[Senegal 1988 Enumerator Instruction Manual]

Forward

Senegal is undertaking its second demographic census in its history. The importance of such an operation does not need to be exaggerated. All measures have been taken in order to ensure its success. The main operation of the census is data collection in the field. Regardless of the quality of the cartographic work, the seriousness of the preparation of the questionnaires and instructions, and the efficacy of the material organization, the census would be a failure if the information gathered from the population were erroneous. For this reason, we draw your attention on the immense responsibility that you currently bear. We are sure that you will carry the work through successfully, for the sake of your country.

You shall therefore do your best so that this census accomplishes all the goals it aims to reach.
This manual was especially prepared for guiding you in your task. You must always keep it with you during the period of the work that you shall conduct. Study it carefully, and strictly comply with the instructions that are included.

Do not spare any effort so that the Second General Population and Housing Census is a complete success.

Chapter I: General Considerations

I.1: Definition of the General Population and Housing Census

The General Population and Housing Census is an operation aiming, on one hand, at enumerating all persons on the national territory at a given point in time, without omission and without double count, and on the other hand, to gather information on certain characteristics of households.

It is not limited only to the complete count of the persons, but also includes the gathering of information on social, economic and cultural characteristics of the population, with the help of a questionnaire.

I.2: Legality and confidentiality of the census

The General Population and Housing Census is prescribed by decree No 85-229 on February 27, 1985. The conduction of the census is entrusted to the Statistics Directorate of the Ministry of Economics and Finances where the National Census Bureau is located. The National Census Bureau is the institution in charge of conceiving. Conducting, and publishing the census.

The National Steering Committee was created by decree No 2440, on February 28, 1985. It is a consulting committee, in charge of helping the Statistics Directorate in organizing the census. The National Steering Committee is composed of representatives of relevant Departments of various Ministries, and has correspondents at the regional level.

The census is covered by Law No 66-59, of June 30, 1966 on the obligation, coordination, and confidentiality for statistics purposes. According to this law, information gathered during the Census is strictly confidential, and can be used only for statistics purposes. In no way they can be used for tax, police, or other purposes.

Article 3 of this law specifies that any person interviewed by a census enumerator must answer and provide accurate information; offenders will be prosecuted.

Any person who would disclose individual information could be prosecuted under this same law on confidentiality, and could receive a fine or face prosecution.

I.3: Census objectives

The General Population and Housing Census will provide information that will be very useful for the management of the country (public and private administration), for planning economic and social development, as well as for research purposes. This quantitative information deals with, among others:

Here are some examples of the numerous uses of census results:

1) Education

The administrators of the Senegalese education system make previsions about the needs for school buildings, for school supplies and for teaching personnel while basing their numbers on the number of school age children.

2) Social Services
The building of dispensaries, maternities, housing units, roads, and other communication means, deep wells, shallow wells, etc. necessitate precise data on population, at the smallest level of administrative units.

3) Economics

Population data are used by public administration and by entrepreneurs to establish the volume of the production, and to elaborate their policy for employment and for the labor force, inasmuch as population elements are at the same time consumers and producers.

Planners also need these data in order to make more accurate previsions, based on population estimates.

4) Research

The census results constitute the basis for sampling purposes, for all statistical, demographic, economic and sociological surveys, that is, they constitute a complete and updated data base from which samples can be drawn on to conduct research.

I.4: Census organization

The second General Population and Housing Census is under the authority of the Ministry of Economics and Finance.

I.5: Census Methods

The census is conducted by a direct interview method. The census enumerator (AR) must record on a form, called the questionnaire, all the information provided by the individuals who compose a household. Beforehand, he or she will have prepared the list of all the compounds existing in his or her census track (DR). Each census enumerator (AR) has to enumerate a census track. He or she must proceed household by household, within each compound, while taking into account the destructions and new constructions, since changes might have occurred between the cartographic phase and the enumeration procedure. The data collection phase to the households shall not last longer than 15 days.

Chapter II: Definitions and Concepts

The words used for the census, as well as some demographic concepts, are defined below. You must know these definitions and concepts very well.

II.1: Definition of technical terms
Cartography:

Compound

Special cases:

Census Track

Quarter / Neighborhood

Hamlet

Village:

Commune:

II.2: Demographic Concepts

Household

Family unit

Note: A person may not belong to several family units.

Residence

Resident present (RP)



Resident absent (RA)


Visitor (VI)

Population counted separately/Institutions

The population counted separately, called "comptee a part" are the people who live in institutions, which have an administrative or legal status which does not allow to enter them without a permit from the competent authorities.

Floating population

Note: for the two categories of population (institutions and homeless) the enumeration will be conducted with specific methods.

Chapter III: The work of the Census Enumerator

III.1Working documents for the census enumerator

There are 13 documents which will be used by the census enumerator during the enumeration procedure:

1) The census enumerator identity card
This is a professional card, with the name and qualification of the census agent, which will allow him or her to gather the required information from the households. The census enumerator must have this card always with him or her, and to present it every time this will be necessary. In order to be valid, this card must have the agent's photography.

2 ) The map of the census track
The map of the census track is a geographical map, which specifies the location of the villages and hamlets composing the census track, for areas with less than 500 inhabitants; it also includes a detailed sketch for villages of more than 500 inhabitants, or a plan when the census enumerator works in a commune (see Annex I). In case of changes in the content of your census track (destruction or construction of dwelling units), you must inform your controller. He or she will tell you how to proceed. In cases where you could not contact him or her, you must record these changes in your household visits booklet (creation or suppression).

3) The list of compounds
This list is prepared for the villages, in rural areas, and for the irregular settlements in urban areas. It provides the first name and last name of all the heads of compound living in the census track.

It may be that changes have occurred between the preparation and the date of the enumeration. You shall take these changes into account, and update the list at time of your visit.

In addition, the "head of quarter" (1) could be confused with the "head of compound", and you should correct for these mistakes. You will have to draw this list of compound if it does not exist for your census track.

(1) The "quarter" is a fiscal unit.

4) The household questionnaire

The household questionnaire is the form on which you will record the information gathered from the households. It is made of a large sheet, folded in two, which is divided into four pages, and three parts:

The front page includes, roughly speaking, the characteristics for the geographical identification of the census track and of the household, as well as a summary table for the household size.

A second part (page 2 and 3), includes questions on the demographic, economic, and social characteristics related to each individual in the household.

A third part (page 4), includes two questions for individuals (branch of economic activity, births since last Korité for all women aged 12-54 years), a table for deaths in the past 12 months, and all the questions on housing.

5) The historical calendar

The historical calendar, as indicated by its name, is a document that provides the dates of historical events that occurred within an administrative unit (Arrondissement, Department, or Region). It helps you determine the age of the persons for whom the date of birth or the age is not known. The age of each person is very important in population studies, and it is strongly recommended to use this document every time it is necessary, that is, when it is otherwise impossible to assess the date of birth of a person.

6) The household visits booklet

The household visits booklet is a document of several pages, in which, in addition to the geographical data, you will register the list of all the heads of compound, and all the heads of household in your census track, with on the next page, the household size obtained after counting the persons enumerated on the household questionnaire. This document will facilitate the rapid publication of the preliminary results, after the end of the enumeration, for all the main administrative divisions in the country. You must therefore take the great care in filling out this booklet.

7) The instructions manual

This manual contains all the rules that you must comply with in order to do your work properly. It contains, among other things, the instructions for filling the questionnaire and for conducting your task.

You must comply strictly with your instructions in the present manual and must apply them rigorously and systematically.

8) The community form for information on villages

This form gives information on the villages that are part of your census track, and on the hamlets that are attached to them.

9) The transhumance form (when applicable)
10) The realization form
11) The correspondence sheet between ages and year of birth
13) The legends for maps

[III.2 section was removed about attitudes and behavior of the census enumerator]

[III.3 and III.4 sections were removed about how to move within the census track]

[III.5 section was also removed about how to approach the household]

III.6: General principles for filling the household questionnaire

Special care was taken for the preparation of the questionnaire. The questions are in a certain logical and coherent order, in order to facilitate your task. This is how you shall fill in the questionnaire:

Some questions apply only to individuals of a given age group or given characteristics.

In addition, the questionnaire includes many questions with pre-coded answers. This is the case for questions where a code was given beforehand. Each of these questions has a special number (code). For these questions, simply circle the correct answer, and the code corresponding to the answer given by the interviewed person.

Write legibly, and avoid the use of abbreviations and initial letters, except for the first names when there are several (write the first name or usual name in full).

Each individual is enumerated on a row of the questionnaire, in a sequential order that will be seen below. For the few questions that you will have to write a full answer in words, avoid deletion, crossing-out, alteration, abbreviation, and the word idem or id to avoid repeating the same answers for all household members.

If you encounter special cases that are not anticipated in your instructions manual, or if you have doubts about the interpretation of any part in your manual, refer to your controller, who is your direct hierarchical boss. He or she will give you directions.
Do not ask the interviewed person if the answer is obvious. For instance gender (male of female), disability, etc., unless you have serious doubts.

You must also follow the instructions to "go to question ___" if the question is not applicable for certain categories; in this case write an oblique hyphen in the corresponding boxes.

Example: A person interviewed says that he or she is an Ivorian national at question P8: write "Cote d'Ivoire" in case P9, then write oblique hyphens in each of boxes for P9 and P10, and ask question P11.

III-7. Sequential order for recording individuals on the household form

Following the family unit of the household head, you will record all the other family units, in the following order:

In a case where an accompanied (1) daughter lives with her husband in the household, even if she is older, she will be recorded with her husband, who will be considered as the head of the family unit, after the family units of the other accompanied children.

Similarly, if several accompanied daughters live in the household with their husbands, the sequential order to record them will be decreasing. One will record firstly the family unit of the oldest daughter, then the next oldest, and so forth, after recording the family units of the other descendants, under the condition that they do not belong to other separate households. And when applicable, include the ascendants if they form a family unit.

The other relatives (in laws, brothers, sisters, nephews, cousins, nieces, etc.): family units of accompanied (married) brothers and sisters first, then accompanied (married) cousins, then accompanied (married) nephews or nieces, accompanied (married) uncles or aunts, and last the family units of the remote relatives or of friends, if they do not constitute an distinct household.

Lastly, attach the fostered children (placed children), and the servants to the family units on which they are depending. Record the visitors at the end of the list.

Chapter IV: Detailed Instructions for Filling out the Household Form

IV.1- Filling the first page

1) Numbering the questionnaires

The household form is expected to fit the number of persons in the household. If one form is not enough, use as many supplementary forms as necessary to enumerate them all. Copy again the information on the geographical data (top part of the first page) on all the supplementary questionnaires).

Before filling a questionnaire, record its sequential number on the top right hand of the questionnaire, on the box located on the row "Questionnaire Number."

Once you've finished enumerating the whole household, record the number of forms filled for this household (that is, the highest value of questionnaire numbers) in the box located on the row "Number of forms filled" [Nombre de questionnaires remplis], and this for all the forms filled for the household.

[Omitted example on filling out number of forms filled]

2) Filling the data on geographical identification

Record the names and codes of the region, the department, the arrondissement, and the rural community or the urban district where the census track is located.

Record the compound number that you listed in your household visits booklet; you have already numbered all the compounds in a sequential order, from 1 to N1, within your census track.

Record the household number that you have mentioned in your household visits booklet. Household numbers are given sequentially, 1 to N2, within each compound.

Fill in the address box only in urban areas. This is the address where the household is located.

Signature and date of interview

3) Summary table (recap)

At the bottom of the first page, you will find a summary table for the household population, broken down by gender and residence status (categories RP, RA, and VI for visitors), as well as the totals.

Fill in this table after completion of the enumeration of the household. Then, record the numbers on the first questionnaire filled, while counting all the household members by gender and residence status, for all the questionnaires filled in this household.

IV.2- Filling the second and third pages

Personal Questions

P0. Sequential number

P1. First name and Last name

P2. Relationship to head of household

P3) Sex

Circle:
1. "MASC" for males
2. "FEM" for females

Do not rely on the first name. Always ask whether the person is a male or a female. Some first names may indicate as well a man or a woman.

P4) Date of birth

Note: For under-five children, do accept the birth certificates and possibly the health cards. For those whose age is known, but not the date of birth, use the correspondence table that was given to you to estimate the year of birth.

P5) Place of birth

P6) Residence status

P7) Residence five years ago

P8) Ethnicity or nationality

P9) First language spoken

P10) Second language spoken

P11) Religion

For Muslims, circle the brotherhood declared, among the following:

Christians:

P12) Mother's survival

Note: make sure that this is the real (biological) mother of the interviewed person.

P13) Father's survival

Note: Here too, make sure that this is the real (biological) father of the interviewed person, and not the uncle or a mentor who has raised the person.

P14) Disability / Handicap

Ask the following question: "Are you disabled? Do you have a handicap?"

If the answer is "No", circle: 1. None
If the answer is "Yes"; ask "What type of disability or handicap".

P15) Marital status
The question applies to persons aged 6 years and above, therefore born before 1982. The marital status to be recorded is that of the person at the time of the interview.

Notes:
The marriage is an act contracted at the city hall, or according to local Senegalese customs. A single person is one who has never contracted a marriage. A married person is a person who has a spouse at time of interview. If a man has two wives at time of the interview, he is a polygamous husband with two wives. If a woman has co-wives, and if her rank in the unions is 2, she is a polygamous second wife: then circle 2. POLYGAMOUS 2.

P16) Level of education
The question applies to all persons aged 6 years and above, that is those born before 1982.
Ask the following question: "Have you ever been - or do you currently go - to a school where the teaching is in French?"

If the answer is yes, then ask:
"What is the last grade completed, or the grade you are currently enrolled in?" Then circle the code corresponding to the answer given.

Example:

If the person had been to a technical or vocational school, circle the number of years of studies in that school.


If the answer is "no", ask the following question: "Have you been to a school where the teaching is done in another language?"

P17) Literacy (ability to read and write)

If the person does not read and does not write any language, not even a national language,

Note: If a person reads and writes in two or more languages, circle the language that he or she estimates to read and write the best.

P18) Work status in the past 12 months

The question applies to persons aged 6 years and more, therefore born before 1982. The economic activity is the one that the person has done most of the time during the past 12 months, that is since the (Korite) [a Muslim festival].

Ask the following question: "Since the Korite, have you worked for pay in a continuous way for at least 3 months?"

If the answer is "Yes", circle: "1 WORKED"

Warning: In addition to domestic tasks, a woman may have worked outside her home; for instance farming a land, or trading. For such a woman, circle: "1 WORKED"

Circle "2 JOBLESS" if the person is looking for work and has not worked continuously during at least 3 months since the (Korite). You shall make sure that the person is effectively looking for work, either for a first job, or a new job if he or she has lost the job he or she had previously.

Circle "3 ELE/EDU" for the pupils and students.

For the civil servant trainees who have worked at least 3 months since the Korite, circle: "1 WORKED".

Circle 4 HOUSEWIFE for the women who have no other task than the domestic work.

Circle 5 RETIRED for retired persons who do not work any longer, and those who have not worked in any occupation for at least 3 months since the Korite.

Circle 6 OTHERS for the other cases: disabled or handicapped persons who do not work, beggars, people with private means, man or woman of leisure, etc.

19) Occupation / Economic activity in the past 12 months

This is the occupation practiced during the past 12 months preceding your visit in the household (since the Korite). This question applies exclusively to persons for whom you circled "1 WORKED" (occupe) or "2 JOBLESS" (chômeur) in column P10.

For people who have worked, ask the following question:
"Which occupation did you practice since the Korite?".

For the jobless persons, who have lost their job, ask the following question:
"What is the last occupation that you practiced?" Record the occupation declared. For jobless persons who are looking for their first job, record the occupation for those who have one [sic], or NONE (aucune) for those who have none. If a person practiced several occupations since the Korite, record the occupation that he or she most practiced.

Note: Give as much detail as possible.

Examples: retailer, wholesale trader, petty trader (bana-bana), bus or truck apprentice (motor boy), driver help / beater (coxeur), postmaster, bus or collective taxi collector, etc.

P20) Employment status. Ask the following question: "What is your role within the occupation that you declared at last question?"

Circle: 1.EMPLOYER for an employer. An employer is a person who employs salaried people, and pays them either entirely in cash, or partly in cash and partly in kind.

Circle: 2.SALARIED for persons who receive a salary, that is an amount in cash (money), whether regularly or not.

Circle 3.INDEPENDENT for persons who are self employed (who work by themselves), possibly with family aids or apprentices.

Circle 4.AID for family aids who work for a relative, without receiving a payment of any sort.

Circle 5.APPRENTICE for apprentices, that is, persons who are learning a craft or an occupation. He or she may receive regularly a payment in cash or in kind, or not receive any payment while receiving occasionally little gifts, or even be paying his or her employer in order to learn the skills.

Circle "6.OTHER" for the other cases, not mentioned above, and for the jobless persons who have never worked. For jobless persons who have worked, write the employment status that they had when they had a job.

IV.3) Filling in the Fourth Page

The fourth page contains two questions for individuals, one table for the deaths last year, and a series of questions on housing, grouped in a table. The two questions for individuals are the continuation of the questions located on page 2 and 3.

Fill again the column "SEQUENTIAL NUMBER", by copying the sequential number of the persons that you are enumerating, and which you have in the same column "SEQUENTIAL NUMBER" of page 2. [the French text says: of the first page, meaning the first page of 2 and 3].

P21) Branch of economic activity

Ask this question only for persons currently employed. It applies therefore to persons aged 6 years and above, for whom you have already circled "1 EMPLOYED" in column P18.
Ask the following question: "What type of activity does the company or the institution in which you are working (or have worked)?"

Write legibly the answer given in the appropriate box, in the free space located above the shaded area.

When the person does not know the branch of economic activity of his or her employer, write in full words the name of the company or of the institution.

P22) Births since the (Korite)
This question applies only to women aged 12 to 54 years, that is, those who were born before 1977 and after 1933.

Record the number of live births of each gender that the woman has had during the period from the Korite to the date of your visit in the household. A child is said to be born alive when he or she has shown any sign of life at birth (cry of the child, breathing, heart beating, etc.).

Do not forget the births that were followed by a death, that the women tend to omit, for voluntary or involuntary reasons, because or taboos or prohibitions inherent in various superstitions.

Housing Questions

Questions on housing are labeled with the letter "H" followed by a number, whereas these on the population are labeled with the letter "P" followed by a number. These questions deal with housing characteristics, household amenities, and with the means of production for rural households.

H) Number of inhabited rooms
You must record the number of rooms of dwelling usage occupied by the households: bedrooms, living rooms and eating rooms.

H2) Toilet facility

You have to circle the item corresponding to the answer given, that is, the type of toilet facility most commonly used by the household members. This rule can be explained by the fact that different household members may utilize different types of toilet facility.

H3) Source of water

H4) Type of lighting

If there are several types of lighting, circle the most frequently utilized.

H5) Type of floor
Circle the item corresponding to the prevailing type of material used for the floor of the dwelling units inhabited by the household.

H6) Type of walls
Circle the item corresponding to the prevailing type of material used for the walls of the dwelling units inhabited by the household.

H7) Type of roof
Circle the item corresponding to the prevailing type of material used for the roofs of the dwelling units inhabited by the household.

Note: For item # 2, circle one of the three materials cited. For instance, if the prevailing material is "zinc" (iron sheets), fill in the question the following way:

[An image of how to fill in the questions was removed]

H8) Ownership status
Circle, depending on the case:

Note: For an apartment under leasing, circle 1. Landlord

.

H9) Household amenities (existence of radio, television, etc.)
For each piece of amenity or equipment quoted, write the number of items existing in the household. Only count working equipments.

H10) Means of production
This question applies only to rural household.
[added by hand: and for some urban households]

Record for each case the number of items of means of production owned by the household. Count only the working means of production.

Deaths in the household within the past 12 months (since Korite)

Ask whether "Since the Korite, did any death occur in the household?"

If there were more than 5 deaths in the household, use another household form to record the other deaths.