Codes and Frequencies
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Explore how IPUMS created this variable
Most IPUMS data transformations are performed using variable harmonization tables that specify how each value in the source data is recoded. Some variables also require programming logic in addition to the harmonization table. The harmonization documents for this variable are:
- Harmonization table
- Supplemental programming
- Instructions for interpreting harmonization documents
class Educpe : public Editor {
public:
Educpe(VarPointer varInfo) : Editor(varInfo) {}
void edit() {
long a = getRecoded();
switch (dataSet) {
case dataset_id::pe1993a: {
if (PE1993A_0427() == 999 && PE1993A_0443() >= 5)
a = 100;
} break;
}
setData(a);
}
};
Description
EDUCPE indicates the person's educational attainment in Peru in terms of the level of schooling completed.
Comparability — General
The variable is largely comparable across samples, but due to changes in the structure of the education system it includes additional categories for basic education in 1993. Between 1972 and 1982 Peru had a system with 9 grades, but before and after that period it consisted of 11 grades:
- Between 1972 and 1982, basic education was organized into regular basic (daytime, preferably for children and teenagers) and trade school (nighttime, preferably for persons older than 15 years old). Both systems had the same number of grades, but regular basic had a 4-2-3 structure while trade school had a 2-3-4 structure.
- After 1982, basic education has a 6-5 structure, with 6 years of primary and 5 years of secondary. The structure is similar in the period previous to 1972.
Technical/vocational education is also offered at the basic education level, but besides "trade school" no other distinctions are made in the censuses.
Tertiary education could be either university or non-university based. University education comprises universities and equivalent institutions (such as officer training schools for the police and the armed forces, seminary schools, and others). Non-university education includes teacher training schools, professional higher education schools, non-commissioned officer training for the police and armed forces, business administration superior schools, and superior technology institutes.
The 2017 sample additionally indicates master's or doctorate degrees as tertiary education and basic special school education.
The age universe is slightly different across samples: it includes persons age 5 and older in 1993 and persons age 3 and older in 2007 and 2017.
Universe
- Peru 1993: Persons age 5+
- Peru 2007: Persons age 3+
- Peru 2017: Persons age 3+
Availability
- Peru: 1993, 2007, 2017
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