Questionnaire Text

China 1982
China 1990
China 2000
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China 1982 — source variable CN1982A_EDUC — Education level
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Persons aged 6 and above
VII. Educational level
[] 1. College graduate
[] 2. Undergraduate
[] 3 Senior middle school
[] 4. Junior middle school
[] 5. Primary school
[] 6. Illiterate or semi-literate

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7. Educational level. People age 6 and above should provide the information on the topic according to their last record of formal schooling at the reference time, or their schooling equivalent to their present educational level. University level is divided into two categories: graduate and undergraduate. Undergraduate refers to one who once studied at university but did not finish. Postgraduates should draw a circle on "Graduate". Make no distinction between "graduate" and "undergraduate" when the educational level involved is senior middle school and [pg. 23] below. For instance, people who have graduated from, or studied, or are studying at the senior middle school, all circle on "Senior middle school".

"University" includes colleges and junior colleges. People who have passed examination and obtained a certificate through self-study and taken advanced courses of a university curriculum can also be considered as "Graduate". Radio and television university, factory-run university, correspondence and night courses, and courses of other forms run by university can be regarded as universities only if they follow the teaching plan or programme (full course) of the college; those which follow the teaching plan or programme of the secondary vocational or technical school are regarded as secondary vocational schools or secondary technical schools. Those who take a single radio, T.V. or correspondence course should not be marked down as having a university education. Those who are studying or have graduated from secondary technical school should be classified in senior middle school. Those of vocational school at junior middle school level should be classified in junior middle school and vocational school of senior middle school level should be classified in senior middle school. Those who are studying in or have graduated from secondary technical school after having graduated from senior middle school still mark themselves down as senior middle school. The enumerator may choose a certain educational level for those who studied under private tutors according to his or her own declaration.

People age 6 and above who are illiterate or know less than 1,500 words with which they cannot read simple language books and newspapers or write a simple message, should circle on "illiterate or semi-literate". People who know more than 1,500 words and can read simple language books and newspapers and write simple message, are considered as having reached non-illiterate level. They may be put down as having primary school level.

According to state stipulations, people age 12 years and above who declare themselves to be "illiterate or know only a few words'' should be counted as illiterate or semi-literate. Some people between age 6 and 11, who mark themselves down as "illiterate or semi-literate", would not be counted as such in tabulations.

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China 1990 — source variable CN1990A_EDATTAN — Educational attainment
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9. Educational level:
Persons age 6 and over

a)
[] 1 Illiterate or semi-literate
[] 2 Primary
[] 3 Junior middle
[] 4 Senior middle
[] 5 Technical secondary
[] 6 2-year college or certificate
[] 7 College or university

b)
[] 1 Student
[] 2 Graduate
[] 3 Attended, but did not graduate
[] 4 Other

Questionnaire instructions view entire document:  text  image

9. Education level -- reported by respondents aged 6 and over. This item is divided into two parts. The left column asks education level which indicates the highest level of education attainted by the respondent by the end of the census. It is measured by a 7 category answer scheme. People should be put into corresponding education levels if they have passed equivalent self-taught exams.

1. Illiterate: refers to illiterate people who are aged 6 and over knowing less than 1500 Chinese characters; being unable to read newspapers and/or writing informal notes (don't include students currently enrolled in elementary schools).

2. Elementary School: refers to people who graduated from/studied/or are studying in an elementary school; also include people who have never entered school but master 1500 and over Chinese characters, are able to read news papers and write informal notes.

3. Junior High School: refers to people who graduated from/studied/or are studying in a junior high school. Vocational training equivalent to junior high school should be taken as level of junior high school.

4. Senior High School: refers to people who graduated from / studied / or are studying in a high school or vocational high school. Vocational training equivalent to senior high school should be taken as level of senior high school.

5. Intermediate Vocational School: refers to people who graduated from / studied / or are studying in an intermediate vocational school.

6. 2 Year College or University Certificate below Bachelor: refers to people who graduated from / studied / or are studying in a 2 year college. People who have past equivalent self-taught exams and attained corresponding certificate should be in this category. People who graduated from / studied / or are studying in the following institutions which offer equivalent education of a 2 year college, according to the curriculum issued by the State Education Committee, are also in this category: television college, factory college, correspondence college, night college, and other colleges.

7. Bachelor's degree: refers to people who graduated from / studied / or are studying in a university offering Bachelor's, Master's or PhD degree. People who have past equivalent self-taught exam and attained corresponding certificate should be in this category. People who graduated from / studied / or are studying in the following institutions which offer equivalent education of Bachelor, Master, or PhD, according to the curriculum issued by State Education Committee, are also in this category: television college, factory college, correspondence college, night college, and other colleges.

People who graduated from / studied / or are studying in institutions not offering education following the curriculum issued by the State Education Committee, or only taking single course in certified institutions should not be put into this category. Check their original highest education level.


The right column is about completion status which is measured by a 4 category answer scheme. Those who check category 1 for education level do not need to answer this question.

Attending: attending respective education institutions as registered students
Graduation: graduated from respective education institutions
Attended: attended education institutions without graduation
Others: people who want to attain certificate by attending education institutions as part-time students, studying with private teachers, or self-study.


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China 2000 — source variable CN2000A_EDATTAIN — Educational attainment
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15. Education

[] 1 Never been to school
[] 2 With some basic training (semi-illiterate)
[] 3 Elementary school
[] 4 Middle school
[] 5 High school
[] 6 Special training school
[] 7 College (2-3 years) diploma
[] 8 College degree
[] 9 Graduate school
If 6-8, please indicate whether it is from continuing education: ____
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R9. Education level
According to national education system, education level refers to the highest obtained degree of a person. If a person obtained a degree and passed national standard tests by self-learning or adult education, they can also be categorized to corresponding education levels.
The question has nine standard answers.

1. Never been to school - never received any education from national or other institutions.
2. Basic literacy class - has been to anti-illiteracy class or adult literacy class, but received no formal education.
3. Primary school - has been to primary school, regardless of completing the study or not
4. Junior high school - has been to junior high school or equivalent skills-training school, regardless of completing the study or not
5. Senior high school - has been to senior high school or equivalent skills-training school, regardless of completing the study or not
6. Secondary training school - has been to secondary training school, regardless of completing the study or not
7. College - has been to college, regardless of completing the study or not. People who obtained college degree and passed the national standard test by self-learning also applies to this category. People who obtained college degree by attending nationally recognized broadcast or TV university, employee university, distance-learning organized by universities, or other forms, all apply to this category.
8. University degree - has been to universities, regardless of completing the study or not. People who obtained bachelor degree by attending to nationally recognized broadcast or TV university, employee university, distance-learning organized by universities, or other forms, all apply to this answer.
9. Graduate degree - has been in school for master or doctoral degrees, regardless of completing the study or not. People who pursued on-job master or doctoral study but fail to obtain degrees do not apply to this category.
Part One. Personal Records

R14 through R16 apply to persons who are 6 years or older.

R15. Education level
This question has two parts. The first part is the same as R9 of the short form.
The second part - if the person has completed adult education - refers to any education received outside the national standard educational system. This part only applies to persons who answered 5 - 8 in the first part of this question.


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China 2000 — source variable CN2000A_SCHOOL — School attendance
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16. Current education status

[] 1 Attending an educational institute
[] 2 Graduated
[] 3 Graduated with no diploma
[] 4 Terminated education
[] 5 Other
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Part One. Personal Records

R14 through R16 apply to persons who are 6 years or older.

R16. School completion
Only persons who received higher than primary school degree will answer this question (that is, those who answered 3-9 in the first part of R15).
There are five standard answers.

1. In school - currently attending schools and are full time students
2. Graduated - have completed all the school curricula and passed the graduation exam.
3. Incomplete - have completed all the school curricula but failed to pass the graduation exam.
4. Drop-off - have not completed all the school curricula.
5. Others - attend home-based schools, self-learning, or acquire education through other means.