General Ministry of Statistics and Census

The objective of this manual is to facilitate your work as an enumerator.

The success of every task is achieved, fundamentally, where there is unity in criteria and procedures.

The definitions provided here will help that all of us "speak the same language", and the instructions and recommendation will help that the operative unit is maintained.

Since the period of training classes is reduced, it will not permit us to cover all of the manual in detail, for which you should study it well outside of classes, so that doubts that arise can be clarified in the classes.

To the degree that you study it, you will understand and follow the instructions; you will resolve the difficulties that can present themselves and you will achieve that the task be easier, more precise, and more efficient.

General notions

I- Antecedents
- According to the international recommendations and practices to which Paraguay has adhered, the Population and Dwelling Census should be carried out every ten years.

-Censuses of this nature have been taken only in 1950 and 1962.

- Every census implies a great civic behavior and makes the mobilization and responsible utilization of all of the available material and human resources.

- The General Ministry of Statistics and Census, official institution in charge of the organization and execution of the census in all of the republic, hopes to count on the enthusiastic and decided collaboration of all of the inhabitants in this new opportunity.

II- Goal of the Population and Dwelling Census

- Carrying out the National Population and Dwelling Census 1972 has as it goal to obtain updated information about the population and dwellings: number, most important characteristics, composition or structure and the distribution in the national territory.

- Through its results, we will be able to know and appreciate the current reality in the aspects that are demographic, economic and social, and formulate adequate programs for the best development of the country and its regions.

- It will also serve for international comparability and the planning of cooperation among American countries.

III- Fundamental notions

A) Legal Base- the National Government has established taking of the National Population and Dwelling Census in 1972.

B) Scope- The Census will cover all of the national territory and will be "de facto". A census is "de facto" when it enumerates the persons in the place where they are found at the "Census Moment", even when this is not their habitual residency. This criterion is considered to be the simplest and reduces the possibility of omission and duplication.

C) Census date and moment

- The enumeration should be referred to a determined date and moment.

The Census Date is July 9th, 1972

The date July 9th has "many moments". From among these, we take one as reference for collecting information. This moment is called the "Census Moment".

The Census Moment corresponds to twelve o'clock midnight of the 8th, or the 0 hour of the 9th.

It is natural that the enumerator is not going to collect the information in this moment, but during the course of the day July 9th and starting at 7 o'clock in the morning, or on the following days if it is in the rural area. But the information that is going to be registered on the form should refer to the 0 hours of July 9th.

D) Duration of the enumeration

The enumeration in the urban zone will last one day; in the rural zone a week, but the information should always be in reference to the "Census Moment".

E) Characteristics of the census information

1. Obligatory nature -All of the inhabitants of the Republic are obligated by law to provide the required information.

2. Confidentiality - The information obtained is "strictly confidential" or reserved; and in no case can it be divulged or used for purposes outside the research that is purely statistical.

- The information taken in individual form is used in global and depersonalized form, for various tabulations.

- It is strictly prohibited for the enumerators or other census officials to share any individual information that is found on the forms.

F) Basic concepts

1. Population and Dwelling Census

The Population and Dwelling Census is the set of operations that consist of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing demographic, economic, and social data about all of the inhabitants of a country or part of them, and the dwellings that they inhabit, in a determined moment.

2. Enumeration

The enumeration is the act by which the general information is collected.

3. Census units

All censuses are basically an operation of counting. To carry out a count, it is necessary that there be a "counting unit" or "research unit".

The research units of this census are:

a. "The person", as a population unit.
b. The census household.
c. The collectivity, as population nuclei.
d. The dwelling, as a habitation unit.
e. The building, as a support unit that serves in the enumeration to locate the dwellings.

a) The person - The census will cover all of the persons who inhabit the national territory in the "census moment".

b) Census household - The persons are researched in their individual characteristics and also as members of a "household".

For the purpose of the census, the "household" is defined in the following manner:

The census household is the set of persons who live under one family regiment or similar, and habitually share their food. This includes the relatives, domestic service employees, guests, and up to five boarders.

A "census household" can be constituted:
- By a person who lives alone;
- By the classic family, which includes the father, the mother, the children, grandparents, uncles/aunts, grandchildren and other relatives and guests, and service personnel (with their spouses and children who live there) and up to five boarders;
- By a group of persons who, not being related to each other, live under a family regiment, such as the case of students who rent a dwelling together.

c) The collectivity

There are cases in which many persons live together, but not under a family or similar regiment, such as those who live in boarding schools, asylums, barracks, jails, tourists in hotels, etc.

For the purpose of the census, these groups of persons are called "collectivities".

The collectivity is the set of persons who live together for reasons of work, healthcare, religious vocation, corrections, education, tourism, etc.

Example of collectivities:

Hotels, pensions, residential (*), hospitals, sanatoriums, boarding schools, convents, asylums, barracks, jails, etc.
(*) Also considered as "collectivities", are groups of 6 or more persons or boarders who live in a private house.

d) The dwelling - a "census household" can occupy a dwelling or they can share a dwelling with other households.

For the purposes of the census, "dwelling" is defined in this manner:

Dwelling is any shelter, separated and independent, built or used for housing persons.

The registers for a shelter (space, area, construction, etc.) that are considered as a dwelling are:

- That is it made or adapted or conditioned for housing persons: a family house, an apartment building, a garage converted into a dwelling, etc.; or that it is currently used to house persons, even if it is not properly designated for this purpose: a cave, or the space in a warehouse where the caretaker lives, etc.

- That it is structurally separated, which means, that it is surrounded by walls, dividers, etc. and that it is covered by some type of roof, in such a manner that it permits a person or group of persons to be protected from the weather and isolated themselves for eating, sleeping, etc.

- That it is independent, which means that it has direct access to the exterior in such a manner that its occupants can enter and leave without having to pass through a room that belongs to another household.

The dwellings occupied by "census households" are private dwellings and those occupied by collectives are collective dwellings.

Observation:

It is common to encounter a more than one collective, one or various census households in a collective dwelling. This is the case of the family of the manager of an institution that occupies part of the dwelling.

d) The building - This is only used as an auxiliary unit, for the purposes of enumeration, and serves to register the location of the dwellings.

- For the purposes of the census, "the building" is:

All constructions or structures of any material, that serves as dwelling or other uses.

A building can constitute a dwelling, or can contain various dwellings (as in the case of an apartment building); or an industrial or commercial site; or a combination (commercial space and dwellings); etc.

IV- Census organization

A. Geographic-administrative organization

The Population and Dwelling Census will cover all of the national territory.
In attention to the political-administrative division currently in place and with the goal of efficiently covering the different levels, we have established an organization that will permit us to control the activities so that they will be done in opportune manner and time.

1. The General Ministry of Statistics and Census: This is the official institution that has the organization and execution of the census in all of the territory of the Republic under its supervision.

It has the following organisms:

a. The Technical Commission of the Census, constituted by upper-level officials of the institution with census experience and technical advisors from international organisms. It has as its objective to study the technical norms to which the census tasks will subscribe, with the goal of maintaining the operative unit.

b. The Census Department, organism in charge of the planning, coordination and supervision of the census tasks in their different stages.

2. Regional Delegations: Directly dependant on the Census Department, their jurisdictions cover various Departments. These are under upper-level officials of the General Ministry of Statistics and Census with special knowledge. They have as their function to supervise and assist the Departmental and Municipal Census Leaders in the organization and execution of the Census at these levels. Each Delegate attends a Census Region.

The Census Regions into which the country is divided are:
I Region: Departments Concepción, San Pedro and Amambay.
II Region: Departments Guairá, Caaguazú, Caazapá and Alto Paraná
III Region: Departments Itapúa, Misiones and Ñeembucú.
IV Region: Departments Cordillera, Paraguari and Central.
V Region: Departments Pte. Hayes, Boquerón, and Olimpo.

[A graph describing the geographic-administrative organization of the census is omitted here.]

3. Departmental census commission: have the responsibility for the direction and coordination of the census in the departments.

The departments of San Pedro, Cordillera and Itapúa, are sub-divided into two zones; taking into account the number of municipalities of which they are comprised, their geographic configuration, their population and other factors of practical nature.
In each of the zones there will be a census leader, with all of the attributions and responsibilities of a departmental census leader.

4. Municipal census commissions: have the responsibility of the organization and execution of the census in the municipalities (previously called districts).
In some cases and because there are special conditions, certain Municipalities have been divided into two zones only for the best organization of the tasks.
The municipalities, for the purposes of the enumeration, will be divided in the urban zones as well as in the rural zone, in supervision sectors and enumeration areas (AE).

5. Supervision sectors (S.S.): each supervision sector will be made up of a determined number of "enumeration areas". In general, about 10 in the urban zone and 5 in the rural zone. Each sector is under the care of a Supervisor, who has the responsibility to supervise and control the enumeration of his/her Sector, under the direction of the Municipal Census Leader.

6. Enumeration areas (AE): the "enumeration area" (AE), constitutes the clearly established surface the enumerator should cover to collect the census information.
The delimitation of the enumeration areas was done in the rural area based on available maps and drawings of SENEPA, where the location of dwellings is shown and in the urban area based on pre-census organized by the DGEC (General Ministry of Statistics and Census, shown by initials in Spanish). For the census, the enumerators constitute "key person" because of their capacity, responsibility and efficiency, and the quality of the census and the utility of the information will depend fundamentally upon them.

B. Cooperating organisms
1. The National Commission of the Census: Organism for consultation and cooperation with the General Ministry of Statistics and Census. It is integrated by representative of the institutions of the public and private sector.

2. Departmental and municipal census commissions: The first, constituted in the department centers [capitals], and the second, constituted in the diverse municipalities. They collaborate with the Census Leaders at these levels and are created with the goal of civil cooperation and propaganda.

C. Organization of the enumeration
The enumeration will be done through direct method, which means, through the personal visit of the enumerator in the dwellings to interview the persons.

The enumeration in the urban zone and rural zone present different characteristics.

1. Urban zone: The areas of enumeration under the charge of the enumerator of the urban zone are generally constituted by blocks, fairly well delimited and therefore easily identifiable. The dwellings are also located in continuous form. Depending on the population density, an enumerator can be assigned one block, part of a block or various blocks; with an approximate quantity of 20 to 25 dwellings with 100 to 120 persons. If has been proven that this number is adequate so that the enumerator can finish his/her work in one day.

2. Rural zone: In the rural zone, since the dwellings are more separated or disperse and they do not have a determined order of distribution, it will take longer to visit them.
An enumerator is assigned approximately 70 dwellings, which he/she can visit in one week or less.

D. Training: The training will be developed in various stages. The first group to be trained is that of the Departmental Census Leaders. This group will be instructed first about their corresponding tasks in the preparatory stage of the Census and after, about the details of the enumeration.

The Municipal Census Leaders will be trained in the same manner and specially trained to later train the Sector Supervisors and enumerators of their respective Municipalities.
The training of the Sector Supervisors and enumerators will be done approximately three weeks before the Census date.

E. Work elements

1. The manuals: The basic norms for the Census in general and those that cover the tasks of the officials at each level are contained in a series of Manuals.

These are:
(1) General notions.
(2) Instructions for the head of the census department.
(3) Instructions for the municipal census leader.
(4) Instructions for the sector supervisor.
(5) Instructions for the enumerator.
(6) Census commissions.

2. The census form: The census form is the document in which the census information should be registered. This is the basic document for the census.

Each census form will collect information about a "census household". All of the information about the dwelling and the personal information of up to nine persons fit on the form.

The information that will be collected refers to the physical characteristics of the household (construction material, number of rooms, sanitary services, lighting, water, certain equipment, etc.) and certain characteristics of each person (sex, age, children, marital status, migration, education, economic activity, etc.).

On the form, almost all of the information is pre-coded, which means, it designed in such a manner that the enumerator should only mark an x in the corresponding box, avoiding the work of writing many words. This also facilitates the later processing.

3. Other form: For the control of the various phases of the work (distribution of materials, recruiting and training, preparation of maps, enumeration, reception of completed forms) we provide a series of specific forms whose use are explained in the Instruction Manuals.
The enumeration forms will also serve for the preliminary summary of the results: number of persons and dwellings.

4. Maps and illustrations: the General Ministry Statistics and Census has made a special effort in the preparation of cartographic material to facilitate the work of the census officials and to achieve the complete coverage of the national territory.

In this task, we have primarily used the information provided by the Military Geographic Institute (published maps, manuscripts, aerial photographs) and by SENEPA (illustrations and lists of localities); in addition, we have used the maps from the previous Census and maps of municipalities, urban plans and other information obtained from the local authorities.

For each municipality there will be a census map in which we will indicate:
- The principal roads and rivers;
- The location of all of the known localities;
- The boundaries of camps and colonies (approximated, according to the available information);
- The boundaries of the Supervision Sectors and the Enumeration Areas in the rural zone.

For the urban part of each municipality there will be a map that indicates the supervision sectors and the enumeration areas, by block.

Lastly, each enumerator will have an illustrated map that will identify the location and boundaries of his/her enumeration area for him/her with the greatest precision. In the rural zones, it will also indicate the location and numeration of the houses registered by SENEPA.

F. Practice Census: With the goal of achieving, in a practical manner, knowledge of the diverse difficulties that occur with a task as complicated as is a census; and with the goal of testing the Census Form, the training, and the procedures, a Practice Census was carried out in the city of Ypacarai on July 11, 1971, and another in some neighborhoods of Asunción on December 19 of the same year.

V- Post-census tasks

A. Revision and summary: after completing the enumeration, each enumerator will turn in the completed census forms, the control sheet, and the enumeration summary to his/her respective sector supervisor.

Said supervisor will interview the enumerators to verify that the work is complete and he/she will turn them in together with the sector summary to the municipal census leader.

The official, in turn, will do a revision and comparison of the list of localities and anticipated totals and when he has verified that it is complete, he/she will remit the material from all of the Sectors together with a Municipal Summary to the Departmental Census Leader.

The Departmental Census Leader should send it to the General Ministry of Statistics and Census.

The summaries will serve for the preparation of the preliminary results that will refer only to the number of dwellings and persons.

B. Evaluation: Every census inevitable has a certain level of sub-enumeration and errors.

For the rational use of the results, it is important to have some trustworthy indication of the level of error that occurred.

This is obtained through a poll evaluation, which is projected to be executed for the first time in Paraguay after this census.

For this purpose, a small sample will be selected in advance which will include nuclei so dwellings distributed in the different Municipalities of the country.

Special training will be given to a reduced group of enumerators who should visit the dwellings of these nuclei a second time, completing a form that will contain only the most important questions, which will be evaluated.

Since this deals with select personnel, with better training than what is possible for the great number of regular enumerators, and with more time available for each interview, the results of this re-enumeration when it is considered more reliable.

From the comparison of the forms from the poll with the original polls corresponding to the same households, we can deduce some indicators of the quality of the general Census, which will be published together with the results of the census to facilitate its interpretation.

C. Processing: The results of the census need to be known in the shortest time possible.

Some data, such as the number of persons and dwellings can be summed up directly and will be distributed shortly after finalizing the enumeration, such as preliminary number or of "provisional" nature.

However, the detailed information contained in the census form requires a process of "revision and analysis" for correcting errors, reviewing omissions and eliminating impossible or inconsistent data that can affect the results. In addition, the little information that is not pre-coded on the forms should be converted to mechanical codes. This work takes considerable time.

The period necessary for the ulterior preparation of the data can be reduced though the use of modern electromagnetic or electronic equipment, which will, in turn, contribute to greater precision and exactness of the census information. The information contained in the forms is transferred to perforated cards or magnetic tapes, eliminating any personal identification.

From these, we prepare the tabulations through an electronic computer.

The cards or magnetic tapes constitute a permanent and impersonal registry of the information collected in the census. The forms with the individual data are destroyed.

We will make simple tabulations of each municipality, because the reduced number of dwellings and persons do not permit using very detailed categories.
The tabulation by department will be done with greater detail, and those that correspond to the entire country will be the most complicated.

Each stage of the processing should be strictly controlled and verified.

D. Publication: The publication of the definitive results constitutes the final stage of the census process.

The publication, in addition to the preliminary results mentioned above will be done first by departments, in separate volumes, and in the measure that is determined by processing of each of them. There will also be a special volume for the results of the city of Asunción.

Finally, a summary at national level will be published.

Instructions for the enumerator

[Section I on the enumerator, its functions, and materials available is omitted here.]

II. The interview

A. Concept:
The interview is the dialogue that the enumerator established with a person, with the goal of obtaining the census information.

It is always preferable to take the information for the adult persons directly if they are present in the moment of the interview. In particular, the employees in domestic service, guests, pensioners, and other inhabitants who are not members of the family, whose personal data could be unknown to the selected informant.

Courtesy and friendliness should preside, condition, and conclude every interview.

B. Informants:
The enumerator should select a principal informant in each "census household".
Generally, the head of the family or the person recognized as such can give all or most of the information about the persons who make up the household, but not always.

You should therefore select a responsible member who knows the conditions of the persons who make up the household.

A child cannot provide reliable information.

[The rest of the section on the interview is omitted here.]

III. The enumeration area (AE)

A. General notions:

1. Concept:
The enumeration area (AE) is the geographical surface that an enumerator should cover.

2. Formation:
The formation of the enumeration areas has been done with the goal of giving each enumerator a task that he/she can complete in the established time, which is generally one day in the urban zone and one week in the rural zone.

In some cases, due to the nature of the land or the distance between populated places, we had to form smaller enumeration areas. In these cases, two or more enumeration areas will correspond to one single enumerator. In any case, the established tasks are those that have been found reasonable in agreement with the practice census done by the General Ministry of Statistics and Census in 1971.

3. The illustrated map:
For each enumeration area we have prepared an illustrated map with the boundaries marked with an orange line, and within which you should work, and outside the boundary, marked for your reference, you will also find the bordering zones identified.

The number of the enumeration area is noted on the illustrated map with large numbers, also orange-colored.

The orange line is continuous when the boundary of the enumeration area coincides with geographical accidents that are natural or physical, such as roads, streets, rivers, etc., and dashed when it is an imaginary boundary.
Where the boundary is a street, a road, a creek, etc., it is considered a boundary along these accidents.

Each illustration has a numeric code which identifies the municipality, the supervision sector and the enumeration area.

4. The route or the registry:
The route of the enumeration area means to cover it systematically, investigated all of the streets, paths, narrow roads, routes, roads or other areas where person do or can live.

Remember that sometimes people live in the places that you least expect.

Following a systematic route is important, to be assure that you have located all and each one of dwellings of your enumeration area.

a) Complete registry: With the goal of achieving a completed registry within your enumeration area, you should register the usual residential buildings or "houses" as well as the non-residential buildings or structures.

It is possible that you find persons who are living in constructions that are not expressly destined as dwellings, such as sheds, storage deposits, garages, etc., or in improvised dwellings built of discarded materials or in unexpected structures: old truck chassis, boats, water tanks, etc., or the most unexpected places.

Consequently, make the respective inquiries for each building or structure, even if it appears completely uninhabitable, but you should not register them really as dwelling, it only served as shelter in the "census moment".

Adapt the questions to the specific structure. For example, in a business you can ask,
"Does anyone live in the back part of this business?", or on a ranch you can ask "are there other dwellings for the workers on another part of this ranch?", etc.

Note all of the buildings in the registry form and enumerate the dwellings, whether they are occupied or not. (The instructions for filling in the registry from are given below).

The enumeration should begin without fault at 7 hours [o'clock] on the day July 9th. Take your identification credential, the census documents, and this manual with you.

b) Closed dwellings: If you encounter a closed dwelling, find out the reason with the neighbors. It can be that it was occupied at the "census moment", but its occupants are absent when you arrive at the house. In this case, you should return to do the enumeration. Determine the best time for doing so.

If after three visits you do not find any person capable of providing the information, ask the neighbors for all of the references that they can give and make

A note of this circumstance and the source of the information in the "observations" column on the Registry form.

If the house is unoccupied or if the occupants were absent on the day of the census, make the corresponding annotations on the registry form and the census form. This completes the enumeration of the house.

c) Collective dwellings: In the case that your sector supervisor has indicated that in your enumeration area there exists a collective dwelling where you will do a special enumeration, you should omit this dwelling. But if you encounter any other collective dwelling (hospital, hotel, barracks, boarding school, etc.); where there will not be a special enumeration, you do the enumeration. Exception: if you encounter a collective dwelling not previously indicated and where twenty persons or more live, advise your Sector Supervisor as soon as possible so that he can determine the manner of enumerating it.

B. Enumeration area in the urban zone

1. Formation:
As much as possible, the formation of the enumeration areas in the urban zones has been done based on the results of previous counts of the dwellings and persons of each block (pre-census).

As a rule, the enumeration area of the urban zone includes about twenty dwellings with about 120 persons. It can be made up of an entire block, part of a block, or several blocks, depending on the population density

[The rest of literal "B" on the enumeration area in the urban zone is omitted here.]

C. Enumeration area in the rural zone

1. Formation:
In the rural zone, the formation of the enumeration areas has been made in base of the "localities", which means colonies, companies, docks, ranches, etc. An enumeration area can be made up of one entire "locality" or part of it, but generally, one enumeration area does not include more than one locality.

An enumeration area in the rural zone can consist of up to approximately seventy dwellings; but where the houses are very disperse or the localities are small, an enumerator can have fewer dwellings. The task of an enumerator consists in the enumeration of a regular enumeration area or several small enumeration areas, in such a manner that the enumeration can be completed within one week.

(In some areas, especially in the 'Chaco' the formation of the enumeration areas differ from the norm, because of the characteristics of the land and low population density.)

[The rest of literal "B" on the enumeration area in the rural zone is omitted here.]

IV. The registry form for the enumerator (PV 2)

Instructions for its use

A. Goal:
The "enumeration registry" (Form PV 2), is a very important document that has several goals:
1. To facilitate your control of your enumeration area;
2. To facilitate the sector supervisor's review of your work;
3. To facilitate the preparation of the preliminary population count for the municipal census leader
4. To serve as a foundation for processing the results in the General Ministry of Statistics and Census
5. To serve as a foundation for future statistical polls

B. Content:
On this form, you should register all of the houses, buildings, etc., that are found within your enumeration area, in the order that you visit them. You should include not only the dwellings, but also the commercial spaces that are being built.

C. Geographic Localization:
Before you begin the route of your enumeration area, fill in the geographic information at the top of the Registry form, not only the number codes for Department-Municipality-Supervision Sector, enumeration area (in the boxes on the upper right hand corner), but also the names of the Department, Municipality, etc.

This information should be the same that is found on the cover of you enumerator's folder and also on the illustrated map of your enumeration area. If there is any discrepancy, inform your Sector Supervisor as soon as possible.

In the urban zone, also note the name of the city or town (this will normally be the same as the name of the Municipality, but in some cases it will be different).

In the cities or towns that are subdivided into neighborhoods, write the name of the neighborhood. (The Municipal Census Leader will tell you if this detail is needed in your Municipality).

In the rural zone, write the name of the colony or company that makes up your enumeration area. If you are dealing with a company that is within a colony, fill in both lines.

If your enumeration area does not belong to a colony nor a company, write the name in the line for "other populated place" and indicate the category: ranch, retreat, rest area, port, neighborhood, etc.

In the case of a place that has a proper name, but is within a colony or company, write the names for both on the corresponding lines.

If the place is known by two names, write both, underline the one that is currently used.

D. Number of pages:
Normally you will need more than one sheet for the registry of an enumeration area. In the space provided under the code boxes, number the sheets in the order that you complete them, and also write the total number of sheets for the enumeration area. For example, if the registry of your enumeration area takes three sheets, you should number them like this:

1/3 2/3 3/3

If you were assigned several enumeration areas, use a separate sheet to register each enumeration area, even if it only has one or two houses.

E. Identification:
This part of the registry refers to the identification of the house, etc. This information, together with the name of the head of household, should permit the census officials to find the house in the case that it is necessary to visit it again.

Column 1 (used only in the urban zone): If the blocks of your illustrated map are numbers, write this number in column 1. (Do not copy here the orange number of the illustrated map because this is the number of the enumeration area).

Column 2: In a vertical direction, write the name of the street, avenue, plaza, alley, etc. Make a horizontal line through columns 2 and 3 before you begin with another street.

In the urban zone, the streets generally have a name. If on your illustrated map you encounter any street without a name, you should identify it on the illustrated map with a capital letter (A, B, C, etc.) and use the same letter on the registry form.

In the rural zone, you only have to complete this column in the case where a road has a name, including the routes (Example: route 2).

Column 3: Number of the house or building. Remember that you should register not only the dwellings, but also the houses, buildings, etc. that are used for other purposes.

In the rural zone, there is generally a plaque with a number assigned by the municipality. In this case, write the number followed by the letter M. (Example 281M). Where there is no municipal number, it is possible that there is a number places by SENEPA, on a small plaque (originally yellow, but it could have been covered with another color); in this case, write the SENEPA number, followed by the letter S (Example 47S).

In the rural zone (with the exception of some areas where SENEPE does not have a program for malaria fumigating), most of the houses have SENEPA numbers.

In both zones, if the house does not have any number, on the form, write the order number starting with 1, encircling it.

Indicate the approximate location of the house on the illustrated map, identifying it with the same number and circle. If the illustrated map is too small, make an approximated drawing on the back of the registry sheet, indicating the location of the house in relation to the closest houses that have numbers.

Column 4: This is used only for houses that have separate dwellings in different floors. For the dwelling on the lower floor, you put 1; for the next, 2, etc.

Column 5 (urban zone only): This refers only to apartment buildings. Write the numbers of letters that identify the various apartments (if they have them).

F. Information about the dwelling:

Column 6: In the case of the sites that are not dwellings, you do not have to write anything in columns 6 to 14.

A For each dwelling there is a corresponding form number

Remember that in one house there can be various dwellings and that the dwelling is defined in the following manner:

Dwelling: is any shelter, separated or independent, built or used for housing persons.

To the first dwelling of you enumeration area, you should assign number 1, to the second, number 2, and so on.

This same number should be noted on the census form. On the lines for buildings where there are no dwellings, make a straight line.

Column 7 Name and last name of the head of household: This should be the same one that is shown on the census form. This means, if the person who is generally considered as the "head" of the household is absent on the census day, you should not write his name on the Registry (and also not on the Form).

Column 8-10: Write the date of each visit.

Column 11: Mark an X in this column when you have completed the interview of the household. If on the first visit you cannot obtain all of the information, leave this column blank and return to visit the house, etc.
Do not mark this column if you cannot complete the interview.

Column 12-14: When you complete the interview of a household, you should copy the totals here for the Census Form.

G. Observations:

Column 15: This column is used for several types of observations:

1. For houses, buildings, etc. that are not destined for dwelling. Write their use here: for example: Butcher, hairdresser, etc.
Avoid very general terms:
Not satisfactory / Satisfactory
Factory / Oil factory, textile factory
Warehouse / Lumber warehouse, construction material warehouse

2. For houses, buildings, etc. with multiple uses (dwelling and other), in this columns write the other use. One single line is enough on the form: in columns 6 to 14 you write the information that refers to the dwelling; for other uses, write in column 15.

3. The indication that the house or building is unoccupied, abandoned, closed up, under construction, being repaired, etc.

4. Any other information that will be useful in your work or that can help the interpretation of the information or the identification of the dwelling in the future.

[Section V on the census form and the type of annotations to be made is omitted here.]

The Census Form

I. Geographic localization

The geographic localization permits us to establish the location of the dwelling and of the population within the national territory at the date of the census.

The localization will be done by zones: urban and rural.
1. Department: On this line, you should write the name of the department in whose jurisdiction the municipality where you are working is located.
2. Municipality: Write the name of your municipality.

Urban Zone
3. The name of the street or avenue: On this line you should note the name of the street or avenue on which the dwelling is located. Ask if the name that appears on your illustrated map is known by the persons, and if it is not, next write this name and in parenthesis, the name known to the neighbors.

4. House number: Write the number that appears placed on the door to the street. In the urban zone, all of the houses are generally identified by a number written on a plaque placed by the Municipality. If the house does not have one, it may be that it has a SENEPA number. If the number is the one from the Municipality, place an M after you write it: (281M); if it is one from SENEPA, write an S: (47S). If it has both, give preference to the one from the Municipality. If the house does not have a number, in this space write the number that corresponds in column 3 of the Registry (PV-2), enclosing it in a circle.

Rural Zone
5. Number of the colony: If the dwelling is situated within the boundaries of a colony, write this in the line for name of colony.

6. Name of the company: If the place in which you are working is within a company, on this line, write the name of this company.

7. Other locality: If the populated place is within a colony or company or outside of them, and has a particular name by which it is known, in a) write this name and in b), the category that the inhabitants assign it: station, rest area, ranch, etc.

8. House number: The same that was noted in column 3 of the registry.

The annotation in the section "geography localization" on the form should be the same as those of the enumeration registry.

II. Information about the dwelling

These serve to determine the principal characteristics and the conditions, in which they are found, in terms of the construction, comfort, disposition of basic services, etc.

For the purposes of the census, the dwelling is any shelter, separated and independent, built or used for housing persons.

In the "collective dwellings", this part will be completed up to the part of type of dwelling.

1. Condition of occupation:

The dwelling can be:

When you encounter a dwelling in this situations, you should only register the information about the dwelling that you can obtain, whether through simple observation or through reference of the neighbors.

1. Condition of Occupation

2. Type of dwelling:

a) Private dwellings:

You will mark:
* Independent house or ranch-house: when the dwelling is built in a form that is separated one from another and has direct exit to the street or to a shared space
(interior patio, corridor, stairway, vestibule, etc.). For example: the family houses along a street, individual chalets, etc.
* Apartment or flat: when the dwelling occupies only part of a building. If can be an apartment in a large complex (monoblock), all of a floor in a building with various floors, etc.
* Rental room(s): when the dwelling independently occupies a room of various similar rooms that exist in a single building. They generally share the hygienic services.
In the case of the rooming houses, each "household" should give the information corresponding to Information about the dwelling only for the part of the building that it occupies.
* Improvised dwelling: when it is build with discarded materials: cardboard, straw [woven straw], cans, tarps, cane, packaging, etc.
* Others: (specify): when the dwelling is boat, shack, old chassis, tent, guard shack, stable, etc.

2. Type of dwelling
a) Private dwellings

b) Collective Dwellings:
As you will observe, on the form there are several possible causes for collective dwelling listed. Simply mark the corresponding option. When you encounter another class of collective dwelling, mark in line "others" and specify the special nature of it. Be aware that within a "collective dwelling", you can encounter one or more "private dwellings".

2. Type of dwelling
b. Collective dwellings

3. Predominant material:

a) Exterior walls: you will mark, in the corresponding box, the predominant material used in the construction of the exterior walls of the dwelling.

Predominant material
A. Exterior walls

b) Roof: You will mark the box that corresponds to the predominant material used in the construction of the roof of the dwelling with an X.

When a dwelling is in the interior part of a building of various floors, you will take into account the roof of the building.

3. Predominant material
B. Roof

c) Floor: You will mark the predominant material in floors of the dwelling with an X. If only one room has tile floor and the rest are brick, this is the predominant material.

3. Predominant material
C. Floor

4. Water Service:

a) Source: Mark the corresponding box, which is the source that provides water to the inhabitants of the dwelling.

* Public network: this is marked when the occupants of the dwelling get water from a public network, such as, for example, corposana.

When the source is not any of the three first indicated on the form, mark "other" and specify which it is. For example: water delivery truck.

4. Water service
A. Source

b) Place of supply: mark the place where the inhabitants of the dwelling obtain water.

4. Water service
B. Place of supply

III. Information about the household

The information for this part of the form refers to the "census household", which means, the set of persons who live in the dwelling.

5. Rooms in the household:

* How many rooms does this household occupy? Note with number, the total of rooms used as habitation by the members of the "household".
- Considered as a room is the space enclosed by walls and roof, and in which at least the bed of an adult can fit. This includes the living room, the dining room, and the bedrooms.
- Not considered as room is the Hall, the kitchen, the bathroom, corridor, shed, garage, etc., nor those that are used exclusively for commercial, industrial, or service purposes, such as stores, shops, doctor's offices, other offices, etc. Exception: if the kitchen is also used as a dining room, consider it as a room.

* Of these, how many are used for sleeping? Note here the number of rooms that are used specifically as bedrooms and those that, not being bedrooms, are normally arranged and used for sleeping.

* Does the household have rooms designated for cooking and bathing? We want to know if the "household" has a special room available for cooking and another for bathing.
If the household has a kitchen or bathroom and it is used exclusively by the "household", mark the corresponding line, in box 2. If the household does not have them, mark box 3.

5. Rooms in the household

How many rooms does this household occupy? _____
Of these, how many are used for sleeping? _____

Rooms designated for:
Cooking:

Bathing:

6. Ownership:
* Owned: when the dwelling belongs to the head of household or any member of it, the owner is considered to the one who is the owner of the land and building, as well as the one who is the owner of the building only (horizontal property). Also whoever inhabits the house that he has built, even when he is still paying for the land.

* Rented: when a determined amount of money is paid in concept of rent.

* Other form: and specify in any other case, the condition of ownership. Therefore, it can be "de facto occupation" when it is without authorization of the owner of the property or of the "usufruct" or "ceding" when the occupation is with the permission of the owner, but without paying rent.

6. Ownership

7. Sanitary service:

a) Type of service:

7. Sanitary service
A. Type of service


b) Use: mark box 1, when the service is used only the members of the "Household". If it is shared with another "household", mark box 2.

7. Sanitary service
b. Use

8. Lighting:
Mark the corresponding box, if the "household" enjoys the services of electrical energy, or not, from whatever source: public or private.

8. Lighting

9. Trash removal:

9. Trash removal

10. Household equipments:
Mark if the "household" has the household equipment indicated on the form available or not: Radio, Television, Refrigerator, and sewing machine. The radios can be radio-receptors or electrical or battery operated, or transistors, etc. The refrigerators [ice boxes] include refrigerators, which means, those that produce ice, and not simple freezers.

10. Domestic appliances

Observations: in the part "observations" you can note the additional clarifications that you want to make, but only those considered important, referring to dwellings as well as persons.

Summary: The part that says summary should only be filled in after having enumerated all of the persons of each "census household", since this corresponds to the Population section.

Summary:

IV. Information about the Population

In this section, you should take the information about all of the persons who slept in each of the dwellings of your enumeration area, on the night from July 8th to 9th, and also those who did not sleep in another dwelling. For example: a guard, a doctor on call, etc.

You will enumerate:

Do not enumerate:

Be aware that all of the information should be in reference to the "Census Moment" ("0" hour of July 9) even if you visit the dwelling in the following days.

A. Personal characteristics:

1. Name and last name:
Begin by noting the complete name and last name of the head of household in the first column. The head of household is the person present at the "census moment" considered as such by the rest of the members of the "census household", whether because of his/her age, because he/she is the primary support of the family or another reason. It can be a man or a woman.

Then, continue by noting, in horizontal manner from left to right, the names and last names of the other persons, following this order as much as possible:

In the case of the married women, note the name and last name that they had when they were single, followed by the last name of the spouse preceded by the preposition "of" [de].

In the case of widowed women, the name and last name as single, followed by the words "widow of" (last name of spouse).

Then, for each of the persons noted, ask the questions in vertical order, which means from the top to the bottom, by columns.

1. What is your name and last name? _____

2. Relationship or tie to the head of household
Mark the box according to the relationship or tie that the enumerated person has with the person indicated as "head of household" in the first column. "Other relative" includes siblings of the head of household, grandchildren, sons/daughters-in-law, father/mother-in-law, brothers/sisters-in-law, stepchildren, etc. "Other non-relative" includes the godchildren, employees, guests, roomers, boarders, etc.

When you use additional forms because the members of the "household" are more than nine persons, on the additional forms you do not use the first column that corresponds to the "head of household". Therefore, make a diagonal line because it should remain unfilled.

2. What is your relationship or link to the head of household?

3. Sex
Mark the corresponding box. When it is not possible to determine the sex of the person by the name, if he/she is not present, do not doubt in asking the question.

If it results more convenient to register the relationship with the head of household and the sex at the same time as the name and last name, do it in this manner.

3. Is this a man or woman?

4. Age
Note with numbers, the age in completed years; for those under one year old, note "00".
When the persons have doubts or do not know their age, try or identify it through some document, through reference to other persons in the household, or through the relationship to historical markers: national, local or family. For example: the age that he/she had during the War of Chaco (1932-35); age that he/she had when he/she got married and the number of years of marriage; age the he/she had at the time of birth of his/her eldest child and the child's current age, etc.

If resorting to these resources it is impossible to determine the age, note the age given and make the corresponding observation.

4. How old are you?
Write the age in years completed.
For persons less than one year old, write "00"
Years completed _____

5. Fertility
These questions will be asked only of the women who are 15 years old and more, whatever her marital status (single, married, consensual union, widows, or separated).

You should note the total of children born alive that each woman 15 years old and more has had.
* Children born alive: These are the ones that at birth gave some sign of life, even if it was momentary (breathe, cry, move). You should note all of the children born alive, whether they were legitimate, illegitimate or natural, those born within the current marriage or union of the enumerated woman; those born in previous unions or marriages.

Also ask and note:

The sums of these three bits of information should be equal to the total of children born alive that the informant has declared. If it is different, try to determine the cause and correct the error.

In addition ask, what is the month and year of the birth of the last child born alive and if this child is currently alive.

These questions, whenever possible, should be done in private form and of each woman individually. Do not forget to ask these questions even of the unmarried women, even if you can suppose that they have not had children.

5. Only for women who are fifteen years old and more

How many children have you had who were born alive?

Of these:

6. Orphans
Mark the box "yes" when the mother of the enumerated person is alive at the census date. Mark "no" when she has already died.

6. Is your mother still alive?

7. Marital status
This question should be asked only of persons who are 12 years old and more, and in the order indicated on the form, until you obtain an affirmative answer.

Ask first: are you "married or in a union" and mark the corresponding box.
* Married: when the person has entered in a civil or religious marriage and currently lives in this status. We are not interested if one of the spouses if temporarily absent for reasons of work, study, or others, as long as it is not because of definitive separation.

* Union: when the person lives in a free or de facto union without being married by civil or religious manner. Be aware that many of those who live in this condition try to hide it, the men declare that they are simply single and women married. Try to obtain the true information.

* Widow: when the person who had contracted civil or religious marriage, has lost the spouse and has not remarried nor lived in a consensual union.

* Single: when the person has not married nor currently lives in a consensual union.

7. What is your marital status?

8. Place of birth
If the person was born in this municipality (or district); or in any of its colonies or companies, etc., mark the box "here".

If he/she was born in another municipality, note the name of this other municipality. If he/she does not remember, note the name of the department. If he/she was born in a foreign country, note the name of the country. (The boxes for answering questions 9 and 10 have the same design as number 8)

8. Where were you born?
If he/she was born in this municipality (district), mark "here".
If he/she was born in another place, write the municipality where he/she was born; if the person does not know, write the department. If he/she was born outside of Paraguay, write the country.

Here [] / Other municipality ____
Department ____
Country ____

9. Place of current habitual residency
Considered the habitual place of residence is the geographical place where the enumerated person lives alone or with his/her family for at least a year, or if he/she has resided there for less time than indicated, he/she has intention of establishing him/herself in the place.

If he/she resides in this municipality (or district), or in any of its colonies or companies, etc., mark "here".
If he/she habitually resides in another municipality (or district), note the name of this other Municipality.
If he/she does not know, note the name of the department. If he/she habitually resides in a foreign country, note the name of the country.

9. Where do you have your habitual residency?
If it is in this municipality (district), mark "here".
If he/she has habitual residence in another place, write the municipality where he/she resides (or department), or the foreign country.

Here [] / Other municipality ____
Department ____
Country ____

10. Place of habitual residency in July, 1967
This question is only for persons 5 years old and more. If in July of 1967 the person already resided in this municipality (or district), or in any of its colonies or companies, etc., mark "Here".

For all persons who are under seven years old, the interview ends here.

10. Only for persons five years old or more.
Where did you have your habitual residency in June of 1967?
If it was in this municipality (district), mark "here".
If he/she had habitual residence in another place, write the municipality where he/she resided (or department), or the foreign country.

Here [] / Other municipality ___
Department ___
Country ___

B. Educational characteristics
These questions are asked only of persons seven years old and older.

11. Level of instruction
We understand as regular education, that given in schools, private schools, and universities (public or private) and that given by other institutions that extend equivalent degrees, even if they are of different nature (military schools and institutions, seminaries, technical or vocational schools, agricultural schools, etc.).

Not considered as institutions for regular education: the academies for clothing design and production, short-hand, hair dressing, dancing, etc.

If the enumerated person does not have any passed grade, mark the box, "none".
If he/she studied only in the elementary school, note in the line "elementary", and next to the printed 1, write the last grade passed, in numbers.

The same procedure should be followed for the levels of study. For persons who have done "literacy courses for adults", you should use the following equivalencies:

Adult literacy / Regular elementary education
1st cycle passed / 3rd grade passed
2nd cycle passed / 5th grade passed
3rd cycle passed / 6th grade passed

The secondary education is shown divided according to specialties.
On the line "degrees obtained" you should note all of those obtain by the enumerated person, from regular education institutions or not.

11. What is the last grade or course that you passed in regular educational institutions?

12. Literacy
Ask if the person knows how to read and write and mark the corresponding box.
If he/she responds that he/she only reads or only writes, mark the box "no". If he/she has secondary or university studies, mark "yes" without asking this question.

12. Do you know how to read and write?

13. Current attendance at an establishment for regular education.
Mark the corresponding box, according to whether the person attends an establishment for regular education or not at the census date.

The persons registered in any institution of regular education, but do not attend classes, due to illness or vacations, mark "attends".

13. Do you currently attend a regular educational establishment (elementary, secondary or university?

Attends?

14. Reason for not attending school

This question is only asked of persons from 7 to 14 years old who do not attend school.
Mark the corresponding box, according to the cause. In "physical incapacity", you should specify which physical incapacity makes it impossible for him/her to attend school, including chronic illnesses.

For persons under 12 years old, the interview ends here.

14. What is the reason for which you do not attend school? (age 7 to 14 years)

C. Economic characteristics.

15. Activity during the week of July 3rd to 8th, 1972.

Ask the questions in the order indicated on the form until you receive an affirmative answer. Be aware that the answers are exclusive, which means, when you mark one, it eliminates the possibility of marking any other.

* Worked: this includes all persons who worked for pay or salary, in cash or in kind, for tips or commission, or self-employed. Also includes the person who works without pay in a family business.

* Did not work, but had employment: this includes all of the persons who have an employment or business, but in the reference week did not work due to illness, vacations, broken-down machinery, bad weather, accident, etc.

* Looked for work having worked before: this refers to the persons who having worked previously, in the week before the Census did not work and were dedicated to looking for another job.

* Looked for work for the first time: this includes the persons who not having worked previously, desire to do so, for which they have made the effort to find work, personally offering themselves to possible employers, registering in employment placement offices, and placing advertisements in the newspapers, etc.

* Lived off of his/her pension or rents: includes the person who did not have any paid occupation in the week before the Census, and maintained himself/herself with the product of his/her goods or capital or what he/she receives in the concept of retirement or pension.

* Studied: this refers to the persons who were exclusively dedicated to studying, without doing any paid activity. If, in addition to studying, he/she did any paid work, you should mark the box 1 "Worked".

* Took care of his/her household: this includes the persons dedicated to the domestic labors in his/her own household, such as housewives and other relatives who did the domestic chores without being paid.
If the person being enumerated does the work or household chores in someone else's house and for payment "in cash" or "in kind", you should mark box 1, "Worked".

* Incapacitated: this covers the persons who for reasons of advanced age, physical incapacity, or chronic illness, cannot work nor look for work.

* Other: this includes any other reason for which he/she did not do any remunerated work. Mark the box and specify the cause.

15. What did you do the greatest part of last week?

16. Occupation, job, or profession done by the person during the week of July 3rd to 8th, 1972

If the person did more than one occupation, you should note the one that produced the greatest income. If he/she was absent from his/her work during the past week (for vacations, illness, etc.), note which was his/her regular occupation. If he/she was looking for work, note the last occupation that he/she did.

When you make the notation, try to clearly specify the class of work or the nature of the occupation that the person has had.

The very general annotations are not satisfactory:

Incorrect / Correct

-Employee / Salesman, office worker, cashier, etc.
-Technician / Radio, television, football, technician, etc.
-Worker / Construction laborer, painter, plumber, milker, etc.
-Mechanic / Dental mechanic, automobile mechanic, aviation mechanic, etc.

16. What occupation, job, or profession did you do last week? (or the last time you had a job?) ____

17. Principal production of the establishment, business or institution where he/she worked

Write the branch, or the nature of the establishment, business, etc., in which the person being enumerated worked at the occupation declared on line 16.

Do not use generic terms, such as: factory, assembly, store, etc. Note: oil factory, shoe store, assembly of women's clothing, etc.

Nor should you write the names of establishments, such as: Factory Santa Inés; The Producer, Inc., except in the case of Institutions that are known by their initials, such as ANDE, APAL, IBR, etc.

Incorrect / Correct
-Santa Ines SRL / Manufacture of cookies
-El Productor, SA / Insurance Company
-San Andres, Inc. / Milk producer

For the employees of Public Administration, write the name of the institution where he/she works and the nature of the activity in which he/she is involved.
Example:
Ministry of Public Works - Quarry worker
Ministry of Public Works - Road Construction
Ministry of Education - Elementary Education

Ministry of Public Health - Regional Hospital

For the self-employed workers, write the principal activity.

17. To what is the establishment, business, or institution where you work dedicated primarily? ____

18. Category or position that the person had in the exercise of his/her occupation

* Employer or owner: This is the person who exploits his/her own economic business or practices a profession or occupation, having paid workers (without including domestic employees).

* Self-employed worker: the person who exploits his/her own economic business or who practices profession or occupation on his/her own account and who does not have any paid employee or worker.

* Employee: the person in whose occupation the intellectual force predominates over the physical; and who works for payment, salary or commission, for an owner or employee (whether public or private).
The following are employees: the managers, directors, secretaries, office personnel, etc.

* Worker or laborer: the person who does an occupation that is predominately physical, for daily wages, monthly pay, weekly pay, by contract, for tips, or payment in kind.

The following are workers: construction laborers, overseers, patio or ranch hands, domestic employees, milkers, chauffeurs, etc.

* Unpaid family worker: this is the person who works at least two day a week in a business or company exploited by a relative, without receiving payment.

Once you have finished taking all of the information for all of the persons indicated in parte IV of the Census form and according the ages that correspond, verify that you have not omitted any person (specially the small children) or if you have passed any question without asking it.

If the household has more than 9 members, mark the box that says continued placed on the form at the foot of the 9th person and use another form.
Then, fill in the box that says Summary and that is placed on the front part of the form.

18. What is the category or position that he/she had in the exercise of his/her occupation?

19. Proof of enumeration
Before you leave, fill in the proof that says "enumerated dwelling" in which you should place the enumeration area number and the form number. You should sign it and hand it to the head of household, with the recommendation that he/she take care of it because he/she should show it to any other enumerator who arrives with the intention of enumerating the house, to verify the enumeration or for other polls in the future. (You could suggest to the head of household that he/she place it on the wall or behind the door, together with the SENEPA registration, if he/she has it.)

VI. Instructions for turning in the materials

A. Revision:
Once you have enumerated all of the dwellings of your enumeration area, you should compare your enumeration registry to the forms and the illustrated map to be sure that there are no omission or discrepancies.

Review the forms with the goal of determining if there was any omission and complete the details that for some reason you did not do previously: such as filling in the totals, completing the geographic information, sign the forms, etc. At the end, establish the totals on the Registry form (totals of each sheet and from the enumeration area).

B. Turning in
Having finished this, you should turn in all of the materials to the sector supervisor. The section supervisor should revise the forms and verify the registry and the drawing/map.
If the work is complete and satisfactory, you will be given the corresponding certificate. Also return the unused materials, you will be satisfied to have collaborated with the country in the important task and to have served your community.

[The index of the document is omitted here.]