Description

EDUCMN indicates the person's educational attainment in Mongolia in terms of the level of schooling completed.

Comparability — General

The general structure of the educational attainment questions is comparable across samples, but experienced changes over time, which are outlined by census documentation.

Literate: in the 1989 sample, it refers to persons who can read and write in any language, as well as children in second and third grades.

Primary: persons who completed the 4th grade in the old system (until 1975), completed the 3rd grade from 1975 to 1996, completed the 4th grade from 1997 to 2004, or the 5th grade from 2005 to present.

Lower secondary: persons who completed the 7th grade in the old system (until 1975), the 8th grade between 1976 and 2004 (i.e., grades 4-8), or the 9th grade thereafter.

Upper secondary: persons who completed the 10th grade (upper secondary, grades 9-10) until 2005, the 11th grade between 2006 and 2014, or the 12th grade thereafter.

In 1989, persons who graduated from technical or vocational schools or music and dance schools are considered to have vocational schooling. No distinction between pre- and post-secondary technical education was made. In 2000, those who graduated from technical schools and had a diploma from primary technical education are considered to have post-primary technical education. In addition, those who graduated with a diploma from professional secondary or equivalent schools, colleges, and other occupational schools are considered to have a diploma education (secondary or post-secondary technical education). In 2010 and 2020, post-primary technical education includes those who graduated from technical and vocational education centers and obtained a certificate, while secondary or post-secondary technical includes those who graduated from a specialized secondary.

In 1989, people who graduated from a university, institute, or the Pedagogical Institute before 1959 were considered to have "completed" higher education. People were considered to have an "incomplete" higher education if they: were studying at Universities or Institutes; graduated from the Pedagogical Institute after 1959; graduated from the Marxism - Leninism Evening Institute or Institute of Eastern Studies; or completed two year courses at the Party's Institute. In 2000, 2010, and 2020, all persons who graduated from a university or institute were considered as having higher education, regardless of the program of studies. The 2010 and 2020 samples distinguish persons holding a bachelor's degree from those with master's or doctoral education. In 2020, "diploma" refers to persons who graduated from the State Pedagogical University, the former Party Institute, the former Marxism-Leninism Institute, and the former Eastern Worker's University, so it is classified along those with some higher education.

Universe

Availability

• Mongolia: 1989, 2000, 2010, 2020