13. What is the number of years [the respondent] has continuously lived in this town or the rural part of this Wereda?

Prior to collecting the required information on migration, it is very important to have a knowledge regarding what the concept migration stands for. Question like how a given individual is considered to be a migrant in a given locality during a census period and setting up the criteria to respond the question is so crucial. Based on the type of place of residence i.e urban and rural areas, different meanings and criteria are set to define migration or a person as a migrant. Therefore, before executing the actual data collection, it is necessary and mandatory to understand the meanings and criteria used to define the term migration or a migrant person for both urban and rural settings. Hence the detail on the meaning and criteria used to define migration for both rural and urban areas are different and given as follows.

In Rural Areas:
A person is considered to be a migrant during the time of the census if he/she is found to have crossed the defined boundary of the "woreda" where he/she was previously residing. Moreover, even though the person does not cross the boundary of the woreda but found to have shifted his/her usual place of residence from a given rural kebele to an urban area of the same woreda during the time of the census, he/she will be taken as a migrant. Nonetheless, an individual is not regarded as a migrant in condition where a person is found to have changed his/her usual place of residence from a given rural kebele or farmer association to another rural kebele of the same woreda.

In addition to the above criteria, the following cases have to be considered to identify whether an individual is a migrant or not in rural settings.

Whether the person decides to return back or stay where he/she is, if the individual reports that the length of duration from the period he/she left the woreda where he/she previously residing to the time of the census is six months or more, he/she will be considered as a migrant.
Even though the length of duration from the period the individual left the woreda where he/she previously residing to the time of the enumeration is less than six months and if he/she has no any intention to return back to his/her previous place of residence (woreda), the person will be considered as a migrant.

However, the person will not be considered as a migrant if the length of duration from the period the individual left the woreda where he/she previously residing to the time of the enumeration is less than six months and he/she has decided to return back to his/her previous place of residence (woreda).

In Urban Areas:
In urban areas a person will be enumerated as a migrant if the individual fulfills the following criteria;

The person is a migrant if the individual was born in or came from any other urban or rural dwellings of the country or if his/her previous usual place of residence was any urban areas of the same woreda or another woreda and the length of duration from the period he/she left his/her previous place of residence to the time of the census is six months or more.
Even though the length of duration from the period the individual left his/her previous place of residence to the time of enumeration is less than six months and if he/she has no any intention to return back to his/her previous place of residence, the person will be taken as a migrant.
However, the person will not be considered as a migrant if the length of duration from the period the individual left his/her previous place of residence to the time of enumeration is less than six months and he/she has decided to return back to his/her previous place of residence.

Question 13:- About Duration of Migration

For urban areas: What is the number of years [the respondent] has continuously lived in this urban area?

For rural areas: What is the number of years [the respondent] has continuously lived in this rural woreda?

The ways to present this question to the respondent are different according to the place where the area of enumerations is found. For the respondent residing in an urban enumeration area, the question will be asked as, "for how long you used to live continuously in this urban area?" However, if the place of enumeration is found in rural areas the question will be presented to the respondent as follows; "for how long you used to live continuously in this rural woreda?"

All members of a given household will be asked the question and the necessary code from the given options will be shaded for each member based on the response provided by the respondent.

In addition to what is stated previously, the following cases are imperative to have a clear understanding so as to collect the required information on migration during the period of census.

In some cases there are conditions where a person is born in a hospital or health service giving institution which is located out of the woreda in which his/her household is residing. Under this situation the place of birth of the person is considered to be the place where his/her household is residing rather than the hospital or health service giving institution. Because of this, the individual is not considered as a migrant during enumeration.

In a similar condition where a woman gave birth to a child in a residence of her parents or relatives and return back to her household, the place of birth of the child is the place where the mother and her household is living, not the residence of her parents or relatives.

There are conditions when individuals did not use to live in a rural part of a woreda or an urban area since birth but after sometimes they started to live continuously in that rural area of the woreda or urban area. Under this circumstance, such members of a household will be asked for how long they start to live continuously in the rural woreda or urban area and the necessary code will be assigned based on the information to be obtained. The information to be filled will be in completed years. For instance, if the information given is 3 years and one month, the number of years to be considered will be 3 years.

In order to clearly state the criteria given earlier to define migration or a migrant person and to enhance the understandings of the enumerator, the following examples are provided.

A. During enumeration persons who did not use to live in a rural part of the woreda (place of enumeration) since birth are divided in to two categories
Those who were born in any rural and urban areas of another woreda or urban areas of the same woreda;

Those who were born in the same rural area of a given woreda but after sometime they left they place of birth and stayed in other woreda or urban area of the same woreda but return back to their place of birth. This refers to those who returned back after stayed for six months or more away from their place of birth

For example,
A person called Megerssa Tullu was born in Chefa rural kebele of Ginir Woreda and he used to live in his place of birth continuously for 15 years since birth. Shortly he left his place of birth and started to live in Ginir town of the same woreda for 5 consecutive years. But the person returned back to his place of birth 2 years prior to the time of the census. Under this situation the number of years Megerssa Tullu have lived continuously in the woreda (area of enumeration) is the duration from the time he retuned back to Chefa rural kebele from Ginir town to the period of the census, two years. The fifteen years he used to live continuously in his place of birth after he was born is not considered.

B. At the time of census, persons who do not continuously live since the time of birth in the urban area are also grouped in to two.

Those who were born away from the place of enumeration: This refers to those who were born in other urban areas or any rural areas of the country.

Those who were born in the present area of enumeration but for some periods of time they had lived in other urban areas or any rural localities and shortly returned back to their place of birth or the current place of enumeration. This refers to those who once upon a time used to live continuously in other urban areas or any rural dwellings for six months or more but found to be in their place of birth during enumeration.

For example,
A man named Tesfaye Kebede was born in place of enumeration called Goro town of Goro woreda and he used to live in his place of birth continuously for 8 years since birth. Later on he left his place of birth and started to live in Meliyu town of the same woreda for 5 consecutive years. But the person is found to have returned back to his place of birth at the time of census. Under this condition the number of years individual has lived continuously in the area of enumeration is the duration from the time he retuned back to his place of birth or from Meliyu town to the period of the census. The 8 years he used to live continuously in his place of birth before he went to Meliyu town is not considered.

A person called Yimer Ali used to live continuously in his place of birth, Dessie town from the time of birth to age of 8. Shortly he left his place of birth and started to live in Nekemte town of Oromia Region for 5 years and later on he returned back to his place of birth 3 months prior to the time of census. Under this situation the number of years the person has lived continuously in the Dessie town (area of enumeration) is the duration from the time he retuned back to Dessie town from Nekemte town to the period of the census, i.e. only three months.
Based on the above given detailed examples and criteria, the codes for the possible responses for question 13 are given as follows:

Hence, based on the response obtained from the respondent the necessary code from the given alternative will be taken and marked. For example, for a person who reports that he used to live continuously in the area of enumeration for less than a year, code 0 will be marked. Similarly, code 5 will be marked for those have been living for 5 to 6 years in the place of enumeration continuously etc...