Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
bangl
1991
|
bangl
2001
|
indon
1976
|
indon
1985
|
indon
1995
|
sosud
2008
|
sudan
2008
|
uganda
1991
|
uganda
2002
|
uganda
2014
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 00 | NIU (not in universe) | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · |
| 10 | Agricultural activities | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · |
| 11 | Subsistence animal husbandry | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 12 | Subsistence farming | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 13 | Commercial farming | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | X |
| 14 | Fishing | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 20 | Employment income | X | X | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 30 | Business enterprise | X | X | · | · | · | X | X | · | X | X |
| 31 | Formal trading | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · |
| 32 | Petty trading | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · |
| 40 | Cottage industry | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | X |
| 50 | Property income | · | X | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 60 | Family support/remittances | · | X | · | · | · | X | X | X | X | X |
| 70 | Humanitarian aid | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | X | X |
| 80 | Other | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | X | X |
| 81 | Rent or remittances | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 82 | Religious work | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 83 | Pension | · | · | · | · | · | X | X | · | · | · |
| 84 | Sale of assets | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X |
| 99 | Unknown | X | · | X | · | · | · | · | X | · | · |
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- No supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
Description
LIVEHOOD describes the main source of livelihood of the household. If there were multiple sources, one had to be chosen as the most important.
Comparability — Index
|
GENERAL Bangladesh |
Indonesia |
Uganda |
Comparability — General
The variable is conceptually comparable across samples. There are differences in category availability, especially for Indonesia, which only identifies agricultural and non-agricultural sources of livelihood.
Comparability — Bangladesh [top]
The source variables for both samples include more detail on the types of "employment income", based largely on the type of enterprise (i.e., industry). Rent and remittances are combined in 1991; comparison to 2001 statistics suggests remittances are predominant.
Comparability — Indonesia [top]
The census question in all years asks only whether agriculture was the primary means of livelihood. Households indicating non-agricultural activities were classified into "other", as no further specifics were provided.
Comparability — Uganda [top]
Apart from minor variations in categories, the three samples are largely comparable. An unharmonized source variable in the 1991 sample specifies the specific type of activity for the cottage industry.
Universe
- Bangladesh 1991: All households
- Bangladesh 2001: Permanent households
- Indonesia 1976: All households
- Indonesia 1985: All households
- Indonesia 1995: All households
- South Sudan 2008: All households
- Sudan 2008: All households
- Uganda 1991: Private households
- Uganda 2002: Private households
- Uganda 2014: All households
Availability
- Bangladesh: 1991, 2001
- Indonesia: 1976, 1985, 1995
- South Sudan: 2008
- Sudan: 2008
- Uganda: 1991, 2002, 2014
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