[Enumerator's manual table of contents not presented here.]

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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1. The first Population and Housing Census of Cambodia in 36 years was held in March 1998. Before 1998 it was in 1962 that a census was conducted. No census could be conducted in Cambodia for 36 years due to disturbed conditions. Exactly ten years after the 1998 census the next census is being conducted in 2008. The Statistics Law specifies that the Population Census should be conducted at least once every ten years. You are privileged to be a census enumerator and take part in this great task. You are performing a duty which is of national importance. While you are privileged to be a census enumerator, you have a big responsibility as well. You have to fulfill it with a sense of pride and devotion to duty. Please read this instruction manual thoroughly which will help in discharging your duties satisfactorily.

1.1 This chapter gives the background and objectives of the General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008. It also explains the various uses of census data and some facts about the census undertaking.

The General Population Census
1.2 A census of population refers to the entire process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing data about the population of a country. It involves listing persons and recording the characteristics of every one of them at a specified time. When the information thus collected in the census are compiled and analyzed we get to know about the size and distribution of the population as well as its demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics. These are very essential for making suitable plans and programs for national and local development.

1.3 In February-March 2008, the census of population called the General Population Census of Cambodia will be conducted throughout the country. The General Population Census of Cambodia, 2008 will collect basic demographic, economic, social and cultural information of each individual as well as some information on buildings occupied by households and housing conditions and facilities available to households. This will help update population number and characteristics and estimate population growth rate from national up to village level.

Objectives of the 2008 Census
General Objectives

2. The 2008 Census seeks to create an inventory of the country's manpower resources and demographic characteristics as at a given time. Only the census can provide data for small areas (e.g. village) for local planning purposes.

Specific Objectives
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2.1 In particular, the 2008 Census aims to:

Uses of Census Data
3. The census data are required not only for administration but for also for economic and development planning. The ultimate aim of such planning is to provide a better way of life for the people of Cambodia. This will include reduction of poverty, increasing employment opportunities, improving the educational levels of the population and providing health for all.

3.1 Planning for education obviously requires knowledge of the number of children of school age who are likely to require schooling at various levels. The Government cannot know where to build the necessary schools or how many school teachers must be trained unless it knows where the need is great in terms of the number of children who should be going to school.

3.2 The Government wishes to improve and extend the medical services of the country so as to eliminate diseases and to reduce the number of children dying in infancy and early childhood. But if medical services are to be planned properly, the Government must know the number of people involved, the number of children being born, and the rate at which they are dying.

3.3 For providing these services, it is not enough just to know how many people there are at the time of the census because figures of this kind get out-of-date very quickly. We must know also how fast the population is increasing, so that the Government could know how many people there will be, not only this year but also next year, in five years, in ten years, etc. We therefore obtain information not only of people now living, but also of the number of children being born and the number of children who have died.

3.4 For planning for proper housing and to improve amenities like electric supply, drinking water, sewerage, etc. the census data will provide guidelines to the planners and administrators. Census data will also be useful in several ways in trade, commerce, industry and in population research.

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Census Date and Reference Time

4. March 3, 2008 has been designated as the census day. The reference time for the 2008 Census is 00:00 hours of March 3, 2008. This means that the 2008 Census is expected to provide the population of Cambodia as at 00:00 hours of March 3, 2008.

4.1 The preliminary work of house listing (i.e. listing of buildings and households) will, however, commence on February 29, 2008. Following is the calendar of the 2008 Census Operations:

5. The 2008 census is conducted under the authority of (i) the Royal Decree (Kret) No. JS/RKT/02-96/08 dated February 29, 1996 on the organization of the General Population Census of Cambodia (ii) The Statistics Law enacted on May 9, 2005 and (iii) Sub-Decree No. 08 dated 30 January 2006. The Sub-decree specifies the census date as March 3, 2008 and deals with organizing and functioning of the 2008 Census.

Field Organization of the Census

6. The National Census Committee for the General Population Census of Cambodia constituted by the Sub-decree under the chairmanship of HE Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior has the responsibility for instructing, deciding and endorsing all general items of work related to the census. During the conduct of the census, the population census office of the NIS under the Director General of Census will be the central unit that will serve as the monitoring and communication and action center for the census. It will have separate divisions each in charge of an activity like administration, planning and monitoring etc. In the field, the NIS Regional Officer (RO) will act as the coordinator for his/her region and will be responsible for the operations in the region.

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6.1 The Province Director of Planning will act as the provincial census officer for his/her province and will be responsible for the operations in the province. In technical matters he/she will be assisted by the Assistant Regional Officer who will be a NIS Officer.

6.2 The District Chief assisted by his staff will be the officer in charge of census operations in the District. The Commune Chief will be the census charge officer for the commune. He/she will be assisted in technical matters by an officer from Province/District Offices and Area Supervisors.
Enumerators will be drawn from school teachers and other officials at the rate of one enumerator for an EA or Enumeration Area (about 100 households or 500 to 600 persons). Generally one supervisor will be appointed to closely supervise the work of four enumerators. Outside the NIS, special bodies will be created to make possible the much needed interagency co-operation and involvement in conducting the census successfully. Figure 1 shows the organizational structure of the 2008 Census.
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[2008 General Population Census of Cambodia Organization Chart is not presented here.]

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Important Provisions of the Royal Decree on Census

7. For your reference and information, certain important provisions of the Royal Decree (Kret) on the Organization of the General Population Census of Cambodia are reproduced below:

Article 7: All owners and occupants of houses and managers of other places must allow census officers access thereto as they may require for the purpose of the census and must allow them to paint on, or affix to, the place such letters, marks or numbers as may be necessary for the purposes of the census.

Article 8: The Census Officer may ask all questions mentioned in the census questionnaire during the census operation of the head of the household or all members of the household within the local area for which he/she is appointed as the census officer.

Article 9: Every person, of whom any question is asked under Article 8, shall be legally bound to answer such questions to the best of his/her knowledge and belief.

Article 12: Personal information collected in the census operations must be used for statistical purposes only. Such information may not be given to the tax units, or to courts for use in prosecutions or to any other organization under any circumstances or motivations. Any claim allowed in court or any obligation to pay taxes based on personal information obtained in the census operations is void.

7.1 Articles 13 and 14 lay down penalties for certain offences committed in this connection. For example, the following are punishable offences: (i) any census officer appointed by the Government for census work who refuses to do that work or does not complete his/her task (ii) any census officer who makes any false return to the census office (iii) any census officer who discloses any information received in the census (iv) any person who intentionally gives a false answer or refuses to answer the questions asked by a census officer. The Statistics Law (Article 22) also states that staff and employees shall ensure confidentiality of all individual information collected from respondents except under special circumstances with the consent of the Ministry of Planning. Articles 23 to 25 provide for other rights and obligations. Articles 26 to 29 provide for penalties for violation of the Law.

7.2 Please take note that according to the above provisions of the Royal Decree and Statistics Law you have to perform your duty as 2008 Census Officer diligently and keep the information collected at the census confidential, to be used for statistical purposes only.

The 2008 Census Schedules
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8. The 2008 Census will gather information through two schedules Form A: House list and Form B: Household Questionnaire. (See Appendix I and II) Form A: House list which will be canvassed during the preliminary round (February 29 to March 2, 2008) will be used to collect the following information in respect of buildings which have households in them: Building/Structure number [Footnote: Wherever the word building is used hereinafter it refers to a building or a structure (Building/Structure)], predominant construction material of wall, roof and floor of building, whether building is wholly or partly residential, household number, and name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.

9. Form B: Household Questionnaire has five parts: Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This will be used for census enumeration during March 3 to 13, 2008 in all households. In Part 1, information on usual members of household present on Census Night (March 2-3, 2008), visitors present on Census Night and usual members absent on Census Night will be collected.

10. Part 2 of Form B, will be used to collect the following information in respect of each usual member of household present and each visitor to household: Full name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, marital status, mother tongue, religion birth place, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education physical or mental disability and economic characteristics.

11. In Part 3 of Form B, fertility information of females aged 15 and over in the household will be collected. In Part 4 of Form B, the following information will be collected on housing conditions and facilities of household: basis of occupation of the dwelling by household (like owner occupied or rented), main source of light available for the household, main cooking fuel used by household, whether a toilet facility is available within premises, main source of drinking water supply for the household with location of source, number of living rooms occupied by household and whether the following facilities are available: radio/transistor, television, telephone, personal computers, cell phone, bicycle, motorcycle, car and tractor. Information on whether the household has access to Internet will also be collected.

12. The above information will help in knowing the demographic and housing characteristics of the country as a whole. It is, therefore, very necessary that the information is collected as accurately as possible. The Enumerator's work will be closely supervised by a Supervisor and other supervising officers.

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[Section 12.1 Enumerator's kit is not presented here.]

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CHAPTER 2

Filling in of Form A: House list

The House list

13. Form A: House list will be filled in as a preliminary operation for three days preceding the Census Night. Before the census enumeration is taken up, it is essential to locate and identify all places which are occupied or used or which are likely to be occupied or used by people. The house listing operations are mainly meant for this purpose and house listing is a primary but important step in the census. The house list will help identify households first before the enumeration is done. It will also provide preliminary information on the number of persons usually living in the household or usual members of the household.

14. The house list which is proposed to be filled during the house listing operations is given at the end of this book (Appendix I). It will be noted that the Form is simple. The manner in which the house list has to be completed and the concepts and their explanation are described in detail in this chapter. It is absolutely essential for you to become thoroughly familiar with these instructions since this job of house listing is an extremely important one. Apart from listing of houses you will also be collecting some useful data on housing which are required for planning purposes. The success of the house listing operations is very much dependent on a thorough understanding of the concepts, definitions and instructions and on a faithful application of these concepts and definitions and following the instructions in the actual filling of the house list form. If you have any doubts you should not hesitate to ask your supervisor for clarification.

15. The house listing operations will involve certain basic steps which may be briefly summarized as follows:

16. The procedure for updating EA map is first described and after that the basic concepts relating to a building and a household are described. This is followed by the actual instructions with regard to filling in the house list.

Updating EA Map
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17. In order to be able to complete the house list, it would be necessary to locate and identify the buildings and households. This can be done only if you are thoroughly familiar with the area assigned to you for these operations. The purpose of the EA map is to help you to understand your jurisdiction or EA. Also, it is only if an EA map is with you that it will be possible for you to allot building numbers in a systematic manner. The first step, therefore, is to update the EA map and mark the residential and partly residential buildings.

18. The EA map that will be given to you is a sketch map which is not drawn to scale. It was prepared a few months ago and therefore, may require updating. An EA may include a village or part of a village (in case of a big village). EAs are delineated or formed in such a way that no building or structure with one or more households is left out. The EA map shows the general topographical details. The topographical details indicated on the EA map include permanent features and landmarks such as the village site, well-known roads, cart tracks, hills, rivers, etc., and also railway line, hospitals, schools, pagodas and similar clearly recognizable physical features. You may update the EA map first in consultation with the village chief concerned. Verify whether these recognizable features are found in their proper places in the EA map. You may make the necessary corrections by adding any new feature noticed by you or deleting any non-existing feature. If you find any new residential area not marked, you may indicate the same on the EA map.

19. The next step is to locate every single building occupied by one or more households in the EA. Such buildings should be marked on the EA map as indicated below:

20. When once the location of every building used wholly or partly for residential purposes is demarcated on the EA map it will be a simple matter to decide on numbering the buildings. No hard and fast rule can be laid down as to the direction in which the building numbers should run i.e. left to right or in a clockwise order or north-west to south-east and so on. Much depends on the lay-out. What is expected is that some convenient and intelligible order is followed.

Numbering of Buildings

21. The instructions given hereafter will guide you to determine a building for the purpose of house listing. A building is a readily distinguishable structure or group of structures which is taken as the unit for building numbering. The objective is to ultimately number and list out
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all physical units of constructions which are used for residential purposes, either wholly or partly.

22. Building: A building is generally a single structure on the ground. It is covered by a roof and usually enclosed within external walls or with common dividing walls with adjacent buildings. In some areas the very nature of construction of houses is such that there may not be any wall. For example when a conical roof almost touches the ground and an entrance is also provided then there will not be any wall as such. Such structures should be treated as buildings. Sometimes a building is made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwellings (residences) or as establishments such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, workshops, work-sheds, schools, places of entertainment and places of worship or as go-downs, stores, animal sheds, etc. It is also possible that buildings which have component units may be used for a combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office-cum-residence, etc.

23. Sometimes a series of different buildings may be found along the street which are joined with one another by common walls on either side looking like a continuous structure. These different units are practically independent of one another and likely to have been built at different times and owned by different persons. In such cases, though the whole structure with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be one building, each portion should be treated as a separate building and given separate numbers. You may also come across cases, particularly in Phnom Penh, of multi-storied flats. In these cases, while the structure looks like one building, the flats are occupied by different households. In the case of such multi-storied structures having a number of flats occupied by different households, each flat should be treated as one building and given a building number and each household in that flat should be identified and enumerated. However, a building with a ground floor and one, two or three floors will not be treated as a multi-storied building. In that case each household occupying that building will be treated as a household belonging to that building and will not be given a separate building number.

24. If there is more than one structure within an enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging to the same person, e.g., the main house, animal shed, sitting place, garage, etc., only one building number should be given for this unit.

25. The buildings should be numbered in a systematic manner as follows:

26. In some cases, the pattern of habitation may be such that a group of huts located in a compound, whether enclosed or not enclosed, is occupied by one household. While the main residence may be located in one hut, other huts may be used for sleeping or as a kitchen, bathroom, etc. Though each of the huts is a separate structure, they form a single housing unit and therefore, have to be treated collectively as a single building/structure for the purpose of the census. If some of the huts are used by one household and the others by a second household as residence, then the two groups of huts should be treated as two separate building units. You may also find people living in floating houses near the bank of river which are fixed and do not move from place to place like boats. These floating houses may be treated as buildings/structures and numbered along with other buildings in the EA concerned. Some people may be living in caves, big steel containers or unserviceable buses which are fixed to the ground. These may be also considered as buildings/structures of the EA concerned and numbered.

Household

27. A household is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. There may be a household of persons related by blood, a household of unrelated persons or a mix of both. Examples of unrelated households are boarding houses, messes, hostels, residential hotels, rescue homes, jails, pagodas, etc. These are called "Institutional Households". There may be one-member households, two-member households or multi-member households. For census purposes each one of these types is regarded as a "Household".
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28. If a group of persons who are unrelated to each other live in a building/structure, but do not have their meals from a common kitchen, then they would not constitute an Institutional household. Each such person should be treated as a separate household. The important link in finding out whether there is a household or not is the existence of a common kitchen.

28.1 Each household in a building will be allotted numbers like 01, 02, etc., and will be listed according to the instructions that follow. As each household will be related to the physical structure of a building, the household number as such may not be painted (or marked on a sticker) on the door of each building. In case there are several households in a building, (e.g. flats) household numbers may be painted on the door (or marked on a sticker) for easy identification.

Marking Building Numbers on EA Map

29. The numbers allotted to each building and the number of households contained in each building should be marked on the EA map as shown below:

[EA map omitted here]

29.1 With the help of arrow marks at convenient intervals, the direction in which the building numbers run should be indicated.

29.2 Specimen map of a village with two EAs and specimen map of EA 1 of that village after listing and updating, may be seen at Appendix III (A) and Appendix III (B).

House listing

30. After numbering of the building and marking it on the EA map, the next step is to list the building and household in a prescribed schedule, namely the House list. At the census this form called Form A: House list (see Appendix I), will be canvassed by you in the first stage.

30.1 You have to visit every building in your EA and make sure to list buildings which have households or persons living in them. You have to be careful in the case of office and business buildings as watchman or some members of staff may use them as premises. You must include such buildings
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used for both residential and non-residential purposes in the list. Vacant buildings and locked buildings occupied by households should also be included in the list.

30.2 The instructions given below will guide you in filling in the house list:

On the top of the house list form, provision is made to note the name of Khet/Krong with Code No.; name of Srok/Khand with Code No.; name of Khum/Sangkat with Code No.; name of Phum/Mondol with Code No.; and Enumeration Area No. Alternate names of administrative units like Khet/Krong, Srok/Khand are given for convenience. The names of the unit not applicable may be scored out. For example, if your EA is in Krong and not in Khet score out Khet, etc. These entries which will be referred to as "Identification Particulars" hereafter are to be filled in by you very carefully. This is the method by which every village in any Khum/Sangkat in every Srok/Khand of the Khet/Krong is identified by a combination of numbers. For this purpose every such unit would have been allotted code numbers. Your supervisor would have indicated to you the code numbers. You will have to enter these numbers in the relevant spaces against the names of the various jurisdictional units. It will be advisable to fill in the Identification Particulars in the blank forms before your commence house listing as it will save time during your rounds.

Column 1: Line Number

31. Every line in the House list is to be numbered by you serially. The line numbers will be continuous for your EA. For your convenience, serial numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, ... 9 and 0 have already been printed in this column. The last line number may be made 10, by writing 1 before 0 in the first page. In the second page, you can convert number 1 into 11 by writing 1 before 1; number 2 can be made 12 and so on. The last number can be made 20. This procedure can be continued till the end of EA.

Column 2: Building/Structure Number

32. The number which has been assigned in the EA map and which has been painted (or marked on a sticker) by you on the building which contains one or more households, should be entered in this column without the letter C (e.g. 001, 002 etc.).

Columns 3 to 5: Predominant Construction Material of Building/Structure

33. This question has been divided into three parts: (a) material of wall; (b) material of roof; and (c) material of floor. For your convenience the description of the predominant construction material has been indicated on the house list itself under each item, i.e., wall, roof and floor. A numerical code for a group of materials has been indicated. What you should do is to enquire about the materials of construction of building and enter the
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appropriate code in Columns 3 to 5 for each of the materials of wall, roof and floor respectively. You may be also able to see these materials.

Column 3: Material of Wall

34. For material of wall, eight codes have been provided which are indicated in the schedule itself. In order to determine the material of wall you have to take into account the material out of which the major portions of the walls of the building are made and then select the appropriate code. The code thus selected should be entered in Column 3. Dash (-) will be entered in the case of a structure with pillars and without walls, since question of wall does not arise in such a case. This can be explained in the Remarks column.

34.1 In case material of wall is other than those listed with Codes 1 to 7, write 8 and give the name of material in Column 3 itself or in Remarks column.

Column 4: Material of Roof

35. For material of roof of the building, eight codes have been provided. These are indicated in the schedule itself. If two or more kinds of materials are used for roof, the material that is mostly used may be taken as the roof material. After ascertaining the material of the roof you have to give the suitable numerical code in Column 4. In case the material of roof is other than those listed with Codes 1 to 7, write 8 and give the name of material in Column 4 itself or in Remarks column.

Column 5: Material of Floor

36. For material of floor, seven codes have been provided as indicated in the schedule itself. For the material of floor you have again to take the major portion of material out of which the floor of the building is made. For example, if in a building only the drawing room has ceramic tiles floor while all other rooms and corridors have just cement flooring, the material of floor to be recorded here will be "cement", i.e. Code 3. If a building has tiled floor in the bathroom and all other rooms have cement floor the material of floor will again be "cement".

36.1 It is emphasized that while recording the materials of wall, roof and floor, you have only to give the code number in the columns provided for this purpose and not description, except for other (specify).

Column 6: Purpose of Building/Structure

37. If a building is used wholly for residential purpose, give Code 1 in this column. If it is used as a residence as well as a shop, give Code 2. If it is used as a residence and workshop (or a household industry like weaving, pottery etc.), give Code 3. If it is used as a residence and any other
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establishment, give Code 4 and specify that establishment. Examples of Code 4 are residence and school, residence and office, residence and bank, residence and pagoda, etc. In these cases write 4. school; 4. office; 4. bank; 4. pagoda, etc.

Important Note
38. If a building is found wholly vacant, i.e. if nobody is living in it at the time of house listing and it is not used for any other purpose, it should also be marked on the EA map and numbered. In this case, write the word "Vacant" above the box marked on the EA map for this building. In Form A, Columns 1, 2 and 13 only may be filled-in for a vacant building leaving the other columns blank. In Column 1, line number may be entered and in Column 2, building number may be written for the vacant building. In the Remarks column (Column 13), the word "vacant" should be written. If a residential or partly residential building is found locked because the household members have gone on travel, then it should not be treated as "vacant". In this case also, Columns 1, 2 and 13 only may be filled-in and other columns may be left blank. The fact that the occupants have gone on a travel should be noted in the "Remarks" column as "Building locked?occupants travelling".

Column 7: Household No.

39. As already defined, a "household" is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. It may be made up of related or un-related persons or of mixed type. A cook or a servant living in the house of his employer and taking his food there, is part of that household. A hostel where a number of unrelated persons live together is an institutional household provided it has a common kitchen. So also is a jail.

40. There should be a household number in Column 7 since you have noted in Column 6 that the building is wholly or partly residential.

41. There may be more than one household in a building as already pointed out. Each household in one building should be given a separate number (01, 02, etc.). You will get an idea of the numbering of the buildings and households located in them from the following:
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42. Columns 8 and 9 are required to be filled in, only in respect of the head of household. You have to write the name and sex of the head of household.

Definition of Head of Household

43. The head of household for census purposes is a person who is recognized as such in the household. He or she is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for the management of the household and takes decisions on behalf of the household. The head of the household need not necessarily be the eldest male member, but may be a female member or a younger member of either sex. You need not enter into any long argument about it but record the name of the person who is recognized by the household as its head. In the case of an absentee de jure "Head", the person on whom the responsibility of the managing the affairs of the household falls at the time of house listing, should be regarded as the Head.

Column 8: Name

44. The name of the head of each household should be written in this column. In the case of Institutional households, such as hostels, residential hotels, jails, pagodas etc., where the head of institutional household can be recognized by designation, such as, hostel warden, jailer, chief monk,
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manager etc., you may enter this designation in this column after writing the name of the Institution. If there is no such designation, write the name of the recognized head of Institution.

45. In the case of institutional households, please write "I" within brackets after the name or designation of the head in this column. Example: Kolab II School Hostel, Manager (I); Mr Srey Rotha (I). Please also write "Institutional Household" in the Remarks column.

Column 9: Sex (1: Male, 2: Female)

46. If the head of the household is a male write 1. If female, write 2 in this column. For eunuchs and hermaphrodites, you may write 1 in the column.

Columns 10 to 12: Number of Persons Usually Living in the Household

47. Enter the number of males usually residing in the household in Column 10, number of females in Column 11 and total number of persons in Column 12 (total of Columns 10 and 11). Please note that the purpose of ascertaining these figures is to have a preliminary idea of the usual residents in the household. Casual visitors should be excluded as they will be considered at their respective places of normal residence. Persons like household helper, visitor or guest living and having their meals with the family are also considered as usual members of the household if they have been living with the household for six months or more, or if they have no other place of residence. Usual residents absent for six months or more should be excluded from the household in which they usually reside.

48. This will provide space for any useful information about the building, or household. As already mentioned in the Instructions for filling in Column 8, write "Institutional Household" in case of such household. If the building is vacant, write vacant here as already mentioned. If the building is locked and the occupants have travelled, you may record this in the Remarks column as already stated. This space may be also suitably used to explain Code 8 in Columns 3 and 4 or Code 7 in Column 5, if necessary.

General
49. Each page of the house list of the EA should be numbered continuously as 1, 2, 3, etc. The page number should be given in the place allotted on the right hand top corner of the house list. On every page of the
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house list for EA, the total number of pages used for EA should be given in the space provided on the right hand top corner.

50. The total number of households in Column 7 of the house list should be counted and written in the box for total under this column in each page. The figures of males, females and persons in Columns 10, 11 and 12 may be totaled and given for each page. In a separate sheet called House list Summary (Census Form 1), specimen of which is given in Appendix IV you have to copy totals of each of these columns from each page and strike the grand totals for EA.

50.1 It is important to check whether the figures entered in the House list Summary are arithmetically correct. The sum of number of males in Column 3 and the number of females in Column 4 should be equal to the number of persons in Column 5. This should be checked for every line and Total line of House list Summary.

51. The enumerator should write his/her name and sign all the pages of the house list and also record the date in the space provided.

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CHAPTER - 3

Filling in of Form B: Household Questionnaire

General

52. Form B Household Questionnaire (Appendix II) will be canvassed in all households in your EA. You must take Form A along with you and identify each household and do the enumeration in Form B.

Reference Time is 00:00 hours of March 3, 2008

53. The reference time for the 2008 Census is 00:00 hours of Monday, March 3, 2008. This means that the 2008 Census is expected to provide a snap shot of the population in the households in the EA as it exists at 00:00 hours of March 3, 2008. In other words, the population count relates to this reference time. As you will agree, it is not possible to ascertain the particulars of every individual at this fixed point of time. Therefore, the enumeration is spread over eleven days beginning on March 3, 2008 and ending on March 13, 2008. During these days, information is collected of persons present in households at 00:00 hours of March 3, 2008 (Census Night). Hence the entire enumeration relates to this reference time. Note that only persons alive in household at 00:00 hours of this day should be enumerated. Remember that all questions you ask must relate to Census Night unless you have specific instructions otherwise in this manual (e.g. questions on economic characteristics). Please also note that for House listing no such reference time is fixed since it is only a general preliminary inquiry. But for the Census (when Form B Household Questionnaire will be canvassed), a reference time is fixed, since census is expected to provide the population figures as at that time.

Important Note
54. Form B will be filled-in for all households in your EA. All households include normal or regular households, institutional households, homeless households, boat populations and transient populations. Form A will help you in identifying each normal or institutional household. Please note that persons belonging to diplomatic corps will not be included in the census count.

Specimen Form of Questionnaire
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55. Specimen of Form B Household Questionnaire is given as Appendix II. This form should be used to enumerate individuals in households in your EA. This will be done in a second round starting from March 3, 2008.

Instructions for filling in Form B Household Questionnaire Part I: Identification and Population Particulars

Identification Particulars

56. Fill in name and code of Khet/Krong, Srok/Khand, Khum/Sangkat and Phum/Mondol as you have already done for Form A House list. Enumeration Area Number also will be filled in the same way. Copy from Form A, the Building No. and Household No. on the top of the form. It will be advisable to fill in the Identification Particulars (except Building No., Household No. and Name of Head of Household) in the blank forms before your commence enumeration as it will save time during your rounds.

Type of Household/Population
57. Give the suitable code in the box provided for this purpose. For a normal household, give Code 1.

What to do when two or more Questionnaires are used for a Household?
58. There is a provision on each questionnaire to enumerate 10 persons. If you have to enumerate more than 10 persons in a household, continue enumeration on a new questionnaire. This new questionnaire is in continuation of the first one and must be treated as such. Remember that whenever you use more than one questionnaire for any household, you must write Household No. ... (Continued) on the right hand top of the first page of second and subsequent questionnaires. You should fill in Identification Particulars in continuation questionnaires also. You should write in the square provided at left hand bottom of the first page (Part 1) of the first questionnaire, the total number of the questionnaires used for the household. You must clip or pin together all questionnaires of the household concerned.

Name of Head of Household

59. Head of Household has already been defined. You may find his/her name against Household No. concerned in Column 8 of Form A: House list. You should record that here. If there is a change in the name of head of household between house listing and now, record the new name.

Filling in of Statements 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3

60. For filling in these statements, please carefully read the following instructions: Usual members may be divided into two categories: (i) those who slept in the house occupied by the household on Census Night i.e. those who were present on Census Night and (ii) those who were away and so were absent on Census Night. Please note that persons on night duty (e.g. doctors, nurses, policemen, watchmen, prison wardens etc.) who would have normally slept in the house but for going on night duty should be treated as usual members present in household on Census Night.

61. Visitors (i.e. guests of any member of household) who slept in the house on Census Night are called visitors to household present on Census Night.

62. In Statements 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 of Form B Part I, you have to fill in some particulars of usual members of household present on Census Night, visitors to household present on Census Night and usual members of household absent on Census Night respectively.

Important Note

63. You may use the number of persons usually living in the household recorded in Columns 10, 11 and 12 of the House list for guidance. But please remember that those figures related to all usual members of the household in general. You have to contact the head of the household or any responsible member of the household and obtain information for filling in the schedule as per instructions contained in the following pages. You should arrange the timing of your visit to households in your EA in such a way that you would be able to meet the head of household or any responsible member of each household. Sometimes you may find that all the members of a household had gone out for a few hours for shopping, work, study etc. leaving the building locked. In such cases you should leave a message for the household concerned that you will again visit the household for census enumeration (giving time and date) and requesting them to be present at that time. For this purpose you may use Call Back Cards (Appendix VII).

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Statement 1.1 Usual Members Present on Census Night

64. In this statement you should list out all usual members of household present on Census Night. You should write down first the name of the head of household (refer definition given earlier in paragraph 43 Chapter 2). If the head of the household was absent during the reference night, find out who was responsible for the household in the absence of head of household and record his or her name, provided this person slept in the household on Census Night.

65. In entering the names in Statement 1.1 it would be better if some system is followed. After entering the name and other particulars of the head of household, you should cover the near relations such as wife or husband of the head of household, sons and daughters, each son's wife and children, each daughter's husband and children, then other relations such as brothers, sisters, mother, father, etc., of the head of the household, then domestic servants, if any etc. Such a system of listing and entering of particulars will ensure that omissions are avoided, particularly of small children. It will also help in cross-checking replies regarding age.

66. A word of caution: - You must ask probing questions regarding relations such as unmarried sisters, parents, domestic servants and children. Otherwise, the head of the household may not indicate that there are such persons as usual members of the household present on the Census Night. Please make repeated enquiries about infants and very young children because they are often liable to be left out of the count.

Column 1: Serial Number
67. A serial number has to be given for each person using the numbers already printed.

Column 2: Full Name

68. This question hardly calls for any explanation. The names of persons starting with the head of household should be entered here. The names you put down should be such that if a second visit is paid to the house during or after the final enumeration, the persons to whom the names refer can be easily identified.

Babies who have not been named

68.1 Occasionally you will come across babies who were born before Census Night but who haven't been named by the time you call to enumerate. In such cases, write down "Baby" before the family name. For example, if the newly born baby's father's name is Savongz you should put
down Baby Savongz.

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Persons with identical names

68.2 You may also come across households where two or more persons are known by same family name (e.g. Meas). In such cases you must record also the names by which they are distinguished in the household and by neighbors and friends (e.g. Meas Savongz and Meas Savath).

Column 3: Relationship to Head of Household

69. In this column you will have to record the relationship to head of household in full, in words. The first person to be recorded is the head of household. In the case of the head write 'head'. For others write the full relationship. Do not use words like 'nephew', 'niece', 'uncle' or 'aunt', but state whether the person is the brother's or sister's son or daughter (for nephew or niece) or father's or mother's brother (for uncle), or father's or mother's sister (for aunt). Son or daughter will include adopted son or adopted daughter or step son/daughter. For brother-in-law, write wife's brother or sister's husband as the case may be. For grandson, write son's son or daughter's son as the case may be. In the case of boarders or domestic servants/cooks, etc., who are enumerated as members of the household though unrelated, write boarder or domestic servant/cook, as the case may be.

Column 4: Sex

70. Record Code 1 for male and 2 for female. It is important to ask the sex of the persons when information is being given to you by a third person. Bear in mind that some names can be misleading in this respect. For example, Vichet or Socheat can be used for a male as well as a female. For eunuchs and hermaphrodites write 1.

Statement 1.2: Visitors Present on Census Night

71. You have to record in Statement 1.2 of Form B Part 1, the full name, relationship to head of household and sex of every visitor who was present in the household on Census Night. Follow the instructions mentioned above for filling Columns 1 to 4. You are also required to write in Columns 5 or 6, the usual residence of the visitor. If the usual residence of the visitor is within Cambodia write the name of district to which that place belongs with name of province within brackets in Column 5 and put a dash (-) in Column 6. If the visitor usually resides in another country, put a dash (-) in Column 5 and write the name of that country in Column 6. If no visitor was present in the household on Census Night, score out neatly Statement 1.2.

Statement 1.3: Usual Members Absent on Census Night
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72. The entries in Statement 1.3 are restricted to usual members of the household who were absent from the house on census night. Note that only five lines have been provided in this column. If there are more than five persons to be entered here, you must use a continuation questionnaire and suitably enter the serial numbers.

Total of Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2

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74. One box has been provided for recording the total number of persons in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2. You are expected to add the number of persons in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 and put the total in the box concerned.

75. If you use more than one questionnaire for a household you should add up the number of persons listed under Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 on each questionnaire and put the total in the appropriate boxes of the first questionnaire for the household. The boxes on the second and subsequent questionnaires should be left blank.

76. You have to give your name, signature and date at the appropriate place.

Instructions for Filling in Form B Household Questionnaire Part 2: Individual Particulars

The Layout of Form B Household Questionnaire Part 2

77. This part of the questionnaire is divided into columns and rows. There are columns numbered 1,2,3....23. Each column refers specifically to a questionnaire item which is clearly stated at the head of the column.

Instructions for Filling in Columns 1 to 23 of Form B: Part 2
78. You have to collect information in Part 2 for all persons mentioned in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 of Part 1. Some of the following questions have been answered in Part 1. Therefore, there will be no need to ask these questions again. In such cases, all you have to do is to copy the information in the appropriate columns.

Column 1: Serial No.

79. A Serial Number has to be given for each line (i.e. for each person in the household starting from the head of household). For your convenience, the serial numbers have been printed in this column which you may use suitably. Please check that the last serial number given is equal to the total
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number of persons in Statements 1.1 and 1.2 given in the thick square at the bottom right-hand on the first page (Part 1).

Columns 2 to 4:

80. The information in these columns should be first entered from Statements 1.1 and 1.2 of Part 1 before proceeding further to fill in other columns for each person.

Column 2: Full Name

81. Write in the spaces provided the names of all respondents in the household (as in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2). First, the names in Statement 1.1, in that order, may be copied. This may be followed by the names in Statement 1.2 in that order.

Column 3: Relationship

82. Based on the information already collected in Column 3 of Statements 1.1 and 1.2, give the code for relationship to head of household for each person. Codes for relationship are provided on the questionnaire itself below Column 3. Read the relationship and select the proper Code. Note that Code 1 is for head of household. Head of household will always be the first person enumerated in the household. Code 2 should be given to the wife of a male head of household or to the husband of a female head of household. Code 3 should be given to the son or daughter of the head of household. Code 4 should be given to the father or mother of the head of household. Code 5 should be given to the grandson or granddaughter of head of household. All other relatives of the head of household should be given Code 6. You should take sufficient care to avoid wrong coding of relationship to head of household. For example, sister's son should not be coded as son (Code 3) because the word son is there. The correct Code in this case is 6. Non-relatives of the head of household should be given Code 7.

Column 4: Sex

83. This column may be filled in by copying the information from Column 4 of Statements 1.1 and 1.2 for the persons concerned.

Column 5: Age

84. The age of every person must be stated in completed years only, as on March 3, 2008. For those who know their birthdays, the age to be recorded is the age at last birthday. "Age in completed years only" means that all the ages must be recorded in full years, discarding fractions of years and months.

84.1 For instance, 15 years 11 months should be written down as 15. Do not write down months. Only years are required. The age of all infants who are less than one year old should be recorded as "00". In this case, you are requested to make sure that infants of the household, even if they are one day or
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less than one day old on Census Night, are invariably enumerated. It is again pointed out that you should take all precautions to enumerate children (less than age 14) and infants (less than 1 year). Unless you ask probing questions they are likely to be omitted. This is a very important instruction that you should always bear in mind. Most of the households have the Household Book. The date of birth of each person enumerated may be obtained from it. However, the date of birth has to be confirmed by the respondent before using it to calculate his/her age.

84.2 What to do when a person does not know his/her age?

For such a person use any of the following methods to estimate his/her age:

Column 6: Marital Status
85. Codes are provided in the column heading itself. You have to ask this delicate question carefully and record the appropriate code numbers according to the answers given. Record Code 1 for Never married, i.e. for those who have never entered into any form of marital union. Record Code 2
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for Married, i.e. currently married, 3 for Widowed, 4 for Divorced and 5 for Separated.

86. The category "Married" will include those persons who are contractually married but not yet living as a man and wife. Even if a marriage is disputed in the neighborhood, write Code 2 if the person concerned says he or she is married and is in a stable de facto union. The category "Separated" will include both legal and de facto separations. Persons who were widowed or divorced but have remarried must be recorded as married.

Column 7: Mother Tongue

87. The mother tongue of a person is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. If the mother died in infancy, the language mainly spoken in the person's home in childhood will be the mother tongue. In case of infants and deaf mutes, the language usually spoken by the mother should be recorded. In case of doubts, the language mainly spoken in the household may be recorded.

Column 8: Religion

88. Record the appropriate code number for the religion to which the respondent says he/she belongs. There is no need to verify this. You must accept whatever answer is given. For those claiming to belong to religions that fall under other categories, record Code 4 and specify the reported religion, e.g. 4 Hindu. For a person who says that he/she has no religion, write 4 No religion.

Column 9: Birth Place

89. If a person reports to have been born in this village, record Code 1 in the blank space (not in the shaded boxes which are reserved for coding in office). Persons reporting to have been "born in this village" are those born in the same village in which you are conducting your enumeration. The birth place of a person is the place of usual residence of the person's mother at the time of birth. For example, for a person born in (a) a hospital or maternity home outside the usual place of residence of the mother or (b) mother's village or (c) some other place where the mother had gone for a short visit, the birthplace of this person will be the place in which the mother normally lives and not the place of the hospital, the mother's village or place of visit. If however, the mother's length of stay outside her place of usual residence was six months or more or the mother had the intention of staying in the new place for six months or more, the "actual place of physical birth" will be considered as the birth place of the person in question. For example, suppose Bossadine, who normally resides with her husband in Bak Kheng, went to Kandal Koh to deliver her child in her mother's house and returned within six months -- the birthplace of the child will be Bak Kheng and not Kandal Koh.

Column 10: Previous Residence

90. In the blank space (not shaded boxes), record 1 if the respondent lived in the village where enumeration is being conducted continuously since birth (except for shifting to another place outside the village of enumeration for a purely temporary stay) and skip to Column 13. If a person was usually residing in another village immediately before he/she came to the present
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village where he/she is enumerated, the earlier village is the person's previous residence. If the person had lived earlier in more than one village, the immediate previous residence of the person is what we are interested in. For example, for a person enumerated in village who A had lived earlier in village B and before that in village C, his/her previous residence is village B and not village C. Write the name of the district of previous residence and also write the name of the province of that district within brackets. If the respondent is reported to have resided outside Cambodia, write the name of the country. It is important to note that even if a person was born at the place of enumeration but had shifted subsequently to another village for work or for studies, and had come back again to the place of enumeration, he/she should be considered as having had another place of residence prior to his/her enumeration here.

Column 11: Duration of Stay

91. The question on duration of stay refers to the duration of stay in the village of enumeration since coming from the last previous residence. This question, "how long have you lived in this village?" is to be administered only if the answer in Column 10 is that the place of last residence was another village in Cambodia or in a country outside Cambodia. In other words, the answer in Column 10 is not Code 1. Duration of stay should be recorded in Column 11 using the codes for Column 11 given on the questionnaire itself. If the answer in Column 10 is Code 1, put a dash (-) in Column 11.

Column 12: Reason for Migration

92. "Migration", means moving to the place where you are enumerating from another village (or another country) which was the last previous residence. For persons to whom you have given a code other than 1 in Column 10 and for whom you have entered a duration of stay code in Column 11, you have to record a reason for migration by giving one of the codes applicable to the person concerned from the list of codes for Column 12 given below the column. For a person to whom you have given Code 1 in Column 10, put a dash (-) in Column 12. The reasons given are simple and easily understandable. Code 05 (Family moved) needs an explanation. If a member of a family had to move to the place of enumeration from a previous residence because the entire family moved, this code has to be given. For example, if Ratha migrated because his place of work is transferred, give Code 01 for him. For his wife and children, who had to also move with him, the reason for migration is "Family moved" (05) and not "Transfer of work place" (01). However, if his wife or son or daughter gives a separate reason for moving to this place like "in search of employment" or "education" you have to assign the appropriate code to him/her. Give Code 09 (Repatriation or Return after displacement) to a person who was repatriated by an official agency or to a person who returned to his/her village after having left earlier
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due to internal disturbances or political reasons. Children who are orphans after their parents' death may be adopted by somebody or may be taken care of by some relatives. This may result in the orphaned children moving from one place to another. In such cases, give Code 10. For any reason of migration other than the first eleven listed, give Code 12 and write down the reason in the column itself. Please note that Code 12 should be given only if the reason for migration is not covered by any of the Codes 01 to 11. For instance, if a person had been repatriated, you must give Code 09 in his/her case and not write "12 (repatriated)".

Column 13: Literacy

93. The definition of literacy is the ability to read and write with understanding in a language. A person is literate when he/she can both read and write a simple message in a language or dialect. A person who cannot both read and write a simple message is considered illiterate. Also to be considered as illiterate is that person who is capable of reading only his/her own name or numbers, as well as persons who can read but not write, or vice versa. For the present census all children of the age of 6 years or less (i.e. completed age 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 ) should be treated as illiterate even if the child is going to a school and may have picked up reading and writing a few odd words in a language.

Column 13(a): Literacy in Khmer Language

93.3 The person aged 7 and above may be asked whether he/she can read and write with understanding in Khmer language. If the answer is Yes, record 1 in Col. 13 (a). If it is No, record 2 in that column. If you are not sure whether the person can read and write, you may show the person the census instruction manual and ask him to read a line or ask him to write a simple sentence in Khmer.

Column 13 (b) Literacy in another language

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93.4 The person who said Yes in Col. 13 (a) may be asked whether he/she can read and write with understanding in any other language i.e. whether he/she is literate in one more language (other than Khmer).

93.5 If he/she says "No", record Code 1 for him/her in Col. 13 (b). If he/she tells the name of a language give the code of that language in Col. 13 (b) from the list given under the column. If it is any language other than the six languages with codes, give Code 8 and specify that language.

93.6. The person who said "No" (Code 2) for Col. 13 (a) may be asked to tell the language in which he/she can read and write with understanding. If he/she says again, "No," give Code 1 for him/her in Col. 13 (b). If he/she tells the name of the language in which he/she can read and write with understanding, give the code of that language in Col. 13 (b) for him/her according to the same list of codes. If it is any language other than the six codes, enter Code 8 and specify that language.

93.7 In both the cases mentioned above if the respondent is literate in more than one language, only one language is to be recorded, that being the best of the languages in which he is literate.

Column 14: Full Time Education

94. Full-time education refers to education in an educational institution like Primary School, Secondary School, College, etc.

Column 14 (a): Has the person attended School/Educational Institution?

95. Please note that this question applies to both literate and illiterate persons, i.e. irrespective of answers in Col. 13 (a) and (b). This also applies to children aged 6 and below. The answer to this question may be recorded as follows:

Column 14 (b): What is the Highest Grade Completed?
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96. Enter dash (-) in the two sub-Columns in the case of a person who has never attended a school/educational institution (Code 1 in Column 14 (a)). Categories of educational levels have been provided for recording the highest grade completed in the school, college or any other educational institution attended by the respondents. A last category, "other (specify)" (Code 20), has been included to cater for other educational categories not mentioned. In general, you may check whether the educational level of a person is consistent with his/her age. For example, a boy or girl of age 8 could not have completed class 11. If any such inconsistency is noted, please make probing questions and ascertain the correct answer.

Column 15: Physical/Mental Disability, if any

97. This question is a sensitive one and should be canvassed without offending the feelings of the respondent. The purpose of this question is to elicit the information of whether the respondent has any physical/mental disability. If he/she has no such disability put (0) in the two sub-columns. The five types of disabilities identified for census purpose are given below:

Columns 16 to 21 on Economic Characteristics of Population

98. These columns relate to the economic characteristics of population both male and female. Information proposed to be collected on economic characteristics of population include information on economically active
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and economically not active population. The economically active population includes those who are employed and unemployed. The economically inactive population includes those who are mainly home makers, full-time students, dependents, rent-receivers, retired people and other categories of income recipients; and others who are neither employed or unemployed and also do not come under any of the inactive categories mentioned. The reference period for this is the one year or 12 months before the census night, that is from 4 March 2007 to 3 March 2008. This is also referred to as last year or last one year in this instruction manual.

Column 16: Main Activity during Last Year.

99. First we want to know what has been the main activity of the person during the one year preceding the Census Night. Main Activity means the activity during 6 months (183 days) or more during the last one year (i.e. for the major part of the last year). Codes have been provided on the schedule itself which are to be used while answering this question.

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Columns 17 to 21

100. Information in these Columns should be filled in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 16) or unemployed (employed before) (Code 2 in Column 16). For unemployed (not employed before) (Code 3 in Column 16) and mainly inactive population (any Code from 4 to 8 in Column 16), no information can be furnished in Columns 17 to 21 and hence enter dash (-) in each of these Columns for these persons. The following are the instructions for filling in Columns 17 to 21 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 16. The information to be filled in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 16). In the case of unemployed (employed before) (Code 2 in Column 16), the information to be filled in will relate to last employment held by that person.

Column 17: Employment Period

101. Give the number of months (rounded off to the nearest month) during which the respondent was employed in the last 12 months. In the case of Code 1 in Column 16, the entry in Column 17 may be 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11 or 12 if the person was employed for 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 months respectively during the last 12 months. In the case of Code 2 in Column 16, please note that you have to enter in Column 17, the number of months employed during the last 12 months only. The entry in Column 17 will be 00 if the person was not employed during the last 12 months. The entry will be 01, 02, 03, 04, or 05 if the person was employed for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 respectively during the last 12 months.

Column 18: Occupation

102. Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager, etc.).

102.1 You must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator, etc. Do not write "Casual Laborer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/she was a construction worker, loader, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/she was doing mostly and record this.

Column 19: Employment Status
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103. Five categories have been provided for Employment Status or Class. When the answer corresponds to one of these, you should record the appropriate code number. Note that you should record only one code for each respondent.

Column 20: Nature of Industry, Trade or Service

104. You have to record here the sector of economy in which a person worked. Examples are: Cultivation, fishing, livestock rearing, selling of vegetables, automobile repairs, manufacture of toys, transport service, school or educational service, sale of clothes (retail), manufacture of eatables, etc. If a person works as a sales assistant in a gas station, his occupation is sales assistant and the nature of his trade is selling petrol (retail). The broad sectors of economy are: (i) Cultivation, fishing, livestock rearing; (ii) Mining or quarrying; (iii) Manufacturing, processing, servicing; (iv) Repairing; (v) Construction; (vi) Electricity, gas or water supply; (vii) Transport and communication; (viii) Trade and Commerce; (ix) Services like domestic service, public service, etc. Do not be content with answer like Reaksmey, Angkor and Co., Bayon and Co., etc., since from these names alone you cannot record the nature of activity of the Company. Ask probing questions to get information regarding the kind of product (e.g. manufacture of cigarettes) or the kind of trade (e.g. Newspaper selling) or the kind of service (e.g. hair
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dressing) in which the establishment or company is engaged in. If a person is working in a company with several activities, report the nature of the branch of the company in which the person is working. If the person is employed in a Government office or institution, the name of the office, bureau, school, etc., may be given (e.g. Ministry of Planning, Directorate of Agriculture, High court, Phnom Penh High School etc.).

Column 21: Sector of Employment

105. This refers to the sector in which the institution or establishment of the employed person falls. Eight sectors are listed with their codes on the questionnaire.
105.1 You have to give one of the appropriate codes as explained below:

Column 22: Secondary Economic Activity

106. This column has to be filled in for all persons with one of the Codes 1 to 8 in Col. 16. The purpose of this column is to find out whether the person who was mainly economically active or inactive last year had a second job or a secondary economic activity last year which gave him/her additional income or some income in cash or kind.

Please note that the activity recorded in this column constitutes the secondary activity in the case of those who were mainly employed last year (Code 1 in Column 16). In respect of others (Codes 2 to 8 in Column 16) it constitutes their marginal activity last year.

A commune chief (or village chief) might have also participated in work in his own farm for some time. His/her main activity is commune administration (or village administration) and secondary activity is unpaid employment in farming. A woman who was a home maker most of the time (Code 4 in Col. 16) could have assisted in farming as an unpaid family worker in her spare time. Her secondary economic activity is unpaid employment in farming. A girl might have been mainly a student. You would have given her Code 5 in Col. 16. To earn some money she might work in a house as a maid during her spare time. Her secondary economic activity is maid. A youth who was studying in school might work as a security guard in the night and earn money. His secondary activity is security guard. You have to accept whatever is returned as the person's secondary economic activity.

Column 23: Place of work or schooling

107. This question relates to place of work (main activity) or schooling. Hence it applies only to a person with Code 1 or 5 in Col. 16 (Main activity).

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As it does not apply to a person with any of the Codes 2 to 4, or 6 to 8 in Col. 16, you have to put a dash in Col. 23 in respect of that person.

108. Column 23: Location of work place or school

For Those with Code 1 (Employed) in Column 16

This relates to an employed person i.e. who has Code 1 in Col. 16. Find out the location of his working place (for main activity not secondary economic activity).

Filling in of Form B Household Questionnaire Part 3: Fertility Information of Females Aged 15 and over Listed in Column 2 of Part 2
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110. This part of the questionnaire relates to fertility information. These questions will be asked in the case of females aged 15 and over in the household who have already been enumerated in Part 2 of Form B Household Questionnaire. Note that fertility information should be collected for all women aged 15 and above in the household irrespective of their age or marital status. In other words, this will include elderly women and women who were never married, married, widowed, divorced or separated.

111. One line should be used for recording information of one woman. Give fresh Sl. No. 1, 2, 3, etc. for each line.

Column 2: Full name of woman

112. Copy the names of females aged 15 and more in the household one by one in the same order in which these are recorded in Column 2 of Part 2. This can be done by referring to Full name of the person (Column 2), Sex (Column 4) and Age (Column 5) of Part 2. Please do not add any name here which is not already recorded in Column 2 Part 2 as we are collecting fertility information for females aged 15 and over in the household only. Please also do not omit to copy the name of a woman aged 15 and above just because she is not married or she had no children or she is beyond 50 or 60. You have to copy the names of all women aged 15 and above in the household in Part 3 and then provide the necessary fertility information in each case. In other words, even in the case of a woman aged 15 and above for whom the question of birth does not apply at all, you have to copy her name in Column 2 and write 00 in Columns 4 to 7.

Column 3: Serial Number in Column 1 of Part 2

113. Please record for each woman her corresponding Sl. No. in Column 1 of Part 2 which you have identified already and tick marked. For example, if the first woman whom you have recorded here has Sl. No. 4 in Column 1, Part 2 you have to enter 4 in this Column against her name and so on. As you will appreciate, this will enable easy reference.

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Columns 4 to 6: Number of Children Born

114. The questions in this Column have been designed in such a way as to elicit the vital information we require without embarrassing the respondents. We have to find out the total number of children born to a woman, number of children living and number of children dead among them. Please remember that the nature of responses you will obtain will depend, to a great extent, on how tactfully you put these questions. Great care must be taken to choose words which, while retaining the exact meaning of the questions, will not give rise to any emotional feelings. Finally, please note that the word "children" in the questions refers to the woman's own offspring of whatever age and sex and not the children of a brother, sister or husband or other relative or non-relative or adopted ones who may be living with her. You should also note that some of the respondents may be old and their memory weak. You should, therefore, exercise patience and help them to recollect the correct number of children born to them. If no child is reported for any of the questions, write 00 in the column concerned.

Columns 4: (a) and (b): How many Children have been born alive to the woman? (Separately by males in Column (a) and females in Column (b))

115. Record the number of children born alive to the respondent in the space provided, for male children in Column (a) and for female children in Column (b). Give the number in two digits as instructed at the heading of this column. When administering this question, care must be taken to ensure that only the number of children born alive to a respondent is recorded. When a child is not born alive it is called a still birth. Still births should not be included while furnishing information in Columns 4 (a) or 4 (b).

116. It is therefore necessary for you to know the definition of live birth (or children born alive). It is as follows:

Live birth is the complete expulsion (delivery) or extraction from its mother of a product of conception (baby), irrespective of the duration of pregnancy. The baby, after such separation, breathes or shows other evidence of life
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such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Each product of such birth is considered as a live birth.

To put it in simple terms, a live birth is one in which the baby has cried.

Column 5 (a) and (b): How many of them are living? (separately for male children living in Column (a) and female children living in Column (b))

117. Record in the space provided, the number of the woman's own children by sex who are alive. Some of them may be in the same household and others may live elsewhere. You have to record all of them. Remember to include in this category any of the woman's own children who normally live in this household but who are absent at the time of the interview. In some rare cases when the children are away from their mother, she may not know whether all or some of them are living or not. In those cases write the number of children known to be living under Column 5 (a) for male and under Column 5 (b) for female. Put an asterisk on that number. In the space provided below the 10th line put the asterisk again and write against it as follows: Note: It is not known whether?. (Write the number) of male and ?. (Write the number) of female children are living or not.

Columns 6 (a) and (b): How many of them have died? (separately for male children dead in Column (a) and female children dead in Column (b)

118. Record in the space provided the number of the woman's own children by sex who are dead. Note that some women may not easily remember the number of their children who have died. Therefore, you should help the respondent to find the correct number by counting your fingers as she mentions the names of the children dead. This is a sensitive question and you must ascertain the answer without wounding the feelings of the respondent.

Note: Make sure that no child is counted more than once or omitted. Please remember that the number of children born alive to a woman should be equal to the total of number of children living and number of children dead.

Column 7: Particulars of Births in the last 12 months

119. This question is aimed at collecting information on births (separately as male or female birth) in the 12 months prior to the date of enumeration to all females aged 15 years and over. Please note that the number of children born alive, already recorded in Columns 4 (a) and 4 (b), include the child born alive to the woman in the last 12 months. In the case
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of older women (say, beyond age 50) or widows or divorced women, there may not be any birth in the last 12 months. In their cases you also have to fill in this column by entering dash (-). Please, however, remember that occurrence of births is not entirely ruled out in such cases. Only if the child was born alive, you should record 1 under male or female as the case may be. Still birth, i.e., a child which is born dead, should not be taken into account for this purpose. So you should make sure that every case of birth of a child born alive, even if it is not alive on the date of enumeration, is reported. You should not record it if the child was born lifeless. Suppose a child was born alive then died immediately after birth. It is a live birth which should be reported. You have to make sure that any live birth that has occurred to a woman in the last one year is recorded whether the child is surviving till date of enumeration or not.

Column 8: State who assisted her during the delivery.

120. Ascertain who attended on the woman during delivery of her child in the last twelve months. Please enter the appropriate code from the list given under Col. 8 which is reproduced below:

Filling in of Form B Household Questionnaire Part 4 : Housing Conditions and Facilities

121. This part of the questionnaire on housing conditions of the household has to be filled in after completing the main household questionnaire (Form B Parts 2 and 3). This part should be completed with
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the assistance of the head of the household or any responsible member of the household.

122. In cases where within a household, members use a variety of facilities, probe to establish the facility used by the majority of household members and record it for the household. For example, if the members of a household use more than one source of light you should record the main source of light used by the majority of members.

123. Please note that in this part for Columns 1 to 7, 18 and 19, you are required to write only the code corresponding to the appropriate answer in the square provided at the bottom of each column. Under no circumstances you should write more than one code for each question.

Column 1: On what basis does the household occupy this dwelling?

124. Four code numbers have been provided for recording the answers to this question. Dwelling here refers to the room or the set of rooms occupied by the household.

124.1 Owner occupied: Give Code 1 if the household has a dwelling belonging to either the head or a member of the household for which no rent is being paid. Note that this group includes persons occupying houses or buildings on hire purchase basis or living in houses or buildings built with loan from financial institutions for which full payments have not been made. Note also that even if the head or a member of household owns part of a family house which was occupied by the household, you should give Code 1.

124.2 Rent: Give Code 2 if the household has been paying rent for its accommodation. Remember that rent here implies the payment of money at the end of a specified period.

124.3 Not owner, but rent-free: Give Code 3 if the household has an accommodation free of charge although the house or building is not the property of the head or any member of this household. For example, households staying in family houses free of rent.

124.4 Other, (specify): Give Code 4 for any answer not fitting in any of the three categories specified above and specify the basis on which the household occupies the dwelling.

Column 2: Main Source of Light

125. Determine the type of lighting used in the household most of the time and give the appropriate code. The types of lighting and their codes are as follows:

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Column 3: Main Cooking Fuel

126. Find out from the respondent the kind of fuel used by the household most of the time for cooking. Give the code for the appropriate item. If two or more kinds of cooking fuel are used, e.g. electricity and LPG; LPG and wood; kerosene and charcoal; etc. give the code for the fuel which is used most of the time for cooking.

The codes for the kind of fuel used for cooking are as follows:

Column 4: Toilet Facility within Premises

127. If a toilet facility is not available within premises give Code 1 in the square provided. If available, ascertain the type of toilet and enter one of the Codes 2 to 5 as appropriate in the square.

Column 5: Main Source of Drinking Water Supply

128. The following are the codes for different sources of drinking water supply:

Column 6: Location of drinking water source

129. Having ascertained the main source of drinking water for the household in Column 5 you have to find out where that source is located. If it is within premises give Code 1 in the square, if near the premises give Code 2, or if away from the premises give Code 3. "Near the premises" refers to a walking distance of about five minutes. "Away" is more than such a distance.

Column 7: No. of rooms occupied by Household

130. Record in the square provided in this column the number of rooms occupied by the household using the code given in the column itself. If a household is in occupation of more than eight rooms you have to record only 8.

Columns 8 to 17 (a) and (b): Facilities owned by the household

131. Eleven items of utility are given one each in Columns 8 to 16 and two in Col. 17. Ascertain for each whether the household owns the facility. If not owned, write "00" in the square concerned. If owned, ascertain how many items are owned and give that number in the square concerned.

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132. Columns 18 and 19 State Whether the Household has Access to Internet at Home, outside Home

Column 18: If one or more members of the household have access to an Internet facility at home, give Code 1 in Column 18. If not, give Code 2 in Column 18.

Column 19: If one or more members of the household have access to Internet outside home at an Internet Cafe, browsing center, office or any other place, record Code 1 in Column 19. If not, give Code 2 in Column 19.

Please note that Column 19 should be filled in after ascertaining about access to Internet outside home both in respect of those who have access to it at home (Code 1 in Column 18) and those who have no access to Internet at home (Code 2 in Column 18).

133. Filling in of Form B Household Questionnaire Part 5: Death in Household

This is the last part of the household questionnaire (Form B). This section is considered as part of household questionnaire with very sensitive questions. You should be polite and patient when asking these questions. You should explain to the respondents about this information which is very necessary for studying the mortality rate (per 1000 population), maternal mortality rate and for the calculation of the population growth rate. You should take special care to see that correct information is ascertained; you may have to ask probing questions patiently to achieve this.

133.1 Deaths in household in the last 12 months: Total Number of Deaths

Columns (1) to (6) are for recording death of any member of the household in the last 12 months

This relates to the death of any member of the household during the last 12 months in the same household. Before recording any death you should know that the death of the person took place when he/she was living in the household. For example, if a woman who was formerly a member of the household during the census had died as a member of another household (which she joined after marriage), her death should not be recorded in the census household.

133.2 If a member of the census household died at hospital irrespective of the period of stay in the hospital, such death should be recorded as in the census household. If a member of the census household was traveling to some place for getting health care and died in that place, it should be recorded as in the census household. For example, Nara who is a member of household (A) in Kandal fell ill and went to Phnom Penh to receive treatment and stayed in the household of (B) in Phnom Penh. If he died in Phnom Penh, his death should be recorded in household (A) and not in household (B). To determine to which household a member belongs in such cases, six months or more may be treated as the period the person should have stayed in the household to treat him/her as belonging to that household.

133.3 For recording death in the household in the last 12 months, nine columns are provided. One line should be used for recording one death. The first
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column is for the serial number. In Column 2 you should write the full name of the deceased. In case of infant death where the infant is not given a name, write "INFANT (Kouy Kim Deth's infant)". In Column 3 you should fill in the sex of the deceased. In Column 4 the relationship to the head of household should be filled in. In Column 5 the age at death in completed years of the deceased at the time of death should be recorded. In Column 6 give the appropriate code for the cause of death of the person. The list of causes of death given on the questionnaire contains one group of codes for illness and another for accidents. The codes from 01 to 11 relate to illness and codes from 12 to 15 for accidents. If there are two or more causes, give the code for one cause only after probing which was the most important cause. If with all efforts (i.e. discussing with other members, etc.) you are not able to ascertain the actual cause of death of any person, enter Code 16 (Not Known).

134. Columns 7 (a), 7 (b) and 7 (c) are for recording Maternal Deaths among Females aged 15 49. These columns are intended to know whether the death of women aged 15-49 in the household was a case of maternal mortality. If the woman died while pregnant during delivery or within 42 days after delivery, you should take it as a maternal mortality. You would have already noted such a death with Code 09 or 10 in Col. 6. It is possible that initially some other code might have also been given in Col. 6 for the death of woman aged 15-49 who died within 42 days after giving birth. Hence you have to probe carefully to obtain the information for Col. 7 (a), 7 (b) and 7 (c).

134.1 For Col. 7 (a) you should ask and find out whether the death of the woman took place when she was pregnant, during her delivery time or within 42 days after she gave birth to a child. If the answer is "Yes" give Code 1, in Col. 7 (a), if "No" give Code 2 and enter a dash in Col. 7 (b) and 7 (c).
If "Yes" in Column 7 (a), you should record the appropriate code in Column 7 (b) for the place where the death took place, from the code list given below that column. The codes are:

Furthermore, you should record the appropriate code in Col. 7 (c) (from the list given below that column) for the person who attended on the woman before her death. The codes to be given are as follows:

135. As already described in Paragraph 27 of Chapter 2, an institutional household is a household of unrelated persons like boarding houses, messes, hostels, residential hotels, rescues homes, jails, pagodas, etc. It should be noted that if a group of persons who are unrelated to each other live in a building/structure, but do not have their meals from a common kitchen, then they would not constitute an Institutional household. Each such person should be treated as a separate household.

136. Institutional households would have already been identified by you during house listing (see Paragraph 45, Chapter 2). This Chapter relates to enumeration of inmates of these institutions. Only inmates who are present in an institution on Census Night should be enumerated. The officials of an institution like warden, manager, assistant, sweeper, etc., who only work in the institution and who do not stay in the institution would be enumerated at their residences and not at the institution. Those officials who are on night duty at an institution will not be enumerated as inmates of that institution even if they had spent Census Night at the institution. This is because they would have normally stayed in their respective residences at that time but came to the institution for work.

137. The instructions for filling in Form A House list and Form B Household Questionnaire for an institutional household are consolidated and given below:

Form A House list

Form B Household Questionnaire

Part 1

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This part of the Questionnaire on housing conditions and facilities need not be filled in for an institutional household. Hence this portion may be neatly scored out.

Part 5
Furnish in this part information on death in the household in the last 12 months following the instructions given under normal or regular household.

Large sized Institutional Households

138. If there is any institution in your EA with a large number of inmates (say more than ten), you may request the head of that institution
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during the house listing round to prepare and keep ready a list of inmates who are likely to stay on Census Night in that institution.

138.1 On March 3, 2008, you should visit the institution again and check the list of inmates prepared by the head of the institution. Names of persons who did not spend Census Night in the institution should be deleted from the list while those who were not listed, but who spent Census Night in the institution, should be included. You should then enumerate all the persons appearing in the updated list.

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CHAPTER 5

Enumeration of Homeless Households, Boat Population and Transient Population

Homeless Household
139. This type of household includes households who do not live in a building or structure (e.g. those who live on the road side, pavements, park, in open space outside a pagoda or market, etc.). Such population in your EA should be enumerated around midnight of March 3, 2008, i.e. on Census Night itself. In order to do this, you will have to take note of the possible places where such populations normally live in your EA. You can do this during house listing. Please, however, note that since such populations live in the open, without a building or structure, they will not be listed in the house list (Form A). You will have to cover all such homeless households and enumerate them in Form B on the Census Night. If there is likely to be a large number of homeless persons in your EA., you may not be able to enumerate single-handed in one night. You should report this fact to your supervisor in advance so that one or more extra enumerators can be appointed to assist you in the one-night enumeration of such homeless persons. Beggars, vagrants and persons of unsound mind who live without a shelter have to be enumerated as homeless population and should not be missed.

140. The Instructions for filling in Form B Household Questionnaire for homeless household are given below:

Form B Household Questionnaire
Part 1

Enumeration of homeless households in this part of the Questionnaire will be on the same lines as for normal or regular households.

Part 3

Fertility information of females aged 15 and above in a homeless household will be recorded in this part of the questionnaire following the same instructions as for normal or regular households.

Part 4

This part of the Questionnaire on housing conditions and facilities do not arise for homeless households. Hence this portion may be neatly scored out.

Part 5

Furnish in this Part, information on deaths in the household in the last 12 months following the instructions given under normal or regular household.

If you find a group of homeless people in your EA who are unrelated (e.g. street children) you should fill in their particulars in the same Form B continuously (treating it as a household of unrelated members) starting from any one of them (as head of household) and recording all others as nonrelatives (Code 7) for the purpose of Column 3: Relationship.

Boat Population

141. Persons living in boats which are on the move are referred to as boat population. They will be enumerated on Census Night. Before enumeration, boats found in an EA will be given separate three digit numbers as follows: B001, B002 etc. The letter B before the number indicates it is a boat number. This number will be prominently written on the boat with a chalk piece or on the sticker affixed. Please note that Form A House list will not be filled in for boats. A separate Form B should be filled in for people in boats treating each boat as a separate building or structure. In identification particulars, in Part 1 of Form B, boat number should be written under building number. Give Code 4 in the box under "Type of Household/Population". Instructions for enumerating the boat population will be the same as for normal households except that (1) Statements 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 and Total Statements in Part 1 of Form B will not be filled in and (2) Part 4 of Form B will also not be filled in and may be neatly scored out.

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Transient Population
142. This category of population includes the following: (i) persons who stayed on Census Night in airports, railway stations, bus stands, harbors, ferries and in carts (as travelers); (ii) nomadic population who camped on Census Night in a village; (iii) persons who on Census Night stayed in ships within the Cambodian territorial waters and (iv) persons who stayed on Census Night at international border posts. House list Form A will not be filled in for the transient population.

Enumeration of the transient population will be done in Form B following the same instructions as given for homeless households. But in the cases of transient population, Statements 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 of Part 1 and Parts 3, 4 and 5 need not be filled in. Hence, Statements 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 of Part 1 and Parts 3, 4 and 5 may be neatly scored out in the cases of transient population. However, please note that in the case of transient population, you have to give Code 5 in the box under "Type of Household/Population" in Part 1. You should also indicate on the dotted line above the box the place where such population is found (e.g. Phnom Penh Railway Station, Ship Sorya in the harbour). Special arrangements will be made to enumerate the transient population on Census Night.

General
The following statement is given to guide you readily regarding filling in of Form A/Form B for different types of households.

[Table on page 60 omitted here.

This table indicates the Form and parts of Form B that need to be filled for each type of household:
For normal/regular households, both Form A and Form B (Part 1-5) need to be filled.
For institutional households, Form A and Parts 2, 3, and 5 of Form B need to be filled.
For homeless households, Parts 2, 3, and 5 of Form B need to be filled.
For boat population, Parts 2, 3, and 5 of Form B need to be filled.
For transient populations, only Part 2 of Form B needs to be filled.]

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CHAPTER 6

Preparation of Enumerator's Summary
143. After completing enumeration of a household, you should fill in Census Form 2 called Enumerator's Summary (Appendix VI). You should fill in the identification particulars carefully. The figures which you furnish in this Summary will be used for compiling provisional results. You should not, therefore, make any arithmetical or posting mistake. Thirty lines are provided in the Enumerator's Summary. You may abstract the required information of each household one by one from the columns concerned in Form B Part 2 and record this in the Form. The number of Forms required depends on the number of households in the EA. Give the page number at the right hand top for each Form used. Each line in this Form is to be used for one household. The last line is for giving the total of each column. In Column 3 you have to count the number of households and give it in the total Column. In each page the total for each page may be given. In the last page the grand total for the EA as a whole may be given. The procedure to fill in Columns 2 to 8 of the Enumerator's Summary is explained below:

Columns 2 and 3: Building No. and Household No.

144. In these two columns copy the Building Number and Household Number of each household from the Identification Particulars given at the top of Form B Part 1 filled-in for the household.

Column 4: No. of Questionnaires used

145. You should write here the number of Form B used for the household. You must have already recorded this number in the square at the left hand bottom of first page of the first Form B used for the household.

Columns 5 to 7: Population

146. You should count the number of males (Code 1) from Column 4 of Form B Part 2 and record the number in Column 5 of this Form. Count the number of females (Code 2) from Column 4 of Form B Part 2 and record the number in Column 6 of this Form. Add Columns 5 and 6 and record the number of persons in Column 7. Check whether this tallies with the last serial number in Column 1 of Form B Part 2. Do not copy the population figures from the House list Summary. What we are interested in here is the Census population and not the House list population.

Column 8: Type of Household/Population

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147. For each household you have to indicate in this Column its type. Record Code 1 for Normal or Regular household, 2 for Institutional Household, 3 for Homeless Household, 4 for Boat Population and 5 for Transient Population.

Column 9: Remarks

148. In the Remarks Column you may record any useful information based on your observation.

Documents to be handed over to Supervisor

149. At the end of enumeration, you have to give an account of questionnaires received in Census Form 3 given in Appendix VIII. You have to get a Certificate in Census Form 4 from the Village Chief concerned (Appendix IX) that you have completely covered all households during enumeration. After you have carefully checked the entries and the totals in the questionnaires and summary statements as mentioned in this manual, you have to return the following materials placed in folders to your supervisor and obtain acknowledgement:

150. If you follow the instructions contained in this manual carefully you should feel proud to have accomplished a national task well. In Appendix X, you will find some specimen entries of Form A House list, Form B Household Questionnaire, Census Form 1: House list Summary, Census Form 2: Enumerator's Summary and Census Form 3: Account for Questionnaires Received.

[P. 63-92 of the original document are not presented here.]
[Appendices I - X are omitted here.]