Hungary 1970 |
Hungary 1980 |
Hungary 1990 |
Hungary 2001 |
Hungary 2011 |
a. When did you obtain your qualification?
b. How long did it take to obtain your qualification?
The questions related to the education should be filled in only in case the enumerated person was born in 1963 or earlier. That is in case of the children born between 1964 -1969 this part as well as part III of the questionnaire will be empty.
First question of part II collects information on the regular school attendance of the enumerated person. A regular school i.e. educational institution is
In the secondary level: the grammar school,
The specialized secondary school;
The technical school of a higher level,
The teachers training college
Training college for kindergarten teachers.
Questions 12-14 refer to the training completed in regular educational institutions. A supplementary instruction is issued to define the education obtained regarding the persons having completed studies in educational institutions already not existing.
12. Not studied in a school
The number of the completed grade in each of the types of schools listed in sub-question 11/a will be entered into the quads in sub-question 11/b and the qualification obtained will be underlined at sub-question 11/c. The educational attainment should be enumerated according to the prevailing educational system.
Qualifications obtained at specialized courses must not be entered. The former statement does not valid in cases of specialized courses if the respective legislation is specifying that by taking some state exams the given qualification will be equivalent with a completed secondary or higher education. To accept i.e. to enter the answer to questions 11 and 12 is possible only if all the required exams had been taken by the respondent.
11/b Class (grade) completed
The completed grade is the one which might be confirmed by a certificate. In case the respondent had visited several schools of the same type the classes completed must not be summarized but the highest grade completed should be marked. In case a person born before 1973 did not attend school or at the reference date of the census is at the first grade of the primary school "0" will be entered into the quad at inscription "general, primary" and the other quads remain empty. In each of the cases after the last completed year "0" is entered and the following quads remain blank.
Schools for mentally defective persons are treated as general (primary) schools.
Question 13.
The aim of the interrogation is to acquire information on the level of schooling of the population. Therefore the types of schools and the classes, grades completed and the qualifications obtained in other types of schools not listed in the questionnaire must not be recorded. The answer "without completed school (00)" is marked for persons who did not even complete the general (primary) school, irrespective of their illiteracy.
The highest education i.e. the highest grade completed (also in case of the students) in the general (primary) school must be registered in the respective boxes, while the other institutions of the official school system the marking is necessary if the person has completed studies.
The completed studies abroad should be classified according to the Hungarian system, qualifications obtainable.
The different types of schools are the following
[Comment of the translator: quite many of the school types refer to educational systems that no longer apply. The names of the institutions might seem not familiar for the experts in the (traditional) classification of the educational institutions]:
The general (primary) school includes -- with the exemption of schools for extensive training -- each educational institution of elementary training, popular school, schools for back warded pupils and the so called "civilian school", as well as the first four years of the grammar school of 8 grades.
[p. 11]
The boxes at the "civilian school" can be used only if persons born before 1935.
The educational attainment, i.e. the grades completed must not be converted into the present educational system, e.g. in case a persons completed the 4th class of the "civilian school" "4" should be marked in the respective box.
While answering the further questions only the completed studies will be marked. The following items are regarded as completed studies:
The manual further gives a detailed list on the educational institutions of secondary and high level education, the translation of the individual items seems not necessary.
The following qualifications must not taken into account even in case those have been obtained in an educational institution of the regular school system: certificates obtained in course raining, certificate of profession obtained within the adult training, certificate on completing the grades of higher educational institutions, special exams passed in postgraduate training (e.g. specialized physician, specialized engineer, judge, etc.).
12.1--12.6. All educational qualifications have to be taken into account. It is not enough if you give the highest level one only. You must not write in courses. You must not make difference between qualifications obtained via regular or non-regular form of education (evening or mail course, distance teaching, private).
12.1 The number of classes (years) must not be converted into the current education system. Currently someone goes to school if he/she is enrolled for the 2000/2001 school year in one of the listed types of school.
II. Education attainment
Take into account studies and qualifications only in formal education.
[Question were of all persons]
19. What is your highest completed level of education?
Studies and qualifications obtained in formal education have to be taken into account in questions 17.1.--20
Persons in formal education are in legal status with the school as pupils or students. Questions regarding school attendance must be answered only in case the respondent is in legal status with the school as pupil or student (question 17.1 must be answered also in case of attending infant nursery or kindergarten), completed educational attainment must be taken into account only if it had been obtained in formal education. Persons attending schools outside formal education (e.g. trainings) are not in legal status with the school, so these studies and certificates must not be counted.
19. What is your highest completed level of education?
The order of the pre-printed answers defines the possible educational levels: the first is the lowest and the last is the highest educational level. The only one answer has to be marked which relates to the person.
The highest educational attainment relates to the schools completed only in the educational system.
Qualifications obtained in courses and vocational training or apprentice school certificates obtained during part-time education must not be taken into account. These qualifications are not part of the educational system.
If the person got a university or colleague degree but did not get final exam, it is not meant to be education completed, so this should not be taken into account when defining the highest educational level.
Qualifications attained abroad have to be classified according to the Hungarian school system levels.
Not even the first grade of general (primary) school completed is the education of those having completed 1--7th years of general (primary) school, 1--3rd years in civil school, 1st year in 6 grades secondary school and 1-3rd years in 8 grades secondary school. Moreover include those who not even attend one grade of any school.
General (primary) school is the education of those having completed the 8th grade of general (primary) school, 4-6th years of the civil school and do not have higher education or attended some years in secondary level of education but did not get either vocational exam or final examination.
Secondary level without final examination, with final vocational exam is the education of those having attained certificate of profession in vocational training school or certificate of profession in apprentice school. Defining the highest educational attainment from the earlier vocational training schools only those are included in this category which had been completed in 1961 or later, and from the sanitary apprentice schools or typing schools only those which had been completed in 1976 or later all attended in full-time.
Secondary level with final examination is the education of those having secondary level with final examinations either general or with vocational and of those who completed some grades in university or college etc. but did not get any diploma, certification. Secondary level with final examination educational attainment comprises of the following groups:
General certificate of education is the highest educational attainment of those who got general certificate of education in secondary general school or secondary vocational school and do not have a vocational exam based on the general certification or higher education. This group includes also those persons who got final secondary examination between 1974 and 1986.
General certificate of education with qualifications is the highest educational attainment of those who got their general certificate with qualifications in secondary vocational school, technical school, upper-commercial school, secondary level teacher and kindergarten teacher institution and do not have higher education completed. This group includes also those persons who completed a vocational final exam between 1949 and 1955.
Certificate of vocational programs is the highest educational attainment of those who got general certificate in secondary vocational school between 1985 and 2002 and after the general certificate they got technical certificate in 1-3 grades and those who got secondary or higher level vocational certification listed in the National Vocational Register (OKJ) in secondary vocational school after doing general certificate and do not have higher education completed. This group includes also those persons who got general certificate of education in secondary vocational school for apprentice school for skilled workman.
Certificate of higher vocational programs is the highest educational attainment of those who got higher vocational certification in secondary vocational school or tertiary educational institution after 1998 and do not have college or university diploma.
University, college, etc. with degree is the education of those having a college (or equivalent, e.g. BA/BSc) degree or a university (or equivalent, e.g. MA/Msc) degree, or completed supplementary university courses (PhD or DLA).
College diploma (or equivalent, e.g. BA/BSc) is the highest educational attainment of those who got diploma in college, tertiary level technical school, tertiary level vocational school, tertiary level kindergarten teacher or teacher institution etc. This group includes also those persons who got BA, BSc degree in tertiary educational system in basic training.
University diploma (or equivalent, e.g. MA, MSc) is the highest educational attainment of those who got certificate or diploma in university, equivalent level tertiary level institution in basic or supplementary training and in professional further training. This group includes also those persons who got master degree (MA MSc) in the current tertiary educational system in master training or unified training.
PhD or DLA degree is the highest educational attainment of those who got doctoral scientific degree achieved in doctoral regulations. Defining the highest educational attainment only those scientific doctoral degrees are included in this category which had been attained in 1991 or after. Those who got doctoral name together with the university diploma (lawyer, doctor, dentist, chemist, or veterinarian) do not belong to this group.