contains illustrations of six types of materials: (1) clay brick, (2) cement block, (3) cement plate, (4) wood, (5) dirt, and (6) granite or stone bricks]

Only for individual dwellings that are occupied with persons present
[Questions 5- 12 were asked of individual, occupied dwellings.]

5. What is the predominant material of the floors of the dwelling?

Question 5: What is the predominant material of the floor of the dwelling?
Read the question and each of the options for answers and mark the box that corresponds to the answer obtained.

[Illustration is omitted]

6. What is floor made of?

Ask the head of household or other eligible respondent. Circle the code of the correct answer.

B5. What is the main building material of the floor?

Q.8 Main material of floor

411. Primary construction material of floor

Questions 409 to 411: Type of roof, walls and floor
If the roof/walls/floor is made from several types of materials, record the most used material. For a two story building the roof is the uppermost part (outside), and for the walls and floor, this is what exists in a census building of a household.

A roof is what covers the top part of a building so that people living beneath it are protected from the sun, rain, etc.

Walls are the outside/border of a building or that which divides it from other buildings. A room divider is not considered as an outside wall.

Circle the appropriate code for the type of roof, wall and floor of the building based on P409, P410 and P411.

39.6 Columns H23: Dominant construction material of floor for main dwelling unit

Code in column H23 the construction material used to build the floor e.g. code "1" for cement, "2" for tiles, "3" for wood, "4" for earth and "5" for other. Tiles include wooden tiles. Wood means wooden planks.

26-28. Which type of building materials are used for the dwelling unit?

28. Floor

Question 25: Floor material
If the house comprises more than one floor the answer to this question should refer to the material in the 1st floor.

What are the main building materials used for this dwelling?

Question Q50, Q51, Q52: What construction materials were used to build the current house?
The purpose is to collect information on the type of construction materials used to build the household:

 
The record is based on the answers of the interviewee and the actual observation of the surveyor by highlighting in black the box of the answer code as specified in the questionnaire.

56. Main material of the floor of the main type of house

127. Column 56: Main material of floor of the main type of house.

7. Floor material

5. Column H19: Main floor materials

In this section, one has to describe the floor of the selected building. The possible cases selected are:

H5) Main material of floor

3. Floors

In this case, we are interesting in the materials that cover the floor of the dwelling.

The purpose of this section is to gain knowledge of all the construction materials, the number of rooms, and the services which the dwelling has, as well as other characteristics.

In the case of refuges, do not ask the characteristics of the dwelling. Initiate the interview in section II. Residents, households, and lists of persons.

1.1 Floors

In this question, it interests us to know the material that covers the floor of the dwelling.

Dwellings exist that do not have any type of covering for the floor, of which you should include in the first option, Earth.

If it is pointed out that if the floor of a dwelling is covered by more than one different material, ask for the predominant one and mark the corresponding option.

3. Floor
What is the material that most of the floor in this dwelling is made of?

1. Walls, 2. Roof, 3. Floor
The first two questions identify the basic materials with which the walls and roof of the dwelling are constructed, and in the case of the floor, identify if it has covering.

Waste material consists of pieces of cardboard, rubber, tires, and containers among others.

• Circle the code [for the] material that is similar; if the response is a material that is not on the list of options, clarify with the informer mentioning the possible responses.
• When the informer indicates that [the roof and/or walls] are made with two or more distinct materials, mention that [the question] deals with the [material] that covers the greater part. In the case that they are found [to be] in the same proportion, circle the code that corresponds to the first option.

[Figures are omitted]

Consider the carpet in this last option as long as it is installed on a concrete base; if it only is on other material, register the material underneath.

If the respondent answers that some rooms of the house have floors of two or more different materials, ask for the material that covers most; in case you find two or more materials in the same proportion, select the first appearing in the options of response.

3. Floors: What material are most of the floors of this housing unit made of?

15.1 Section I. Characteristics of the housing unit
The questions cover the following topics:

Soil is recorded when most of the housing unit has no floor covering it.

The floor is recorded as cement or firm when most of the housing unit floor s covered with a mixture of gravel, sand, and cement. It is also known as concrete.

[Figure omitted: image with text]

[p. 221]

The option of wood, mosaic, or other coating includes marble, ceramic, laminate, hardwood, and parquet floor.

[Images omitted]

Consider carpet in this option as long as it is installed over a concrete base or overlay, and covers most of the surface; if it is just on top, as a decorative element, register the material underneath.

If they answer that some rooms in the housing unit have floors from two or more different materials, ask for the one covering the largest part; if they are in the same proportions, register the one that appears first in the answer options.

[Images omitted]

The question floors is presented in the census manager as follows:

[Figure omitted: image with text]

Click on the image below to watch the video on construction characteristics.

L05. Flooring materials

[Question 7 through 11, section F and G were asked those in private occupied dwellings]

7. The house floor is made of: (excluding kitchen and bathrooms)

[] Others

Read the Question and each of the alternatives. Wait for the response. Write an X in the number that corresponds to the predominant material in the construction of the house floor.

The following types of construction materials were considered: Wood or parquet, Marble/Granite, Cement, Mosaic/Ceramic, Adobe (dirt floor), nothing and other materials.

There should be only one answer.

38. Main construction material of the housing unit

Floor

Flooring material
5. What is the predominant material used for flooring?

3. Floor material in the dwelling:

7. Material in the floor of the dwelling

Question 7: What is the predominant material in the floor of this dwelling?
Mark a single circle according to the type of material that the largest part of the floor of the dwelling is built with, according to the response of the person. In case of doubt, keep in mind that:

Question No. 8: What is the predominant material in the floor of this dwelling?

What is wanted with this question is the predominant material of which the floors of the dwelling are built.
It refers to the material of the majority of the floors of the rooms of the dwelling. It is considered earthen floor when in the interior of the structure there has not been any improvement to the earth in its original state.
This question is concerned with the material of the majority of the floor of the rooms of the dwelling.
One should not look only at the material of the floor in the living room because in some dwellings this floor is different than the material of the rest of the rooms.
Mark a single circle according to the type of material that the largest part of the floor of the dwelling is built with, according to the response of the person.

3. Predominant material

C. Floor

These serve to determine the principal characteristics and the conditions, in which they are found, in terms of the construction, comfort, disposition of basic services, etc.

For the purposes of the census, the dwelling is any shelter, separated and independent, built or used for housing persons.

In the "collective dwellings", this part will be completed up to the part of type of dwelling.

c) Floor: You will mark the predominant material in floors of the dwelling with an X. If only one room has tile floor and the rest are brick, this is the predominant material.

3. Predominant material
C. Floor

For responses 2 through 6, end the interview here.
[Questions 3 to 13 are asked of occupied households with present members]

4. What is the predominant material in the floor?

Questions 3 to 5: What material predominates in the exterior walls, roof and floor?

These questions refer to the material that is most used in said construction.

3. What is the predominant material in the exterior walls?

4. What is the predominant material of the floor?

5. What is the predominant material of the roof?

4. What is the predominant material in the floor?

The construction materials allow us to obtain information about the real conditions of the dwelling in Paraguay.

What is the predominant material of the floor? Remember that you should only mark one single option with the type of material that the informant considers to be the most used.

C) The predominant material in the floors is:
Read the question and each of the alternatives. Wait for an answer. Circle the number that corresponds to the response.
If it is a material that is not listed, circle the number that corresponds to "Other material" and specify the name of it.
[The instructions are accompanied by a drawing of a dwelling with floors made of cement and floor tiles and a picture of part C of this question on the Enumeration Form.]

Question 3: What is the Dwelling's Predominant Building Material?

3B: The predominant building material of the floors is:
In option 7, "Other Material", take into account any type of material not mentioned in the above options, such as stone, brick, sand, paving stones [empedrado], etc.
Predominant building material used for the floors: This refers to the building material for the majority of the floors in the dwelling's rooms.
Example: The bedroom floor in Ernestina's dwelling is made of parquet, but the rest of the rooms in the dwelling have cement flooring. Circle option 2, "Cement."

5. In the housing unit, is the predominant construction material in the floors:

Question 5: In the housing unit, is the predominant construction material in the floors:

In option 7, "other material?", please consider any type of material not established in the previous options, such as stone, brick, sand, cobblestone, concrete, among others.

H5. Floor

6. What is the main material used for the floor?

H06: Paving materials
What is the main material used for the floor?

Particularly as regards the predominant material, encircle the code number which matches the response given by the respondent.

Note: The enumerator has no right to move into the house by way of verification.

E07. Nature of the floor and coating of the main building

E07: nature or covering of floor of the main building
Circle the option corresponding to the nature of the dominant material used for the floor of the dwelling occupied by the household.
Observe and if possible ask questions to determine the nature of the floor.

Columns H05 to H07 -- Materials of construction of dwelling units
169. You are required to record answers to H05 to H07 by observation. For example, having observed that the dwelling unit has zinc as the material of construction of the roof and cement as the material of construction of the wall and floor, there is absolutely no reason asking the respondents questions relating to them. Only

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ask them in circumstances where you are not absolutely sure which material of construction a house is made of.

170. Record the answer to each of the columns (i.e. column H05 for "Roof", H06 for "Wall" and H07 for "Floor").

Section 2: Housing facilities

Major material of construction of dwelling units

H07 Floor

Major material of construction [Questions H06-H08]

H08. Floor

186. Columns H01 to H19 relate to specific questions concerning the household. They are questions that relate to the household as a whole and not to individual members.

Columns H06 to H08 -- Major materials of construction of dwelling units.
193. You are required to record answers to H06 to H08 by observation. For example, having observed that the dwelling unit has zinc as the material of construction of the roof, cement as the material of construction of the wall and floor, there is absolutely no reason asking the respondents questions relating to them. Only ask them in circumstances where you are not sure which material of construction the house is made of. Ask for major material of construction in order to capture structures that are made of mud but plastered with cement.

194. Record the answer to each of the columns i.e. columns H06 for roof, H07 for wall and H08 for floor.

Material used in construction of the house where household members live
The aim of questions 29-31 is to know the material used in construction of the main house in which household members live in. These materials are those used in roofing, building walls, and floor of the house.

Question 31: What is the floor of the main house made of?
Question 31 is about the material used in making the floor of the main house where household members live. Shade according to the answer given by the respondent.
The following codes will be used in this question:

44. What are the main flooring materials used for the main building of this household?

(H04) Material of the floor of rooms in dwelling

F- Characteristics of the habitat

Question H04: Nature of the floor

You should ask the nature of the floor in the building's most important dwelling. This means the floor in the most important building occupied by the household. Circle then record in the box the code corresponding to the nature of the floor of the rooms of the most important building in the dwelling.

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The modalities of possible response are:

For any other nature of floor not indicated above, circle code 8, record it in the box and specify this nature on the dotted lines.

Roofing, wall and floor material

208. These are self-explanatory. If more than one material is used, tick the main one.

H6 Types of materials mainly used for the floor

3. What is the predominant material in the floor of the dwelling?

10. What is the predominant material of the floor?

6. Which is the predominate material of the floors of the dwelling? (VivDV03)
(Read the question and select the appropriate option according to the response)

• If it deals with a private unoccupied household, this module doesn't apply and the system returns to the list of addresses.
• If it deals with a collective occupied dwelling, the system displays below the questions regarding the people that habitually reside in the household.
• If it deals with a private dwelling and it is detected that it is occupied, the system displays the questions that will be presented below.

Which is the predominate material of the floors of the dwelling?

Consider the floors of all the rooms that the dwelling has. Select the predominate material.

• Ceramic, tile, stone, wood, carpet, linoleum, etc.: Floor with finished materials of diverse types, including floating/engineered wood and parquet.
• Sand and Portland cement: A layer of 1 or 2 cm. of sand and Portland extended and smoothed about the subfloor, with or without color.
• Only subfloor without floor: A layer of a mix that contains stone or rubble applied directly to the ground, forming a resistant base for the future placement of floors.
• Ground without floor or subfloor: An earthen ground that does not have any of the finishes enumerated in the previous options.
• Other: This consists of materials that cannot be classified in any of the previous categories. The majority of the cases that are presented are covered in the previous categories, so that this option will only be used in very exceptional cases.

Question 7

-- Floor

The material that covers most of the floors in all of the dwelling is recorded here.

If more than one type of material is used in the floor of a dwelling, only the predominant material is recorded (that is, the material used most).

Important: The enumerator can make the annotations for the questions dealing with predominant materials (5, 6, 7) by direct observation.

Only one oval is filled out for each question.

13. Just like in H - 3 above, the respondent may be of assistance in this question. However, if it is quite obvious to you, enter the appropriate code in the box provided.

Just like in H - 3 above, the respondent may be of assistance in this question. However, if it is quite obvious to you, Shade the appropriate code.

• Concrete: Is a mixture of crushed stones, river sand and cement, with the right amount of water. It can be molded into any shape. It is weak under tensile stress and strong under compression.
• Cement: Is the building material usually greenish to gray in color and sometimes light brown. It hardens in moist condition.
• Brick: Brick molded from seasoned clay and burnt to a temperature of 1,300o C.
• Tiles; can be PVC or baked clay. If they are baked clay, they are called quarry tiles. They have a rough glazed finish on the face and are about 6 millimeters thick or more.
• Mud: Is usually from treated or seasoned clay mixed with cow dung. It makes a hard shiny floor. It is mostly found in traditional houses.
• Wood (Not Wooden Tiles): Usually floor above ground level and not popular here in Zambia due to our climate.
• Marble: Used in high cost building. It can be in the form of tiles or slabs. It makes a high durable shine. Marble are cut from stone (marble stone) in flat sheet and polished to give a shiny finish.
• Terrazzo: Floors made out of concrete with a selected course aggregate of 13 millimeters or slightly less. The top is grinned flat with a machine and then polished. The floor finish is usually black or white.
• Other: Whatever is not mentioned above.