Mexico
National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE)
Manual for census-takers
[p.2]
Presentation
Strengthening the generation of statistical and geographical information in Mexico is one of the functions of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI - National Institute of Statistics and Geography).
The objective of the National Occupation and Employment Survey (ENOE, Spanish acronym) project is to provide continuous information about the main characteristics of the occupation and employment of the Mexican population.
The ENOE captures reliable and quality information, which is why it is necessary for field personnel to fully understand the conceptual and operational aspects of the project.
This manual is aimed mainly at the interviewer and the entire operational structure participating in the survey, but also at everyone who is interested in knowing the ENOE.
[Important: This instruction form includes sections 4, 5, 6, and 7 from the original manual. These sections are the ones that detailed how to filled/asked questions.]
[p.40]
4.3 Selection units
The following are the concepts related to selection units:
Primary sampling units (PSU)
These are units of area with identifiable boundaries on the ground, which group a set of homes, whose conformation criteria depend on each project.
To construct the primary sampling units, geographical elements were used that result from primary units that vary the least over time and are more identifiable in the field, as is the case of locales, blocks and BGSA (Basic Geo-Statistical Areas).
In a first stage, the primary sampling units that make up the sampling elements were selected. In the case of locales with blocks and segments in scattered rural areas, homes are selected in a second stage.
PSUs were covered in their entirety and the lists of homes were drawn up, which is why they are also known as the listing area, a term that will be used synonymously with PSU. The criteria for their conformation depend on the size of the locale to which they belong:
- In a city extension. Each PSU shall have a minimum of 160 inhabited homes, a maximum of 300 and optimally 200. PSUs, like those mentioned in the preceding paragraph, are made up of one or more contiguous blocks belonging to one or more BGSA.
- In the rural area. These are a set of bordering locales grouping a total of between 160 and 300 homes, optimally 200.
PSUs may be part of a BGSA, a complete BGSA or two or more joined BGSAs.
[p.41]
Segment
The set of approximately 10 homes close to each other, conformed in this way due to difficulty in accessing a rural PSU, due to a hilly terrain or the dispersion of the homes.
The purpose of a segment-type division is to reduce the interviewer's travel time from one selected home to another in order to guaranty that they collect the information in all the selected homes.
4.4 Basic concepts
Below we describe the concepts of home and their classification in order to guaranty success in managing the list of homes to correctly locate the selected homes.
Home. Delimited space, generally by walls and ceilings of any material, with independent entry that is used for living, that is, to prepare food, eat, and protect oneself from the environment.
Classification of homes. The difference between the places where people live must be established, therefore homes are classified as group living arrangement and private home.
[Table omitted -- included the following definitions for group living arrangement and private home]
Site intended to provide lodging to groups of people who are subject to co-living and behavior rules for reasons of health, education, discipline, rehabilitation, religion, work, social assistance and lodging, among others.
Most group living arrangements have a sign or business name that identifies them. These homes are classified into:
- Hospital, clinic, health care home, medical treatment center
- Youth group home, orphanage, nursery
- Senior citizen's home, nursing home
- Shelters for victims of domestic violence
- Boarding school, student residence
- Convent, monastery, religious seminary
- Work camp, medical residence, barracks, military, naval or police detachment
- Prison, jail or penal colony
- Immigrant shelter
That used, in accordance with statistical frameworks in the creation of the framework of homes, as dwelling of usual household accommodation.
Private homes are characterized by having an independent entrance that allows their residents to enter and exit to the street or countryside, common spaces (hallways, patios, stairways), without passing through the inside of the rooms of another home.
The home may have been built or adapted to be inhabited.
Private homes are classified into:
- Apartment in a building
- Home in a tenement
- Rooftop studio
- Site not built for residence
- Mobile home
- Natural shelter
[p.42]
Other types of private homes are:
Room in tenement. This type may or may not share a wall, ceiling or floor with another home and their residents may share water and toilet services.
[Omitted image -- shows example of a room in tenement]
Rooftop studio. Type in which the residents constitute an independent household, that is, they do not share grocery expenses with the residents of the apartment or home to which the studio belongs.
[Omitted image -- shows example of a rooftop studio]
Buildings constructed for purposes other than residential, but used for this purpose at the time the list was drawn up: warehouses, workshops, schools, commercial premises, sheds, etc. and those built with waste materials in irregular settlements and landfills.
[Omitted image -- shows example of building constructed for purposes other than residential]
Natural shelters. Spaces adapted as permanent homes.
[Omitted image -- shows example of natural shelters]
[p.43]
Mobile homes. These are vehicles adapted as homes: trailers, boats, circus caravans, train cars, and even makeshift shelters under bridges, in drainage pipes, etc. The main characteristic of this type of home is that it is ready to be moved at any time. Due to the ease with which they can be moved, they do not appear on the list, only on the diagrams.
[Omitted image -- shows example of mobile homes]
Occupation status of the homes
Based on their occupation status, the private homes are classified into:
Inhabited home. These, at the time of the interview, provide accommodation to one or more people who normally live there.
[Omitted image -- shows example of an inhabited home]
Uninhabited home. These, at the time of the interview, are uninhabited, but, based on information from neighbors or other sources, is normally used to lodge households.
[Omitted image -- shows example of an uninhabited home]
[p.44]
Temporary use home. Homes cataloged as such because they are inhabited only on weekends or during certain seasons of the year for purposes of vacation, because their owners have another home in which they regularly reside. Another type of temporary use home is the rooms used as a home by hired laborers or farmers during the planting or harvest season.
[Omitted image -- shows example of a temporary use home]
[p.73]
6. Sociodemographic questionnaire
The central goal of the sociodemographic questionnaire is to record, as its name states, the main sociodemographic characteristics of the residents of selected homes, such as sex, age, place of birth, education, marital status of the people and to identify the population 12 years of age or older to whom the occupation and employment survey should be applied (the purpose of which is to identify information in the occupational characteristics of the population). Additionally, it permits precise control of the field work, as shown below.
Taking into consideration that the ENOE is a survey visiting the selected residence up to five times, once each trimester (the first visit is made to compile the required information and the remaining four visits are made to update this information), the questionnaire design is such that most of the headings, especially those related to identification data, include up to five fields to record information referring to the same topic.
In general terms, the sociodemographic 1uestionnaire is divided into two larger sections which we will call cover page and back. The content and completion instructions are described below, first, of the cover page and then those referring to the back
[Omitted figure - image of the first page from the sociodemographic questionnaire]
[p.74]
Most of this section contains information that allows the selected homes to be located, from a geographical and processing perspective, and provides operative control of the interview, but also allows the basis of the information that will be obtained in relation to the residents of the home, the number of households included within them and the availability of the domestic employees.
6.1 Section I. Identification data
The objective of this section is to geographically reference the selected home.
[Omitted figure - Identification data]
- Write the data pertinent to the headings questionnaire of questionnaires, phone number, household no. and household moved based on the criteria stated below.
Questionnaire of questionnaires
This heading is used to enter the number of questionnaires used to obtain the information from each household. Fill out this heading. Until you have finished the interview.
[Omitted figure]
To avoid overlap, whenever you use more than one questionnaire, be sure that you enter all identification data on each of them.
[p.75]
Telephone number
This data can be extremely useful to verify or supplement the information compiled during the interview, set appointments (interview date and time) when it has been difficult to contact the informant; but if they refuse to provide them, do not insist, leave the space blank. Regardless of the response to this request, explain that this information will only be used in the cases described.
[Omitted figure]
Household number
To determine the number you should enter in this heading, first check how many households or groups of people are in the home. To do this, consult the information in question 3 of section V Residents of the home and household identification, and also take the following criteria into consideration:
[Omitted figure]
- Homes with two or more households. Identification of household number one. If more than one household resides in the home, assign one of them number one and the rest a progressive number. The household assigned number one shall be at the discretion of the informant; if they do not know which to assign this number, tell them that it should be the household to which the owner or person responsible for the home belongs.
- The number you assign to the other household(s) have no special criteria, so you can assign the numbers arbitrarily, as the only purpose is to distinguish them from each other; but, you should use one sociodemographic questionnaire for each household.
- Homes in which a resident could not be contacted. If despite your efforts to establish contact with any of the residents of a home, you cannot do so; consider, for the purpose of filling in the heading Household no., that there is only one household in that home, that is, enter the code number one.
Household moved
Household moved. The replacement of one household by another in the course of the second to fifth visit to the home.
[p.76]
Conceptual clarifications:
This heading identifies whether the household(s) recorded as residents of the home in the first interview are or are not the same from one interview to another throughout the five trimesters the home remains in the sampling.
A household is considered to have moved from the home if all the members of the household left, and only if said household was replaced by another. From an operational perspective, the existence of a household moved should only be entered if an interview has been conducted with the household that replaced the previous one.
If the new household refuses to provide the information, the number entered in the field Household moved on the questionnaire of the previous household should not be changed under any circumstances until the replacement becomes effective; therefore, only for operational purposes you should continue using the same questionnaire for the household that was there to enter the results of the refusal.
A household is also considered to have moved in cases such as the following:
First interview
[Omitted table]
Second interview
[Omitted table]
[p.77]
2. When the employers have returned to the home, in the case of homes inhabited by domestic servants, who had initially been obtained as the sole household residing in the home.
First interview (Household of domestic servants)
[Omitted table]
Fourth interview
[Omitted table]
3. If at least one of the members 12 years old or older returns after it was uninhabited, it is not entered as a household moved, as the household was not replaced by another. If other people have arrived with the person(s) who returned, record the former as new members of the original household.
Do not change the code entered in household moved. Limit yourself to updating the information.
To facilitate the operational work, use the same questionnaire that had been used before the home was abandoned.
[p.78]
First interview
[Omitted table]
Second interview
[Omitted table]
Fourth interview
[Omitted table]
[p.79]
[Omitted table]
Don't consider a household to have been replaced if at least one of the members 12 years old or older from the previous household remains in the home, due to the simple fact that members have been added who are older than the members of the original household; in this case consider the new residents simply as new members.
[Omitted table]
Fourth interview
[Omitted table]
[p.80]
To facilitate the explanation of how to report households moved, in the example shown below, the surnames of the supposed households are included, although in practice you will have to review the information entered in the first five questions as a whole in order to determine if a household has moved, considering that when the information is obtained, the people's surnames are not entered.
Homes with one household
Household status:
1. The household moved and was replaced
How to proceed?
In this case three situations may be present:
2. People older than 12 years of age have left the home and only the younger children remain.
3. In a previous interview the household of a domestic servant was recorded as the only household, but the employer's household has returned.
To report the case as a household moved, do the following:
Transcribe all identification data from the previous questionnaire to the new questionnaire, except data for the heading household moved.
In household moved, enter the code 1, 2, 3, or 4 based on the number of household changes in the home.
Start the interview.
In the case of the household that has moved due to the departure of members 12 years of age or older and in the case of employers (of domestic servants) who have returned to the home, in addition to the aforementioned criteria, do the following: include those less than 12 years of age as members of the new household; and in the case of domestic servant(s), include them on the same questionnaire for the new household, at the end of the list of members of the household.
[p.81]
- Staple the voided questionnaire to the new one, so that the back of the new form is in front, to facilitate its subsequent review.
[Omitted table]
2. The interview could not be conducted in the first trimester
If you are not able to obtain the information in the first interview for any reason, enter the code 1 in household number and the code zero in household moved. These codes shall remain even until you are able to conduct the interview in the household. In these cases, use the same sociodemographic questionnaire to collect the information.
If in any subsequent interview you find that the home is now inhabited, use the same questionnaire to collect the information.
Example:
[Omitted figure]
[p.82]
3. The home is uninhabited
If in an interview other than the first, you find that the household entered previously has abandoned the home and it is now uninhabited, proceed as follows:
- Enter the code 06 under the heading result of the interview. Assign the same code in each trimester, as long as it remains uninhabited.
- If the home again becomes inhabited by a different household than the one obtained previously, treat it as a household moved, that is, proceed as indicated in point 1.
This same criterion applies if only children less than 12 years old have remained in the home, as they are inadequate informants.
Example:
[Omitted table]
4. The household that had moved has returned
If when you go back to the selected home you find that it is again inhabited and when conducting the interview you detect that it is the same household as that obtained in another interview, do not treat it as a household moved, as the household was not replaced by another; therefore the code entered in the heading household moved should not be changed.
Now, in order to facilitate the work of updating the information, you should use the same questionnaire.
Example:
[Omitted table]
[p.83]
4. The household that had moved has returned
If a household returns after another has inhabited the home, treat it as a household moved. That is, obtain the information on another questionnaire.
Example:
[Omitted table]
Homes with two or more households
The procedure to report cases of a household that has moved when two or more households reside in the selected home is similar to that for cases in which only one household is in residence, except in the following situations:
Household status
1. One or more households left, but there was another in their place
How to proceed?
If, when conducting the interview, you detect that one or more of the households have moved but were replaced, do the following:
- In the heading household no., enter the same code as the replaced household.
- In the heading household moved, enter the corresponding progressive number.
- Cancel the questionnaire of the household(s) that left.
Example:
[Omitted table]
[p.84]
2. One or more households left and they were not replaced
If, when conducting the interview, you find that there are fewer households in the home than those obtained in the previous interview, do the following:
Cancel the questionnaire for the household that has moved as follows:
- In result of the interview, enter the code 14. As you can see later in section ii result of the interview, this is an independent code from the typology considered in the code list, and indicates that the home remains inhabited, although the household in question has left.
- If the household that moved was number 1, update the data in the section v residents of the home and identification of households in household questionnaire 2. no additional explanation will be necessary, taking into consideration that the codes entered in the heading household moved and result of the interview in the questionnaire of the household that left, will be sufficient to understand why that questionnaire was updated.
Example:
[Omitted table]
- Continue with the normal interview in the case of the households that have remained in the home.
[p.85]
3. One or more households left, but were replaced in subsequent interviews
If when you go back to a home in which the number of resident households reported had previously decreased, you detect that the number has again increased, record the new households as follows:
- In household moved enter the consecutive number corresponding to each household according to the number of household replacements that have occurred in the home for that household in particular.
- In result of the interview for the new household, enter the code 00; for the household(s) that were not replaced, enter the code 14. This code is only used the first time you detect that the household in question is no longer residing in the home, as long as other households remain in residence.
- Cancel the questionnaire(s) of the households that left, according to the stated guidelines.
Example:
[Omitted table]
[p.86]
4. All the households left and none were replaced
When you detect that in a previous interview the presence of two or more households was reported, but in the current interview you detect that the home is uninhabited, report the situation as follows:
- In result of the interview of each household, enter the code 06 or that corresponding to type B or C. Assign the respective code in each trimester, as long as the home remains uninhabited.
- If in a subsequent interview you detect that home again becomes inhabited by one or more different households, in household moved, enter the corresponding code according to the number of households replaced in the home for that household, and in result of the interview enter the code 14 for the household that was not replaced.
- Cancel the sociodemographic questionnaire of the household that left.
Example:
[Omitted table]
[p.87]
Special case
Treatment of the household that moved. If in an interview after the first one, when trying to update the information, the informant reports that the information obtained previously was purposely falsified and agrees to correct it in the current visit, as an exceptional case, treat it as a household that has moved in order to obtain the correct information.
Joining or dividing households in the home
It is possible that during the second to fifth interviews you detect that the quantity of households in the home has increased or decreased in relation to the number originally recorded, because they decided to unite (join) or separate (divide).
Conceptual clarifications:
Joining of households. Union of two or more households that had previously been obtained as independent. Consider them joined when the households begin to share grocery expenses.
Dividing of households. Separation that occurs in a household (that had previously been obtained as a single one) to form two or more households. Consider them divided when the households no longer share grocery expenses.
Instructions:
In the case of joining:
- In result of the interview enter the code 14, since the home remains inhabited when you report that this household has joined.
[p.88]
When there is division of household(s):
- Use a sociodemographic questionnaire for each household that was formed as a result of the separation.
- In the heading household number on each new sociodemographic questionnaire, enter the corresponding consecutive number according to the number of households in the home.
- In the heading household moved of each new sociodemographic questionnaire enter the code 0.
Although it is uncommon, there is a possibility you will find that, due to error, the information was collected in the wrong home. Before making any correction, verify the situation. Compare the identification data on the list of homes with the physical location of the home. Remember that it is wrong to define the location of a home based on the name entered on the list of homes; if you consider it appropriate, ask for your supervisor's support.
If you find that you have effectively been completing the survey on the wrong home, do the following:
- Use a new sociodemographic questionnaire to obtain the information for the correct home; transcribe to the new questionnaire all identification data except that referenced in the heading household moved. In this case, enter the code number one, that is, treat it as a household that has moved. Thus, this code shall indicate to the system that the household obtained previously no longer exists and that the current one has replaced it. Continue to conduct the interview as normal.
- When you have concluded the interview, staple the sociodemographic questionnaire of the wrong home to the one filled out for the correct home.
[p.89]
6.2 Section II. Result of the interview
The objective of this section is to understand the results you have obtained by going to conduct the interview. This result may vary in each interview, thus they have considered the fields to enter the results each interviewer obtains during the time the home is in the sample. The section is divided into two parts, preliminary and final, of which you only have to fill out the preliminary results column; the final results should be filled out by the supervisor.
[Omitted figure]
[p.90]
Instructions:
Taking into account that it is not always feasible to locate the residents of the selected homes the first time you go to a home to obtain the information, you should return up to five times, at different times, throughout the week of the survey, trying to locate an adequate informant.
All homes must be visited in the appropriate trimester, regardless of the result reported previously, as its inhabitation status may change from one trimester to another.
To classify the results of the interview there are four categories:
- Type A home inhabited. This classification groups situations in which the interviewer was not able to obtain the information, despite your efforts, because the home is inhabited.
- Type B home uninhabited. This category groups those cases in which the information could not be obtained because the home is uninhabited.
- Type C home outside of sample. This category includes cases in which it was not possible to conduct the interview for different reasons: the space recorded as a home never was one, or used to be a home but is no longer one, the home no longer exists in the location on the list because it was destroyed or relocated.
In all those cases where the result has been no interview, regardless of the code assigned, provide the supervisor useful or relevant information in the comments section that permits the verification or rescue of an interview. For example, indicate the time you were able to find the residents, the willingness or lack thereof of the informants who could attend the interview, if there are any neighbors who could provide information, characteristics of the home or the area that are not specified in the field material.
Below you will find the instructions to follow to fill out the data in this section:
- Code. Enter the result code of the interview: achieved (double zero) or not achieved (codes 01 to 15), based on the List of codes to record the result of the interview, section located below the box for this section.
Type A Home inhabited
The situations in which the interview is not achieved, despite the presence of residents in the home, are grouped in this category. Remember that before reporting a case in this category you must have visited the home up to five times, on different days and at different hours during the week of the survey, trying to find the adequate informant; in addition, have questioned the neighbors about what time you could find them.
To ensure the participation of the people in those cases in which they refuse to cooperate or when you are not able to establish contact with them despite the visits to the home at different hours, you have presentation documents through which people are provided with specific information about the objective of the survey and are invited to participate.
01. There is no one in the home at the time of the interview
Assign this code when:
After the five visits to the selected home, you have not been able to establish contact with any resident of said home, despite that you went there, throughout the week of the survey, on different days and at different hours. Notwithstanding the foregoing, you should have been able to verify, at least, which day and at what time they could be contacted by the supervisor, who will have to go to try to obtain the information.
The investigation related to the time any resident could be located may be done among the neighbors, concierges or security guards. If you have not been able to establish contact with anyone who can provide you information, observe the conditions of the home to determine whether it is inhabited; you can observe this based on the fact that the electrical meter is turning, the presence of clothing on the line, pets or plants with signs that someone takes care of them.
02. Temporarily absent
- You have not been able to conduct the interview during the week of the survey because you could not establish contact with any of the residents of the home because they are temporarily absent for different reasons: vacation, work, dealing with personal matters, illness.
[p.91]
03. Refused to give information
The adequate informant has denied providing the information. In this situation, explain to them the purpose of the survey and highlight the confidential handling of the information.
In a final attempt to try to convince the residents to agree to provide the information, leave in the entrance to the home, in a visible location, the appointment scheduling forms and collaboration request, and return at another time to learn their response.
Assign this code regardless of the argument given finally for not attending or continue providing the information: having given the information for this or another INEGI project or another institution, public or private (radio survey, political party).
Under no circumstance should you give up on your attempts to obtain the information during the period of the five visits to the home due to the simple fact that on the first, second, third or fourth time you went you were not received by any member of the household or your presence was ignored. Consider it a refusal only if someone assumed to be a member of the household, expressed n words that they did not wish to cooperate.
04. Inadequate informant
You detect the presence of people who do not meet the requirements to be considered adequate informants. Remember these are:
- Persons outside of the household (friends, domestic employees, relatives, visitors), even when they know all the information.
- People with any mental disability.
- People of advanced age who cannot provide information (in this situation, as an exceptional case, a family member may be the adequate informant even if they are not a resident of the selected home. If this is the case, you will only need to explain this situation in the comments section).
- People under the influence of any type of drug or alcohol.
05. Other reason
You have not been able to establish contact with any of the residents due to reasons other than those cited above:
- The household is in quarantine.
- The area where the home is located is high risk.
- The streets or roads have been blocked due to the presence of a weather phenomenon.
- There is a gate that prevents contact with the residents of the home (common situation in some residential areas).
[p.93]
- You cannot conduct the interview because none of the residents speaks Spanish. Do not assign this code if you speak the language or tongue and can conduct the interview.
- This code is recorded in the questionnaires for each of the households that abandoned the home and were not replaced, which allows you to justify its removal from the system.
- If you have not been able to conclude or even fill out the sociodemographic questionnaire, assign the code 03 refused to give information.
Type B. Home uninhabited
The main characteristic of this type of no interview is that, at least during the period of the survey, the home was uninhabited. You should not assign a type B no interview code for any reason before you have done everything possible to investigate among the neighbors the real situation of the home. Do not settle for the simple visual assessment of the physical conditions present in the home.
The main characteristics of this typology is that no one has lived in the selected homes during the period of the survey.
Assign a specific code in this category in accordance with the following:
[p.94]
The condition of a home being uninhabited can be observed based on, for example, one or more of the following situations:
- The existence of broken windows or doors or sealed windows.
- The presence of overgrown grass or weeds, the presence of cobwebs in the doors and windows.
- There is electricity or water service connected, and this can be observed by the lack of an electrical meter or a water connection point, or these instruments are in good condition, but appear not to be in operation.
- The existence of mail on the ground that seems to have been there a long time.
07. Temporary use
You detect that a home is furnished or has items inside, and is used with a certain frequency (weekends, vacation periods, planting season), to rest or for other purposes. Assign this code even if it is not used, but there is furniture or other items present inside.
The information you compile from the neighbors is the only way you can guaranty this code is correct. If you are not able to determine that it is a home for temporary use or is uninhabited, consider it uninhabited, suitable for inhabitation (code 06).
Remember that for the survey it does not matter which group of people inhabit the home: the owners, renters, domestic servants, "aviators" or other groups. You are only interested in knowing if it is inhabited or not; and if it is inhabited, learning the sociodemographic and economic.
08. Not suitable for inhabitation
The selected home is uninhabitable due to deterioration: fractured walls or roof, missing windows, doors, roof or in the process of remodeling.
09. Temporary use for purposes other than inhabitation
The selected home is used temporarily as an office, business, workshop, factory, warehouse, nursery, school.
This temporary status is conditional on the five trimesters the home remains in the sample. If a home has been classified during three consecutive trimesters with this code, in the fourth trimester, assign it number 12 Permanent use for purposes other than inhabitation.
[p.85]
Type C. Home outside of sample
Includes situations that affect the sample, for such reasons as:
10. Demolished ·
The selected home as been demolished, destroyed or is in the process of demolition.
11. Change of site (mobile)
The selected homes, despite being registered on the list of homes, are not found in the field. This may happen in very special cases; for example, in the case of a trailer, houseboat, improvised camp under bridges, drainage pipe, which apparently, at least when listed, appeared to have been permanently located in the place, but when the ENOE staff went there, they had disappeared.
12. Permanent use for purposes other than inhabitation ·
The selected home has been adapted to be used exclusively and permanently as a workshop, shop, warehouse, house of prayer, etc.
13. Other reason
(Specify in the comments section)
The reason for the no interview cannot be classified in any of the above options, for example:
- Homes sealed for any reason, as long as there is a notice on the home. If not, report it as uninhabited suitable or nor suitable for inhabitation, as applicable.
Joined homes (in this case enter the reason and report to the supervisor; if you have questions about how to identify them, see chapter 4 of this manual).
[p.96]
6.3 Section III. Data of operational staff
The purpose of this section is to know who participates in the phases of the survey, supervision and handling of the information compiled in each trimester.
[Omitted figure]
Instruction:
6.4 Section IV. Supervision
The purpose of this section is for the supervisor to indicate whether the interview was subject to observation, therefore, it is exclusively for their use.
[Omitted figure]
[p.97]
6.5 Section V. Residents of the home and identification of households
The purpose of this section is to identify, in each interview, how many people normally reside in the home and how many households make up this group of people.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
This section contains four questions, which are asked in each interview as if being asked for the first time.
Although it has already been stated, it is worth emphasizing how important it is, when conducting the interview, to ask the questions textually, in order to avoid losing valuable information, as in this case, the identification of habitual residents of the home, and the questions are designed in such a way that it is the informant, and not you, who defines who are the habitual residents of their home.
A typical case in which the informant tends to have doubts when defining the residence status is that of students and workers who, due to the long distance to their study and work centers, respectively, must reside, most of the week, in another private home. Only in this type of cases will you be the one to decide whether or not to consider a person a habitual resident based on the criteria listed in the next question.
[p.98]
Question 1
The question is asked in each interview to learn the total number of people who habitually reside in the home.
Habitual resident. Person who normally lives in the selected home, in which they usually sleep, eat and are protected from the environment; as well as those found in the home at the time of the interview who did not have another place to live.
Habitual residents:
The people who normally live in the home, regardless of their nationality.
Newborns (including those who have not arrived at the home because they are still in the hospital).
People who don't sleep regularly in selected home but rather in:
- Their place of work: industrial plant, hospital, for example, nurses, night watchmen.
- Their place of study, such as the dormitory in the case of students.
Those temporarily absent due to passing circumstances, such as completing academic practice, travel for business or pleasure, work commission.
People who are hospitalized and inmates in a prison, as long as the absence is less than or equal to 3 months, as of the interview date. If on two consecutive visits a person is reported as absent, consider them a non-resident.
Not habitual residents of the home of origin (selected):
Students and workers who normally sleep most of the week in a private home other than the selected home, due to the distance to their workplace or study center
People who have resided for more than three months in a group living arrangement located in the national territory, for example, patients in a hospital, people in jail facing a legal problem, people professing their religious faith. Exclude workers and students.
People who have been living abroad for more than three months without reporting the reasons for their stay: legal provisions, academic or religious training, work, etc.
People who arrived at the selected home with the intention of remaining only for a time while they resolve a contingency in their own home or in their household. For example, during a flood or earthquake risk, problems with public safety or a personal conflict.
If they are still residing in the home at the next interview, check their residence status asking if they intend to continue living in that home permanently or for at least three more months; if so, consider them residents, otherwise no.
[p.99]
Habitual residents:
People who are present at the time of the interview because they have no other fixed place to live: elderly or children of divorced parents who are temporarily living in different homes.
Guests or tenants (that is, people who pay for the service of lodging and food, or only for the first).
Domestic workers and their families who live in the same home as their employers, sleep and prepare their meals.
Not habitual residents of the home of origin (selected):
Permanently absent. People who have been living somewhere else permanently, regardless of the time that has passed since they left or the reason: school, work, marriage, divorce, etc.
People with a residence for more than three months in an unknown location. If a person has left the selected home more than three months ago, counted from the moment they left, and it is not known if they live in a private or a group living arrangement, do not count them as a resident of the (selected) home.
Sequence to follow. If only one person resides in the home, enter the indicated amount (01); and do not ask question number two so it doesn't sound out of context, but do not leave it blank for any reason, in these cases always assign the response option 1 in question 2. If two or more people reside in the home, continue with the normal interview, that is, read the questions that follow.
Question 2
This question is asked in each interview in homes where more than one person reside, to find out how many of them form independent households.
Household. A group made up of two or more people who habitually reside in the same home, and are sustained by common expenses, principally to provide food, and may or may not be related.
One-person household. Person who does not share grocery expenses with other person(s)
constitutes an independent household.
In accordance with the foregoing, there will be as many households in the home as groups of people who are sharing grocery expenses.
[p.100]
Conceptual clarifications:
Criterion of the common pot in the conformation of households. Based on the way in which they decided to organize themselves, implicitly or explicitly, the residents of a home, with or without familial bonds, may be sharing, in addition to grocery expenses, the payment of services such as rent for the home, water, electricity, telephone, etc.; however, the sole criterion to define the presence of one or more households is the fact of sharing grocery expenses, a situation that may occur weekly or only a few days of it, but habitually.
Instructions:
- Household with live-in domestic workers. If the owner's household and their domestic workers (with or without their families) habitually reside in the same home, such that both groups of people share the same space, for merely operational purposes you should count them all as part of the same household. Exclude workers from the employer's household questionnaire if they reside on the same property, but in an home independent from that of the latter.
- Home with guests. There are two classes of households with guests which can be detected when obtaining the information; these are counted as part of the household that provides them lodging services or not according to the following:
- Households with guests. Include them in the same questionnaire as the household that provides them the lodging services only if they also pay for food services. In this case the presence of up to five guests is permitted; if there are six or more guests, consider it a group living arrangement.
- Households with guests. Enter them as independent households if they only pay for lodging services and not for food. Remember that for the survey, the selected homes will only be subject to interview if a maximum of six households reside in them: five households of guests plus the household of the person providing them lodging.
- Sequence to follow. When in any interview from the second to the fifth you detect that household one no longer resides in the home, but it is still inhabited by other person(s), update the information from the questions in this section in the sociodemographic questionnaire of the household with the lower number.
- If only one household resides in the home (code 1), go to question 4; if more than one household resides there (code 2), continue to question 3.
[p.101]
Question 3
This question is asked in each interview to learn the number of households that habitually reside in the homes.
Conceptual clarifications
Don't forget that there will be as may households in a home as groups of people who are sharing grocery expenses.
Remember that if a maximum of up to six households reside in a home, including the main one, regardless of the type of household conformed inside it (household made up of only one couple with or without children; this type of household plus other relatives or non-relatives), you should consider it a private home, that is, subject to interview.
If seven or more households reside in a home, consider it a group living arrangement, in which case you will have to suspend the interview, as it is not subject to study of the survey.
Instructions:
Identification of number of households. To exemplify the way in which the households residing in a home should be counted and the procedure to follow to obtain the information, below is a series of cases on the matter:
[Omitted table]
[p.103]
Question 4
This question is asked in all households of the home to identify those who have domestic service.
Instructions:
[Omitted table]
- Consistent information. If in this question the informant mentions options 2 or 3 and in question 1 said only one person lived there, ask additional questions such as: do the workers you have sleep in this home? depending on the response, correct where necessary.
- Sequence to follow. Once you have identified the main household and the additional ones, before continuing with section vii sociodemographic characteristics, go to headings household no. and household moved of section I. Identification data to enter the respective data. Regardless of the data recorded, continue with question 5.
[p.104]
6.6 Section VI. Comments
In this section, record any type of clarification or recommendation about the field work so the supervisor or interviewer who goes in the next trimester is aware of any situation in particular that could affect the result of the interview.
The data you can enter, for example, includes the date and time at which you can find the informants; if necessary, make an appointment with the informant in advance; if they seem reluctant to provide the information; if there are risks in the area or what the reasons are that the informant refuses to provide the information. For reference, each entry specifies the interview number or period.
[p.105]
6.5 Section VII. Sociodemographic characteristics
In this section, the sociodemographic information of the members of the household in the selected home is obtained. The type of information collected varies based on the different age groups and sex of the people subject to the study, as shown on the following chart:
[Omitted figure]
The preceding topic can be seen on the back of the sociodemographic questionnaire, that is, in the next image:
[Omitted figure]
[p.106]
As you can see, section VII. sociodemographic characteristics includes shaded and unshaded columns; the purpose of this design is to point out the type of questions you will have to ask depending on whether it is the first interview or the second to fifth. Thus, the questions in the unshaded columns are only asked in the first interview, and the shaded questions in subsequent interviews. There is an exception, in the case of the 7 relationship question and in sections VIII. permanently absent and IX. New residents, since, although they are not shaded, they are also updated starting at the second interview.
In the case of relationship, the update is completed only in those cases in which the head of household has left; in sections VIII and IX, only if new residents are detected in the home or when one or more members of the household have left.
It is very important to point out that the rest of the information obtained in the first interview through this questionnaire is not to be corrected for any reason, even when errors are detected in the following interviews; therefore it is very important that if any error is detected during the first interview, it is corrected going back to the field, if necessary.
Below are instructions for filling out the information obtained in the first interview, which includes questions 5 to 19; at the end, the instructions that you will have to follow to obtain the information from the second to the fifth interview are presented.
Question 5
This question is asked to identify all members of the household.
Conceptual clarifications:
Members of the household. People who habitually reside in the same home and are sustained by common expenses, principally for groceries.
Head of household. Member of the household 12 years of age or older that all or most of the informants recognize as such, regardless of whether it is a man or a woman, or if he or she contributes or not to its economic sustenance.
[p.107]
If the informant or informants have questions about who should be recorded as the head of household, help to define it by asking who is responsible for the family income or the person who makes important decisions in the family. If necessary explain that, for the purposes of the survey, one person must be named as head of household.
If the home is inhabited by a household with people who are not related in any way, such as friends, students or workers, making it difficult to determine who is the head of household, ask who of the habitual residents is the owner or responsible for the home or of the oldest. Record the person the informant indicates as the head.
If a person lives alone in the home, record them as the head.
- Order when recording the members of the household. Once you have identified and entered the head of household, ask for the names of the rest of the members. To ensure that no member of the household is omitted, when entering them it is recommended you adopt the following order:
2. Single children, from oldest to youngest. If the single children have children, record the grandchildren after their father or mother.
3. Married children, from oldest to youngest, with their respective spouses and children, from oldest to youngest.
4. Other relatives with their respective spouses and children, if they are residents: siblings, step-siblings, uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews, cousins, grandparents; parents-in-law, sons- and daughters-in-law, godparents, godchildren, etc.
5. Friends with their respective spouses and children, if they are residents.
6. Servants with their respective spouses and children, if they are residents. To identify them, ask: In this household are there domestic workers, nurses or people who care for the members of your household, who live here? Include them at the end of the list of household members.
7. Guests. In order to identify the presence of guests, you can ask: Are there in this household people who pay to sleep here in your home? If the response is yes, you can also ask: In addition to lodging service, do they pay for meals?
[p.108]
Remember to only enter on the same household questionnaire those who pay for lodging services (and at the end of the member list) if they are one-person households; if they have formed households among themselves, on an independent questionnaire.
- How to record the members of the household. The people must be recorded as follows, without skipping any line, regardless of whether there are empty lines at the end. It is extremely important to continue with the sequence of this same questionnaire and the occupation and employment questionnaire.
After you have recorded the last member of the household, draw a red line at the end of the list; the line should cover the entire section VII sociodemographic characteristics. The purpose of this line is to differentiate the number of people entered in the first interview from those that will be recorded in subsequent visits, if new members join the household.
[Omitted figure]
Once you have finished entering all the people who make up the household, in the first interview, ask the rest of the questions, person by person.
[p.109]
- Consistency of the information. Once you have recorded all the members of the household, before continuing with the interview, compare the number of people listed with the number entered in questions 1-4 and 4 in section V. Residents of the home and identification of households. If you detect any inconsistency, explain the situation to the informant and correct where necessary.
- Sequence to follow. Continue with question 7.
Column 6. Residence status
As this section is only used starting with the second interview, the instructions for filling it out appear at the end of those for question 19.
[Omitted figure]
Question 7
The purpose of this question is to learn the family relationships between the head of household and the rest of the people who make up the household.
Relationship. The link or bond that exists between the head of household and members of the household, whether by marriage, blood, adoption, affinity or custom.
[Omitted figure]
[p.110]
Spouse or partner. The spouse of the head of household, regardless of whether the bond that unites them is legal, religious or common-law.
The conjugal partner of the head of household may be declared as a spouse, partner, live-in partner, husband, wife, domestic partner or consort.
Son/daughter. These are the direct blood descendants of the head of household and their spouse
who make up part of the household. Include adopted, taken in or recognized and those who are only the children of the head of household's spouse: stepchildren. As much as possible, when obtaining the information, distinguish direct children from adopted, taken in, recognized, and stepchildren by writing the informant's textual response.
Other relationship. People who make up the household and are relatives of the head of household except spouse and children who are bound to the head by blood, affinity or custom, for example: siblings, step-siblings, parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles, cousins, sons- and daughters-in-law, godparents, godchildren.
No relationship. People who are part of the household and do not have any relationship with the head of household, for example: friends, work or school mates, boyfriend or girlfriend or former spouse.
Guests. Person who habitually resides in the private home and who is not sustained by the same grocery expenses, but does pay remuneration for the lodging, and in some cases for meals and other services.
Domestic worker. Person dedicated to domestic service in the household in exchange for payment in money or in kind. The domestic worker resides in the home, but is not considered a member of the household, since they are related economically and not by parental or caring bonds.
Relative of the domestic worker. Person who is related to the domestic worker.
It is important to indicate that there should only be one head per household, and that this can be a man or a woman.
- Confusing responses. Enter the relationship the informant indicates without questioning it, unless the relationships reported can cause confusion, such as:
[p.111]
- Lover. In this case be especially careful, as it could be a person who does not habitually reside in the selected home. Verify their residence status before recording them as a member of the household.
- Niece of the godmother, son-in-law of the spouse, grandmother of the family, partner, etc., analyze the information together with the informant and determine the bond between them, for example: there is no relationship bond between the godmother's niece and the head of household, therefore you would have to write the words: has no relationship or not related; between the son-in-law of the person recorded as spouse and the head of household, the relationship is the same: son-in-law; the relationship of the grandmother could be (in relation to the head of household) mother or mother-in-law.
- Recording relationship of domestic servants. In the case of domestic workers, enter the name of the job they perform within the household: domestic employee or servant; if they have some relationship with those residing in the home, specify the relationship between them as follows; cook's son, driver's niece, domestic employee's aunt.
- Recording guests. Enter them with the word guest; if any relatives reside with them, record them based on their relationship: children, brother or uncle of the guest, as applicable.
- Double relationship. When the response alludes to two or more relationships, prioritize the closest. Examples: sister and godmother, cousin and brother-in-law, uncle and guardian, nephew and guest, enter the relationships sister, cousin, uncle and nephew, respectively.
- Family and work relationship. If the response alludes to a blood relation or to any other close relationship and to a work relationship, for example: aunt and domestic servant, record the work relationship.
[p.112]
- Unusual relationship. If they report the presence of two spouses of the head of household or a conjugal relationship between people of the same sex, respect the informant's response without questioning it.
- Ambiguous information. Do not accept, for any reason, general or ambiguous responses, such as family, relative or distant relative. Ask additional questions to identify the exact familial bond that unites each resident with the head of household.
- Sequence to follow. Once the relationship of all members of the household is recorded, continue with question 8.
Question 8
The purpose of this question is to learn the composition of the residents by sex.
Sex. Biological condition that distinguishes people as men and women.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Names common to both sexes. If any person has a name that could be used for both sexes, such as Ines, Guadalupe, Abigail, Dolores, and you have a question as to whether it is a man or a woman, do not try to guess, it's best to ask, "Is Ines a man or a woman?"
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the data recorded, continue with question 9.
[p.113]
Question 9
The purpose of this question is to learn the age of the people in years completed at the time of the interview.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- How to record the information. In the case of children under one year old, enter two zeros; if the person is 97 years of age or older, enter 97.
- Age unknown. If the informant does not know or remember the exact age of any member of the household, help them calculate it by asking them to tell you about any event that could be important to them: the date of their marriage, the birth of a child, etc.
If, despite the foregoing, the informant insists they do not know the exact age of any member of the household, ask if they have the birth certificate, voter identification card, driver's license or another document on hand that could contain the date to determine the age; if that is not possible, enter code 98 in the case of people 12 or older, and 99 in the case of children younger than that age.
- Recording the same age for two or more people. When the age of two or more siblings is the same because they are from a multiple birth (twins, triplets), specify the situation in the Comments section.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the response, continue with question 10.
[p.114]
Question 10
The purpose of this question is to learn the date of birth of each of the residents, and to be able to corroborate and update the age.
Instructions:
- Date of birth unknown. If the informant does not know this information, but in the previous question told you how old the person was, calculate the year of birth using that information; don't forget to ask for the birth month and day.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the response, continue with question 11.
Question 11
The purpose of this question is to learn the name of the state or country in which all the residents were born.
Instructions:
[p.115]
-Information unknown. If the informant tells you the name of a town or city, ask in which state in the republic it is located; if the response is that they do not know, enter the name of the town or city, but specify the situation in the comments section. If the response is Mexico or Mexico city, ask them to clarify whether it is federal district or the state of Mexico.
[Omitted figure]
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the response, continue with question 12.
Educational characteristics:
Questions 12 to 17 are asked to members of the household 5 years of age or older, to learn their literacy status, school attendance and maximum level of schooling completed in the National Education System (SEN), including, in addition to the school modality, open and distance learning, and if so, the name of the major studied, the academic background required to study the major and if it was completed.
[Omitted figure]
Question 12
This question is asked to people 5 years of age or older to identify those who can read and write a message and those who cannot.
Know how to read and write a message. Condition that distinguishes the population aged 5 years of age or older who can read and write a brief and simple sentence related to every day life, regardless of the language or tongue in which it is done.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
[p.117]
Consider a person not to know how to read and write if at any time they knew how to do it, but have now forgotten. If the informant responds "a little", "not much", "more or less", ask them: "Can you... read and write a letter?", "Can you...write something that has happened to you?" Enter the information based on the response.
It is important to explain that the level of education has nothing to do with the fact of whether a person knows how to read and write, as they could have learned without going to school; likewise, they could have completed any level of school and currently do not know how to read and write.
Question 13
This question is asked to people 5 years of age or older to learn the highest level and grade or academic year they have completed, regardless of whether or not they know how to read and write.
Level of education. Refers to studies included in the national education system, or its equivalent in the case of studies abroad.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Studies to obtain. Consider the studies completed in public and private schools regardless of the SEN modalities: in person school, semi in person school, open, adult education, special education, televised high-school, televised baccalaureate, video baccalaureate, technical or commercial studies, as well as education received in other countries.
This question consists of two columns, level and year. Below we explain how you should record the response to this question.
[Omitted figure]
[p.118]
Educational level
00. None
Assign this code in the case of a person who:
Has not completed any grade or academic year in any level of the national education system starting with primary school.
Has only taken literacy classes.
01. Preschool
Has completed any grade in preschool or kindergarten. This educational cycle comprises three grades, children at age four attend first and second, children five years old attend third.
02. Primary
Has completed any of the grades included in this level (first to sixth grade).
03. Secondary
Has completed any of the grades included in this level.
This level is divided into general secondary, technical secondary and televised secondary, and is taken once primary education is completed, for three years.
Has declared this academic level has been accredited in the Ceneval.
04. Preparatory or baccalaureate
Has studied at this academic level. Preparatory or baccalaureate are inserted in the intermediate to upper level. This is a level taken immediately after secondary for two or three years.
According to the national education system, there are two modalities of intermediate to upper education, both are classified in this code (04):
1. General baccalaureate or college preparatory.
2. Technological baccalaureate (bivalent).
Characteristics of these studies:
- Baccalaureate schools affiliated with autonomous universities
- State baccalaureate schools
[p.119]
- Baccalaureate study centers
- Private baccalaureate schools, under its own regulations
- Art baccalaureate schools
- Preparatory school of the federal district
- Open preparatory school
- Army military baccalaureate
- Heroic naval military baccalaureate
- Televised baccalaureate
- National college of professional technical education (Conalep) *
- Ceneval. Include in this option those who have a general baccalaureate diploma accredited with the national upper level education assessment center.
- National College of Professional Technical Education (Conalep)
- Centers for Scientific and Technological Studies (Cecytes)
- Technological, Industrial and Services Baccalaureate Centers (Cbits).
- Agricultural Technology Baccalaureate Centers (Cbta).
- Pre-vocational Centers for Scientific and Technological Studies (Cecyt).
- Centers for Technological Studies of the Sea (Cetmar).
- Centers for Technological Studies of Continental Waters (Cetac).
- Forestry Technological Baccalaureate Centers (Cbtf).
05. Teacher training
Those who are studying or studied in a major to work as preschool, primary or secondary teachers, or a specific subject area (Spanish, English, French, math, music) or physical education or special education (to teach people with learning disabilities, hearing impairment, blind, visual impairment, mental deficiency).
The person may be studying or have studied this type of academic training in public or private institutions, such as:
[p.120]
- National Pedagogic University (UPN) or its state representatives.
- Continuing teaching training centers (CAM) through complementary pedagogical studies. This academic plan consists of matching teachers in service who studied a teaching major with a secondary school background, or who only studied at the baccalaureate, so that they acquire the degree of bachelor level teachers.
- Higher Teacher Training College of Mexico (ENSM) or its state representatives.
Exclude from this code majors at the level of graduate's, master's or doctor's degree whose main profile is related to pedagogical training, that is, those assigned to the educational process: conducting research on the process of teaching-learning, evaluation methods, curriculum and educational program design, supervision or administration of educational techniques, among others. This type of studies are classified in codes 07, 08 or 09 (professional, master's or doctor's degree), respectively. Examples of the different majors in teacher training include:
Examples:
- Education sciences
- Educational technology
- Education in psycho-pedagogical assistance
- Educational administration
06. Technical major
Has completed some level of technical major (basic, middle or university) or commercial major, regardless of the requirement for entry: primary, secondary or preparatory. The duration of this type of study can be 1, 2, 3 or even 4 years.
The main characteristics of this type of major is that upon completion of studies, the graduate obtains a degree that allows them to immediately be incorporated into the production or service environment, this is the end of their academic training, so the studies are called terminal, as if the graduate wishes to continue studying at the next level, they must complete secondary, general preparatory or college preparatory, as applicable.
In relation to the latter, there is an exception to the rule: the case of university technical level majors where graduates can terminate their academic training or continue their studies to acquire the graduate degree or engineer degree.
Institutions that provide this type of studies in the country include:
[p.121]
- Technical and Industrial Teaching Centers (Ceti)
- Private business schools
- Private technical schools
- Technological universities
Exclude from this code the technical majors for teachers, as they are classified in option 05 Teacher training, prioritizing the teacher profile.
07. Professional
Has studied at this level. This educational level includes studies completed in universities, technological schools, polytechnic schools and other public and private institutions of upper level education, which require preparatory or baccalaureate for entry.
Exclude diplomas, as these do not grant any academic degree and their academic background and duration are very varied; in this case, obtain the last level and year completed in the National Education System.
08 Master's degree
Has completed studies at this level.
This level includes master's studies and are taken after the professional level has been completed.
Consider that the specialty of physicians, whose duration is at least two years, is equivalent to the level of a master's degree.
09. Doctor's degree
Has completed this academic level.
This level includes doctoral studies and is studied after the level of a master's degree has been completed.
The sub-specialty of physicians is equivalent to the doctorate.
Column to record the grade or year completed
- Grades/years completed at time of the interview. When obtaining the information, only record the grades equivalent to academic year(s).
Exclude grades not completed or those being taken at the time of the interview (even if they only have days to complete it).
Remember that the purpose of this question is to identify the number of grades completed, so you must ask this question even if the information indicated in the previous question indicates that a person does not know how to read and write. The procedure is valid because there are people who knew how to read and write, but
[p.122]
for some reason have lost that ability: due to illness, an accident or they have forgotten due to lack of practice.
The following graph of equivalences will allow you to make the correct conversion to record the information when referring to grades different from academic years.
[Omitted figure]
Example:
Grades that do not equate to an academic year. If the information indicates that a person has not yet completed the equivalent to the first school year at a certain academic level, record the information related to the immediately preceding level.
Example:
- Eduardo is in the first semester of the major in tourism technician with a preparatory academic background. Enter the information as follows: 3 years in preparatory.
- Mariana completed the fifth semester of general baccalaureate. Enter that she completed 2 years at this level.
Pre-school or kindergarten studies. At this academic level, the criteria of completion does not apply, as you must only record the last grade a child attended.
How to obtain information on studies in the INEA. When the information refers to studies completed through the National Institute for Adult Education (INEA), record the code for the level indicated (primary or secondary) and in grades the number 6 or 3, respectively, but only if the studies were completed; otherwise, enter code 9.
How to obtain information on studies in the CONAFE. The National Council for Educational Development (CONAFE) provides preschool, primary and secondary education. Of these studies, only the primary education grades do not correspond to those
[p.123]
taken in the regular system. Therefore, when obtaining the information you should record the number of grades completed according to the levels completed in the CONAFE, according to the following levels of equivalence:
[Omitted figure]
According to this table, consider a person to have completed the first grade in primary education in the regular system, if they say that level I was completed in CONAFE; to have completed the fourth grade if they completed level II, and to have completed sixth grade only if they completed level III.
In the case of preschool and secondary studies, adopt the same criteria as the regular system, considering that they are one-to-one equivalents.
[Omitted figure]
- Accreditation of studies through Ceneval. If a person obtained an academic level through this institution, consider them to have completed the years indicated below according to the academic level:
[Omitted figure]
[p.124]
- Studies completed abroad. If you have questions about the equivalence of levels and academic grades of the United States education system with those of Mexico, consider the following table of equivalences:
[Omitted figure]
- Information that could be illogical. If the information provided appears illogical, for example, that a person has completed a grade or level much higher than matches their age, check the veracity of the data with the informant. If they are correct, write an explanatory note in the comments section.
- Data unknown. When either or both of the data (level or grade completed) are unknown, enter nines in the respective fields.
- Sequence to follow. If you recorded in the level column any of the codes from 00 to 04 or 99, go to question 17; if you recorded any of the codes from 05 to 09, continue with question 14.
Question 14
The purpose of this question is to learn the name of major the people studied, in order to be able to classify them, according to the discipline.
[Omitted figure]
[p.125]
When the name of the major is uncommon, ask where it is or was studied, the duration of the major and its profile, to facilitate its classification. Record this information in the comments section.
- Generic name. Do not record generic names like "business", "bachelor", "teacher", "engineer" or "doctor". Ask additional questions, in order to find out the exact name of the major.
Keep in mind that the generic names are very ambiguous. For example, the word bachelor may refer to a person who studies or studied a major in a specific area or to refer to the professional level; in the case of the word doctor, it may also allude to two different professions; to those who completed studies at the level of a master's degree and to those who study or studied to practice medical care.
- Descriptions of military studies. In the case of this information, check with the informant that it is a major and not a rank achieved within the military.
- Sequence to follow. If you recorded any technical, professional or teacher training major, continue with question 15; if you recorded any major at the master or doctoral level, go to question 16.
Question 15
The purpose of this question is to learn the academic background of people who declared they had studied any major.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
In the case of those who completed the complementary pedagogical studies to take teacher training studies at the graduate's level,
[Omitted figure]
[p.127]
- Professional level studies. If the academic background for studies at the graduate's level is the technical professional level or the pedagogic level (in the case of teacher training studies), enter code 3, that is, consider it preparatory or equivalent.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of information entered, continue with question 16.
Question 16
The purpose of this question is to learn whether all people who stated they study or have studied any technical, professional, teacher training, master or doctoral major completed their studies.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarification:
Completing studies. For the survey, completing studies means having completed the curriculum for the major, even if they have not received a degree.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option recorded, continue with question 17.
Question 17
This question is asked in each interview to all members of the household aged 5 years or older to learn whether they attend school.
[Omitted figure]
[p.127]
School attendance status. Distinguish people aged 5 years or older based on whether or not they attend any academic teaching establishment of the National Education System (SEN) at any academic level, from preschool through doctorate.
Instructions:
- Consider a person to attend school if:
They are enrolled in any teaching center at any academic level, from preschool through doctorate, even if at the moment they are not going in because they are on vacation, the academic year has not yet started, or because the institution is on strike, student or labor stoppage.
They are not going to school due to health problems, but is enrolled and has the intention of returning once they recover.
Is enrolled in the open education system, such that they are going to school for counseling on a regular basis.
- Consider a person to not attend school if:
They attend counseling to complete their professional thesis.
They attend a job training center, for example for industry (CECATI), construction (ICIC), the State Employment Service or facilities owned by the company where they work.
They take a course in dressmaking, beautician, handicrafts, music, yoga, etc. for fun, hobby or personal growth.
They are taking any diploma program.
- Sequence to follow. If the person is younger than 12 years old, end the interview for this person; if the person is a woman and older than 12 years old, continue with question 18; if the persona is a man and older than 12 years old, go to question 19.
[p.128]
Question 18
This question is asked to women 12 years or older to identify the total number of live-born children they have had.
[Omitted figure]
Children born alive. Product of the woman's pregnancy that, upon leaving the mother's womb, presented any signs of life, such as breathing, crying or movement, even if the infant died immediately thereafter.
Instructions:
- Total number of children. Ask for the total number of children born alive to which she has given birth at the time of the interview, even if they no longer reside in the home or have died. If necessary, tell her to exclude counting adopted children and stepchildren.
[p.129]
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of information entered, continue with question 19.
Question 19
This question is asked to members of the household aged 12 years or older to learn their marital status.
[Omitted figure]
Marital status. Status of people aged 12 years or older in relation to rights, legal and customary obligations with respect to the union with another person.
Instructions:
- Verification of data. If the information indicates that any of the members lives in a common-law union or is married, but the spouse was not reported in the relationship of people, verify the situation with the informant.
[p.130]
- Definition of each concept. Keep the following definitions in mind to adequately obtain the information:
Option no.
1. Do you live with your partner in common-law union?
In this option classify:
People who live as a couple without legalizing or formalizing their union civilly or religiously.
2. Are you separated?
Married people who no longer live with their partner, but have not divorced.
Those who lived in common-law union, but currently do not live with the other person, nor have they remarried or united.
3. Are you divorced?
Those who separated from their partner through the legal route and currently do not live with another partner, and have not entered into a new marriage.
4. Are you widowed?
People whose partner has died and they have not married again nor do they live in a common-law union with another person.
5. Are you married?
Those who are bound to another person though a legal and/or religious process.
6. Are you single?
People who have never been legally or religiously married nor have they lived in a common-law union.
Sequence to follow. If it is the first interview, go to the section called "Informant" to record the respective information; if it is the second to fifth, and you recorded permanent absences or new members, go to the respective section.
Updating data in the sociodemographic questionnaire:
From the second to fifth interview, as you know, nearly all information obtained through this questionnaire is updated, taking into consideration that from one trimester to another the results of the interview, the inhabitation status of the home, number of households that inhabit it and the sociodemographic characteristics of the members may change, and when a different interviewer visits for each interview to guaranty the quality of the information.
Generally, the criteria to obtain the information on this questionnaire after the first interview are practically the same as those used in the first, with the exception of the sections cited below in the section Sociodemographic characteristics, where it is appropriate to make some clarifications:
6. Residence status
7. Relationship.
9a. Age
17. School attendance
VIII. Permanently absent
IX. New residents
[p.131]
Since the sociodemographic section is somewhat extensive and not all of it is subject to update, the design of the questionnaire allows you to distinguish, by means of shaded columns, that information that is subject to update.
Before continuing, it is worth noting that, you should not correct, for any reason, the information recorded in a prior interview even if you detect that the interviewer who visited previously made serious mistakes, for example, obtaining the incorrect age, as this means it will not be possible to ask the questions in other sections. For example: if a person is recorded as being 4 years old, when it should have been 5, or is recorded as being 11, when it should have been 12, in which case you could not obtain information on the number of children a woman had and the marital status, and the information on the occupation and employment questionnaire. This is why it is important to correctly obtain the information in the first interview.
Below are the instructions to follow to update the sociodemographic information.
Part 6 Residence status
This section applies from the second to the fifth interview, to determine the residence status of the people recorded as residents in the previous visit.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
New members of the household. People who:
- Were omitted in a prior interview.
- Returned to the household.
Instructions:
- Procedure to follow for those who are still members of the household. Enter code 1 and update their information. Follow the same procedure person by person, in the order they appear, until you have finished verifying the residence status of all the people recorded.
[p.132]
[Omitted figure]
- Procedure to identify new residents. Once you have finished updating the information of those who are still part of the household and those who left, return to column 6 of section VII and read the following question to the informant:
Is there anyone else who lives here and is part of this household?
Yes, there are new residents. If the response is yes, ask how many people there are. Write the name of each new member in the column list of persons, on the corresponding line, and in column 6, according to the interview number, assign them code 3 new resident, and ask the rest of the questions from section vii sociodemographic characteristics; finally, go to section ix to identify the reason and place of origin.
[p.133]
It is important to note that code 3 new resident is only used the first time the presence of a new resident is detected; in subsequent interviews, if they continue to live there, use code 1.
People who have returned to the home to rejoin the household in question again are also treated as new residents. Record them on a new line and in column 6, in the respective visit, write code 3.
[Omitted figure]
[p.134]
In the preceding example, it is evident that the household was integrated into the home on the third interview, and in the fourth there were two migratory movements (line 04 left and 06 arrived), which is why the section Interview number (question 6) only contains information in columns four and five.
Question 7
Relationship update. The update of this question only applies in those cases in which you have detected that the person recorded as head of household is no longer in that role as they are no longer a member of the household. In this situation you will have to find out who is the new head of household and redefine the relationship with the rest of the members in relation to them.
Note that if it is another member, the relationship does not change.
If an informant refuses to recognize another person as the head of household replacing the one who left, tell them that for the questionnaire there cannot be households without a head, so
[p.135]
it is very important to again identify another person as the head. Accordingly, you will have to update the relationship as many times as you detect that a head is no longer a member of the household.
Don't forget that the head of household can be a man or a woman, and may or may not be the person who supports the household financially, and may even be a person who has recently become a member of the household. If necessary, help define it. Respect the informant's response.
Instructions:
- Procedure to update relationship:
- Enter code 2 "non-resident" in the section residence status in the column for the respective interview for the person who is no longer the head of household. Remember this same code is used to report all people who are no longer members of the household.
- Draw a line through the word "head" to cancel it and erase the relationship with the rest of the people who are still part of the household.
- If you detect that before or during the interview, in addition to the head, other members of the household have left, identify the status of permanently absent for the latter, canceling the relationship recorded. In this case it is not appropriate to erase the relationship of those permanently absent, just limit yourself to canceling them.
- Write the word "head" on the line that identifies the new person considered as such.
- Write the new relationship of the rest of the members of the household in relation to the new head.
- Continue with the normal update for the rest of the members of the household, and with the collection of information from section VIII. Permanently absent of the person who is no longer head of household.
[p.136]
[Omitted table]
- Second interview. Cancel the word "head" and the respective relationship with the person(s) who are no longer members of the household and erase the relationship of the rest of the persons who are still part of the household.
[Omitted table]
[p.137]
Once you have identified the person who will assume the role of new head, write the word "head" in the relationship column and on the corresponding line, and define the relationship with the rest of the members of the household in relation to them. This is how the relationship and other data would look in this situation:
[Omitted table]
Note that the relationship of the people who are part of the household changed and that of Orlando remains the same, but canceled.
- Enter the name of the new member(s) on the corresponding progressive line number. Consider all those people who have joined the household for the first time to be new members, but also, without exception, all those who have returned.
- Write code 3 new resident in the section residence status, in the column for the respective interview.
- In the column relationship and on the respective line, write the corresponding relationship in relation to the person who assumed the role of head of household. It doesn't matter if the person reported as a new member was once head of the household, as now their relationship will be defined in relation to the person who assumed the role of head in said household.
- Continue with the update for the rest of the members of the household and obtain the information on the new members.
[p.138]
[Omitted table]
- Third interview. When the head leaves, cancel the word "head" and erase the relationship of the other members of the household:
[Omitted table]
[p.139]
[Omitted figure]
- Fifth interview. If the original head returns, record their relationship in relation to the head defined as such on the visit in which they have returned.
[Omitted figure]
[p.140]
Question 9a
The update of this information is valuable, as it allows you to in turn update the information in two universes: that of the population of 5 and that of 12 years of age or older. In the case of the former, it allows you to inquire whether they know how to read and write; in the latter, whether they have given birth to live children (in the case of women) and their marital status, in the case of men and women; it also allows you to identify the population aged 12 years or older, to which the OEQ will be applied.
[Omitted figure]
- The interviewee has become one year older before the week the survey is conducted. In this case, enter the new age in red. If, when conducting the interview, you corroborate that the person has effectively reached another age, leave the number written in red.
- The interviewee is going to become one year older during the week the survey is conducted. Record the new age in pencil. If when conducting the interview you corroborate that the person had a birthday or has a birthday on that day, erase the data and rewrite it in red; if the person has not yet passed their birthday, leave the number written in pencil.
- Exact age unknown. Four situations may occur in this regard:
2. The exact day on which the interviewee was born is unknown. If an informant says they know the rest of the data: age, month and year of birth of an interviewee, but does not know the exact day they were born, consider another birthday to have passed if you are conducting the interview in the month in which they should have a birthday.
3. The month of birth is unknown. If the response indicates that only the month of birth is unknown, consider the person to whom the data applies to have passed another birthday only if one year has passed between the first
[p.141]
4. The informant does not know the age or date of birth. If when updating the information you find that the codes recorded in the first interview indicated that the informant did not know the two pieces of information, and still does not know them, ask if the person is older or younger than 12 years of age. Enter the code based on the response.
- Sequence for children over five years of age. Go to question 12 to find out if they know how to read and write a message, and then continue to question 17 to know if they are attending school. End the interview here for these people.
- Sequence for women over twelve years of age. Once the age is updated, go to question 17 to know if they attend school, then to question 18 (number of children) and, finally, to 19 (marital status), where the interview concludes in regard to the sociodemographic questionnaire; then, continue filling out the occupation and employment questionnaire.
- Sequence for men over twelve years of age. Once the age is updated, go to question 17 to inquire about their school attendance and then to question 19 to learn their marital status; now continue filling out the OEQ.
Question 17
To update the information, proceed as in the first interview, that is, enter the code according to the informant's response in the respective interview.
[p.142]
6.8 Section VIII. Permanently absent
The purpose of this question is to find out the main reason why a person left.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Before asking the question, enter the line number of the person who left. If there are not enough lines to record all the people who left, use another sociodemographic questionnaire to record them.
Response option
01 Work
In this option classify:
People whose main reason for leaving the household was because they had found a better job or wanted to find one or improve their work status, which was only possible in another location.
02 Education
People who have left the household because the campus where they went to school was in another place, such that they had to change their place of residence.
03 Married or common-law
People who left as members of the household to establish a conjugal relationship and left the selected home.
04 Separated or divorced
Those who have left the household because their conjugal relationship has been broken.
05 Health problems
People who have had to leave the household to go live in another location to address their own health problems, or simply because they decided to isolate themselves due to the illness they suffer. Includes illnesses such as drug addiction, alcoholism.
[p.143]
06 Reunite with family
People who have left the household in question, because they had to go live with the rest of the family.
Includes cases in which a person left because they were adopted or taken in by another household, regardless of the reason.
07 Public insecurity
The members of the household left it because they considered the home or environment in which they lived to be unsafe or toxic for their personal and social development: assault, robbery, kidnapping, gangs, drug addiction; environmental contamination, the presence of natural or man-made disasters, etc.
08 Death
People who have ceased to be members of the household for this reason.
09 Other reason
Those who have left the household because they have their own home, either because they bought it or because they rented one.
Single people or those who, when forming their own household, decided to leave the household of which they were a member when they decided to live independently.
People of advanced age who have left the household because they decided to go to a nursing home or another person's home and even those who have been sent by a third party to this type of establishment or to another place.
People who had personal problems with any or all of the members of the household, for example, people who left the household because they experienced aggression inside or outside of their household. For example, a child who decided to escape the home because they were mistreated by their parents.
Exclude from this option those cases in which the reason for having left the household was a marital conflict, as this is classified in option 04.
People who had to leave the home due to problems in their community, for example, a young person who committed a robbery in his neighborhood and had to flee.
When assigning this code, you will have to specify the reason on the line provided for that purpose.
Question 21
The purpose of this question is to find out where the person reported as permanently absent from the home has gone.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
Those who went to another place, but within the same federal entity.
Also applies to those who responded right here. For example, those who married and continue to live in the same selected home, but now form part of another household.
2. Other state
If the person responds that they went to another state of the Mexican Republic.
3. Another country
If the person went to another country.
[Omitted figure]
[p.145]
Question 22
The purpose of this question is to find out the main reason why a person arrived.
Instructions:
- Before asking the question, enter the line number of the person who arrived. If there are not enough lines to record all the people who arrived, use another questionnaire to record them.
Response option
01 Work
In this option classify:
People whose main reason for joining the household was to find a job or to improve their work status, which was only possible in another location.
02 Education
People who have joined the household because the campus where they went to school was in another place, such that they had to change their place of residence.
03 Married or common-law
The people joined the household when they established a conjugal relationship with one of the residents of the selected home.
04 Separated or divorced
Those who joined the household did so after breaking their conjugal relationship.
05 Health problems
People who have arrived in the household with the intention of addressing health problems.
06 Reunite with family
People who have joined the household because they decided to be with the rest of their family.
Includes cases of adoption.
[p.146]
07 Public insecurity
The members of the household joined it because they considered the home or environment in which they lived to be unsafe or toxic for their personal and social development: assault, robbery, kidnapping, gangs, drug addiction; environmental contamination, the presence of natural or man-made disasters, etc.
08 Birth
People who have joined the household for this reason.
09 Was omitted
Those who were not entered as members of the household one or more prior interviews due to error.
Before recording the person as omitted, be sure it is really an omission, by asking when the person arrived. Compare the date of the interview against the date of the trimester in which they were supposedly omitted, as it could be a new resident.
10 Other reason
Those who have joined the household for reasons other than those considered in the preceding options: the spouse did not want to leave the paternal home, a person of advanced age or a sick person who had no one to care for them in their home of origin.
Those who have left another household after having suffered or committed acts of violence against the members of that home, which is why they joined this one.
Those who have joined this household after losing or not having their own home, either because they recently formed a family, their financial situation did not allow them to pay, at least, the rent for their own place to live.
When assigning this code, you will have to specify the reason on the line provided for that purpose.
[p.147]
Question 23
The purpose of this question is to find out where the new residents came from.
Instructions:
- Regardless of the code entered:
- If the person is aged 12 or older and is a member of the household, continue with the OEQ.
[p.148]
6.10 Section X. Comments
This section is used to specify information related to the sociodemographic questionnaire.
[Omitted figures]
Instructions:
- Identification of the number of questionnaires used. Once you have finished obtaining the information for all members of the household, on the heading questionnaire of questionnaires, which appears in the upper right margin of the cover page, enter how many questionnaires you used per household: if you only used one questionnaire in a household enter: questionnaire 1 of 1; if you used two, on the first questionnaire enter: questionnaire 1 of 2 questionnaires; and on the second enter: questionnaire 2 of 2 questionnaires.
[p.149]
- For those cases in which an interview was mediated by an interpreter, consider it responded by the household member(s) who responded, thus, record the line number of the adequate informant or code 97 if more than one person participated in the interview.
- Record code 99 when, in exceptional circumstances, a direct family member, but not a member of the household, has provided the information because there was no member of that household in the selected home who was in a condition to be able to respond the interview because of physical or mental health problems or because they were elderly.
[p.150]
7. Occupation and employment questionnaire
The following section provides the specific instructions for filling out the Occupation and Employment Questionnaire (OEQ). First, it is worth stating that the survey has two versions of this questionnaire: basic and extended. The basic version is made up of nine sets of questions, while the extended version is made up of a total of eleven sets of questions. Both versions of the OEQ have essentially the same questions, in fact the basic version is derived from the extended one. The only difference between them is the number of questions.
The extended version is only filled out during the first trimester of each year and the basic version the remaining trimesters. When applying the basic version, it is used to fill out what the INEGI has called special modules. The modules are questionnaires applied to a sub-sample of one survey in particular; the modules delve more deeply into a specific subject. In the case of the ENOE, for example, we have been able to gain insight into subjects such as employment and social security; education; training and employment; child labor; availability and use of information technologies in the households; among others.
The number of sets of questions and types of questions included in each subject varies based on the person's occupational category, but something that is consistent among all of them, is the fact that the information requested focuses on what happened during the reference period (week prior to the interview). With this information, we seek to take a "photograph" of the economic activity conditions of the population.
7.1 Filling out the cover page
The cover page contains information that allows to:
- Identify the person who provides the information.
The headings you should fill out in this part of the questionnaire are:
[Omitted figure]
[p.151]
- Transcribe this data directly from the identification data on the sociodemographic questionnaire. transcribe from the sociodemographic questionnaire.
[Omitted figure]
- Enter the line number of the person who gave you the information of the OEQ.
- If the person to whom the data corresponds participates in the interview, assign their line number even if other people have participated.
- If several informants participate in an interview but not the person to whom the data corresponds, assign code 97.
- In exceptional situations in which the informant is not a member of the household, enter code 99. For example, the son visiting his elderly parents, who are not in a condition to respond the interview.
- Record any type of explanatory note in order to explain any questions related to the quality of information obtained.
[Omitted figure]
[p.152]
7.2 General considerations
Before addressing the criteria and specific instructions for filling out the Occupational and Employment Questionnaire (OEQ), you should understand the main groups into which the information compiled in this questionnaire is classified. The next summary table shows these classifications:
[Omitted figure]
When obtaining information about the population's economic activities, the survey, for statistical purposes, takes 12 years of age as a minimum, but does not establish a maximum age, as shown in the chart above. Starting with this universe, a basic partition is established, which consists of distinguishing the economically active population from the non-economically active population. The following tables show this distinction more clearly:
[p.153]
Employed population. Refers to people who state that during the week they perform some type of economic activity or have a job. The employed population covers two situations:
- People who are temporarily absent from their job or business, but do maintain an employment connection with it.
- Without work experience.
Non-Economically Active Population, available to work. People who did not work during the reference week, or have a job, or actively seek one, as they thought they did not have an opportunity to find one, but are interested in working. This population may or may not have work experience.
Non-Economically Active Population, not available to work. People who did not work during the reference week, or have a job, or actively seek one, and had no need or interest in working. This population may have work experience or not.
[p.154]
Before continuing, it is worth establishing a clear distinction between what should be understood as economic activity in order to be able to easily identify the individuals who, during the reference period, performed economic activities or non-economic activities.
A person is considered to perform an economic activity only if the activity they perform generates added value and if it contributes to the supply of goods and services, whether public or private, legal or illegal.
In general terms, an economic activity is defined as the set of actions and resources employed by economic units to produce goods and services, whether legal or not, which are exchanged (which implies consent between the parties involved in the transaction) for money or other goods and services.
Service. Characterized by a change in the physical condition of a person, or of goods belonging to an economic entity, as a result of the activity of any other economic entity, with the approval of the first person or economic entity.
The service is the result of one or more man's activities that translate into a good that has no material expression. Services are characterized by being consumed on site, cannot be stored, transported or transferred, and often, are invisible.
Includes the production of corn and/or beans exclusively for one's own consumption, and the combination of this type of production with raising and exploitation of backyard animals, for the same purpose.
Raising backyard animals for the purposes of self-consumption of one's own household is not considered an economic activity.
[p.155]
Economic unit. Entity (institution, company, business or person) dedicated to the production of goods, purchase and sale of merchandise or provision of public and private services.
Non-economic activity. Actions taken to maintain the daily operation of the household and even a community, which involve a series of tasks necessary for the reproduction of the operating conditions of the society, but that are not performed within a framework of transaction between parties.
Disguised begging activities (cleaning windshields, performing on trucks, "swallowing fire", in exchange for a tip) are placed in the context of non-economic activities because, fairly, they are not provided in the framework of supply and demand, that is, a context of negotiation among those offering their service and those who could request them. It is a mere unilateral economic transfer via tips.
The distinction between economic and non-economic activities is explained further below.
Other key concepts are:
[Omitted table]
Filling out the inside of the questionnaire.
This part of the manual was structured as follows: at the beginning of each set of questions, the purpose(s) of the set are indicated in broad terms; then, when addressing the specific instructions by question, the image of the question is presented and on one side, a text that states the universe to which the question applies and its purpose; then, a concept (in italics) and the respective definition may appear (only in those cases in which it is considered appropriate to designate its meaning).
There is also a section called conceptual clarifications, through which a series of clarifications are made that will serve as support to understand the purpose and scope of the questions or response options; next there is a section called instructions that contains the instructions for filling out accompanied, in most cases, by examples.
[p.156]
7.3 Set of questions I. Employment status
The purpose of this set of questions is to identify those who worked during the reference period, regardless of the number of jobs performed in case of having more than one, and to determine who, despite not having worked during said period, have one.
Conceptual clarifications
Consider a person to perform an economic activity only if the person worked during the reference week, at least one hour during said period, or if the person did not work during said period, but had a job.
Examples:
- Adrian did not attend his job, but had a leave from ISSSTE to care for one of his children who was sick.
Regardless of the condition of legality or illegality with which an economic unit operates, both are entered, from the perspective of ENOE, within the framework of economic activity.
The following table includes examples of the types of activities considered economic and non-economic, and the pertinent explanation:
Description of economic and non-economic activities:
Type of activity
Circulating religious faith (of any creed)
The activity is economic:
If the "promoter" regularly receives economic remuneration, in cash or in kind, regardless of the amount.
The activity is non-economic:
If the predicant does not receive economic compensation, regardless of the time spent on this activity.
Type of activity
Performing athletic activities independently
The activity is economic:
If the independent athlete (cyclist, marathon runner, boxer) is dedicated to training to participate in sporting events in order to obtain economic income (prize-based), even if during the reference week they have not participated in any or only spent time training.
The activity is non-economic:
If the athlete's goal is other than obtaining economic income as a way of life.
[p.157]
Performing artistic activities independently
Only if the independent artist (engraver, musical composer, sculptor, painter) creates artistic works with the intention of obtaining economic income, even if during the reference week no work has been sold and they have only spent time working on it.
If the person creates artistic works for non-economic purposes.
Paid domestic service: sweeping, mopping, washing dishes, washing and ironing clothes, watering the garden, washing the car.
Performing one's own domestic chores or for another household, as long as economic remuneration is received for doing so.
Performing domestic chores in one's own household or another household without receiving economic remuneration in exchange for doing so.
Care or attention of children, the elderly, sick or disabled
Only if the service is provided to people outside of one's own household, and economic remuneration is received for doing so.
If the service is provided to members of one's own household, or to the members of another household or the community, without receiving payment.
Acting, singing or playing instruments in public spaces (bars, restaurants, public roads)
As long as the singer or musician is the one who usually sets a value for their services.
If the value of the service is determined, via tips, through people who, voluntarily or involuntarily, attend or listen to the acting or performance.
Conducting commercial activities
Regardless of whether it is a legal or illegal activity; or whether or not the economic unit has facilities to conduct such activities.
Activity performed by those who have or say they have a hearing, motor or visual disability, when it is used as a commercial strategy for the distribution of merchandise among the possible customers, accompanied or not by a text indicating that they suffer from any speaking or hearing disability, trying to force the sale of their products: holy cards, candies, books, etc.
It is considered an economic activity since, tacitly, there is an act of negotiation between a merchant and a customer; where the merchant invested economic resources for the development of their business, such that if their clients do not accept the product, they cannot have earnings, but only losses.
Robbery, extortion, fraud and corruption, as these are activities in which one of the parties does not consent.
The sale of marital property (personal or real property) or one's own organs (liver, kidney, blood).
Pawning personal property to obtain income.
[p.158]
Conducting commercial activities
Clandestine activity, such as piracy, drug trafficking, the sale of other people's organs. It is considered an economic activity because there is a market that demands it. The status of legality or illegality is not taken into account.
Self-employed car care in public spaces
If done only in exchange for a tip, even when the person has the permission of the shopping centers, auto service shops, cinemas, theaters. This is the case of "franeleros" (people who guard parked cars for a tip), windshield washers.
These are non-economic activities because they do not occur within the framework of negotiation, although those who perform them believe otherwise because they earn income from doing them. It is merely a unilateral transfer.
Guarding residential or commercial areas
If the services are hired by the users or if the service provider is the person defining its value.
If a person only receives tips for performing these services.
Collecting and selling recyclable materials (cardboard, aluminum, paper, plastic, glass)
Because there are people who demand this type of products. The activity is done, ultimately, in the framework of an economic transaction.
The primary production sector: agriculture, livestock, silviculture, hunting, fishing
Only if performed in order to obtain income.
Backyard agricultural production, agriculture and livestock for barter (exchange) and community agricultural production called "mano vuelta" (labor exchange): today I help you, tomorrow you help me.
The production of corn and beans for the purpose of self-consumption and agriculture and livestock production.
The collection of timber and non-timber products (roots, medicinal herbs, wild fruits, potting soil) to sell. Agriculture and livestock production in general for the purpose of self-consumption, except the production of corn and beans.
Hunting and fishing for recreational purposes or one's own consumption.
Collecting firewood for use in one's own household.
[p.159]
Baggers in self-service shops or supermarkets
This work is considered an economic activity because there is an economic unit backing it.
Regardless of whether their income depends on tips from the customers.
Work by apprentices and trainees
Because they generate value for the economic units to which they contribute. Apprentices are people trained to perform a trade or occupation; trainees are people who expect to be hired by the economic unit to which they contribute. In both cases they work without receiving economic remuneration.
Social service and professional practices
Because they contribute to the creation of goods and services of a productive unit. Regardless of whether or not they receive economic compensation for their performance. The provision of social service and performing professional practice may be carried out during the end of academic training.
Attending training courses through the National Employment System
As long as the course is taken in the facilities of a company or institution. Considered a productive activity because its performance creates value to the benefit of the company while training takes place. Training in educational institution facilities by the state employment service, even when economic remuneration is received.
Construction or major repair of community owned real estate: irrigation dams, roads, clinics, schools, hospitals, parks, wells.
Because these are services that benefit the community by contributing to lengthening the useful life of a construction.
Major repair is understood as the expansion, construction, modification or reconstruction of an architectural space: building a fence, expanding a classroom, constructing a road, kiosk, wall, park, hall.
Major repair is considered an economic activity because the degree of transformation completed to the property is such that the architectural space is modified.
Making minor repairs for the benefit of the community.
Minor repair refers to activities such as painting facades or school benches, repairing electrical installations, water supply networks to community real estate (streets, roads, schools, hospitals, parks). Not considered an economic activity because it only contributes to correcting or conserving the buildings in operating condition.
[p.160]
Participating for free in non-profit organizations providing community services in medical care, personal, legal or psychological services to the population
Not considered an economic activity because it does not create added value which can be measured or quantified.
Self-construction
Building or making major repairs to one's own home in which one resides, only to guaranty the wellbeing of the family.
Organization of savings pool
As long as the organizer makes a profit for performing this activity.
Acting as a "loan shark" or moneylender
As long as they keep track of their business activities.
Limited to expecting the person who owes money to bring it to their address or deposit it in a bank account.
Work as rental agents
Attending a business dedicated to renting personal property, real property or patents.
Dedicated only to waiting for someone to bring them money, the proceeds of rent on a property (home, premises, industrial plant, land) or vehicle.
Studying
Even though the student has an academic grant.
In conclusion, an activity can be considered economic, regardless of its status of legality or illegality, as long as:
- Occurs in an act of negotiation or agreement between the two parties involved: the provider of the goods or services and the person who demands or requests those goods or services.
[Omitted figure]
[p.161]
Throughout the manual, some of the activities listed will be addressed again to delve further into the criteria to follow to obtain the information.
Instructions:
Taking into consideration that the first three questions may seem repetitive to the informant, in exceptional cases, when they have already given you the information, don't ask them verbatim in order to avoid tiring them and risking the interview.
- Last week, did Roberto work for at least one hour?
Response: No
- Last week, did Robert perform an activity that provided income or helped in the lands or business of a family member or another person?
Response: No
- Does Robert have a job, business or conduct any activity for himself?
Response: No
This question is asked of members of the household aged 12 years or older to identify those who performed an economic activity during the reference week.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
A person should be considered to have worked in the reference week only if the person dedicated at least one hour, during that period, to performing an economic activity.
Instructions:
- Reference period. When asking the question, emphasize the text related to the reference week and the minimum time spent (one hour), this is
[p.162]
extremely important because it places the interviewee in the key conditions to define their employment status.
- Consider a person to have worked during the reference period if they state that they went to work at any or all the jobs they have, if they have more than one. Regardless of whether or not they worked in what is considered their main job. Remember that the purpose of this question is to know only if the person worked or not.
Example:
- Trade workers (carpenters, locksmiths, stylists, launderers, barbers and hairdressers, plumbers) and professionals. Consider a person to have worked in the reference period as long as they have an establishment to which they went with the intention of working, even if they did not have any clients.
Examples:
- Alex is a therapist, despite the fact that he opened his office the entire week, he had no patients. He is considered to have worked during the reference week because he has a site to which he went with the intention of working.
Consider them not to have worked if they lack an establishment or site, even if they have stated they were waiting for someone to hire their services by telephone or visiting them where they are (private home or in a public space). As they do not have an establishment, they are cataloged as job seekers, not as employed.
Examples:
- During the reference period, Concepción was waiting at home for someone to call her on the telephone to hire her services as a masseuse, but no one called. She is considered not to have worked in the reference week.
[p.163]
In this situation, go to the next question to determine their status as unemployed or inactive, as applicable.
Additionally, in the case of independent workers, in order to determine whether or not they worked during the reference week, consider the following:
1. They did work if they state they were engaged in performing supplemental or maintenance activities for the optimal development of their economic unit.
Examples:
- The farmer who spent time during the reference week repairing and maintaining his work tools, repairing fences, digging irrigation dams.
- The merchant who only spent time during the reference week remodeling his shop.
- The contract manufacturer (pieceworker) who during the reference period spent time installing the machinery and equipment necessary, after changing his business location.
2. They did not work if they state that their economic unit did not operate during this period and if it did, they remained apart from performing activities related to its operation.
Examples:
- The merchant who during the period spent time exclusively running personal errands.
- The merchant who, while others made repairs to his shop, went on vacation.
Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, go to question 3; if you circle option 2, continue with question 1a.
[p.164]
Question 1a
This question is asked to people who stated they did not work in the reference week, in order to verify that they effectively did not do so and to identify those who did perform a job, but did not considered it as such.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
This question is used to assess cases of those people whose work within the economic unit is not considered even by themselves as productive as they did not receive economic compensation in cash or in kind, even though their participation guarantees its performance. Family workers (the wife and children) are found in this situation, as well as non-family members and trainees.
Payment in kind. Economic compensation through products that can be sold (market exchange) and which are received by some workers as the only form or supplemental form of work.
Apprentices may receive, for their own, exclusive use, compensation in kind that is not marketable, such as food, lodging or training.
[Omitted figure]
Instruction:
[p.165]
Question 1b
This question is asked to those who state they have not worked in the reference week, to find out if they have a job to which they are going to return (temporarily absent from their occupation) or to which they are going to go for the first time (starters).
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Starter. Person who did not have a job in the reference week, but had the expectation of entering or starting one during the week the survey is conducted.
Absent from the occupation. Person who states to have a job, work or own business, but did not go to work during the reference period.
This question identifies:
- People who say they now have one, but they don't have one hundred percent certainty that they are effectively going to be incorporated into it.
In the second case, it doesn't matter if the starter conducted an active search for a job or if a job was offered to them. In both cases, the interviewee's spontaneous response must be respected. The following questions will allow you to corroborate if they effectively have a job or not. This way you will avoid contaminating the sequence of employed people, where a future event could hide the real situation of the employment status of the interviewees during the reference period.
[p.166]
Question 1c
This question is asked to those absent from their job, in order to identify the main reason why they did not work in the reference week.
Instructions:
01. Strike or work stoppage
Those who don't work because they are on strike or in a work stoppage.
Strike or work stoppage Temporary suspension of work carried out by the workers in order to force the economic unit to grant them some economic or labor concession.
02. Technical stoppage
Those who didn't work because the company had a technical stoppage.
Technical stoppage (forced stoppage). Temporary suspension or reduction of the work shift completed under the scope of an agreement between the economic unit and the workers before the governmental authorities.
In the case of a technical stoppage there is the possibility of losing the job source, considering that the economic unit suspends or decreases its operations as it is not in a condition to pay the workers for the full shifts; notwithstanding the foregoing, during the suspension or decrease in the work shift, the workers retain their bond with the economic unit.
03. Temporary suspension of duties (salaried employee)
Those who did not work because the company for which they work temporarily stopped their functions.
Work suspension. Action that establishes an economic unit to temporarily deprive a worker of their duties for various reasons, without breaking the bond between them.
[p.167]
04. Attendance at training courses
Salaried employees who did not attend their workplace, as they normally do, because they are attending a training course to which they were sent by the economic unit for which they work. If an interviewee reports that during the reference period they simultaneously attended a training course and worked (for at least one hour during this period), restart the sequence with question 1, considering that the person did work in the reference week.
Independent workers who did not go to work during the reference period, because they went to a training course.
05. Vacation
People who did not work because they were in this situation at their job.
06. Leave, sick leave or attending to personal matters
People who were temporarily absent form their job for these reasons, regardless of whether or not they had the authorization of the economic unit or the IMSS or ISSSTE.
Women who did not go to work because they were on maternity leave.
07. Lack of a vehicle or machine failure
People who didn't work during the reference week due to vehicle failure, repair or maintenance, or of the machinery or tools used to perform their economic activity, due to electrical problems in the facilities where the economic unit operates, etc.
08. Lack of raw materials, financing or clients
Those who did not work in the reference week due to scarcity or lack of raw materials, merchandise, fuel, financing or loans necessary to perform their economic activity: due to lack of clients or demand for their products or services.
09. Bad weather or natural phenomena
Those people who did not work due to bad weather conditions or natural phenomena including floods, frosts, heavy rains, earthquakes, droughts, etc.
10. End of season of job or cultivation
Those who perform their activity only in some periods or seasons of the year.
11. Will start a new job or business
People who started working on any day of the week the survey is conducted.
People who stated they are about to start working at a job, either because they sought the job previously, were offered work or had been taking the actions necessary to establish their own business.
12. Other reason
People who did not work during the reference week for reasons other than the foregoing: on a sabbatical year, there is a temporary suspension of work activities due to public health problems in the region or the country, etc.
[p.168]
Question 1d
This question is asked to those absent from their job for reasons other than strike, technical stoppage, temporary suspension, attendance at training courses or starting a job, to find out if their labor bond with the economic unit remains in place, through the ongoing receipt of income during their absence.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Temporarily absent from work. Person who, despite not having worked during the reference period (regardless of the reason), states they maintain their labor bond with the economic unit with which a contract was established (oral or written).
Labor bond. The relationship that exists between a worker and an economic unit, as a result of a labor pact or agreement (oral or written), which determines the ongoing payment of income during the absence (regardless of the reason for the absence and the time it lasts) or due to the guaranty that they will return to their job at the end of the contingency that resulted in their absence.
The availability of capital invested in a company or business, in the case of independent workers, does not in itself guaranty the receipt of income during the reference period; this can only be guaranteed by the fact that the business remains in operation despite the absence.
Instructions:
To find out if an economic unit opened its doors during the reference period, despite the owner's absence, ask additional questions such as the following: "Even though you aren't going to work, are there people attending your business?" "While Mr. Luis was on vacation, did anyone open the business?
[p.169]
[p.170]
Question 1e
This question is asked to those absent from their jobs who did not receive income during the absence, to find out when their activity will resume.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
[p.171]
7.4 Battery II. Not employees
The general purpose of this battery of questions is to characterize the not employed population, based on whether or not they are seeking a job and are willing to join one, and to identify if they have work experience.
Question 2
This question is asked to not employed persons to find out if they tried to find a job or start an independent job and to further identify whether the search took place in the country or abroad.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications
Search for work. Actions taken by not employed people to try to obtain a job or start some independent work.
[Omitted figure]
This type of inquiry will allow you to verify whether the person effectively did the work of looking for a job, regardless of the amount of time they spent doing it. Circle the option based on the informant's response.
[Omitted figure]
[p.172]
1. Seeking work in another country or making preparations to cross the border
People who searched for a job or have tried to establish a business in another country.
Those who have made preparations to go to work in the United States or another country, such as having contacted a people smuggler or has communicated with family members or friends to acquire a job or loan them money for that purpose.
People who have gone to any government agency to receive guidance or support to work in another country.
If necessary, explain to the informant that the purpose of this question in particular is to identify the population that is willing to change their current residence to another country to be able to work.
2. Seeking work in another country
Those who looked for a job in the interior of the country.
3. Starting a business or performing an activity on their own without having started yet ·
People who went to a government agency to complete the process necessary to establish a business.
People who conducted activities such as investigating the price of the raw materials or merchandise, sought or renovated a site, or requested loans, with an eye toward starting a business or independent activity.
4. Have not tried to look for a job
Those who did not take any specific search action.
[p.173]
Questions 2a and 2b
The two questions are asked to people who stated they had sought work to verify their search status, as of the time they started and concluded it.
[Omitted figures]
Unemployed. People who, while not employed during the reference week, actively sought to join some economic activity in the period of the last month through the date of the interview.
Conceptual clarification:
It should be explained that even when the unemployed population is not participating in the generation of goods and services, when classifying, it is considered within the economically active population due to the actions that were undertaken to seek work. Unemployment indicates the volume of the population that behaves as work seekers (pressuring the labor market) in the face of a deficit of opportunities.
[p.174]
- How to record the information. In both questions, enter two digits for the day, one digit for the week, two digits for the month, and four digits for the year. If you enter a specific day, leave the space for the week blank. Enter nines in the fields for which the informant does not know specific dates.
Examples:
[Omitted figures]
- Consistency of dates. Check the consistency of the date in both questions, as the date in question 2a should be before or the same as that entered in question 2b, as it is not logical, for example, that a person has started to look for work in December and completed their last search in November of the same year.
- Record of the date in question 2a. In this question, enter the date on which the interviewee began to look for work, regardless of the number and type of search strategies used.
- Record of the date in the question 2b. Here, record the date of the last time the person looked for work. This date may be the same as the day of the interview.
- Classification of the information. Identify how much time has passed between the date of the last time the person looked for work and the date of the interview. Classify according to the time lapsed. In order to guaranty a precise count of the time lapsed, we recommend you use a calendar.
The emphasis made on correctly identifying the time lapsed between the last time the person looked for work and the interview is because it will allow you to discriminate two very important paths: that of people not economically active and that of the unemployed.
[p.175]
1. Elmer began to look for work on January 25, 2010 and at the time of the interview (November 24), he continued looking (went to a factory). since he began to look for work he only stopped looking for about three weeks (October 4-23), but started again on October 25.
[Omitted figures]
As you can see in this graph, according to the example above, the data obtained in question 2b should be classified in option 1 (up to one month), because exactly one month lapsed between the day the interviewee last looked for work and the day of the interview.
2. Victoria started to look for work in the middle of December 2009 and stopped doing so for 3 months, then restarted in April 20; the search was again suspended on August 6, and since then, on October 9, the date of the interview, she had not yet tried to look for work.
[p.176]
[Omitted figures]
3. Ismael began the process to start his business on February 2, 2010 and then began to look for the necessary supplies and the site. These activities were suspended on April 5-10 when his mother became ill, then he continued the process remaining to open his business. On April 23, at the time of the interview, all that remained to be done was to install electricity to begin to work.
According to the preceding data, the information recorded here would be: In question 2a you should enter February 2, 2010 and in 2b, April 23.
[Omitted figures]
Note of caution
[Omitted figure]
[p.177]
- Verification of ongoing search. In order to corroborate that the search has been ongoing, ask additional questions such as: "Since Luisa started looking for work until the date you told me she stopped, did she stop this search for two or more weeks? If the response is yes, verify the date of the interruption and the date she started again. In question 2a, record the restart date and in 2b, the conclusion date.
Example:
- The interviewee began to look for work on June 19, 2008 and conducted the last search on July 17, although it was interrupted from June 14 to July 5, restarting on July 6. The interview took place on August 16 of the same year.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2 or 3 for question 2b, continue to question 2c; if you circle option 4 or 9, go to question 2e.
Question 2c
This question is asked of those who declared that their last search for work took place within a period of not more than three months before the interview. The purpose of the question is to find out the availability of this population to have started working during the reference week.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Population available to work. People who did not work during the reference week nor did they have a job, but they are interested in working.
[p.178]
"The question is asked to verify that (state the person's name) has effectively been willing to start a job, because there are people who despite actively looking for a one, could have changed their mind or experienced some unforeseen circumstance that has made their availability status to change."
Examples:
- A woman who was looking for work, but is no longer available because she has realized she is pregnant.
In conclusion: Despite having actively looked for work, a person may say they were not in a condition to start a job in the same reference period for different reasons.
- Available to work. Circle option 1 if the interviewee was available to start a job during the reference week. In this case, continue with question 2d.
- Not available to work. Circle option 2 if the interviewee says they really were not in a condition to start the job they were seeking in the reference period. In this situation, go to question 2e.
- Availability is unknown. Circle option 9 if the informant says they do not know if the interviewee really is available to work during the reference week, and then go to question 2e.
[p.179]
Question 2d
These questions are asked to those who looked for work during the last three months and were available to work in the reference week, in order to find out the specific activities they performed to find work.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
01. Went directly to the workplace (factory, store, workshop)
People who go personally to interview with the employer to submit applications in work centers: factories, stores, workshops, government agencies, etc.
02. Completed processes in a private job bank or employment agency
People who submitted job applications in employment agencies, job banks or private labor offices.
Employment agency or job bank. Economic unit dedicated to recruiting, selecting and providing staff to other economic units.
Exclude those who go to job banks of academic institutions, as this is classified in option 11. They are not classified here because their function is not the same as a job placement agency.
Exclude those who go to government job banks, as these are classified in option 03.
[p.180]
03. Completed processes in a public job placement service
Those who have gone to any of the government job placement programs at any level: federal, state or municipal.
National Employment Service. Permanent program of the federal government which through state governments promotes a real bond between the production sectors, bodies of government and the economically active population; to that effect it facilitates and contributes to the formation of productive and quality labor, drives self-employment programs and local job initiatives, mainly in marginalized and suburban areas.
Job fair. Event, generally organized by order of government, which brings together in the same physical or virtual space companies that require personnel and the population seeking to be placed in a job. Job applicants must register in advance and, during the event, submit their resume or interview with representatives of the participating companies.
National Employment Service Website. Electronic job bank service on the Internet on which companies publish their job vacancies and the applicants record their personal information and job profile. This way, both can consult this information and contact the candidates of interest.
Temporary agricultural worker program. Alternative employment in Canada by means of a temporary contract. This program is generally coordinated by the Coespo.
04. Completed processes in any temporary government employment program (federal, state or municipal)
Person who has sought work through this type of employment programs.
Temporary government employment program. Project intended to operate in periods with less demand for unqualified labor in marginal zones and to address situations which, without being natural disasters, have a negative impact on production activities in the rural population in extreme poverty, in order to create opportunities for economic income.
05. Completed processes or conducted any activity to start a business on their own
People who tried to start their own business.
Examples:
- Go in to apply for financing from any government or private institution to establish a business or company.
- Buy or investigate market prices of raw materials, tools, machinery, etc.
[p.181]
05. Completed processes or conducted any activity to start a business on their own
Renovate a site to place a business.
Request loans from a bank, other lending institutions, such as savings banks or private entities.
06. Placed or answered an ad on the Internet
People who consulted the Internet to seek employment, whether they have sought job offers or placed an ad to offer their services.
Exclude those who sought work on Chambanet, as these are classified in option 03.
07. Placed or answered an ad in any public place or means of communication (newspaper, radio)
Those who actively placed or answered an ad for employment, published through any means of communication: posters, facades, newspapers, radio, television, flyers, etc.
To check this option, it is very important that the job seeker has not been limited to considering job offers as a mere observer, but rather has taken specific search actions, such as going in person or establishing contact on the Internet or by telephone to request information on a specific job.
08. Went to a labor organization or union
People who go in to a labor or union organization (such as the open-air markets union) to serve as an intermediary in finding a job.
- Labor organization. Association, generally of workers, established for the improvement and defense of their interests.
There are different types of labor organizations: unions (with a same specialty, trade or profession) and corporate (which provide services in a single economic entity).
09. Asked acquaintances or family members to recommend or advise them of some job
People who have gone to acquaintances, friends, former employers or family members to get recommendations for a job or to be advised whether they know of any job offers.
10. Only consulted the classified ads
People who were only limited to consulting employment ads in the newspapers, without having taken specific search actions, such as calling or going to the company or institution offering the job.
11. Other activity
Those who conducted search activities other than those mentioned in the preceding options.
[p.182]
Question 2e
This question is asked to those who are not economically active, to find out what do they do and what is the condition of non-economic activity.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications
Note that this question identifies the normal or habitual activity to which an unemployed person is dedicated, at least up to the reference week, not to the type of work the person started to undertake during the week the survey is conducted or which they will undertake in the future, therefore, do not accept responses such as: going to go look for work, wants to study, going on a pension, already started to work this week; in this case ask on what their time was spent, or what they did the week before the interview: homemaker, student, permanently disabled for work, marginal worker.
Instructions:
- If in the course of the interview, you detect that in the informant's judgment, a person resides in the home who has some physical or mental disability that prevents them from working for the rest of their life, do not read this question, as it could sound aggressive or hurt their feelings. Record the information according to what the interviewee says.
- In this question you can only circle one of the options, so if the informant says more than one, circle the one that appears first in the question. For example, if a person claims to be both a homemaker and a student, circle the option of student; if they are retired and unable to work, in this case circle option 2 of retiree.
[p.183]
1. A person temporarily absent from their activity or trade
People who have a job but were absent during the reference week, without receiving income, but who affirm they are going to return to work after the week the survey is conducted.
2. Pensioner or retired from work
Those who are exclusively retired from work. This does not include those who receive a pension due to their status as a widow, orphan or marital separation. To classify correctly, consider the following:
Pensioner. Person who, as compensation, is granted 75 percent of the salary they received as a worker upon definitive retirement from the economic unit due to health problems as a result of occupational diseases or accidents.
3. Student
Those dedicated, as a habitual activity, to studies, even though at the time they are on vacation, sick or suspended (regardless of the reason for the suspension: bad behavior) or strike.
People who do not attend school, but are enrolled or completing some process to do so, and those who have concluded their academic cycle but are going to continue in the next.
It is important to mention that this option includes only formal studies; to identify them, ask: what do you study? If you have doubts as to the concept of formal studies, consult the respective instructions in sections on educational characteristics of the sociodemographic questionnaire of this manual.
In the case of students completing the last grades of technical majors and the intermediate to upper level and for those who have recently completed a major, it will be appropriate to inquire whether during the reference period they spent time completing their social service or professional practice. Remember that for the survey, performing this type of activity is considered an economic activity.
4. A person dedicated to the household chores in their own household
People who are habitually dedicated to household chores, such as: cleaning the home, cooking, cleaning, ironing, even if this has not been done during the reference week.
Those who state they care for their children or other members of their own household (the elderly, sick or children).
5. A person with some physical or mental limitation that prevents them from working for the rest of their life
People who do not work or seek to do so because they have some physical or mental limitation (from birth or as a result of some illness or accident) which prevents them from doing any job for the rest of their life.
People who have some disability. If the informant indicates that the interviewee cannot work because of a limitation, respect their response even when from your perspective the limitation is not an impediment for the interviewee to perform any economic activity.
Example:
6. Other status
People who, simply, state they do not perform any activity because they don't want to, because they are old, they feel tired or because they have health problems.
Given responses like: is very young, unemployed, going to work, already started to work this week, is waiting for the next school year or the response of an employer, insist by asking what they did through the previous week. Classify based on the response.
Those who engage in marginal activities in exchange for a tip: cleaning windshields, singing, playing an instrument in public places, looking after vehicles, swallowing fire. In this case, specify the activity they are engaged in.
[p.185]
Question 2f
This question is asked to those not economically active, except when they have some physical or mental limitation and those temporarily absent from their activity or trade, to identify which of them have a need or interest in working.
[Omitted figure]
- Respect the informant's response. This question is one of personal perception, such that even when you are not interviewing the actual person, you should respect the informant's response, regardless of whether from your point of view someone's economic situation is precarious and therefore they should, at least, express a desire to work.
1. Does have a need to work
People who state they currently have a need to work.
2. Only have a desire to work
Those who state that they do wish to work, but for some reason have not done anything to look for work: the homemaker who wants to work, but her husband does not allow it or there is no economic necessity to do so; the young student who wants to work, but their mother has prevented thinking their time should be dedicated to studying.
3. Has no need or desire to work
People who state they currently have no need or desire to work.
Question 2g
This question is asked to the non-economically active population who stated that they do have a need or desire to work, in order to find out the main reason they have not been looking for work or have not found a job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- How to inquire about the main reason for not looking for work or why someone has not found work. When asking the question, it is possible the interviewee may have more than one reason why they have not looked for work; in such situations, you may, if you deem it appropriate, ask additional questions such as those indicated below:
[p.187]
- "You say you're not looking for work because you are pregnant, is that the main reason why you're not looking, or is there another?"
- "So, you're not looking for work because you have to care for your children (they are very small) or is it because they won't let you to work (they maintain you)? What is the real reason?"
- "You're telling me that: You haven't looked for work because you have already committed to one or because the garlic harvest season on the site is over?" What is the main reason?"
- "Is there any other reason why you have not looked for work recently? This question is asked in the case of those who have not looked for work for more than three months before the time of the interview.
- No longer employable. This response could be classified under more than one option: 03, 04, 08 or 11.
- Due to health problems. This response does not clarify if it is due to a temporary illness such that the person intends to return to work (option 07), or if their health problem is such that there is no possibility of returning to work (option 12).
If the informant says they are waiting for a response to an application (sub-option 01) and in question 2, you were told they did not look for work, ask additional questions, such as: To how many businesses or companies did you submit job applications? How long has it been since you submit your job application? If the response is that they are effectively looking for work, return to question 2 and restart the sequence, based on the interviewee's response.
01. Waiting for a response to an application or committed to an employer who will call on a later date
People who are waiting for a response to a job application, either because they went directly to the employers or through intermediaries (employment agencies).
Those who are sure a former employer will call them, because they gave a verbal commitment to hire their services in a specific period of time.
02. There are no jobs in their specialty, trade or profession
People who are not looking for work because they don't think there are any jobs based on their job profile, or because they looked for it at some point and did not find one.
[p.188]
03. They do not have the education, the papers or the experience necessary to do a job
Those who don't have the education or documentation required: school certificate, professional license, driver's license, permit to work in the country (in the case of foreign citizens), etc.
People who state they have not looked for work because they don't have the necessary experience to perform one.
04. They think that because of their age or appearance they would not get a job
Those who don't look for work because they know, from their own experience or that of others, that they do not have certain physical traits, in specific environments of the labor market they are subject to discrimination, for example, the fact of being very young or old, being a man or a woman, having some disability, being obese or very thin, having tattoos.
Exclude pregnancy from this option, as it is classified in option 08.
05. In their location there is no work or it is only done certain seasons of the year
Those not seeking work because where they live there are no opportunities in this regard.
People who have not been looking for work because, for the moment, there is none, as it is only during certain times of the year: school vacation periods, sowing, harvesting or fishing seasons or during the traditional, religious, civic or fair festival celebrations.
06. Public Insecurity or excessive paperwork discourage them from starting an activity
Those who attempted to start a business on their own, but stopped because the government authorities require too much paperwork, requirements or even try to extort them to grant a permit.
People who tried to start their own business, but due to public insecurity did not do so.
07. Waiting to recover from an illness or accident
Those not looking for work because they are temporarily unable to work, due to health problems or an accident; therefore they are waiting to recover.
Exclude those who have stated they have a need or desire to work, but are not seeking to do so because they suffer from a chronic, degenerative illness, an addiction or the consequences of an accident, from which they believe it difficult to recover, as this is classified in option 12.
08. Is pregnant
Pregnant women who are not looking for work because they believe they would not be hired due to their situation; or because they are looking, but are not given a job for this reason.
[p.189]
09. Have no one to care for their small children, elderly or sick
People whose responses indicate they are interested in joining the job market but cannot do so because they must care for other members of the household (children, the elderly, sick or disabled), as no one else is available to take care of them.
10. Not permitted by a family member
People who did not look for work because a family member (parent, spouse, etc.) does not permit them to work because they believe it is not convenient or necessary; for example, the secondary or preparatory student who does not work or look for work, because their mother thinks they are too young to do so or must finish their studies first.
11. Other market reasons
People whose reason for not seeking work is related to the situation they face on the labor market, different from those considered in the preceding sub-options:
Does not have sufficient resources to start a business.
The welfare benefits the companies offer are nil or insufficient.
There is no half-time or part-time work, the work schedule is excessive or the working hours are split.
The work companies offer is somewhat unstable.
12. Other personal reasons
People who say they need to work, but due to a personal decision have chosen not to do so and dedicate their time only to caring for their family or studying.
Those who have stated they have a need or desire to work, but are not seeking to do so because they suffer from a chronic, degenerative illness, an addiction or the consequences of an accident, from which they believe it difficult to recover, even because they are no longer in a condition to do so because they are elderly.
People who have stated they have a desire to work but don't because they have no economic need to do so: they live on their savings or income from a property, someone else provides for them, or simply because they do not wish to work.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 2h.
[p.190]
Question 2h
This question is asked to not employed persons, to identify those who have work experience and those who do not.
Conceptual clarifications:
Not employed persons with work experience. People who did not work or have a job in the reference week, and stated they had worked in at least one previously.
Instructions:
- Multiple responses. Don't forget that this question admits more than one response, as you may find that a person could have started their working life as an unpaid worker, then salaried and later self-employed or any combination of these work experiences.
- Circle the option(s) indicated.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2 or 3, go to question 9a; if you circle option 4 or 9, go to question 10.
[p.191]
7.5 Battery III. Work context
Starting with this battery of questions and up to six, the information you obtain will refer exclusively to the main job of the employed population, such that it could have been performed during the reference week or they could have been absent from it, but with return assured.
The purpose of this battery of questions is to identify the person's position or job, their title in the occupation, the size of the economic unit and how long they have been on the job, among others. In addition, based on title in the occupation, the purpose will be, in the case of:
- Subordinate workers, identify whether they have a written contract and access to employment benefits, as well as the form in which they accessed their job.
Question 3
This question is asked to employed persons to find out the tasks or functions, as well as the name of the occupation, position or job they perform at their main job.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Main job. That which the informant identifies as such, based on their own assessment, if the interviewee has had more than one during the reference week.
[p.192]
Instructions:
Below are the criteria to use to determine first, if an interviewee had one or more jobs during the reference period; and second, if you detect the person had two or more jobs, help them, if necessary, to define which is the main one. This is very important, since the information from batteries 3 through 6 will refer to the main job.
Consider a person to have had a second job during the reference week:
Examples:
- Maria requested leave for three months in the company where she performs her second job.
- Even if they have recently started to work there (before or during the reference week).
Examples:
If she was working during said period, but at different times, for two economic units by substituting the only job she had been performing. In this situation obtain as her main job the one that she just got.
[p.183]
- Adriana left her job for a contract manufacturer (pieceworker) on Friday of the reference week and started to work as a waitress in a restaurant on Saturday of that same week. Adriana's main job will be, for the purposes of the interview, that of waitress and the secondary, that of employee at the contract manufacturing company.
If she worked even for only a single time during this period. In this type of situation it is expected that the interviewee states their main job is the one they have been working for more time; but, definitively, it is the informant who has the final word.
Examples:
- Georgina works Monday through Friday in a bank, and on Saturday and Sunday of the reference week, earned extra income by working, a single time, in the restaurant of a beach resort.
Do not consider a person to have a second job:
- People who work on their own in a trade: masons, carpenters, seamstresses, merchants, gardeners, laundresses, etc.
- Professionals and technicians who are self-employed.
Do not think this type of worker has two or more jobs, since the type of contract established with their clients is not a one of labor but rather merely commercial by providing a service to their clients, and this does not count for the purposes of the survey, taking into consideration that the central purpose of this statistical program is to generate information about the labor conditions granted by economic units for which the employed population works.
- The farm worker who are engaged, at the same time and at the same address, to combine agricultural and livestock production activities (cultivating corn and raising swine, cultivating alfalfa and raising cattle, for example) since it is a single economic unit.
- Owners of their own business or activity in which they work at the same time and at the same address, to perform activities in different lines of business: sales and providing services or manufacturing and selling products. In this type of situation you should identify the main activity to which the economic unit is dedicated, and on that basis identify the tasks and occupation the person performs.
[p.194]
- Questions identifying the main job. Only if the informant hesitates to define which is the main job, assist them by telling them to keep in mind, first, the time spent on each job; if they still cannot make determine it, ask them to consider the income they receive all together in each of their jobs, the time of service and the employment benefits.
- How to ask the question. Read the first part of the question and enter the tasks or functions a person habitually performs on their main job.
Examples:
- Mr. Cirilo is a farm hired laborer where they offer him work. During this season normally he goes to cut the tomatoes, that is, precisely what he is currently doing.
- How to enter the response. When entering the functions or activities a person performs in their main job, describe them according to the guidelines listed below. The information described should permit a verification of the occupation, position or job they claim they perform. Both data together should allow you to identify:
- The ability or degree of specialization of the person's position or occupation.
- The degree of responsibility necessary to perform the job or occupation declared.
- The instruments, tools or raw materials used in the preparation of the product or service.
[p.195]
[p.196]
- If the interviewee's response indicates that the worker performs activities that correspond to two or more occupations, in this battery of questions enter those to which the person dedicated more time during the reference period.
Examples:
- Monitoring the residential area (security guard) and running errands for the residents of a residential area (go-boy/go-girl).
- If they mention a profession where the name doesn't agree with the tasks stated, ask additional questions such as: "you told me that you studied...?" or "you told me that the occupation you perform consists of...? if the informant keeps giving the name of the major, don't make them uncomfortable by insisting, enter what they told you and record the inconsistency in the comments section.
- Unnecessary information. It is important that when recording the information in these questions you enter only what allows you to identify and classify the interviewee's occupation. Below are the elements you should consider when obtaining the information:
- If the information refers to occupations outside of the commercial activity, it is unnecessary that in the tasks section (first part of question 3) you enter that the interviewee works in collection, as one more of their tasks. Focus your description exclusively on the tasks that characterize the stated occupation.
[Omitted table]
[p.197]
[Omitted table]
- When the occupation refers to food preparation it is not necessary to describe the ingredients used in its preparation, only mention the type of food and/or beverages: sweet potato, preserves, pastries, shaved ice, bread, pulque (alcoholic beverage), cheese, tacos, tortillas, etc.
[Omitted table]
- It is not necessary to describe the type of tasks performed in such detail, or the place where they work (that is the subject of question 4a, 4e or 4f), just enter the substantial activity of the occupation performed.
[p.198]
If the occupation consists of giving advice or assistance, conducting investigations or applying one's knowledge, identify exactly what the worker does: whom they advise or assist and of what that advise consists, what type of investigation or projects are conducted and the exact name of the major studied.
Examples:
- Conducting analysis of plants according to agronomist's instructions agronomy technician
- Representing people or companies in legal matters attorney
- Helping apply physical rehabilitation treatments physical therapy technician
[p.199]
Education of workers
In the case of teachers who work in the formal education system (traditional system), specify the academic level: preschool, primary, secondary, preparatory or baccalaureate (vocational or equivalent), upper level education (graduate level, engineering) or master or doctoral level, in which they teach classes.
Examples:
- Giving classes. University professor
- Giving classes to students Secondary teacher
- In the case of special education teachers, indicate the type of disability the people they teach have: mental, motor, visual or hearing and communication.
- In the case of teachers and instructors of informal education (non-traditional system): workers who give classes in academies, institutes or commercial schools or training courses in work centers (companies, factories) or technical training institutions, only say what subject matter they teach: artistic education (dance, drawing, photography), production techniques or services (welding, computing, cooking, first aid, typing, languages) or sports activities (karate, aerobics or soccer).
Examples:
- Teaching Portuguese language. Language teacher
- Teaching tachygraphy. Tachygraphy teacher
[p.200]
Education in art, entertainment and sports
The information you obtain must specify the occupation and tasks the person performs.
- In the case of athletes or referees, judges or sports trainers, identify the type of sport in which they participate: soccer, baseball, track and field, bullfighting.
Examples:
- Hosting a radio program. Radio broadcast announcer
- Coordinating and supervising personnel who do voice-overs of foreign actors. Voice-over director
- Preparing to the players to the competition. Basketball coach
It is not necessary to specify, for example, the type of instruments a person plays or if they work alone or as part of a group, or where they work (this is specified in battery of questions 4): in a bar or roving in several, in private homes; nor is it necessary to specify who is the target audience of the show: children, adults; or exactly what activities comprise the entertainment or artistic routine: telling jokes, playing games with the audience, tuning the instruments, rehearsing and singing.
Officers and managers
When it comes to this type of workers, inquire about the type of institution, company or work area they manage, the level of responsibility (expressed based on the name of the position) and the type of functions performed.
Examples:
- Preparing, approving or rejecting laws in the House of Representatives. Federal representative
- Managing and coordinating the activities of the training area. Training manager
[p.201]
Farm workers, cattle farmers, forestry workers, hunters and fishermen
When obtaining the information for this type of workers, identify:
- The type of product grown, collected or processed: corn, coffee, flowers, melon, rubber, marine plants.
- The type of animal raised, fished, hunted or used: cattle, quail, scorpions, tuna.
Examples:
- Collecting prickly pear cactus on the hillside and cleaning it
- Prickly pear cactus collector
- Selecting apples by size and waxing it. Apple selector
- Putting out traps to trap birds. Bird hunter
When obtaining the information for this type of workers, identify:
- The type of product and material with which it is manufactured: foods (ham, yogurt, chocolate, salt); textile products (polyester yarn, cotton fabrics, felt hats); footwear (leather or synthetic), tools, electrical and electronic products (metal screws, spark plugs, photocopiers).
- The type of tasks performed: organizing, assigning and distributing to the workers supervised, according to the needs of specific work areas.
Examples:
- Blowing and sculpting various glass objects Craftsman of glass objects
- Operating the equipment that packs the capsules (medication) in cellophane. Packer operator
- Inspecting the quality of prints and keeping track of pending work. Printing and engraving supervisor
[p.202]
Workers in artisanal and industrial manufacturing activities
Examples:
- Sewing clothing to the measurements the customer requests. Seamstress
When the information refers to this type of worker, ask the type of product or system they repair or maintain: vehicles (automobiles, motorcycles, airplanes, ships, bicycles); machinery and industrial instruments (turbines, refrigerators, looms, mills); precision instruments (watches, glasses, photographic equipment, pianos).
Examples:
- Repairing vehicles. Automotive mechanic
- Patch vehicle tires. Vulcanizer
- Adjusting and repairing orthopedic devices Precision instrument mechanic
In this case, ask what type of unit the person operates (light rail, boat, taxi, crane, tractor, asphalt spreader). In the case of truck operators, specify what they transport: people or merchandise.
Examples:
- Driving and operating the concrete mixer that mixes construction materials. Concrete mixer operator
- Personnel transportation driver. Driving a bus to transport personnel to their place of work
- Transporting tourists. Carriage driver
[p.203]
Workers in administrative activities and services
When obtaining the information for this type of workers, identify the following:
- In which area or department do they work: health, education, human resources or materials, commerce.
- The level of responsibility based on the name of the position or job: boss, supervisor, inspector, receptionist, warehouse clerk, secretary.
Examples:
- Carrying messages or packages where instructed. Messenger
- Authorizing the repair and maintenance of buses. Transportation coordinator
- Answering telephone calls to give information. Receptionist
When obtaining the information for this type of workers, ask:
- The class of tasks performed: weighing, packing and shipping merchandise, giving product demonstrations to promote its sale, issuing orders, representing a product brand, organizing the business on behalf of the owner, seeking an adequate place to sell.
Examples:
- Supervising the quality of the merchandise and services provided by the personnel under the person. Store manager
- Offering and delivering the products. Street vendor of fruits and vegetables
- Telling the client about the properties and use of the cosmetics the person sells. Cosmetics demonstrator
[p.204]
Workers in personal services
If the information refers to this type of workers, identify the type of activity performed: packing or bagging merchandise in the supermarket, cleaning facilities, guarding automobiles, preparing and serving beverages.
Examples:
- Serving food to customers. Taco cook's helper
- Playing the guitar and singing. Singer
- Washing and ironing other people's clothing. Laundress
If the information corresponds to this type of occupation, ask what type of activities are performed, and the name of the occupation or position.
Examples:
- Preventing and fighting fires. Fireman
- Investigating to learn the motives and obtaining evidence of crimes. Criminal investigator
- Participating in campaigns against narcotics trafficking and training marines in military operations. Naval Lieutenant
Regardless of the response, check the note of caution and continue with question 3a.
[p.205]
Note of caution. This note is to remind you that you must keep in mind according to the survey guidelines, that not every activity performed for the purpose of obtaining income is considered economic, and guaranty that the information you obtain from this battery of questions is related to an economic activity. If you have questions about whether an activity is or is not economic, ask additional questions, for example:
- "Does Mr. Silverio tell people how much he is going to charge to wash the vehicles (he negotiates), or do people give him a tip?" If the response indicates that he is the one who defines the value of his services, consider it an economic activity; otherwise, it is not.
If the description of the occupation corresponds to any of the activities mentioned in the note or those listed as non-economic activities, return to battery of questions number 1 and follow the not employed sequence. If despite this, you continue to have concerns about whether or not you should consider it an economic activity, obtain the information.
Question 3a
This question is asked to employed persons, to differentiate them as subordinate or independent, based on their position in the occupation.
Position in the occupation (job position). The classification of the employed population based on their relationship with the means of production, and with the ownership of the goods and services generated in the performance of the job.
[Omitted figures]
[p.206]
Conceptual clarifications:
In general terms, there are two types of workers: subordinate and independent.
Based on whether or not they have paid workers, the independent workers are called: employer or self-employed worker.
[Omitted figure]
Self-employed worker (self-employed). Person who performs their trade or profession alone or in association with others; does not have paid workers under them, but does have the support, unpaid, of family members or others.
Subordinate worker. Person who works (with or without pay) for an economic unit in which they depend on an employer, self-employed worker, boss or superior.
[p.207]
The following table shows the main characteristics that distinguish both types of workers.
Independent workers
There are two characteristics that distinguish them:
2. Assume economic risk.
Having autonomy, independent workers determines:
- They set the work conditions (place where the work is to be done, duration of the work day, days and hours of work and rest, among others) and not by the customers (consumers).
By assuming economic risk, it can be said that:
- The relationship between the worker and the customers is one of business, commerce or provision of services.
Examples of independent workers:
- Independent professionals
- Workers in the homes of their customers (mason, merchant, electrician, stylist, nurse, gardener, plumber, remedial teacher)
- Contractors and subcontractors
- Taxi driver (vehicle owner)
- The working conditions (place where the work is done, duration of the work day, date and place of payment, days off, vacation, work standards) are established by the economic unit for which they work.
- Cannot provide, on their own initiative, service to other employers during the work hours agreed with the economic unit for which they currently work.
- The form and amount of remuneration, in the case of salaried workers, and even the place where the work is to be done, depends on guidelines established, principally, by the economic unit for which they work.
- The economic risk does not fall on the person, but rather on the economic unit for which they work.
- Only contribute their intellectual or physical work to perform their activities.
Examples:
- Laborers or general employees
- Domestic workers in the employer's home
- Farm hired laborer or farm hand
- Religious worker (clergy, minister, rabbi or priest)
[p.208]
It is very important that while obtaining the information, you respect the spontaneous response of the interviewee when stating whether they are an independent or subordinate worker. Only if you have questions in determining the position in the occupation, define it by applying the criteria for autonomy in the processes of work and economic risk, always in this order.
Below are some examples in which an additional explanation may be necessary:
- Domestic servants (including nannies), are considered:
- Independent, if they work in their own home. In this situation it is more than evident that they have autonomy, and that they meet the criteria of economic risk by involving their own resources.
- Security guards of residential units: Are subordinates if they work for one or more residences, neighborhood associations or any other company.
[p.209]
- Taxi drivers. Consider them independent workers if they own the vehicle, even if they pay third parties for the use of (license) plates; they are also independent if they say they rent the vehicle, as they face economic risk in taking responsibility for the vehicle: dealing with any mechanical failure or accident that occurs to the unit.
Consider them subordinates if they only provide their labor.
If questions arise in this regard, ask additional questions:
Based on the responses, determine the position in the occupation.
This criteria applies, even in the case of the home manufacturing, where part of the infrastructure of the home (living room, kitchen, service patio; water and electricity) is used at the same time for the family life and performance of the production activity.
Subcontracting. Could be defined as the agreement entered between a person or company and an economic unit called a contractor, where the latter performs specific work contributing their own knowledge, tools, capital and personnel. The manner in which the subcontracting operates is similar in any sector: agriculture, construction, industry, mining, etc.
[p.210]
- An institution (user) hires a company for the sanitation and cleaning of its facilities (service provider); the latter in turn hires the staff required to perform these activities. In this case the subcontracted staff performs the duties within the facilities of the user company, but work for the company that hired them directly. The subcontracted personnel work for the company that hired them directly (service provider); that is their employer.
This organization is characterized by distributing among its members, in equal conditions, the time worked and amount of the operations performed. The objective of the association is the social and economic improvement of its members. The association may have some salaried employees.
Instruction:
Question 3b
This question is asked to employed persons who in the previous question said they did not have a boss, employer or superior at their job, in order to verify whether they are independent workers or subordinate managers.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
[p.211]
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, continue with question 3c; if you circle option 2, go to question 3h.
Question 3c
This question is asked to independent workers to identify the level of autonomy of their economic unit.
[Omitted figure]
Agriculture-livestock operations for self-consumption. Activities aimed at the production of corn and beans for the consumption of one's own household.
Instructions:
1. To a single company, business or dealer
Note that workers classified in this option lack or have minimal autonomy to decide the destination, quality of the goods and services they generate, because the raw materials with which they operate is not their own or is already committed.
[p.212]
- The farmer who normally sells all of their produce to a single wine-producer (dealer).
- Contract manufacturer (pieceworker) who produces for a single company.
The livestock farmer who has committed to selling all of their production (live hogs) to one cured meat factory.
2. To several companies, businesses or dealers
Examples:
- The person who copies pirated music and distributes it to merchants in various open air markets.
- The recyclable material scavenger (aluminum cans, cardboard, plastic, fabric, glass) who sells these products to local warehouses they choose.
3. Directly to the public
Examples:
- The street vendor who offers their products to those who want to buy them.
- The professional who provides their services to those who request it.
4. It is a self-consumption agriculture-livestock operation
- Workers engaged in the production of corn or beans in combination with raising backyard animals exclusively for the purpose of self-consumption.
Exclude agricultural production activities of products
[p.213]
other than corn or beans, and raising animals for commercial or self-consumption purposes.
Also exclude those who state they grow corn and/or beans for both self-consumption and for sale, as in this case the commercial activity takes precedence, in which case you should circle option 1, 2 or 3, as applicable.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the options you circle, continue with question 3d.
Question 3d
This question is asked to independent workers, to find out whether they employ workers, with or without pay.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
Partners. People who, in association with other(s), has a company or business in which they participate not only with capital, but also with work in its operation.
In this case, regardless of whether or not the economic unit is incorporated as an individual or legal entity, in both cases the partners are considered employees of the partner who is being interviewed.
Individual. A person with the capacity to contract obligations, from a fiscal perspective, in the operation of an economic activity, and exercise rights.
[p.214]
Legal entity. A group of people who join with a specific purpose, for example, a corporation, a non-profit organization.
Question 3e
This question is asked to independent workers to identify whether they are owners of a single type of business or various with different lines of business.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Company or business. The economic unit that, under a single owner or controlling entity, combines actions and resources to perform activities of the production of goods, purchase-sale of merchandise or provision of services, whether or not for commercial purposes.
To perform its activities, an economic unit may have one or more establishments; or may work on the street, in an improvised stand, at the home of their customers or in their own home. In the case of economic units with more than one establishment, there may be branches or auxiliary units.
Establishment. The economic unit distinguished by having an address, that is, a place where it can be permanently located, as it has fixed construction or facilities where actions and resources are combined for the production of goods, purchase-sale of merchandise or the provision of services.
[p.215]
An auxiliary unit is an establishment that has an independent physical location, where only activities are conducted in support of other establishment(s) with which it shares its business name. It does not, therefore, provide services to third parties, that is, it does not have the authority to provide services to the public, make sales, produce or manufacture products. The purpose of its services is to facilitate the main activity of the entire company to which it belongs; therefore, when obtaining the information, you must identify the main activity to which the entire company is dedicated, not that of the auxiliary establishment.
An auxiliary unit is an establishment that has an independent physical location, where activities are conducted only in support of another or other establishments with which it shares its business name. It does not, therefore, provide services to third parties, that is, it does not have the authority to provide services to the public, make sales, produce or manufacture products. The purpose of its services is to facilitate the main activity of the entire company to which it belongs; therefore, when obtaining the information, you must identify the main activity to which the entire company is dedicated, not that of the auxiliary establishment.
Examples of auxiliary units:
- Administrative offices, located at another address, of a mining company whose mission is to conduct, exclusively, administrative and financial control of this company.
- Mechanical workshop of a government agency in which only vehicles of that government entity are repaired and maintained.
In conclusion, the distinction between productive and auxiliary establishments is extremely important, considering that the purpose of the survey, and this question in particular, is to identify the main activity to which the productive units are engaged, if they perform more than one, not those performed by the auxiliary establishments. Battery of questions 4 examines this distinction in more detail.
It is important to say that not all economic units for which the employed population works have formal facilities like those listed above. There are others made of rustic materials: floor-anchored sheet metal stands, or stands that are installed in one place during the workday and taken down at the end of the day, as in the case of an assembled stand, motorized vehicles or not (for example, a hand cart on which prepared fruit is sold to the general public, and whose normal center of operations is the corner of a park).
[p.216]
Thus, a company or business in one or more establishments may be dedicated to:
- The production of two or more lines of business in two or more establishments at the same time: fishing and manufacturing hats; raising bees and quarry extraction; selling food and doing printing work on clothing.
In situations like those described in the second bullet point, you must read the note of caution in option 2 to identify which is the main business:
[Omitted figure]
The informant should define the principal business, based on their own assessment. If they respond that they don't know which to choose as the principal, help them by telling them to consider, first, which has the support, regularly, of the larger number of workers.
When you reach this question you will be in a position to verify whether business activity defined as principal is consistent with the name of the occupation recorded in question 3; otherwise, ask additional questions to guaranty that the information obtained and which you must continue recording as principal until battery of questions 6, will refer precisely to the occupation you entered as principal.
[p.216]
Instructions:
1. A single type of business or activity
Examples:
- The owner of a chain of carts that sell food on different sites in a city.
- Independent workers of economic units that involve vertical integration processes in the generation of its goods and services.
Vertical integration refers to a single company undertaking all productive processes necessary to generate its goods or services: production, transportation or distribution and sales. In said productive process, the product that results from one of the phases serves, in turn, as the supply of another process, until one or more products are obtained, as a result of the process as a whole.
Examples:
- Raising hogs for slaughter and the sale of meats.
- Collecting catkin and making wax.
- Independent workers who have a single establishment in which they undertake their own activities from a different economic sector, in which case you will have to identify the main activity to which the economic unit is engaged, since the information you compile in the next question and in battery of questions 4 should refer to this one.
Examples:
- The owner of a salon who in the same establishment, in addition to personal grooming services, sells various products.
[p.218]
2. Several types of businesses (with different locations)
To check this option, it is mandatory that the following two requirements are met: engaged in more than one line of business and each of the lines is conducted at a different location.
Examples:
- A worker whose first business consists of preparing and distributing corn and potato chips in different stores in the town and the second, of growing broccoli and beans.
- An independent worker who gives private language classes and prepares banquets for special events.
The underlines in the preceding examples indicate that these activities were defined as the principal ones, in which case the sequence the interviewer should follow should focus on these when obtaining the information for the remaining questions through battery 6.
Question 3f
This question is asked to independent workers who employ people, in order to find out in how many establishments or fixed addresses they operate their economic unit when conducting their main business or activity.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
As you can see, practically all of battery of questions 3 focuses on identifying the work conditions of the interviewee, with the exception of this question in particular and 3q, which seek to properly characterize the economic unit, identifying whether they have stands or establishments to conduct their economic
[p.219]
activity and identifying the size of the establishment based on the number of workers who work in the establishment in which the interviewee is working.
On the other hand, it is important to state that this question does not intend, strictly speaking, to learn the physical characteristics or equipment found in the establishments, it only seeks to identify in which establishments, addresses or fixed locations an economic unit operates in the performance of its principal activity. The count should include auxiliary establishments, speaking of those economic units that are formally established, if counting this type of establishment.
Exceptionally, in the case of economic units that require the use of vehicular units to perform the economic activity, these are counted only if they are used to conduct the principal activity: transportation, sale or service, regardless of whether or not the vehicles are moved from one place to another. This case is explained in further detail below.
Exclude economic units:
- That are performed in the field: a collector of lechuguilla or medicinal herbs.
- That are performed on their own home, with or without a special installation.
- That lacking a premises, are located by their customers through a personal or home telephone number or going to their home, to hire their services.
- Having an establishment. Consider an independent worker to have an establishment to conduct their economic activity if:
- They are the owner of the site.
- It is available to them by lease.
- If they have one in the form of a loan. In this case, only if said establishment is used exclusively by the economic unit to which it is owned; if it is shared with another economic unit, do not consider the worker to have an establishment.
- It has independent access from the street, in the case of those economic units that are located within a property or lot of a private home, such that the space within the home for the economic unit is clearly delimited.
[p.220]
Consider cases like the following to be an establishment:
- A site where they can offer their services, although these services (interior decorating, exterminator, locksmith, computer repair or maintenance) are performed in the home of their customers.
- An establishment to carry out the management or storage of their machinery, material or vehicles, in the case of those economic units that are dedicated to building any construction site.
- Spaces or facilities lacking a traditional building: Dam or pond for raising aquatic species; mine ("open pit or pit"), plot, paddock, wire mesh fencing in the case of used auto lots.
- Fixed, semi-fixed or improvised stands. Each of these spaces is defined below.
[p.221]
[Omitted figures]
Exclude from this option those who work on fixed stands that depend on clearly established economic units, such as banks, agencies or dealers of vehicles, real estate, telephone companies.
- Semi-fixed stand. Structure of any light material that is installed in a public space (street, open air market, commercial plaza). The main characteristics of this type of stand is that it is generally installed at the start of the workday and removed at the end of the same day. Its removal is relatively simple because
[p.222]
[Omitted figures]
- Improvised stand. Rudimentary installation not fixed to the ground that is generally placed in the same public space to conduct an economic activity.
[Omitted figure]
[p.223]
[Omitted figure]
Vehicle is understood as any mobile unit, with or without a motor, such as: ship, cargo or passenger truck, pickup truck, wagon, motor boat or boat, trailer, tricycle.
Examples:
- Selling fruits and vegetables on a cart
- Photographic service inside a truck
- Fishing from a motor boat
- Transporting tourists on tricycles
- Moving services in a truck
[p.224]
Exclude from the count those vehicles that are only used as internal support for the economic unit to conduct its main activity.
Examples:
- A store selling construction material that also has vehicles for distribution.
Also exclude from the count the spaces that are only used to shelter vehicular units that serve as support for the performance of an economic unit.
Examples:
- Parking garages that are rented by a taxi driver to shelter their vehicular units.
- Space inside a parking lot to shelter carts that are used to sell food.
The following table illustrates, more concretely, the cases in which the vehicles should be counted, and when they should not.
[Omitted table]
[p.225]
It is important to emphasize that the same line or type of business could be comprised of various establishments.
Example:
In the cited examples, it is evident that each owner is dedicated to the same line of business, although they are performed at different locations, in which case you should count all the establishments that comprise the network.
- Work from home. In the case of economic units that are located on the property or lot of a private home, consider it to have an establishment only if the space allocated to perform the economic activity has a separate entrance from the residential space itself. If the entry is common, consider them not to have an establishment, even if they have special facilities.
The following images illustrate in which cases an economic unit is considered to be performed in a private home, based on whether or not it is an establishment.
[p.226]
In this image, the economic unit (seamstress) does not have a site, as the access to the economic unit is the same as that of the home.
[Omitted figures]
[p.27]
According to the foregoing, consider an independent worker to lack an establishment, site or stand, if they perform their economic activity:
- In the homes of customers and lacking a site where their services are hired. For example, an electrician, exterminator, musician, clown, plumber, vendor of catalog products whose clients must come to their home, they must visit the clients or their clients must call on the telephone to hire their services.
- In a loaned space within an establishment or site and in which the independent worker is not responsible for said space, but in which they operate at the same time together with another economic unit (manager or owner of the establishment).
Instructions:
- Circle the respective option based on the following criteria:
- Independent workers who only have one establishment or vehicle to perform their main economic activity.
Examples:
- A worker who only has one site in which to offer their Internet services.
- A taco vendor who only works on a corner (on a semi-fixed stand).
- A public accountant in whose firm they also sell jewelry.
- A fruit and vegetable vendor who exhibits and promotes the sale of their products on a cart pulled by a donkey.
- A person who, on the same fixed stand, in the morning prepares and sells food and in the afternoon sells clothing.
- Those who work inside their own homes, as long as the access to the business has a separate entrance from that to the home.
- Independent workers who have two or more establishments to perform their main economic activity. If you circle this option, ask how many establishments the economic unit operates and how many serve as support to achieve their objectives. Enter the number they indicate.
[p.228]
Examples:
- A worker who only has two sites in which they provide their Internet services.
- A taco vendor who has five semi-fixed stands distributed in different parts of the city.
- An economic unit that has two small stores (premises), a warehouse and an office, has a total of four establishments.
- Walking workers who use bags, baskets, buckets, with which they carry and transport the products they offer, walking in different public spaces.
Examples:
- The cigarette vendor who exhibits and promotes his products in a box.
- The person who carries the tuna they are selling in a bucket.
- Those who don't have premises where their services can be hired and based on the type of trade or profession they have, go to the homes of their clients, as in the case of decorators, exterminators, clowns, gardeners, domestic servants, nurses.
- Independent workers who work in their own home, whose access to the business is the same as that to the home:
- A carpenter who has his workshop on the patio of his house.
- A seamstress who has her sewing machine in the living room of her house.
- A laundress who uses the washing machine and laundry room in her home.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the information recorded, continue with question 3g.
[p.229]
Question 3g
This question is asked to independent workers who have the support of other workers, to find out how many there are and what position in the occupation they have, to identify the employers and the workers they employ.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- How to count the personnel employed. Count all the workers who work for the economic unit, considering all establishments it has to perform its economic activity, as long as they are the same type of business or activity; for example, all workers who work attending the hot dog carts of an economic unit dedicated to the sale of this type of food.
- Count of all workers. Include in the sum all workers who work for the economic unit; regardless of their age, or whether or not they receive economic remuneration for their work.
- The number of workers varies. If the number of workers in the economic unit is variable throughout the year, count those who were working during the reference week.
1. Workers who receive payment
Worker who receives a payment (paid worker). The person who receives a payment for their work form the economic unit for which they work. The payment may be monetary or in kind (with marketable merchandise).
[p.230]
2. Partners
Employers or self-employed workers, when they are associated with other workers.
Remember that the partner is the person who, when incorporating a company or business in association with another person or other people, provides financial resources, labor, knowledge or skills for its operation. Count as partners only those workers who meet the preceding conditions; if they only contribute capital, do not count them as such.
Respect the informant's response if they report the presence of a partner among the members of their household; for example, a married couple who run their grocery business, a farmer and his children, a carpenter who along with his wife and children are engaged in making furniture.
3. Unpaid workers
Worker who does not receive payment (unpaid worker). The employed person who does not receive any type of payment (monetary or in kind) for their occupation.
4. Type of workers unknown
- Workers for whom both pieces of information are unknown: number and type. Write code 999.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the options you circle, go to question 3r.
[p.231]
Question 3h
This question is asked to subordinate workers, to differentiate them based on whether or not they are paid for their work and to distinguish those who have or do not have a family tie to the owner of the economic unit.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
Workers who receive a payment in exchange for their work, regardless of the amount, the form or the frequency.
2. A non-family unpaid worker
The worker who does not receive a payment for working in the business, company or lands of a person who is not a family member. This person may receive compensation systematically that is not salable, such as lodging, clothing for personal use or training.
Example:
- Workers who provide their social service or complete their professional practice, without receiving any payment for such work.
The subordinate worker who works for an economic unit, owned by a family member (whether or not they are a member of the household), where they do not receive economic income in exchange for their work.
When it comes to household members, it is common that work performed may be considered mandatory and, therefore, is not remunerated because they are a member of the household, but may receive or have rights to the economic unit, such as consuming what is produced without paying for it, receiving education, food, clothing or training.
[p.232]
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarification
Union membership. Registration as a member of a worker's organization sot that it defends, when necessary, the working conditions (working hours, breaks, vacations, leaves, professional training, access to medical care) with the company for which they work.
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers to find out whether they are members of a labor union.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 3j.
Question 3j
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers to find out whether or not they have a written employment contract in their main job.
[Omitted figure]
Written employment contract. Pact or agreement in writing made between the worker and the economic unit for which a person works, in which the rights and obligations that govern the working relationship are established.
[p.233]
Question 3k
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers who, in their main job, have a written contract, to identify the type of contract and its duration.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
1. Temporary or specific work
- Ask for the duration of the contract and circle the respective sub-option. If the informant says the contract is for more than one year, circle sub-option 4.
2. Base, permanent or open-ended
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 3l.
[p.234]
Question 3l
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers to find out whether they have basic employment benefits.
Conceptual clarifications:
Employment benefits. Goods and services in money or in kind which workers receive from the economic unit for which they work, as a supplement to their employment income.
Employment benefits are granted in accordance with the Federal Labor Law or as agreed in agreements, collective bargaining agreements and other institutionally recognized forms.
Instructions:
- Consistency of the information. Verify the consistency of the responses, for example, if a worker says they are a government employee, it is not possible for them to have profit sharing. In situations like this, corroborate the information with the interviewee and correct where necessary.
[p.235]
2. Paid vacation
- Those who despite not having taken vacation, still enjoy this employment benefit.
3. Profit sharing
4. None of the above
5. Don't receive anything
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2, 3 or 4, continue with question 3m; if you circle 5 or 9, go to question 3n.
Question 3m
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers to find out what other types of employment benefits they receive from the economic unit for which they work.
[Omitted figure]
[p.236]
1. Home loans (Infonavit, Fosvissste)?
2. Day care?
3. Parental care leave?
4. Retirement fund (SAR or Afore)?
5. Life insurance?
6. Private insurance for medical expenses?
7. Personal loans and/or savings account?
- Those who have a savings account in which the worker contributes a certain amount and the economic unit for which they work contributes another amount.
8. None of the above
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option(s) checked, continue with question 3n.
[p.237]
Question 3n
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers, to find out the means by which they found out about the job they currently have.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
01. Went directly to the workplace (factory, store, workshop)
02. Went to a private job bank or employment agency
- Exclude those who found out about the job by means of a job bank pertaining to a school or university, which are classified in option 10.
03. Went to a public job placement service
04. By means of a temporary government employment program (federal, state or municipal)
[p.238]
05. Went to a labor organization or union
06. Online
07. By means of an ad in any public place or means of communication (newspaper, radio)
- The difference between people who brought their resume directly to the place of work and those who saw an ad outside the establishment is that in the former, the person sought their own opportunities and went to the economic unit that needed personnel with their characteristics, while in this option the opportunity presented itself and they took advantage of it.
08. Through a family member, friend or acquaintance
09. They were offered the job
10. Other means
- Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 3o.
Question 3o
This question is asked to paid subordinate workers to identify those who migrated to get or keep their main job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
[p.239]
- Level of migratory movement. The migratory movement could be at the municipal, state or country level.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, continue with question 3p; if you circle option 2, go to question 3q.
Question 3p
This question is addressed to paid subordinate workers who migrated to get or keep their main job, to find out where they lived before arriving in their current place of residence.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- When there have been more than one migratory movement. If a person reports that in order to keep their main job, they migrated on more than one occasion, ask for the last federal entity or country where they lived before arriving at the place of the interview.
- The name refers to a place abroad. Enter only the name of the country and then circle code 3.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 3q.
[p.240]
This question is asked to subordinate workers to identify the size of the establishment, through the number of people who work there.
Conceptual clarifications:
The criterion to identify the size of the establishment where an interviewee works through the number of workers who are physically there or who depend on that establishment in particular, applies for economic units in both the private and public sector.
Instructions:
Example:
[p.241]
Examples:
- Mr. Buenrostro works for the state Secretariat of Tourism. In the same building, there are personnel of the State Medical Arbitration Commission, the INEGI and the Secretariat of Treasury. In this case, you should only identify the personnel from the state Secretariat of Tourism.
- Esther monitors access to the INEGI facilities; she works for an independent company that provides private security services. Ask how many people, including the administrative staff, work for the security company.
- Marcos works together with fifteen other operators for a transportation company that has branches in different parts of the country. Count only the workers who work at the branch for which Marcos works.
- The number of workers varies based on the time of year. Given responses like these, ask how many workers usually work during the time of year in which you are conducting the interview. You can adapt the question saying: "Usually, this time of year, approximately how many people, including the owner, work where Eduardo (interviewee) works?"
[p.242]
Exclude from option 01 those domestic servants who work in the employer's private home, despite being on the payroll of the employer's company or business. Count them as a member of the employer's economic unit.
Examples:
- Amalia is a cook in a private home (and resides there), but her employer included her on the payroll along with more than 250 workers in his/her company. In this case, circle option 10.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 3r.
[p.243]
This question is asked to employed persons to find out when or at what moment they began to work for the economic unit of their main job.
Instructions:
- How to record the information. In the first part of the question, enter the year in which the interviewee states they began working in their main job; and if it is the current year or the preceding year (as stated in the note of caution that appears on the questionnaire), ask for the month, and then classify the response based on the information recorded.
If the year in which they began to work is two or more years prior in relation to the reference period, circle option 3; in this case you do not have to ask or enter the month, just circle option 3, and continue with the next question.
- Temporary workers. In the case of subordinate workers, such as farm or construction hired laborer, who over the course of a week may work for different economic units, be sure the information you have obtained so far continues to refer to the main job.
- Change of position in the occupation. If a worker was working for the same economic unit with an occupational position different from that being performed currently in their main job (from independent worker to subordinate or vice versa), consider the moment the current occupational category was assumed as the point of reference to count the moment the person entered that economic unit.
When a change of position or responsibility occurs within the same economic unit should not be considered as the moment an employed person became connected for the first time to the economic unit of their main job, but rather that should be when they went to work for the first time for that economic unit.
[p.244]
[Omitted table]
- Information unknown. If the informant declares they do not know the year and month, enter the code with nines where applicable.
- Sequence. If you circle option 1, 2, or 9, go to question 4; if you circle option 3, continue with question 3s.
[p.245]
Question 3s
This question is asked to employed persons who declare having started their current job or business before the previous year in relation to the reference period, to find out their time of service on the job.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications
Time of service in the main job. Time the person has been working without interruption for the same economic unit in their main job, regardless of the changes of position or duties they have had within it.
Instructions:
- How to record the time of service when working recurrently for an economic unit in different periods throughout the year. Consider a person to have continued working if they have worked for the economic unit, even if only for short periods throughout the year (at least one or two weeks), as long as they have not stopped doing so in each calendar year since they were first connected with the economic unit.
[p.246]
[Omitted figure]
- Eleazar works only one month each summer vacation in the same restaurant for the last six years; the rest of the years he is dedicated to school. Consider Eleazar to have worked for said restaurant without interruption.
[Omitted figure]
- Sequence. If you circle option 1 or 9, go to question 4. If you circle 2, continue with question 3t.
[p.247]
Question 3t
This question is asked to employed persons who state they have broken their employment connection with the economic unit of their main job, to find out when they returned to it.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- How to record returns to the same economic unit. If a worker responds that they returned to work at the same economic unit in the same year the interview is being conducted, or the year before, ask in exactly which month that occurred. If they say it was more time in relation to the week before the interview, do not ask for the month.
- Sequence. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 4.
[p.248]
7.6 Battery IV. Characteristics of the economic unit
The purpose of this battery of questions is to identify some important characteristics of the economic units, taking as a starting point the establishment in which the people who are employed perform their main job. Some of these characteristics are: name, proprietary sector, type of activity to which it is dedicated, the way in which it operates (whether or not it is registered under the Law of Corporations, in the case of private companies and businesses, or the way in which the public administration of this country operates), availability of premises and accounting records, as well as the geographic level in which it performs, in the case of private companies and businesses.
Question 4
This question is asked to employed persons, in order to find out if the economic unit for which they work has a name.
[Omitted figure]
Name of the economic unit. The trade name, business name or name with which a company, institution or business advertises itself.
[p.249]
Conceptual clarifications:
The name of the economic unit may refer to the name of the owner of the business or company, it may appear in visible locations, such as facades or lighted signs or may not appear as such, but allows the business to be recognized in the community. Furthermore, an economic unit may or may not be registered with any government agency.
The mere availability of a professional license, plates or the concession, (as occurs in the case of professionals and taxi drivers, respectively) does not constitute a name for the ENOE. Belonging to a group or coalition of taxi drivers, on the other hand, does constitute a name.
Instructions:
Identification of common name:
In the cases of businesses that lack a specific generic name, put the words factory, firm, office after the products produced or sold or the services provided, as applicable: bicycle repair workshop, law firm, administrative office, gift store.
- Identification of the initials of corporations and non-profit organizations. If an economic unit is registered under any of these "regimens", write the complete name of the unit, including the initials of corporation or non-profit organization, as applicable. The initials that may be reported are: Sociedad en Nombre Colectivo [General Partnership] (SNC), Sociedad en Comandita Simple [Special Limited Partnership] (SCS), Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada [Limited Liability Corporation] (SRL), Sociedad Anónima [Corporation] (SA), Sociedad en Comandita por Acciones [Joint Stock Company] (SCA) and Sociedad Cooperativa [Cooperative Society].
Non-profit organizations or associations are identified with the initials AC for Asociación Civil (Civil Association) and IAP for Institución de Asistencia Privada (Private Assistance Institution). They may refer to sporting, religious, cultural organizations or associations, with a basically non-economic purpose, therefore they are known as non-profit institutions.
[p.250]
set of establishments, in improvised facilities when there is no site or ambulatory, visiting clients or in a private home.
When the economic units operate in a single address or are ambulatory, it is generally easy to identify the main activity to which they are dedicated because they perform the activities of a single economic sector, but that may not be so in the case of those that operate under the same business name in more than one establishment (address), where in each of them, activities may be conducted related to one or more economic sectors, such that they are comprised of branches or auxiliary establishments.
As mentioned in question 3e, identifying the main activity to which the economic unit is dedicated is very important, since the information will have to be recorded throughout battery of questions 4. The characteristics of an auxiliary unit are discussed again below, as a reference for you to identify the main one.
We know that an auxiliary establishment is characterized by:
2. Having the same business name as the establishment to which it belongs.
3. Not conducting activities with third parties, on its own behalf, or producing goods or services for sale (regardless of the value of one or another activity) or for another productive process of the same company on which it depends (this situation would automatically make it a producing establishment, in an independent economic unit).
4. Having an independent physical location, at an address not contiguous with that of the producing establishment to which it belongs.
Examples of establishments that perform support services for the establishments to which they belong: administrative offices, warehouses, shops, payment receiving offices, sales or procurement offices, parking lots exclusively for clients and employees, warranty repair and maintenance workshops, and, in general, those establishments that have contact with clients on behalf of the establishments with which they share a name or business name.
As an example, below are listed the ways of identifying whether the establishment where a person works performs main or support activities:
[p.251]
Footnote: Classifying the activity throughout the battery of questions means that once the main activity that the company or establishment for which the interviewee works is identified, all data compiled from question 4 and until the end of its sequence in this battery will be aimed at characterizing said activity.
[p.252]
- People who work in an economic unit that does have a name.
- If the interviewee is an independent worker, adapt the question as follows: What is your mechanic's shop called? This will avoid the interviewee confusing the name of the business itself with those of his clients. It should be noted that, in any case, the generic name replaces the proper name of the economic unit, or vice versa.
- If an economic unit is entered as a corporation or non-profit organization, enter the initials after the name or business name.
Examples:
- Escuela Venustiano Carranza, AC (Venustiano Carranza School)
- Taller de reparación automotriz Atlas, SA de CV (Atlas Automotive Repair Shop)
- Those who state they provide social services or conduct their professional practice. Identify the characteristics of the economic unit for which they work.
- Workers who are part of a company's payroll, but do their job in their employer's or superior's home performing, generally, domestic tasks. In cases like these, do not correct the information entered in question 3 for any reason, despite the reference to domestic work, and in this question, record the name of the company.
- Those who state they do not know the name of the economic unit, but are certain that it does have one. In situations like this, circle this option and on the line write, first, the generic name, and then the words
[p.253]
Does not know or remember the name of the economic unit. For example: salon, does not remember the name; public school, does not know the name.
Government institutions. If the name alludes to administrative areas, commissions, committees, councils, coordinations, directorates, etc., specify only the full name of the secretariat or government agency to which it belongs. In addition to the foregoing, when recording the information, keep the following guidelines in mind:
- Chamber of Senators
- Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation
- Council of Judicial Power
- Proprietary sector. Specify only in the case of health, education, welfare and financial services institutions.
- Hospital Juarez, public.
- Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo (UACH), public.
- Santa Maria nursing home, private.
- Anita Brenner School, private.
- Level of government. Enter this only if the establishment could be confused with institutions of a different level of government.
- Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR), federal.
- Secretariat of the Interior, state.
- Secretariat of Social Development, municipal.
- Secretariat of Natural Resources of the State of Sinaloa.
- Federal Electricity Commission (CFE).
[p.254]
local office or section of a government agency or a union, ask for the name of the government organization or the union to which it belongs.
- Naval Zone of Huatulco. In this case, enter Mexican Secretariat of the Navy (SEMAR).
- Initials or acronyms. Put them in parentheses.
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), National Autonomous University of Mexico.
- Oficinas de la Secretaría de Gobernación (SEGOB), Offices of the Secretariat of the Interior.
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Center for Research and Advanced Studies.
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares (ICN), Nuclear Sciences Institute.
- If initials are part of the name of the economic unit, do not put them in parentheses.
- Tienda del ISSSTE (ISSSTE Store)
- Tienda de la CFE (CFE Store)
- Funeraria del IMSS (IMSS Funeral Home)
- Oficina de la SEP estatal (State SEP Office)
- Economic units awarded by concession, that is, businesses who perform their activities within the facilities of another unit, for example, a travel agency, boutique, pharmacy, car rental agency inside a corporate hotel; a cafeteria, book store, gift store, inside a museum.
The type of additional questions you may ask include:
- Does the stationery shop where Luis works belong to the university or is it private?
- Does the restaurant where Amanda works belong to the same store or is it another company?
[p.255]
- Workers dedicated to trades (masons, carpenters, merchants, gardeners, house painters, plumbers).
- Technicians and professionals. In the case of professionals, they may have a professional license, but, for the survey, having one does not mean they have a name.
- Workers dedicated to domestic service who work in their own home: people who wash and iron other people's clothes.
- Economic units of farm and livestock workers. Do not confuse the name of the plot, farm (economic unit) with that of the communal land or town where it is located.
- Domestic servants, per se, that is, housekeepers, drivers, laundresses, butler, nanny, ironer, servant, security guard.
- Non-domestic servants in personal service, such as nurses and teachers.
In this latter case it is important that you ask additional questions to ascertain whether they are effectively subordinate workers and not independent: who set the working conditions (income, work schedule, etc.) for the performance of your job?
That said, among workers who provide services to domestic units are those who work directly for these units, that is, who were hired by them, and those people who are employed by a private job placement agency.
In the first case, circle this option; in the second, circle option 1, as it is a person employed directly by the company whose work consists of providing cleaning services, care of the elderly or the sick, child care, to homes that request it.
[p.256]
economic unit, and in which said workers and not the economic unit on which they depend, are solely responsible for the workers who support or replace them.
The direct employees of the economic unit become a type of employer or independent economic unit, and therefore, exclusively responsible for the workers who support or replace them. The indirect workers may work at the same site where their employer works or in their own home or the place indicated by the latter.
Examples:
- Ramiro replaces his uncle in cleaning the facilities of the company where he works, because the uncle is sick. In exchange, Ramiro received from his uncle's hands, not from the company, the weekly salary due to the uncle.
- Andrés helps his father, who is a mason, who in turn works as a salaried employee of a contractor: Andrés is not paid for helping his father.
Subordinate workers who work outside of the scope of the private home in which the domestic unit that hired their services operates, as in the case of a person who is hired by a homemaker to clean some land she owns; the worker hired by a grant recipient to assist in the completion of their professional thesis.
Note that in the two cases cited, the subordinate worker was hired by a non-economically active person to generate goods and services.
4. Is a worker abroad
- Workers who work in economic units located outside of the national territory, as well as those who work for foreign consulates or embassies located in Mexico.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2 or 9, continue with question 4a; if you circle option 3, go to question 5; if you circle option 4, go to question 8.
[p.257]
Question 4a
This question is asked to employed persons to know the economic activities performed in the economic units for which they work in their main job, in order to classify them by economic activity sector.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Economic activity. The set of actions performed by an economic unit for the fundamental purpose of producing marketable good and services in the market to generate monetary or in-kind income.
Economic activity sector. Classification of the economic activities, according to the type of good or service the economic units generate.
Instructions:
In describing the main activities to which the economic unit is dedicated, do not record unnecessary information, therefore keep in mind the following general guidelines:
[Omitted table]
[p.258]
- Once the main activity to which the economic unit is dedicated is identified, describe it in detail. Below are the essential elements you should include in the information you record in this question to guaranty its correct classification:
[Omitted table]
[p.259]
[p.260]
[p.261]
[p.262]
[p.263]
[p.264]
[p.265]
- What type of work does "Textilera San Marcos", for which you worked last week, do?
- What type of work did Mr. Emilio do last week?
To further clarify the information, describe in detail the type of activity. To do this, ask additional questions, such as the following:
[p.266]
- In addition to demolishing buildings, does it also build them?
- What types of installations does it complete in the buildings: air conditioning, screens for bathrooms, anti-theft devices, electricity, gas piping, plumbing, floors, agricultural irrigation systems?
- If an informant reports that the economic unit for which they work performs more than one activity, ask what is the main one and underline it. Respect their response. For example, selling groceries, preparing and selling food, or collecting medicinal herbs and providing medical care; ask which is the most important activity. Record both, but underline the one reported as main.
- When an economic unit's activities vary throughout the year, for example: in one season it is dedicated to agricultural activities and in another, building homes; to selling ice cream in spring and summer and selling flags in September and toys in December. Record the activities performed during the reference period.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the information recorded, continue with question 4b.
[Omitted figure]
[p.267]
1. Is an agricultural activity
- Those working for economic units dedicated to vegetable aquaculture activities (growing algae and other aquatic plants in controlled environments).
- The economic units that are dedicated to performing beekeeping activities (breeding and caring for bees to exploit their wax, honey, royal jelly).
Exclude from this option those dedicated to:
- Farming aquatic animal species, as these are classified in option 4.
- Conducting forestry activities (planting, reforestation and felling trees, as well as collecting forest products, such as bark, rubber, moss, balsam), as these are classified in option 4.
- Fishing and hunting animals for commercial purposes or exploitation of their byproducts, as these are classified in option 4.
Examples:
- The cattle breeder who is also dedicated to the production of dairy.
- The company that, in addition to growing vegetables, is dedicated to dehydrating and packaging them.
- The catkin collector who also makes wax.
2. Is an educational institution or a hospital
- Personnel who work for institutions such as the Council for Educational Development (CONAFE) or the National Institute for Adult Education (INEA).
[p.268]
2. Is an educational institution or a hospital
Exclude from this option:
- Personnel who work in public institutions whose main activity is to carry out administrative control, as in the case of offices of the Secretariat of Public Education or state education institutes, since these are classified in option 3.
- Self-employed workers who provide educational services, as these are classified in option 4.
- Those who work in second and third level medical institutions, whether public or private.
The second level medical units are characterized by having hospitalization areas, most of them with 24-hour emergency departments; those that are third level by the degree of specialization, addressing complex illnesses that put people at risk of death, and because they conduct scientific research.
When classifying the information for third level medical units, prioritize the medical care services over the research activities. Also prioritize hospitalization care when a worker works in establishments that combine inpatient and outpatient medical care.
Examples:
- Medical surgery center San Martín, private
- Regional IMSS hospital in Tampico
- Puerto de Hierro Tepic Medical Center (hospital), private
- National Psychiatric Institute
- ISSSTE Clinical Hospital
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Dr. Salvador Zubirán
Exclude from this option:
[p.269]
2. Is an educational institution or a hospital
- Workers who work for public and private institutions dedicated to providing welfare services: nursing homes, nurseries, persuasive orientation centers and telephone psychological support, soup kitchens, homes for single mothers, orphanages, etc. Classify them in option 3 or 4, based on the proprietary sector.
- Self-employed workers who provide in-home care for senior citizens, the disabled, sick and children: nurses, nannies. Classify them in option 4.
3. Is a public institution or a non-profit organization
- Workers who work for public sector clinics that provide outpatient consultation services and general or specialized ambulatory surgery. Exclude economic units that provide hospital services, whether in the public or private sector, as they are classified in option 2.
- Personnel who work for informal public education institutions, such as day care centers (whose main function is to provide welfare services), training centers for and at work, such as the Occupational Teaching Center (CEO), Job Training Center (CECATI) or the Juan Diego Community Development Center IAP.
- Workers who work for institutions dedicated to capturing public resources to support the development of economic projects through the granting of credits and loans: Bancomext (Banco Nacional de Comercio Exterior [National Bank of Foreign Trade]), Fifomi (Fideicomiso Fondo Minero [Miner's Fund Trust]), Fovissste (Fondo de la Vivienda del ISSSTE [ISSSTE Housing Fund]), Board of the National San Marco Fair, Federal Mortgage Company.
- Those who work for non-profit institutions: civil, commercial, labor, political, professional, recreational and religious organizations and associations (Regional Cattle Union of Aguascalientes, Association to Fight Cancer, Sea Cortés, AC, Red Cross, Cáritas).
4. Is a private sector activity or business
- Those who work for economic units dedicated to the collection of forest products, such as mullein, catkin, fruit, medicinal herbs, lechuguilla, wood, moss, resin, for marketing purposes.
[p.270]
4. Is a private sector activity or business
- Subordinate or independent workers who work for clinics or general or specialty medical offices, for outpatient consultation, of the private sector. Include those who work in their own home or that of their patients providing outpatient medical care.
- Workers who work for private clinics and private offices dedicated to personal care. Includes those who work in their own home or that of their clients providing personal care services.
- Those who work providing informal educational services: remedial teacher in their own home or the home of their clients; the teacher or instructor of aerobics, martial arts, cooking, languages, knitting, yoga.
5. Still cannot be determined
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, go to question 5a; if you circle option 2 or 3, go to question 4d; if you circle option 4 or 5, continue with question 4c.
Question 4c
This question is asked to employed persons who work for private economic units (with the exception of those in the agriculture/livestock, education and health sectors) and who were classified in option 4 or 5 in the last question, to find out in what type of economic unit they work.
[Omitted figure]
[p.271]
Conceptual clarifications:
While it is true that from a literal reading of options 1 and 2, a spontaneous response is expected from the interviewee, without questioning it, it is important that you know the characteristics of the type of economic units considered in each response option, but first it is important to state that:
For tax purposes, a person may perform their economic activities as an individual or as a legal entity, as the laws establish different treatment for each, and this determines the form and requirements for enrollment in the Federal Taxpayers Registry (RFC) and the obligations acquired.
Individual is a person with the capacity to enter into obligations and rights.
Legal entity is a group of people who join with a specific purpose, for example, a corporation, a non-profit organization.
The registration of an economic unit with the RFC indicates the types of rights and obligations to which they are subject, as well as the conformation of the capital stock or their equity. In the case of companies or businesses registered under the scope of the law of corporations, it is the organization, and not the members, that faces the legal or commercial actions the company may assume at any given moment.
In exchange, independent, personal and family economic units are cataloged as individual (companies or businesses must respond personally and directly for the rights and obligations that give rise to legal or commercial actions of their economic unit, and whose capital is private). In other words, these are formal and informal businesses not incorporated as a company.
Based on the foregoing, it is important that you know that option number one groups economic units under the individual system, the second legal entities and the third includes economic units that are not placed under the modality of private businesses to channel them to a sequence for institutions.
[Omitted figure]
[p.272]
1. Independent, personal or family
- Those who work for independent economic units that operate under the modality of franchise or concession.
- Franchise. Business system based on the right to use a trade name and technical, administrative and operative advice to properly operate the business. That is, one of the parties grants the other the license to use its trade name, as well as its knowledge and experience (the know-how), to effectively and consistently operate a business, in order to guaranty homogeneity in the quality and characteristics of the services or goods administered.
As is evident, in this type of business method, the establishments adopt the same trade name, but have a different proprietary economic unit, which, when registered, requires the payment of a royalty in favor of the franchise owner.
Concession. Legal and administrative act under which a company grants to another the right of use, consumption and exploitation of an establishment for the production or distribution of goods or, as applicable, the provision of a service subject to the pre-established provisions of a commercial contract.
In this case you can see that it adopts its own trade name, which is exploited by a different proprietary economic unit to take advantage of a business or activity, for which it must make a payment and guaranty the quality of specific services.
2. A private sector company or business
Corporation (legal entity). Entity that is predominantly economic and whose capital is private, created by law and made up of partners who are obligated to combine their resources or efforts to fulfill a common good.
[p.273]
2. A private sector company or business
Franchise. Business system based on the right to use a trade name and technical, administrative and operative advice to properly operate the business. That is, one of the parties grants the other the license to use its trade name, as well as its knowledge and experience (know-how), to effectively and consistently operate a business, in order to guaranty homogeneity in the quality and characteristics of the services or goods administered.
Concession. Understood as the legal and administrative act under which a company grants to another the right of use, consumption and exploitation of an establishment for the production or distribution of goods or, as applicable, the provision of a service subject to the pre-established provisions of a commercial contract.
In this case you can see that it adopts its own trade name, which is exploited by a different proprietary economic unit to take advantage of a business or activity, for which it must make a payment and guaranty the quality of specific services.
3. None of the above
- Dilemma. If the information available does not permit you to determine with certainty whether you should circle option 1 or 2, circle the first.
- Circle option 3, only if so far you have found that it is not a business, but rather a non-profit institution, but you have not been able to classify the response in the preceding question.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, go to question 4e; if you circle option 2, go to question 4h; if you circle option 3, go to question 4d.
[p.274]
Question 4d
This question is asked to those who work for government institutions (including parastatal institutions), autonomous and non-governmental organizations, to learn specifically the institutional sector to which they belong.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
In order to answer the requirements of the National Accounts System (SCN), this question groups economic units in two columns: legal-administrative, defined based on the way in which the political constitution of our country classifies institutions, and the second, based on the functional economic plan, that is, based on the way in which the institutions obtain their resources, the way in which they are administered and on whom they depend.
1. Legal-administrative level. Under this focus the economic units are divided into three powers: legislative, executive and judicial. Below, the institutions that make up each power are specified in graph form.
Judicial Power (federal and state). In charge of overseeing compliance with the Constitution and laws derived from it. This power is represented by the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation, the Electoral Court, the collegiate and unitary circuit courts, district courts and the Federal Judiciary Council.
[Omitted figure]
[p.275]
Legislative Power (federal and state). Its main function consists of drafting laws, discussing the country's problems (or of the state, as applicable) and overseeing the actions of the other powers. This power is expressed through the Congress of the Union, represented by the Chambers of Representatives and Senators, and by the Legislative Assembly, in the case of the Federal District.
[Omitted figure]
Executive Power (federal, state and municipal). Its main function consists of promulgating and enforcing the laws issued by the Congress of the Union, directing relations with other countries, freely appointing and removing office secretaries and other employees of the Union (whose appointment and removal are not determined in any other way in the constitution and in the laws), etc. The executive power of the President of the Republic is repeated, in some way, at the level of the following two political-administrative units: state and municipal.
[Omitted figure]
[p.276]
2. Functional economic level. Under this perspective the economic units are divided, first, according to the proprietary sector, into public or private. Within the public sector the following are distinguished:
- Institutions that, while they do receive government financing, are not administered by it.
Finally, institutions that do not receive resources and are not administered by the government, that is, private sector institutions, are also grouped in this level.
The following graph shows the classification indicated:
[Omitted figure]
[p.277]
Institutions administered by the government This classification groups the federal, state and municipal governments, schools, hospitals, production and service companies, and financial organizations.
The general government, that is, the offices and departments of the federal, state and municipal governments dedicated to administration of the nation's resources and assets, both directly and through the regulation and legislation of the economic, social and political practices, as well as the chambers of legislators and the armed forces. These units are characterized by not working for profit and not generating income. The form of financing of this sector is through taxes, fees, duties and recovery administered and distributed among the government agencies through assigned budgets.
The government may assign resources to different institutions and companies that provide services. In some of the companies or institutions, the government only participates by providing financial resources, but in others it has the authority to intervene in their management, both of the resources and of the company's organization.
Parastatal company. These are institutions in which the federal, state or local government holds more than 50 percent of the capital stock and there is a percentage of private capital to perform the activities of producing goods, marketing merchandise or providing services. One of their characteristics is that they obtain revenues for the goods or services made or provided.
Institutions with autonomy of organic and administrative management. In general terms it groups three types of economic units: autonomous bodies, non-profit institutions and political parties.
Autonomous bodies. This type of institution is characterized by having a legal status and its own equity, technical and budgetary autonomy. While its holders are required to provide records to other levels of government, they are not appointed directly (or unilaterally) by any of the three powers, nor are they administered through their officials.
Non-profit institutions. This type of institution is characterized by being dedicated to fulfilling a common social purpose or for the collective benefit. It includes organizations such as churches, schools, public charitable institutions, clinics and hospitals, legal aid societies, political organizations, professional associations, volunteer service institutions, museums, research institutions. See annex 1.
To classify the information by institutional sectors, according to the requirements of the National Accounts System, the information recorded in the preceding questions (4, 4a and 4b) must be analyzed together; as there is not always consistency between the classification of the information entered in question 4 and that in 4d, as each one has a different purpose.
[p.278]
Structure of the question
Question 4d is divided into two sections, identified with the digits 1 and 2: a government institution and an institution not administered by the government, respectively; and code 9 to classify ambiguous responses in which all that is known is that it is an institution of public interest.
The first section is separated into 8 response options to group the institutions that are financed and administered by the government.
[Omitted figure]
The second section includes, according to the type of main activity to which it is dedicated, in general terms, five types of institutions: private sector educational and hospitals; upper level education institutions and institutions dedicated to various activities, but which are financed by the government even when they have autonomy in their organic operation and in relation to decision making; non-profit civil institutions; international organizations and political parties.
[Omitted figure]
[p.279]
Instructions:
Priority criteria
Taking into consideration that there are departments that perform more than one function, it was decided to define priority criteria when classifying the information:
2. Parastatal company. When the information refers to this type of economic unit, circle sub-option 1.2, regardless of the level of government to which the institution corresponds.
3. Provision of welfare, formal education and health services. When the information refers to government educational, medical or welfare institutions, prioritize this type of activity over the level of government to which it pertains. That is, circle sub-option 1.3.
4. Institutions dedicated to providing informal education are classified according to the level of government: federal, state or municipal: 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6, respectively.
5. Institutions dedicated to administration and management. Classified according to the level of government (1.4, 1.5 or 1.6, respectively). Its main activity consists of performing public administration and management activities. Institutions dedicated to this type of activity are Secretariats of State, general departments, offices and agencies linked directly to the executive power: institutes, councils and commissions, whose holders are designated, precisely, by the Executive Power.
6. Government institutions dedicated to providing cultural and entertainment services, such as museums, libraries, archaeological sites, planetariums, classified according to the level of government (federal, state or municipal, codes 1.4, 1.5 or 1.6, respectively) to which they pertain, even when they charge for their services, as they are not incorporated as companies with legal status of the institution or department on which they depend.
7. Educational and research institutions. When the institutions are dedicated to research and providing educational services at the master or doctoral level, the educational activity has priority, option 1.3 or 2.1, as applicable.
8. Hospital and research institutions. If an institution conducts hospital care activities and also research, the hospital service activity has priority, option 1.3 or 2.1, as applicable.
[p.280]
10. Non-profit institutions. Any institution incorporated as a civil association (AC), non-profit civil institution (SC), private charitable association (ABP) or private welfare institution (IAP), regardless of where its financing comes from, should be classified based on the main activity to which it is dedicated. Annex 1 presents specific examples of the correct classification of this type of institution throughout battery of questions 4.
Based on the rules of priority, as an example, this is how ISSSTE establishments should be classified:
[Omitted table]
Below are the specific instructions by sub-option:
[p.281]
A government institution
1. Judicial power or legislative power
Institutions of any of the powers cited below regardless of the level of government to which they belong:
- Electoral courts
- State and Federal District Courts
- District associate courts
- District courts
- Federal Judiciary Council
- Chamber of Representatives
- Chamber of Senators
- Legislative Assembly of the Federal District
It is important to clarify that the judicial police are not part of the Judicial Power, but rather of the Executive Power, as it is dependent on the latter; therefore, it should be classified in sub-option 1.4. or 1.5, based on the level of government to which the information refers.
2. Public or parastatal company
When classifying this type of economic units, give priority to the fact that they are companies dedicated to the production of goods and services for the market over the level of government to which it belongs: federal, state or municipal, or a combination of any of these.
Examples:
- IMSS vacation center
- Compañía de Luz y Fuerza del Centro, S.A.
- Notimex
- Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)
- Estudios Churubusco S.A.
- Federal Roads and Bridges and Related Services
3. Schools, hospitals, clinics and welfare services administered by the government
- Institutions that combine education with research. In the case of non-autonomous public institutes that, in addition to conducting scientific and technological research and development work, provide education at the master and doctoral level, give priority to the function related to providing educational services.
[p.282]
3. Schools, hospitals, clinics and welfare services administered by the government
- Institutions that combine education with research. In the case of non-autonomous public institutes that, in addition to conducting scientific and technological research and development work, provide education at the master and doctoral level, give priority to the function related to providing educational services.
Examples:
- Benito Juarez Federal Cooperative Preparatory School.
- Humanities Research and Education Center of the State of Morelos (CIDHEM).
- Food and Development Research Center (CIAD).
Exclude from this sub-option:
- Workers of institutions whose main function is limited to scientific and technological research activities, such that they do not include professional educational training. These institutions are classified in the respective sub-option.
- State and municipal cultural centers dedicated to providing informal education: courses in painting, sculpture, music, dance, among others, as these are classified according to the government level to which they pertain.
- Public institutions that provide medical care services at any level (outpatient and inpatient). Remember that in the case of hospitals that combine medical care with research, you should give priority to the medical care service.
Examples:
- IMSS Clinical Hospital
- National Medical Center "20 de Noviembre"
- National Perinatal Institute
- Infectious Disease Research Center (CISEI)
[p.283]
3. Schools, hospitals, clinics and welfare services administered by the government
- Public welfare assistance institutions, such as day care centers, homes, nursing homes and rehabilitation centers for alcoholics and drug addicts, among others.
Exclude from this option those who work for:
- Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) and ISSSTE, dedicated to administrative and other activities apart from medical care and welfare, as these are classified based on the type of activity to which they are dedicated: marketing products, offering tourism services, administrative services.
4. Government or federal agencies
All federal agencies whose purpose is to satisfy social needs, for example:
- Secretariats of state: Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL), Secretariat of Tourism (SECTUR).
- Commissions: Radio Broadcasting Commission, National Water Commission (CONAGUA), National Sports Commission (CONADE).
- Councils: National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT), National Council for Culture and the Arts (CONACULTA)
- Institutes dedicated to an activity other than education and health services: Educational Assessment Institute (IEE), National Migration Institute (INM).
- Federal social rehabilitation centers (CEFERESO).
- Mexican Army, Air Force and Navy.
- Government institutions that are in charge of designing policies to address the issues they have been assigned, as well as the administrative monitoring to achieve their objectives.
Exclude those who work for:
- The judicial and legislative powers, as these are classified in sub-option 1.1.
- Public and parastatal companies, as these are classified in sub-option 1.2.
- Educational institutions and those dedicated to health services, as these are classified in sub-option 1.3.
- Government financial organizations, as these are classified in sub-option 1.7.
[p.284]
5. State government (includes Federal District)
- Secretariat of Social Development (SEDESOL) of Zacatecas
- State medical arbitration commission
- Council of minors in the state
- Finance department
- Aquaculture institute of the state of sonora
- State Highway Patrol
- Attorney's office for citizen assistance
- Undersecretariat of public works
- Museums, libraries, archaeological and planetariums, among other establishments, are classified according to the level of government to which they pertain. They are classified here, even though collection activities may indicate they are economic units independent of the organizations on which they depend.
6. Municipal government (includes federal district local offices)
- Municipal Transit of Cajeme
- DIF of Jilotepec
- Municipal Government of Ensenada
- Municipal sports center
- Municipal treasury
- Municipal fire station
- Public municipal services, except when they have been awarded by government concession to private companies, as in the case of filling potholes, among others.
7. None of the above
Examples:
- High Performance Sports Fund
- Rural Finance Agency
- Board of the Fair
9. DK
[p.285]
An institution not administered by the government. Institutions or organizations in which the government does not have administrative interference are grouped in this option. Some of the organizations classified here receive financing from the government, however, they have administrative autonomy. International and private institutions are also classified in this option.
1. Private educational institution or hospital
Examples:
- Faculty of dentistry at the University of Matamoros, A. C.
Examples:
- Clínica hospital San Jorge, S.A. de C.V., private
- Hospital de la Cruz Roja, I.A.P., private
- Hospital Ángeles de Xalapa, Ver., private
- Health institutions that, in addition to hospital services, carry out scientific and technological research activities in this field of knowledge, as hospital services have priority over research.
Examples:
- OCA Hospital, private (OCA means Organización Clínica América, a hospital that has a research center)
Exclude from this option first level medical units (general and specialty medical offices, dispensaries, outpatient consultation and ambulatory surgery clinics) of non-profit institutions, as these are classified in sub-option 5.
[p.286]
2. An autonomous and public institution of intermediate to upper level or upper level education studies (UNAM, UACH, autonomous state universities)
Examples:
- Universidad Veracruzana
- Universidad de Guadalajara
Exclude universities and other private educational institutions, which, although they are called autonomous, are not, as these, are classified in sub-option 2.1.
Examples:
- Universidad Autónoma del Noreste
- Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México
3. Autonomous bodies (IFE, State and Electoral Institutes, National or State Human Rights Commissions)
Examples:
- Federal Voter Registry
- Contentious-Administrative Court of the Federal District
- National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI)
4. Church, professional association, chamber or union
[p.287]
4. Church, professional association, chamber or union
Examples:
- Confederation of Workers of Mexico (CTM)
- Laborer's Center
- Sociedad cooperativa de Pepenadores del Relleno Sanitario la Pitaya, A. C.
- National association of importers
5. Civil association not classified in the preceding options
Examples:
- Churches or religious associations
- Jalisco Academy for the Support of Indigenous Groups
- Ministerios de Amor, A.C.
- Children's Rehabilitation Center Telethon (CRIT)
- Rotary Club
- Asociación Tradicional de Scouts de México, A.C.
- El Refugio Animal Protection Association
Exclude from this option civil institutions whose main activity consists of providing formal education, medical assistance and those dedicated to industrial production.
6. International organization
- United Nations Organization (UN)
- Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA)
- Regional Center for Disaster Information (CRID)
- Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA)
7. Political party
8. None of the above
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 5.
[p.288]
Question 4e
This question is asked to employed persons who work for independent economic units, to find out whether or not they have an establishment to perform their activities, and if so, to find out what type it is.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
As opposed to question 3f, in this question the concept of establishment has a more restricted meaning; it refers to a type of building, that is, to a fixed and permanent construction, covered by walls and roof, for example, warehouse, premises, office, hotel, industrial plant; or a construction with the characteristics described, but without a roof, as in the case of concrete slab (stones) located inside the markets where fresh foods are sold, mainly.
Exclude facilities, such as fixed, semi-fixed or improvised stands, private homes, spaces delimited by fences of any material (chain-link fences, wood).
If an economic unit performs its activities in an establishment, consider it to have one only if it meets the following conditions:
- If it leases the establishment or premises.
- If it has an establishment or premises in the form of a lease; in this case, as long as it is only used by the economic unit to which it is loaned; if it is shared with another or others, do not consider it to have an establishment.
Examples:
- Cristina has her salon in a premise she borrowed from a relative. Consider her to have an establishment.
[p.289]
1. Has an establishment and office
Office. Delimited space in which exclusively desk (administrative) work is performed.
2. Only has an office or firm
Firm. Delimited space in which professional services are provided.
3. Only has a premises
Premises. Enclosed site or place that is part of a building, in which commercial, industrial or personal services are provided.
Economic units that have concrete slabs, commonly known as "stones" that are often found inside markets or wholesale produce markets, on which the tenants exhibit their products.
4. Has no premises, office or establishment
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, go to question 4h; if you circle option 2 or 3, go to question 4g; and if you circle option 4 or 9, continue with question 4f.
[p.290]
Question 4f
This question is asked to employed persons who work for an independent business or activity, whether personal or family that do not have an establishment, premises or office, in order to find out the place where the economic unit conducts its activities.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
It is important to keep in mind that this question is focused on identifying the place where the economic unit operates, not the place where the interviewee works. It is worth stating that the place where both the economic unit and the interviewee work may be the same.
The units classified here are characterized, mainly, by their lack of a typical premises or establishment located in a permanent location, built with constructions or fixed facilities.
Consequently, they operate on public roads on foot or installed in public spaces, using lightweight facilities so that can be moved from place to place, or at their own home.
As there is no establishment or premises, the purpose of this question is to identify only whether they have any type of minimum facilities as a work tool, regardless of the public location where the economic activity is performed or if they have none. In this way, for example, a merchant may be dedicated to selling candies in the subway (that is, walking from one side to the other) carrying a container in their hands in which they bring their merchandise, or having a table installed outside of their house, or having a semi-fixed stand in a park.
In addition to the foregoing, in order to classify the information in this question, consider the main activity to which the economic unit is dedicated, so you should keep in mind the information entered in question 4a. If a combination of activities appears there, when classifying prioritize one of these according to the following criteria:
[p.291]
1. Extraction or collection activities, along with production. If an economic unit is dedicated, in addition to extracting and collecting, to manufacturing some product, identify where the production activity takes place.
Examples:
[Omitted table]
2. Manufacturing activities. If the information indicates that an economic unit is dedicated to preparing and selling some product (except foods), circle the option according to the place where it is prepared.
Examples:
[Omitted table]
Examples:
[p.292]
4. Food preparation and/or service activities. If an economic unit is dedicated to selling foods and beverages, ask if they are sold to the end consumer or to an intermediary. If they are for the end consumer, that is, directly to the public, circle the option that indicates the place where they are sold: on foot, in an improvised stand, private home with or without special facilities, semi-fixed stand. If they are sold to intermediaries, who in turn resell them, identify the place where they are prepared.
Consider an economic unit to operate on a vehicle (motorized or not, fixed or moving), only if the main activity is carried out on the vehicular unit: transporting cargo or people, marketing or providing personal services (sale of food, for example).
Do not consider the vehicle the place where the main activity is carried out if it serves only as an instrument of support for the performance of the substantive activity of the economic unit: transporting the raw materials used in a productive process, distributing the merchandise of a company dedicated to agricultural/livestock activities, marketing, extraction or manufacturing.
In the case of shaved ice, ice pops and freeze pops, or fermented beverages such as pulque, tejuino, tepache and foods such as candies, lollipops, pork rinds, tortilla products, bakery and dairy products (cheese, yogurt), circle, as an exceptional case, the option that indicates where they are prepared, not where they are sold.
Examples:
[p.293]
5. Marketing activities. When an economic unit is dedicated only to marketing (purchase-sale) activities, identify the place where the economic transaction takes place: from house to house or in the street, in an improvised stand, in a vehicle (with or without a motor), in their own home (with or without special facilities), in a semi-fixed stand.
Identify the type of vehicle an economic unit has to conduct its commercial activity, only if said activity is conducted on the vehicle. Do not consider it if the vehicular unit is only used as a means to transport the merchandise.
Examples:
[Omitted table]
6. Independent vendors of catalog products. In this case, circle the option according to the informant's response: option 08 in the home or property of the employer or in the location requested by the clients or 02 on foot house to house or in the street.
[p.294]
7. Economic activities on foot. If an economic unit is dedicated to marketing or providing services on the public roads and has a vehicle to conduct its activities, give priority to the fact that it has a vehicle (with or without a motor) to conduct its economic activity, but only when the main activity is carried out on the vehicle; if it only serves as support, assign code 02.
[Omitted table]
8. Order of the options. It is important to note that the order of the options has a basic purpose: to identify the level of insecurity under which the economic units that lack an establishment operate. This level, in general terms, is greater in the first options and lower in the later ones. So, an economic unit is classified based on the type of resources it has, determined by the type of facilities or the place where its activities are conducted.
[p.295]
Examples:
Fishermen can be classified as follows:
- Mr. Puk has a canoe. Circle option 04.
- Mr. Salvatierra has a motorboat. Circle option 05.
- The candy shop for which Carmen works has a fixed stand opposite the market. In order to increase revenues, she walks the streets and nearby businesses with a cardboard box in her hands in, which she offers her merchandise. Circle code 10 fixed stand.
01. In the field, open air, dam, pool, sea.
The economic units classified here have small owners, are characterized by having few agricultural implements, for example a tractor, but not more sophisticated infrastructure like pumped, droplet or spray irrigation systems, or the availability of agricultural implements like harvesters, sprayers, seeders, rakes and threshers.
In the case of the livestock sector, the units classified here are dedicated to the breeding of livestock and poultry, beekeeping, by tenancy or on communal and private property, such that they do not have facilities for systematic exploitation.
In the case of the fishing industry, the units classified here are characterized by performing their activities in estuaries, rivers and because they do not use sophisticated fishing implements, such as sonar or trawl nets; it includes units dedicated to growing aquatic species in dams, ponds and pools.
- Those dedicated to collecting non-timber forest products, such as wild fruits, medicinal and ornamental plants.
- People dedicated to hunting animals for commercial purposes.
[p.296]
01. In the field, open air, dam, pool, sea.
- Preparing charcoal in an oven located in the forest
- Extracting sand and gravel from the river
- Collecting wild herbs and roots.
- Collecting shells on the seashore to sell
- Raising bees to obtain honey
- Hunting scorpions
- Capturing birds for sale
Exclude from this option:
- Economic units dedicated to providing professional or non-professional support services to the primary sector, such as fumigating, pruning fruit trees, cleaning agricultural products, shoeing animals, spraying cattle, shearing, care and healing of cattle, renting agricultural machinery and equipment with operator. Circle option 08 in the home of the employer or in the location requested by the clients.
- Silvio is a veterinarian, he goes to cattle ranches where his services are requested to care for the animals.
- Rosaura provides services harvesting and degraining agricultural products for different agricultural units.
- Economic units that are only dedicated to the purchase-sale of sand and gravel, as they are classified based on the location where the economic transaction takes place.
02. On foot house to house or in the street
These are economic units that lack fixed facilities or because their activity justifies it, they move from one place to another promoting the marketing of their products or services such that they carry containers in their hands or on their shoulders in which they carry merchandise which they sell or the instruments necessary to provide their services.
Examples:
[p.297]
02. On foot house to house or in the street
- The knife sharpener who walks the streets carrying a file in his hands with which he sharpens knives and scissors.
- The candy vendor who walks the market or rides on public transportation with a box in which he carries his merchandise.
- A jewelry and perfume vendor who goes to offices where his clients are.
- A handicrafts vendor who walks the beach carrying necklaces and clothing in his hands.
- A woman who goes from house to house offering the flowers she carries in two buckets.
- Lottery ticket vendor who walks the streets offering his merchandise.
- Scavenger or collector of recyclable materials in public spaces and containers.
- Traveling shoe shine boy.
- Musician who works in bars where he has permission to offer his services inside them.
- Carrying grocery bags.
- Home trash collection service.
Exclude sales agents and other subordinate workers who work for an economic unit which has a premises or establishment, as these are classified in question 4e.
Also exclude economic units dedicated to preparing any product (food or non-food), taking into consideration that to prepare them it is necessary to have minimum facilities to manufacture or prepare it, not walking on foot, so they should be classified in option 03.
03. Improvised stand
Examples:
- The "pirated" CD vendor who exhibits his merchandise on a blanket placed on the ground.
- Juice vendor who makes natural juices on a table set up outside of his house.
- Grain vendor who places several boxes with his products in the open air markets.
[p.298]
- The cooked corn vendor who sets up a portable burner, table and pots on an avenue.
- The craftsman who places merchandise he made himself on a blanket.
04. In vehicle without motor (bicycle, tricycle, cart, boat)
These vehicles may be found moving or remain on the same site during the workday.
Examples:
- The bike taxi driver.
- The lollipop vendor who roams the streets with a hand cart.
- The hot dog vendor on a cart set up every day in the same place.
- Tours in a horse-drawn carriage.
- Loading an unloading service using a hand truck ("dolly").
- Preparation and sale of tacos on a cart.
Exclude from this option economic units dedicated to activities other than trade or transport services and who say they have a vehicle, but where it is only used as another work tool, for example, to transport merchandise or raw materials that will be used for their own productive process or to transport merchandise requested by their clients.
Also exclude from this option carts and wagons installed permanently in corridors of shopping centers and inside other established economic units, as they are classified in option 09 fixed stand.
05. In a motorized vehicle (automobile, motorcycle or pickup truck)
[p.299]
05. In a motorized vehicle (automobile, motorcycle or pickup truck)
- Exhibiting and selling clothing in the trunk of a car.
- In a shuttle, adapted with shelves to exhibit the bread they sell on the street.
- Commercial fishing in a motor boat.
- Collecting recyclable materials in a pickup truck.
- Moving services in a pickup truck.
- Transporting people in a shuttle.
- Transporting children in a miniature train inside a park.
- Teaching how to drive a car.
- Selling corn-on-the-cob in a pickup truck.
- Tours on banana boats or paragliders. In this case, prioritize the fact of having a motor boat to tow the banana.
Exclude from this option economic units that have vehicles as an instrument to support the performance of their own activities, for example, for transport dedicated to marketing, producing, collecting.
06. In their own home without special facilities
Examples:
- The living room of the house which is used for family meetings and to provide spiritual healing services.
- The garage of the house which at night is used to protect the family's vehicle and during the day, as a diner.
- One of the rooms used as a study and to complete computer repair services.
- The kitchen of the home used to make cakes for sale.
- The patio used to prepare wax from catkin.
07. In their own home without special installation
[p.300]
07. In their own home without special installation
- Rooms the home uses exclusively for guests who pay for lodging services.
- The space adapted as an auto body repair and painting workshop.
Example:
08. In the home or property of the employer or in the location requested by the clients
Examples:
- Service workers: private teacher, nurse, salesperson.
- Workers in general repair and maintenance services.
- Independent or subordinate workers who must go to the location of clients who are already part of their portfolio or those who have a probability of incorporating. The service of those workers may be hired via telephone call to their homes or meeting with them personally.
- Construction workers: masons, electricians, fumigators, floor installers, painters, plumbers.
- Workers in personal and professional services: soccer referees, interior decorators, nurses, stylists, photographers, musicians and singers, waiters, clowns, private teachers, choreographers for fifteenth birthday parties, night watchmen or independent security guards in residential areas.
- Workers in repair and maintenance services.
[p.301]
Examples:
- The stand where meats, churros, corn-on-the-cob, chips are prepared, where there may be basic tools, such as a table, pan and gas tank.
- Tubular structures where services are provided or products marketed.
10. Fixed stand
This type of facilities may be tanks, ovens or stands that are installed in public spaces: streets, avenues, public plazas, parks, lots or vacant lots, walkways in shopping centers or inside the facilities of other economic units.
Examples:
- News and magazine stands.
- Stands located inside schools.
- Wire fences that delimit the space of economic units on urban lots or properties (a car lot, for example)
- Brickyard in a vacant lot.
- Tank for fish farming.
11. Other location
Examples:
- Workers who share, on loan, the same premises or facilities with the economic unit that owns it, lacking their own.
[p.302]
- Hector has a public internet; lacking his own premises, his buddy gave him a small space, as a loan, inside his clothing store.
Exclude those who pay to use a space, even if it is shared with another economic unit. In this case, consider them to have a premise.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 4g.
Question 4g
This question is asked to employed persons who work in private, personal or family economic units that do not have an establishment or office, to find out if they keep any type of records.
[Omitted figure]
Accounting records. Systematic accounting of income and expenses of an economic unit, based on the operations conducted by a business and which are presented under accounting rules that may be subject to monitoring or audit.
[p.303]
Instructions:
1. The services of an accountant are used for bookkeeping
2. Only a notebook or personal journal is used for bookkeeping
3. Keep an income journal or has a cash register from the Secretariat of Treasury for small taxpayers
- Those who spontaneously state that they are small taxpayers and state as evidence of that fact that they have a cash register from the Secretariat of Treasury and Public Credit or who go to the offices of the Secretariat to pay their taxes under any of the modalities considered by this agency: fixed fee, annual estimate or determination by law.
4. Do not keep accounting records
5. Refused to answer this question
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 5.
Question 4h
This is asked to those employed persons who work for economic units in the private sector incorporated as corporations or in independent economic units (personal or family) that have an establishment and office, in order to identify the place where they perform their job, to recognize the volume of employment associated with companies with subcontracting practices.
[Omitted figure]
[p.304]
- A worker who works at different sites. If a worker states that they spend part of the workday in two or more different locations, circle the option for the site in which they remain for the longer period of time.
1. In facilities (or vehicles) of
Examples:
- Lilia works in a department store where she is a cashier.
- Felipe is a driver, whose workday takes place in a trailer.
- The domestic servant who is on the payroll of the company of her employer, but physically works in his private home.
2. In the facilities of another company or institution where they are sent
Examples:
- Marcia works as a cosmetics promoter in a department store, although she works for an independent company.
3. Visiting different clients
Examples:
[p.305]
Exclude from this option transport operators, as the transport unit may be considered part of the facilities of the company for which they work, so they are classified in option 1.
4. At the construction site
Examples:
- Carmen is a backhoe driver in the construction of pipelines for natural gas; that is where he is physically working.
5. None of the above
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 4i.
[p.306]
Question 4i
This question is asked to employed persons who work for private sector economic units, incorporated as corporations or independent companies (personal or family) that have an establishment and office, to identify the geographic coverage of the operation of said economic units.
[p.306]
Remember that the basic difference between a concession and a franchise lies in the freedom or limits each modality establishes to produce a good or provide service. The concession offers greater operational freedom, compared with the franchise; in the latter, the franchisee must follow the operating and organizational guidelines established by the franchise owner to the letter.
Instructions:
1. In other countries
Examples:
- Citibank
- Nissan
- Bbva Bancomer
- Bimbo
- Those who work for multinationals that are dedicated to granting concessions. These are classified here because they have an international presence.
[p.307]
2. Only in Mexico, but in several cities in the country
Examples:
- Comercial Mexicana
- JM Romo
- Farmacias Guadalajara
Examples:
- Martinez auto agency, with presence in two cities
- Bodega Aurrerá
Examples:
- Taller de torno Ramón (Lathe workshop Ramón)
4. It is a business that operates under a franchise
Examples:
- OXXO
- Pizza Hut
- Clean and Clean
- Kids Dental Center
[p.308]
7.7 Battery V. Work schedule and work regularity
The purpose of this battery of questions is to characterize the employed population, based on their work schedule, their perception of the time worked and the regularity with which they work in their main job.
Question 5
This question is asked to employed persons to learn the work schedule they have at their main job.
[Omitted figure]
Work schedule. The time during which the subordinate worker is available to their employer to perform the work for which their services were hired or the time the independent worker decides to dedicate to their business or company.
- When people cover the shift of a colleague who is on vacation or is disabled, on leave or absent, circle the option corresponding to the schedule they are covering.
1. At daytime
[p.309]
Examples:
- Roberto enters to work at 8 p.m. and leaves at 8 a.m. in the morning. His work schedule is classified as a night schedule because the number of hours worked during the night exceeds three and a half hours.
- Cesar works from 2 p.m. to 10 p.m. He has a mixed schedule, as he works less than three and a half hours during the night schedule: two hours, in this case, within this schedule.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 5a.
Question 5a
This question is asked to employed persons to learn their perception about whether during the reference week their work pace in the economic unit for which they work in their main job decreased.
[Omitted figure]
[p.310]
Decreased work pace. Reduction in the intensity from what an employed person had been working during the reference week, even when the duration of the work schedule in itself remained unchanged.
Conceptual clarifications:
The decreased pace of work may be due to factors directly related to or outside of the employed person, based on whether they are subordinate or independent workers, such as a lack of clients or raw materials, machinery breakdown, reduced production, end of the agricultural cycle, fewer assigned tasks at work, etc. If you notice that the informant did not understand the purpose of the question, read the text between parentheses.
It is very important to emphasize that the fundamental purpose of this question is to learn the personal perception the interviewees themselves have about the intensity with which they worked during the reference week in relation to the tasks they regularly perform, even when the schedule or work shift has remained the same.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, continue with question 5b; if you circle option 2, go to question 5e; if you circle option 3 or 9, go to question 5c.
[p.311]
Question 5b
This question is asked to employed persons who had long periods of waiting or inactivity at their job, in order to find out if they are concerned about this situation.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 5c.
Question 5c
This question is asked to employed persons who worked in the reference week, to find out which days and how many hours they worked on their job during this period.
Hours worked. Number of normal and overtime hours worked by the employed persons during the reference period.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Note that in this question you inquire about the schedule worked during the reference week, not about the intensity or level of work. Within the hours worked, consider waiting time, work preparation, maintenance and cleaning of the economic unit's facilities.
[p.312]
On days not worked, enter zeros in hours and minutes. Do not leave boxes blank for any reason. In the case of complete hours (zero minutes), enter two zeros in the minutes field; in the case of fractions of hours, write the number of minutes indicated.
- Time used in commuting and eating food. Count the time the subordinate worker took to commute from their home to their workplace, and vice versa, as well as the time taken eating food, only if the economic unit has included this within the work schedule; otherwise no.
- Time spent preparing a class or course. In the case of teachers, count as part of the hours worked those dedicated to preparing classes, preparing teaching materials, preparing or reviewing exams, among other activities.
- Accounting for the time of independent workers. Count, as part of their work schedule, the time spent attending to their business or company: manufacturing products, direct attention to customers and suppliers, purchase of raw materials or equipment, setting out merchandise, cleaning and maintenance of their business or company facilities, paying for salaries or services.
- How to enter the time worked by police officers, soldiers and workers on oil platforms or the like. If they say they work 24 or more continuous hours, ask the informant to only tell you how much time they were available to their superiors to perform their work, not the time of their stay in the economic unit's facilities. Thus, the time spent on personal hygiene, rest, recreation should be discarded.
Below are examples of how to record the information in this question:
[p.313]
[Omitted figure]
- In schedules of 24 and 48 consecutive hours, enter only those corresponding to each day.
[Omitted figure]
Example:
- When a person has worked less than one hour on any day, enter zero in hours; and in minutes, the corresponding number.
[Omitted figure]
Example:
[Omitted figure]
[p.314]
- Use of code 98. Enter 98 in hours, and two zeros in minutes, when the informant does not know how much time the interviewee worked on a specific day.
Example:
- Use of code 99. Enter 99 in hours and 2 zeros in minutes when you don't know if a person worked or not.
[Omitted figure]
Example:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the information recorded, continue with question 5d.
Question 5d
This question is asked to employed persons who worked during the reference week to verify whether the number of hours worked during this period is what they usually work.
[Omitted figure]
[p.315]
Usual working hours. Number of hours the employed population normally works in their main job.
Includes time normally spent waiting, dedicated to preparing for work, maintenance and cleaning of the facilities.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, go to question 5g; if you circle option 2 or 9, continue with question 5e.
Question 5e
This question is asked to employed persons who during the reference week worked a different number of hours than normal, and those temporarily absent from their job, to find out how many hours or minutes they normally work per day and the number of days they work per week in their main job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Does not have a habitual or regular schedule. In this case, circle option 2.
[p.316]
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, go to question 5f; if you circle option 2, continue with question 5g.
Question 5f
This question is asked to employed persons who worked in the reference week on a different schedule than normal, to find out the main reason for this change.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
01 Too much work
In the case of subordinate workers, it should not imply they received extra remuneration for the additional time worked; otherwise, circle option 02, 03 or 04, as applicable.
[p.317]
Overtime. Time worked after the established work schedule, pending an agreement between the employee and the employer, through which an additional payment is received.
- Farm workers when it is not planting or harvest season.
- People who worked fewer hours because the work season ended, for example, shrimping season, fairs or local events, summer courses.
- Those who, during this period, worked more or fewer hours because their work shift changed or they filled in for other workers.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 5g.
[p.318]
Question 5g
This question is asked to employed persons to learn the regularity with which they worked throughout the year in their main job.
Work regularity. Regularity with which the employed persons worked at their main job during the course of the year.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Working the whole year at their main job means that a person maintains their employment connection with a specific economic unit throughout this period, although they stopped working on more than one occasion for vacations, leave, health problems.
Instructions:
- If an interviewee has just started work, but has a certainty that they will remain in this job, at least, throughout one year.
- If a subordinate worker states that they work the whole year with the exception of two or three months, with or without pay, but they maintained their employment connection.
- In the case of independent workers who state they have worked in the same occupation throughout the year. For example, the self-employed worker who sells different types of products throughout the year, based on the season.
- Only works some months of the year. Ask in which months they usually work. Circle the options the informant indicates.
[p.319]
In the case of independent workers, as they are the economic unit, they can be considered to have worked the whole year if they performed the same occupation throughout that period; if they performed more than one occupation or trade throughout the year, consider them to have only had one job (the one performed during the reference week).
[Omitted figure]
Suppose that in the preceding example, the interviewee spent time working in masonry (main job), so in this case you would have to circle the respective options: December, February and July.
- Has been working at this job for less than a year. Circle option 15 if the person does not know how much time they will remain in that job, or if they know it will last less than one year.
- Sequence to follow. If you only circle some of the options of the months of the year, or 13, continue with question 5h; if you circle option 14, 15 or 99, go to question 6.
[p.320]
Question 5h
This question is asked to employed persons who do not work every month of the year at their main job, to find out the main reason why they do not.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
1. Works only when called or their services are requested
- Those who fill temporary positions.
- Those who work on commemorative dates.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 6.
[p.321]
7.8 Battery VI. Income and medical care
The purpose of this battery of questions is to identify the payment modalities, as well as the frequency and amount of the income employed persons obtain from their main job. It also allows you to confirm the condition of unpaid employed persons (family members or other persons). And, additionally, it distinguishes employed persons who have medical care services as a benefit of their main job, from those who do not have it.
Question 6
This question is asked to employed persons to learn the form(s) in which they receive payment for their main job.
Form of payment. Manner in which the employed population obtains income for the performance of their main job, in accordance with the labor conditions.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
[p.322]
- Independent workers, various forms of payment. Record the form of payment the informant tells you. For example, in the case of a service provider it is possible to classify it in option 02 by the piece (piecework), service or job completed or in 08 only surplus business income; it all depends on the interviewee's response.
- No income yet. If a subordinate worker indicates they have not yet received any type of income because they have just started working, ask for the forms of payment that, based on their agreement, they will receive, and circle the answer; in the case of an independent worker, simply circle option 08.
- Consistent information. Check that the responses are consistent, for example, a self-employed worker cannot receive a compensation or performance bonus, as this form of payment is exclusive to subordinate workers or employers. In the case of an inconsistency, verify the response with the informant.
If you detect inconsistencies of this type, ask the informant which response is correct.
01. By commission
Commission. Payment some subordinate workers receive for the sale of certain products or the provision of specific services.
- Those who, for each sale or service performed receive a percentage, or cases where starting at an agreed goal (sale of a certain quantity of products), a percentage is obtained.
Examples:
- A barber who receives 25% of the cost of each haircut he completes.
[p.323]
02. By the piece (piecework), service or job completed
By the piece. The form of payment determined by the number of products manufactured or services provided, regardless of the time taken to do so.
Examples:
- The hired laborer who is paid by bundle of cotton picked.
- The barber who is paid based on the number of haircuts made.
03. Based on professional fees
Fee. Financial retribution of workers hired under this modality in the provision of personal or professional services.
There are two types of workers under the payment of fees system:
- Workers who work regularly or exclusively for an economic unit.
- Independent workers (professionals) who, in agreement with clients, establish the conditions under which they will provide their services.
04. With tips
Tip. Voluntary gratuity, in cash, the user gives to the person who provided a service.
Example:
05. With compensation or performance bonus.
Compensation bonus. Cash amount some workers receive for performing a job at a certain level of hierarchy, as a supplement to their salary.
Performance bonus. Cash amount workers receive for having performed extraordinary activities in relation to those that are normally assigned or for increasing their performance with respect to a prior reference period.
[p.324]
06. With vouchers or marketable products
- Include those whose economic unit supplements their pay by depositing electronic vouchers on a card (managed similarly to a debit card), with which they can make purchases at specific stores.
- Workers who receive, as a form of payment, with a frequency of up to once a month, products or merchandise they can sell to obtain cash. If the frequency with which they receive the marketable merchandise or products is more than monthly, do not consider it a form of payment.
Examples:
- The manager who receives, every other week and as part of his salary, gasoline vouchers for private use for his vehicle.
- A worker who works in a butcher shop in which he receives daily, as a form of payment, meat and vegetables.
Exclude as a form of payment products that cannot be sold: lodging, academic grants, food for consumption at the workplace, etc.
07. Only receives wage, salary or daily wage
- Those who are paid by the hour or day worked.
Wage or salary. Amount in cash, or in kind, workers receive periodically as compensation for the ordinary and extraordinary work agreed through a verbal or written contract.
- Those who receive every one or two months, under the form of a grant, financial compensation for their performance as community instructors for CONAFE. While it is known as a grant, in practice it is treated as a payment for the work being performed or a payment accrued for work already done.
- Those who receive financial compensation for performing their social service or completing their professional practice, regardless of where the financial resources for the grant originate: from the economic unit in which they collaborate or from PRONABES (National Grant Program) or any other governmental or private institution.
This financial compensation could be received while the social service is being performed or after it has been completed.
[p.325]
08. Only surplus business income
Earnings. Surplus or profit in money obtained by independent workers, once they have recovered the amount of their investment.
- Independent workers who receive other income derived from the same activity; for example, the sale of waste material (cardboard, cans) in the case of a grocery store, or the sale of byproducts, such as tamale leaves, if the main activity is growing corn.
- Those who declare that agricultural/livestock production is for self-consumption, as long as a part is allocated for sale, as you should prioritize the fact that there is a sale over the self-consumption. If only self-consumption is reported, circle option 09.
- Circle this option even when an independent worker states they have been operating with losses.
09. Not paid or does not receive income (includes agricultural/livestock self-consumption)
- Those who receive room, board, clothing and other non-marketable products in exchange for their work, as these are not considered payment.
In this case, check that you have circled option 2 or 3 in question 3h for unpaid worker, either family or other person (for example, apprentices, social service providers, interns, trainees).
- Workers who consume what they themselves produce (self-consumption). Remember that self-consumption only applies in the case of corn and bean production, exclusively.
- Those who participate in "community programs" called "mano vuelta" (labor exchange) or "entre ayudados" (mutual assistance): "I help you now, but later you help me".
- Those who complete their social service or academic practice without receiving any type of payment for doing to.
10. None of the above
- Sequence to follow. If you circle any of the options from 01 to 06, 10 or 99, continue with question 6a; if you circle 07 or 08, go to question 6b; if you circle option 09, go to question 6d.
[p.326]
Question 6a
This question is asked to employed persons, to verify whether there are other forms through which they obtain their work income in their main job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Keep in mind that option 2 of this question equates to option 08 in the preceding question.
- If for any reason the informant's response to this question refers to options 1 or 2, do not reclassify the response in the preceding question.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2, 4, or 9, continue with question 6b; if you circle option 3, go to question 6d.
Question 6b
This question is asked to employed persons who receive income for their work, to find out the frequency and amount of that income.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Period to which the income information refers. According to the text of the question, inquire about the amount of the regular income, not that obtained during the reference period; unless they indicate that the amount varies, in which case you should ask for what was received during the reference period or the nearest to it.
[p.327]
Net income. Amount of money a worker receives, free of deductions to pay taxes, social security institution contributions, union dues (in the case of subordinate workers) or operating expenses of the economic units (in the case of independent workers).
Instructions:
To obtain the amount of a person's income, consider the different form of payment mentioned in questions 6 and 6a; such that if someone receives payment in more than one form, you can ensure that they are all included in the total amount. In order to verify the information, ask additional questions such as:
"Are the tips included in this amount?" "Are you taking into account what they give you in commissions or what they give you in grocery vouchers or marketable products?"
- How to obtain the amount paid as wage, salary or daily wage. Record the amount for any of these items, based on the period indicated. Record the amount stated in whole pesos without cents, for example: 12,500.
- How to obtain the base salary plus another regular form of payment. In the case of workers on a salary, the amount you should enter is the net amount, what the person actually received and had available the last time they were paid in their main job.
Exclude, therefore, deductions for taxes, social security or ISSSTE contributions, etc., with the exception of those corresponding to loans and payments for FOVISSSTE or INFONAVIT housing loan deductions, as these are advance payments.
Now, for those who state they have just started to work, and do not know the amount they are going to receive for their work, ask, at least, about the pay period; on the respective line specify that this information is unknown.
[p.328]
- Earnings as income. In the case of independent workers, consider within the earnings income derived from the sale of byproducts and waste material, if applicable. For example, the grocer who sells the cardboard boxes the merchandise came in, or the head meat vendor who markets their byproducts: skulls and tallow.
If instead of earnings they state they had losses, by all means ask for an estimate of their regular earnings, either weekly, biweekly or monthly, and enter the amount, according to the period indicated. What is important in this situation is to have an income estimate from the earnings they would have if they were not operating "in the red".
- How to obtain the compensation bonuses, coupons or vouchers exchangeable for merchandise. Record them as additional or sole income, only if this form of payment is received with a frequency of up to monthly; if it exceeds this period do not record it. The form in which you should enter this information consists of specifying the amount and frequency with which the respective form of payment is received in the comments section.
- Marketable products. When the worker receives their total or partial pay with marketable products (that can be resold, if they choose), ask how much the estimated market value of the products is, and record the amount according to the indicated period.
- Income in foreign currency. When the income is paid in foreign currency, enter the amount and then specify the currency: dollars, euros, bolivars, etc.
Example:
- If a person states they do not know the exact information, but mentions an amount that is between two specific amounts, enter the average amount.
- Other pay period. Include in this option those who receive their financial remuneration for their work at a different frequency, for example, social service providers who receive their grant at the conclusion of their participation in the program.
[p.329]
[p.330]
Question 6c
This question is asked to employed persons, for whom the amount of income is unknown, and those who refused to answer in question 6b, to determine the approximate amount they receive with respect to the monthly minimum wage at the local level.
Minimum wage. Amount in cash a person must receive for their services in a work day, which is determined by the National Commission on Minimum Wage for each economic zone into which the country is divided.
Instructions:
- Approximate amount. If necessary, explain to the informant that as you do not have the exact information, you must have, at least, an approximation of the income the interviewee receives at their job.
- How to ask the question. If when reading the response options, the informant does not identify the range of income in which their response would fall, mention specific amounts that equate to each one, based on the minimum wage limits in effect in the place where the interview is taking place. For example, if the minimum wage is $1,250.00 monthly, replace option 3 with: "more than $1,250.00 up to $2,500.00?". to make this easier for you, prepare a table of ranges for each minimum wage zone you manage and use it when the interview requires.
- Refusal. If, despite your efforts to obtain this information, an interviewee refuses to provide this information, circle option 8.
- Information unknown. When an interviewee says they do not know how to estimate the amount of the income, circle option 9.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 6d.
[p.331]
Question 6d
This question is asked to employed persons to find out if they receive medical care as a welfare benefit from the economic unit for which they work and which institution provides them this service.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Consider a person to have access to medical care derived from their main job, regardless of whether or not they use the service.
Include employers and self-employed workers, exclusively of the agriculture/livestock sector who have access to medical care through social security when voluntary or optional insurance is obtained on their own initiative. These workers are considered due to their special enrollment conditions with the IMSS. Exclude:
For the purposes of the survey, these are not considered an employment benefit.
- Subordinate workers who state they have purchased their access to public insurance, as this is not an employment benefit.
- Dependents by economic dependency, that is, people who have the benefit thanks to a family member.
[Omitted figure]
[p.332]
Instructions:
1. Social Security (IMSS)
Exclude those who state they have medical service derived from public insurance financed by their economic unit, of which they are subordinates, as these are classified in option 5.
2. The naval, military or Pemex hospital or clinic
3. The ISSSTE
4. The state ISSSTE, (ISSSTELEÓN, ISSEMYM)
5. Other medical institution
People who receive services in hospitals, clinics or medical offices not included in the preceding options. When you check this option, specify the medical institution.
5. Other medical institution
- Subordinate workers or employers who have public insurance, as long as the economic unit for which they work is the party financing the enrollment in said program.
In the case of employers, note that it is considered an employment benefit, taking into consideration that they may be added to the payroll of their own company and assigned other employment benefits; exclude from this option self-employed workers who claim to have this "benefit", as they are classified in option 1 of question 10b.
6. Does not receive medical care
- The worker, whether independent or subordinate, who has public insurance they pay for themselves.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 7.
[p.333]
7.9 Battery VII. Secondary job
The purpose of this battery of questions is to identify the population that has a second job, to be characterized based on the occupation or trade performed and the type of economic unit for which they work, the activities to which they are dedicated, the type of medical care they have, the size of the economic unit, the number of days and hours worked the week before the interview and the approximate amount of their income.
Question 7
This question is asked to employed persons to find out if they performed or had a second job during the reference period, in order to characterize it throughout this battery of questions.
[Omitted figure]
[p.334]
In general terms, in order to determine whether a person performed or had a second occupation during the reference period, take into consideration the same criteria considered in battery of questions 1 to define whether or not a person was employed, that is: if they went to a job the week before the interview or if during this period they were absent from their job, but received economic income or even if they returned to work the week the survey is conducted.
Like in the main job, it is the informant who defines what their secondary job is, if they have more than two, and you may only help them if they have questions defining it, taking as a reference the same criteria listed in question 3, to define the main job: to which the most time is dedicated, which earns the most income, which have they worked the longest, which has the best welfare benefits.
Instructions:
- Verification of the existence of a second job. In addition to the preceding criteria, it is appropriate for you to analyze the information from the main job, with which could be considered the secondary job, in order to determine whether the interviewee effectively has another job apart from the main one. These criteria are set forth below:
- Subordinate worker of two different economic units. In this case it is relatively simple to know if an employed person has a second job, if they work for different economic units; this information can be corroborated by comparing what is recorded in questions 4 and 4a, and in questions 7, 7a and 7b.
In the case of teachers, respect the spontaneous response if they say they have two jobs. Consider them to have a single job if they state they work on two or more school buildings, or on the same school building, but in different shifts with the idea of supplementing the work schedule, receiving a single salary.
If the information indicates that they perform two jobs: teacher and director or teacher and prefect (hall monitor), or any other combination, ask if they receive an income for each position; if the response is yes, consider them to have another job apart from the main one; otherwise, do not.
[p.335]
- Independent worker. Consider a person to have two or more jobs only if they meet the following two conditions:
- If they perform a different job on both jobs; that is, in the main job and the secondary job (questions 3, 7 and 7a); and
- If their economic unit is dedicated to more than one line of business, performing each in different establishments (addressees). To corroborate this situation, consult the information from questions 3e, 3f, 4a, 4f, 7b and 7c.
Note that the concept of establishment is the same as the one in question 3f, such that if a worker is dedicated to two or more occupations and two or more activities, and they are even performed in two improvised, fixed or semi-fixed stands, located at different addresses, they are considered to meet the defined requirement, and even if one of the jobs has an establishment and the other does not.
[p.336]
Example 2
[Omitted table]
[p.337]
Example 4
[Omitted table]
[p.338]
Example 6
[Omitted table]
[p.339]
Do not consider an independent worker to have two or more jobs if they do not meet the stated conditions.
In the case of independent workers who are engaged in various trades ("jack-of-all-trades"), like plumbing, gas fitting, painting facades, during the reference week in the home of their clients, do not consider them to have a second occupation, they have, in any case, different clients.
- Criteria to classify the second job in question 7. Once the presence of a second occupation has been identified, classify it in this question according to the type of job, trade or position the person normally performs, even if the tasks described in question 7a do not match the trade, position or job.
Examples:
[p.340]
Before stating the criteria to follow to classify the information in each response option, it is worth noting that the detail of the options includes the position within the occupation, such that the first four are aimed at independent workers and the rest to subordinate workers; however, it is worth further explaining that the fourth option is common for both independent and subordinate workers.
The specific instructions to classify the information are listed below, option by option.
- Independent workers who perform activities related to the extraction and exploitation of metallic and non-metallic minerals.
- Sequence to follow. If you circled options 1 to 6, continue with question 7a; if you circled options 7 or 9, go to question 8.
[p.341]
Question 7a
This question is asked to employed persons who have a second job, to find out the name of the occupation, trade, position or job they perform there.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Once the information is recorded, continue with question 7b.
Question 7b
The universe and purpose of this question are the same: to learn if the economic unit for which the employed person works has a name.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle options 1, 2 or 9, continue with question 7c; if you circle option 3, go to question 7d, but if you circle option 4, go to question 8.
[p.342]
Question 7c
This question is asked to employed persons who have a second job, to find out to what the economic unit for which they work is dedicated.
[Omitted table]
Instructions:
- Specification of the type of establishment or place where the economic unit operates.
Specify, once you have recorded the activities to which the economic unit is dedicated, the type of establishment or site where the economic unit operates office, workshop, factory, business premises, fixed stand, semi-fixed stand, improvised stand, cart, tricycle, inside their own home, with or without special facilities, home of clients, etc. This type of specification is extremely important, as it guarantees the correct classification of the information.
- Sequence to follow. Once the information is recorded, continue with question 7d.
Question 7d
This question is asked to those who state they have a second job, to find out if they have medical care as an employment benefit through this second job, and to find out what institution provides this service.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Once the information is recorded, continue with question 7e.
[p.343]
Question 7e
This is asked to employed persons who have a second job to find out the size of the establishment in which they work.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option circled, continue with question 7f.
Question 7f
This question is asked to employed persons who have a second job to find out how many days and how many hours total they spent on their second job during the reference week.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Overlap in time spent on the main job and the secondary job. If a person spends time on their second job during the hours of their main job, do the following: do not count the time dedicated to the second job during the first job's work schedule.
[p.344]
- Armando sells products by catalog at his workplace. For the second job, only count the time spent to go purchase the products ordered.
Examples:
[Omitted figure]
- Genaro (informant) says he does not know if Mariano, his son, went to work last week or not.
[Omitted figure]
[p.345]
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the information recorded, continue with question 7g.
Question 7g
This question is asked to the employed population that has a second occupation to find out the approximate amount of their monthly income.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- If the period is other than monthly, write an asterisk and in the comments section record the amount and the period indicated, then convert the amount to a monthly income.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 8.
[p.346]
7.10 Battery VIII. Search for other job
The purpose of this battery of questions is to verify whether the people who said they were employed are looking for another job, as well as the reasons and the places they searched.
Through these questions, it is possible to identify employed persons who, through the action of seeking another job, put pressure on the labor market, which is important in the calculation of some employment indicators.
Question 8
This question is asked to employed persons to find out whether during the last three months they have tried to seek employment or to initiate an independent job, in addition to the job(s) they currently perform, and to find out if they are looking for another job outside the country.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2 or 3, continue with question 8a; if you circle option 4 or 9, go to question 9.
Question 8a
This question is asked to employed persons who said they looked for another job, to find out the main reason for this search.
[Omitted figure]
[p.347]
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2, or 3, go to question 9; but if the response was option 4 or 9, continue with question 8b.
- Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 9.
Question 8b
This question is asked to employed persons looking for another job, who in the preceding question answered with option 4 or 9, to find out the main reason for their search.
[Omitted figure]
[p.348]
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option circle, continue with question 9.
[p.349]
7.11 Battery IX. Work history
This battery of questions focuses on inquiring about the characteristics of the last job that was lost or left in the interviewed population, such as: context in which this situation occurred and the time frame (if it occurred during the current year or in prior years), the cause, type of occupation that was performed, the type of activities to which the economic unit for which the person worked was dedicated, the type of employment benefits, income received and current availability of economic income derived from that lost employment relationship, in order to assess the quality of that job in relation to the most recent one.
This battery of questions distinguishes three types of sequences; two of them are aimed at subordinate workers, with a view toward identifying those who lost their job due to difficulties centered more on employment conditions of the market and by their own decision, respectively; and the third sequence identifies the main reasons why independent workers left or lost their business or activity.
Question 9
This question is asked to the employed population to identify those who, at some point in their working life, were left unemployed.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Found themselves unemployed. This concept applies to independent and subordinate workers, who at some point in their working life had to break the employment connection, either voluntarily or involuntarily, with an economic unit.
The termination of the employment relationship could have occurred in the main job or in the secondary, if the person had more than one job. It is important to note that if the interviewee reports having broken their employment connection with more than one economic unit throughout their working life, you should identify the most recent.
The concept excludes those who work seasonally for an economic unit, because that means they only suspended their activities with that economic unit for a time. They do not permanently terminate their employment relationship with that economic unit.
[p.350]
The following table shows the cases in which a person is considered to have broken their employment connection with an economic unit:
They broke an employment connection:
Examples:
- Alan was a merchant, but as he sold very little, he left this job and obtained employment in a government office.
- Armando was an unpaid family worker and now runs the family business.
Examples:
- Edgar was fired, but fortunately he had already been offered another job, such that he entered it one day after he left the other economic unit.
Examples:
- Agustín worked before as a trainee in a hospital, and currently works in an accounting firm.
- Mario worked for INEGI and now he
They maintain their employment connection with the same economic unit:
Examples:
- Ricardo started as a literary editor for the newspaper "La Novedad", and is now the editor in chief.
Example:
- Gerónimo who works for the same restaurant as a cook each school vacation period.
- In summer, Juan Luis prepares and sells ice cream, and in December sells toys.
- Refugio who only opens his gift wrapping business at Christmas.
Examples:
[p.351]
Works for a private company.
- Efraín had his own business and now works for a government institution.
4. Independent workers who at some point in their working life changed their line of business permanently.
Examples:
- Marcelino was a contract manufacturer, but chose to leave that job and now works in commerce.
Examples:
- Jorge returned to work at the same factory, at the request of his old employers.
Examples:
- José Ángel had to leave his main job as a merchant because it was no longer profitable, so he was kept the secondary job (municipal employee).
They maintain their employment connection with the same economic unit:
[p.352]
Example:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, continue with the following question. If you circle option 2 or 9, go to question 10.
Question 9a
This question is asked to employed persons who at some point lost a job or business and to unemployed persons with work experience, to find out the reason why they lost or left their last job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- In the case of a person who stated they were absent form their activity or trade (question 2e = 1), ask about its characteristics.
[p.353]
- They were left unemployed because they were fired or because their source of employment went bankrupt.
- They lost their job due to downsizing.
- They chose to stop working in their own business or company. As opposed to option 3, in this case the economic unit continues to operate, despite the fact that the independent worker no longer works there.
- They no longer go to work at their workplace because they have been incarcerated after facing a criminal proceeding because they committed a crime.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 8 or 9, continue with question 9b; if you circle option 2, go to question 9d; if you circle option 3, go to question 9e; but if you circle any of the options from 4 to 7, go to question 9f.
[p.353]
Question 9b
This question is asked to employed and unemployed persons with work experience who in the preceding question were classified in options 1, 8 or 9, to find out more details of the reasons they lost their last job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
1. The source of employment closed or went bankrupt
Includes employees for whom the new administration, public or private, did not renew their employment contract.
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2, 3 or 9, go to question 9f; if you circle option 4, 5 or 6, continue with question 9c; if you circle option 7, classify in question 9d the option the informant tells you.
[p.355]
Question 9c
This question is asked to employed and unemployed persons with work experience who in question 9b stated they had lost their job because their employment contract was not renewed, they were not called back to work or they were fired, to find out the reason why the economic unit no longer required their services.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
Listen carefully to the informant and classify it in the corresponding option.
- If, when obtaining the information, you realize it is not a subordinate worker but rather an independent worker, return to question 9a and correct the sequence according to the informant's response.
[p.356]
- Because a family member did not allow them to continue working or due to marriage.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 9f.
[p.357]
This question is asked to employed and unemployed persons with work experience, whose response in question 9a indicates they lost or left a job after having resigned (option 2), to find out the main reason why they resigned or lost this salaried job.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- If, when obtaining the information in this question, you detect that it is not a subordinate worker but rather an independent one, return to question 9a and correct the sequence according to the information the interviewee provided to you.
1. Wanted to earn more
[p.358]
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, go to question 9f.
[p.359]
Question 9e
This question is asked to employed and unemployed persons with work experience who lost their own business, to find out the main reason why they lost it.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- If, when obtaining the information in this question, you detect that it is not an independent worker but rather a subordinate one, return to question 9a and correct the sequence according to the information the interviewee provided to you.
01. Excessive debt or filed for bankruptcy
- The circumstances required them to leave their activity or business as there were other independent workers dedicated to the same line of business where their business or company was, such that it was not profitable to continue working.
[p.360]
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 9f.
[p.361]
Question 9f
This question is asked to employed persons who at some point were left without a job and unemployed persons with work experience to identify how long it has been since they lost their job or suspended their work activities.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarifications:
Remember that the information obtained in this battery of questions may refer to a recent or an old job, secondary or tertiary, so you do not have to establish consistency between the dates recorded in questions 3r or 3s of the main job, and the date recorded in this question.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1 or 2, continue with question 9g; if you circle option 3 or 9, go to question 9n.
Question 9g
This question is asked to those who lost or terminated a job recently, to find out the tasks and name of the occupation (trade, position or job) they performed.
[Omitted figure]
[p.362]
- Sequence to follow. Once the information is recorded, continue with question 9h.
Question 9h
This question is asked to those who lost or terminated a job recently, to find out the name of the economic unit for which they worked.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. If you circle option 1, 2 or 9, continue with question 9i; if you circle option 3 or 4, go to question 9n.
Question 9i
This question is asked to those who lost or terminated a job recently, in order to identify the main activity the economic unit for which they worked performed.
[Omitted figure]
[p.363]
- Sequence to follow. Once you have described the activities to which the economic unit for which they worked is dedicated, continue with question 9j.
Question 9j
This instruction is exclusively for you (so you should not read it to the informant), so that based on the information recorded in the two preceding questions, you state whether it is a public or private economic unit.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Other questions to help you analyze the information. If the information refers to institutions, determine whether they are private or public economic units based on whether or not the government intervenes in their administrative or organizational activities. For example, classify political parties in the public sector, taking into consideration that their resources come from public funds.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 9k.
[p.364]
Question 9k
This question is asked to those who lost or terminated a job recently, to find out if they received medical care through the economic unit for which they worked and which institution provided it.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 9l.
Question 9l
This question is asked to those who lost or terminated a job recently, to find out if they had employment benefits.
[Omitted figure]
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 9m.
[p.365]
Question 9m
This question is asked to those who lost or terminated a job recently, to find out the approximate amount of income they received monthly in said work.
Instructions:
- If the period is other than monthly. Write an asterisk and in the Comments section, record the amount and the period indicated, then convert the amount to a monthly income.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 9n.
Question 9n
This question is asked to those who lost a job throughout their working life, regardless of how long ago it occurred, to find out if during the reference week they economic resources had derived from that employment relationship that was lost.
[Omitted figure]
[p.366]
Conceptual clarifications:
The availability of any economic income does not necessarily have to be a product of the last job the person had, since what is important is to know if they had economic resources derived from any employment relationship that at this moment allows them to cover their economic needs.
Instructions:
.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the options you circle, continue with question 10.
[p.367]
7.12 Battery X. Economic support
The purpose of this battery of questions is to identify the population 12 years of age or older who have economic support in cash or in kind, from networks of government institutions of private sources (national or foreign civil organizations) or persons outside of the household: relatives or other persons, to find out the degree of economic vulnerability in which they find themselves and to understand the context that leads them to enter or remain outside of the labor market.
This battery of questions seeks to identify the population in this age range that has medical care through Public Insurance.
Question 10
This question is asked to the employed and unemployed population, to find out if during the last three months they have received any economic support, in cash or in kind, from any federal, state or municipal governmental institution.
[Omitted figure]
Conceptual clarification:
When obtaining the information, you should identify the direct recipients, not the beneficiaries.
Instructions:
Include in this option cases in which they have stated there is a training grant available awarded through Manpower Mexico in coordination with the National Employment Service.
[p.368]
- Those who have received any subsidy, training, advice or technical assistance, machinery or equipment in the last three months, through a government program or financial entity, to open or develop their own economic unit.
Subsidy. Amount of resources, normally financial, granted by a public institution to benefit an economic unit for its opening or operation.
Examples:
- Financing, training and consulting to micro, small and medium businesses from the Secretariat of the Economy, through various programs: MiPyME (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise), PRONAFIM (Microentrepreneur Financing Program), FOMMUR (Financing Fund for Rural Women).
- Support granted to by the Secretariat of Agrarian Reform (SRA) for the development of production projects, through various programs such as FAPPA (Support for Production Projects in Agrarian Cores), PROMUSAG (Women in the Agricultural Sector Program) and the Young Rural Entrepreneur and Lands Fund.
- Financing from SEDESOL (Secretariat of Social Development) through programs such as: FONART.
- Training grants, workshops, employment certificates or diplomas, granted by the National Institute for Workers' Consumption (FONACOT).
- Those who have benefited in the last three months from school grants, economic support in cash or in kind (food, school supply packages, uniforms) or other resources through government programs not considered in the preceding options.
Exclude from this option support for cultural, leisure and recreational purposes.
Examples:
[p.369]
- Financing for the acquisition, construction, expansion or improvement of the home by FONHAPO.
- Discounts in payments for utilities such as potable water and property taxes by the municipality.
- Medical and dental visits through programs like Health Caravans.
- Grants or loans to study at any scholastic level form primary to post-doctorate through the Secretariat of Public Education (SEP), the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), the National Institute for Workers' Consumption Fund (FONACOT), among other government institutions.
- Grants from PRONABES (National Upper Level Education Grants Program) of the SEP, in its modalities of grants for excellence, licensing, social service, connection, mobility, and professional improvement.
- Training grant through the National Employment Service to those who were employed during the reference period, in order to reinforce technical and administrative skills.
- Those who did not receive any type of support from the government.
- Exclude from this question support through non-governmental organizations, such as non-profit organizations, churches, political parties.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option(s) you circle, continue with question 10a.
Question 10a
This question is asked to people 12 years of age or older, to find out if they have any economic support, in cash or in kind, from any person (family or other person) or a private, national or foreign institution.
[Omitted figure]
[p.370]
Economic support. Assistance in money or in marketable goods, provided free of charge to the interviewee by any person, family or any private, national or foreign welfare institution.
Conceptual clarifications:
Economic contributions may be in currency or in products that are marketable: food, grocery vouchers, school supplies, etc.
Includes alimony for orphanhood, divorce or widowhood.
Instructions:
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the option you circle, continue with question 10b.
[p.371]
Question 10b
This question is asked to the population 12 years of age or older, to identify those who are entitled to Public Health Insurance.
[Omitted figure]
Public Health Insurance. Medical insurance that can be accessed, voluntarily, by the population not entitled to use other social security health institutions, such as IMSS, ISSSTE, Pemex.
Conceptual clarifications:
As access to the health program is voluntary, it may be acquired by the civil population in general and organized groups of people, with the only condition that they are not beneficiaries of the social security health system for public institutions such as Social Security or ISSSTE. Based on the foregoing, Public Insurance can be acquired by:
- Organized groups (unions of merchants, taxi drivers, speakers.) In this case, each independent worker purchases access to the social security health service for their own benefit or for their family; the acquisition does not depend on their membership in an organization, therefore it is not considered a social benefit.
The public health service insurance is provided in hospitals and health centers affiliated with the National Health System.
Instructions:
[p.372]
- The interviewee does not have this service. Circle option 2 when the interviewee says that they do not have this type of service.
- Information unknown. Circle option 9 if the informant says they do not know if the interviewee has this type of service.
- Sequence to follow. Regardless of the response, continue with question 11.
[p.373]
7.13 Battery XI. Other activities
This last battery of questions in the COE seeks obtain information about people 12 years of age and older who during the week before the interview spent part of their time in activities not considered economic, as well as the amount of time they spent.
Question 11
This question is asked to the population 12 years of age and older to find out if they performed non-economic activities for their own benefit, that of their household, their home or community, and how much time they spent on them during the week before the interview.
[Omitted figure]
[p.374]
- The interviewee spent time on these activities but doesn't know how much time. Circle the option for the respective activity and then enter code 98 in the hours field and 00 in the field provided for minutes.
- It is Unknown if the interviewee spent time on any of the activities. Enter the code 99 in hours and 00 in minutes.
1. Studying or taking training courses (includes time dedicated to completing schoolwork)
- Completing homework, attending a general training course (human development, language, computer tools, arts and crafts, etc.) performing research activities, preparing exams, or preparing school documents or professional thesis.
- Reading technical documents or consulting the Internet to keep up to date or for professional self-education.
- Participating in extracurricular activities, such as sports, arts (dance, music, plastic arts).
Attending to and caring for other people refers to performing tasks consisting of accompanying them or taking them to receive medical care or therapy, reading them a book, giving them medications (if they are sick), feeding them, bathing them, doing homework or attending school meetings, bringing them to the park or to social events, etc.
[p.375]
- If, when reading this option, you detect that a person receives some payment for performing this activity, restart the sequence entering them as employed in battery of questions 1 or in 7 if it is a second occupation.
- Repairing or maintaining their vehicle: washing, polishing, changing the oil.
- Repairing home appliances: irons, radios, televisions.
- Buying groceries, preparing and serving meals.
- Carrying water from another home or another site: well, river or stream, for their household activities.
- When a domestic worker resides in the home where the interview takes place, adjust the question: "How many hours do you spend cleaning your own room?", so as not to confuse these tasks with those that are part of their job.
- These are services that address the priority needs and demands of vulnerable or at-risk groups such as children, adolescents, the elderly, women, the sick and disabled.
[p.376]
- Voluntarily holding honorary positions, such as block leader, electoral precinct president or secretary, tenant's commissioner.
- Taking training courses to hold honorary positions, such as electoral precinct president or secretary, election scrutineer.
- Teaching literacy, education and training courses without being paid.
- Collaborating in religious activities, such as altar server, catechist.
- Organizing or participating in the collection of food, clothing or other belongings for the benefit of the community.
- Caring for or attending to children, the elderly or disabled as part of social work in institutions like retirement homes, shelters, hospitals or boarding schools.
Exclude:
- Those who state they have spent time participating in programs like CONAFE, as they are considered employed.
- Those who spend time in direct donation activities, that is, people who deliver donations to another person or household in particular, as the donation is not for the benefit of the community.
You are finished filling out the individual questionnaire. If there is another member who is 12 years of age or older, use another COE.