The following questions reflect economic characteristics of the population.

R17 through R24 apply to persons who are 15 years or older.

R18. Days of work
If a person worked for less than 24 hours, count it as one day.
Please note:

Household member aged ten years or above will be asked if he/she has been engaged in productive activity during the last seven days prior to the census day and the response is entered in column 32, card column 58. Number of days that is entered may be 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7. A person is said to have worked for one day if worked for four hours and over in a day. If the person has worked for less than one day in the last seven days, or has not worked at all, then he/she will be considered as not worked. For those who have worked for less than one day or who has never worked, "00" will be entered in this column card column 58. If the household member has worked over the last seven days, then "7" will be recorded in card column 58. Definition of productive activity and classification of productivity by sector are presented as follows and it is important to understand them well.

Productive activity is the process of producing goods and services with the intention of marketing and to exchange in cash or in kind in order to derive income. The activity may be run in enterprises under private, family, private, government or public ownership and payment or income may be secured on daily, weekly, monthly basis, or in proportion to the work done.

Moreover those engaged in crop production, livestock raising and poultry farming, hunting and fishery and use their entire production to household consumption instead of bringing to market are considered to have been engaged in productive activity.

But in-house work and service is not considered productive. For example the time a housewife spends on preparing food and tella (local drink) and similar items for the household consumption is not considered as being engaged in productive activity. In addition beggars, those who live in prostitution serving in bars or otherwise and others are not considered as being engaged in productive activities.

However, owners of bars and hotels who employ cooks, janitors and housekeepers other than bar ladies and bartenders, etc. are considered to have been engaged in productive work and "Employer" will be entered for them as their employment status. Female owners employing workers other than bar ladies are considered to have been engaged in productive activity and "self-employed" will be entered for them as their employment status. Furthermore both males and females employed in government hotels and working as waiters and waitresses are considered as being engaged in productive activity. In addition people working and volunteering in public and humanitarian organizations and others without pay (having no other job) and those working in garage and similar places to acquire experience are considered as working in productive activities.

Productive activities are classified in the following categories.

[For rural areas]
28. Was [person] engaged in productive activity during the last 12 months?

[For urban areas]
28. Was [person] engaged in productive work during the last seven days?

The information collected on economic activity status in these columns during the last
7 days include:

D. Production of items for sale: For example, industrial products, production of pottery ,etc? and persons providing services for generating income for example, barbers, selling local drinks like " Tella" and "Katikala" and weaving, brokers, .etc..
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E. Paid employment activities in governmental, other households or organizations: for example physicians, teachers, employed farmers, shepherd, etc? It also includes unpaid communal work, for example, food for work, planting trees (forestry), communal labour, etc.
F. Producing items for own consumption or for sale or production of durable goods for domestic use, these are:

1. Activities involving in primary production for own consumption:

Example, producing agricultural products, (crops like cereals/pulses, fruits and vegetables, cotton, etc); hunting, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying are the components of primary production. Growing or gathering agricultural primary products, etc; animal husbandry/ poultry, hunting, fishing and cutting or collecting of fire woods, charcoal or for other purpose from own holdings. Collecting thatching and weaving materials and charcoal making ? mining salt cutting peat, digging of soil for house or household utensils, digging or collecting sand and stone, etc

2. Processing of Primary Commodities for own Consumption
It covers activities such as milling grain, making butter, cheese and other dairy products, sinning and tanning, making baskets and hats and constructing wooden furniture and fixture.

Note : It should be emphasized that these various activities are considered as economic activity only if they involve the processing of primary products. Thus, pounding "teff" (a primary product) to make "injera" is included; thus-using flour (a processed product) to make "injera" is excluded. It should further be noted that only the processing of primary commodities by the producers of these items, which means that the processing for own consumption of primary commodities by those who do not produce them is excluded. Thus, for example making flour of "teff" from the market is not included but making flour of "teff" produced by oneself is considered.

Processing those above mentioned products to finished or semi-finished products for own consumption. Example: Spinning, making butter or cheese, grinding corns or cereals. Producing furniture, like, tables, chairs, containers, etc? However, processing those finished or semi-finished items to other forms for own consumption can not be considered as a productive activity.
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3. Processing of primary commodities (goods and services) for sale also are productive activity

Example, making local drinks (like "Tella") for sale and partially used for own consumption. It can also be considered if the drink is partially used for home.

4. Production of fixed assets for own use (those fixed assets should give at least one year service)

Example, Construction of dwellings, construction of farm buildings, clearing land for cultivation production of agricultural tools, etc.

Non-Productive / economic activities
While the SNA definition of the production of goods and services covers a wide range of activities many other activities still remain outside its scope.

a) Unpaid activities such as domestic tasks are taken as non-productive/ economic activities do not count as economic activity. For example, water fetching for domestic use, collecting firewood/ dung from field or forest (not from own holding) and spinning of cotton for own consumption of primary commodities who do not produce them.

b) Unpaid domestic activities do not count as economic activity. Examples are preparing food for household consumption, nursing of children and current repair and maintenance of dwelling and farm buildings and unpaid community and volunteer services, and voluntary service in international or national centers or local organizations, and prostitution etc...

c) Even though one receive money, but do not earn it: Who are pensions only, who are earning money by renting a house only, i.e. by not involving in any activity, Those who are earning money by begging ,and gamblers, are not considered as economic activity.

d) Others, like engaged in apprentice-to get experience working in offices, garage and in various sectors with out participation of in relation to training /education also considered non- economic activity.

(b) How many days money work? Give number or 0 if none or if actively looking for work, write (UNEMP).
______

Question D14 - Type of activity last week

142. Question 14[a]
Ask,
Did this person do any work for money last week?

143. Question 14[b]
Ask,
'How many days did this person work for money last week?'

For persons like wage/salary earners in regular work this is easy to work out as their working hours are fixed. For those with jobs but were sick or were away from work for some other reason you should put the normal working days.

People earning money from other than wage/salary job often work more irregular times. Make a rough estimate of hours or half days worked each day of last week. Add up these hours and divide by 7 [average number of hours people work in a day] to obtain the number of days worked last week.

If the person worked on more than one money earning activity last week, record the one the person spent the most time on.

Number of days worked should be reported against Q14[b].

8. Type of activity

Questions 8, 9, 10 and 11 are restricted to persons aged 10 years and over.

8a. Did you do any work for pay or profit during the seven days before census night?

Two boxes have been provided for this question and you should mark a cross in the appropriate box according to the answer you receive. If a person tells you that he did some work (as defined below) for at least one day or for unpaid family workers· three days during the seven days preceding census night, you should mark a cross in the box marked yes. Otherwise you should mark a cross in in the other box marked no.

Note that whenever the yes box is marked, column 8b should be left blank. This means that as soon as you mark the yes box you must proceed to ask question 8c.

Those who worked-For the purpose of this Census the following categories of persons should be regarded as working and the yes box marked.

Note that paid family workers should be classified as having worked in the usual way. You should also remember to exclude as family workers all persons aged 10 years and over who helped family members in their economic activities but were full-time students in educational institutions. These persons should be treated as students.

8b. If no, how were you mainly occupied?

This question is restricted to persons who did not do any work for pay or profit during the seven days before census night, i.e. those for whom the "no" box was marked. For these persons, four boxes and a dotted line have been provided and you are expected to mark a cross in one of the boxes or write down what the person did on the dotted line.

(a) Had job but did not work- Mark a cross in this box for any person who during the reference period did not do any work for pay or profit although he had a job to which he could return. Persons who come under this category may or may not be paid during their absence from their jobs and include the following who were temporarily absent from their jobs for any of the following reasons:

(b) "Unemployed"- Mark a cross in this box for any person who did not work and had no fixed job during the seven days preceding census night but was actively looking for work· (e.g. by visiting employment agencies, writing applications, seeing relatives for help in securing jobs, etc.). This category also includes any person who was not looking for work because he believed that no work was available for him.

Note that a person should not be classified as unemployed simply because he or she was without work during the seven days preceding census night. The person should, during the period, have been actively looking for work or should have given up looking for work because he had despaired of getting any work. Otherwise he or she should be classified as voluntarily unemployed (see below).

(c) A Homemaker- Mark a cross in this box for a person of either sex who was wholly engaged in household duties and was not paid for this work. If such a person traded one full working day in the

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seven days preceding census night or worked regularly some hours daily or engaged in some other economic enterprise (e.g. worked on a farm or in a beer bar) or did any part-time work (e.g. typing, dressmaking) for which the person was paid or did any work on the family farm or business for three days or more without pay, the person should not be classified as homemaker but should be grouped with the working population. You should not assume that a married person who did not do any work during the reference period is necessarily a homemaker.

(d) Student- Mark a cross in .this box for a person aged 10 years or over who is pursuing full-time education in an educational institution and for whom the "now" box has been marked in question
1a.

(e) "Other specify''- An answer which does not fall into any of the above categories, i.e., homemaker, unemployed, student, should be written down on the dotted line marked "other, specify". The main types of persons who come under this group are:

Note that the permanent and paid staff of educational institutions, hospitals, prisons and similar institutions should be regarded as working while the inmates even if they receive a small allowance should be regarded as not working and entered on the dotted line marked "other, specify".

Remember that the remaining questions, 9, 10 and 11 are for only those who during the reference period worked for pay or profit, "had jobs but did not work" and the "unemployed". ·

8c. For how many days did you work for pay or profit?

Note that what is required here is the actual number' of days the respondent worked or for which he was paid. You should mark the zero box for all those for whom the "no" box was marked in 8a.

[P13c-d were asked of persons who worked for pay or profit or family gain.]

P13c How many days did (name) work for pay or profit or family gain? _ _

P13c How many days did (name) work for pay or profit or family gain?

Number of days worked would help to ensure an accurate measurement of the full contribution of persons who were in the work force or who worked briefly during the time period. It should include activities which, while not leading directly to produced goods or services, are still defined as part of the tasks and duties of the job, such as time spent preparing, repairing or maintaining the workplace instruments. In practice it will also include inactive time spent in the course of performing these activities, such as time spent waiting or standing by, and other short breaks. Exclude longer meal breaks, sickness and conflicts.

31. Number of days worked during the previous week

Q.1 Number of hours worked in the previous week

Block VIII: Labor force (Persons age 10 or older)

Question 1: Total number of hours spent working at all jobs during the past week.
- The intention here is to obtain the number of hours per day spent on all work by the respondent during the past week.

[The rest of the instructions for Question 1 are missing.]

24. The main activity done during previous week

25. Besides [answers] 2, 3, and 4 [in question 24], also worked at least 1 hour during the previous week

28. Number of daily hours worked in the previous week

Question 25: Did you work at least one hour during the past week?
Circle code 1 if the answer is "Yes" then continue to Question 28. Circle code 2 if the answer is "No" then continue to Question 26.

Question 28: Total working hours from all work, for each day during the past week
Total working hours is the length of time (in hours) spent working, including work conducted during the past week. The estimation starts from a day ago (7th day) 2 days ago (6th day), etc., up to 7 days ago (1st day), then sum up all the working hours.

Method of interviewing
For those who have an irregular job, it is best to ask every day starting from how many hours the day before, two days ago and so on until 7 days ago, then total all the working hours.

[Questions 604-608 were asked of persons age 10 or older who are employed, worked at least one hour or held a job but were temporarily absent during the previous week, as per questions 601, 602 and 603.]

604. Number of hours worked every day in the previous week

Question 604: Total of working days and working hours from the entire work day during the past week
Total working hours is the length of time (in hours) used for working starting from work being conducted during the past week. The estimation starts from a day ago (7th day) up to seven days ago (1st day), then totaling all the working hours. If the respondent is temporarily not working fill in with a dash.

For those who have regular jobs and fixed working times, ask the following questions:

Attention: This group of questions only will be completed with the people of the household in which the Question 66 is different than "0" (that is to say he/she has at least one job).

L.2 Principal occupation

All the questions of this section are referring to the principal occupation of the person interviewed, that is to say it must correspond with the answers given to the questions of the section 4.2; because of this pay attention to the agreement of the answers (for example: Branch of activity of the principal occupation and unionization of the person).

MT22. How many days per week do you work?

This expects to find out the number of days that the person works per week. Remember that this question is being referred, as in all the questions of this section, to the principal activity, for which if a person works Monday to Friday in public administration (the activity declared as principal) and on Saturday works for a self business, this will correspond to five days.