Kingdom of Cambodia
Nation Religion King

Ministry of Planning
National Institute Of Statistics
Phnom Penh, Cambodia Funded by
United Nations Population Fund November 2003

Chapter-1
Introduction

As a survey enumerator, you are performing a duty, which is of great national importance. While you are privileged to be a survey enumerator, you have a big responsibility as well. You have to fulfil it with a sense of pride and devotion to duty. Please read this instruction manual thoroughly which will help in discharging your duties satisfactorily.
This chapter gives the background and objectives of the Cambodia Inter-censal Population Survey, 2004 (CIPS 2004). It also explains the various uses of survey data and some facts about the survey undertaking.

1. The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey
A survey of population refers to the process of collecting, compiling, evaluating, analyzing and publishing data about the population of a country. It involves listing of persons and recording the characteristics of every one of them as at a specified time. When the information thus collected in the survey are compiled and analyzed we get to know about the size and distribution of the population by estimation as well as its demographic, social, economic and cultural characteristics. These are very essential for making suitable plans and programs for national and local development.
1.1 In February-March 2004, the demographic survey of population called the Cambodia Inter-censal Population Survey will be conducted on a sample basis with a frame including all parts of the country including remote and far flung areas. It will collect basic demographic, economic, social and cultural information of each individual as well as some information on buildings occupied by households and housing conditions and facilities available to households and some health information.

2. Objectives of the 2004 survey
The Cambodia Inter-Censal Population Survey, 2004 will be conducted with the following objectives.
(i). To strengthen the capacity of the staff of NIS and the provincial and district staff in demographic data collection.
(ii). To provide information to government and data users on population and household characteristics such as household size, age sex, marital status, literacy and educational characteristics, economic characteristics, housing and household amenities, fertility, mortality and migration. This should be useful to the government to evaluate its second part of Second Socioeconomic Development Plan 2001- 2005 (SEDPII), to NIS in improving data availability and accessibility and in utilization of data until the 2008 census information is made available.

3. Uses of survey data
The survey data are required not only for administration but for also for economic and development planning. The ultimate aim of such planning is to provide a better way of life for the people of Cambodia. This will include reduction of poverty, increasing employment opportunities, improving the educational levels of the population and providing health for all.
3.1 Planning for education obviously requires a knowledge of the number of children of school age who are likely to require schooling at various levels. The Government cannot know where to build the necessary schools or how many school teachers must be trained unless it knows where the need is great in terms of the number of children who should be going to school.
3.2 The Government wishes to improve and extend the medical services of the country so as to eliminate diseases and to reduce the number of children dying in infancy and early childhood. But if medical services are to be planned properly, the Government must know the number of people involved the number of children being born and the rate at which they are dying.
3.3 For providing these services, it is not enough just to know how many people there are at the time of the survey because figures of this kind get out-of-date very quickly, We must know also how fast the population is increasing, so that the Government could know how many people there will be, not only this year but also next year, in five years, in ten years' time etc. We therefore obtain information not only of people now living, but also of the number of children being born and the number of children who have died.
3.4 For planning for proper housing and to improve amenities like electric supply, drinking water, sewerage etc. the survey data will provide guidelines to the planners and administrators. Survey data will also be useful in several ways in trade, commerce, and industry and population research.

4. Survey date and reference time
March 3, 2004 has been designated as the survey day. The reference time for the 2004 survey is midnight (00 hours) of March 3, 2004. This means that the 2004 survey is expected to provide the estimated population of Cambodia as at midnight of March 3, 2004.
4.1 The preliminary work of house-listing (i.e. listing of buildings and households) will, however, commence on February 28, 2004. Following is the calendar of the 2004 survey Operations:
Date [Name of operation]

5. Authority for the 2004 survey
The CIPS 2004 is conducted under the authority of the Royal Decree (Kret) No. JS/RKT/02-96/08 data February 29, 1996 on the organization of the General Population Census of Cambodia. The Survey Officers are expected to perform their duty diligently and keep the information collected at the survey confidential. The respondents are also expected to cooperate with the enumerators

6. Field organization of the survey
The CIPS 2004 is conducted under the overall control of H.E Director General of National Institute of statistics who has the responsibility for instructing, deciding and endorsing all general items of work related to the survey. During the conduct of the survey, the population census office of the NIS under the Director General of Survey will be the central unit that will serve as the monitoring and communication and action center for the survey.
6.1 The Province Director of Planning will act as the provincial survey supervisor for his/her province and will be responsible for the operations in the province. In technical matters he/she will be assisted by an officer from NIS District, Commune and village officers will also provide general assistance during the survey.
6.2 Enumerators will be drawn from District planning offices / provincial planning offices at the rate of one enumerator for one EA in one village or PSU. Generally one supervisor will be appointed to closely supervise the work of three enumerators. Outside the NIS, special bodies will be created to make possible the much needed inter-agency co-operation and involvement in conducting the survey successfully. Figure 1 shows the organizational structure of the 2004 survey.
[Figure omitted: 2004 Cambodia Intercensal Population Survey Organization Chart]

7. The 2004 survey schedules
The 2004 survey will gather information through two schedules Form A: House list and Form B: Household Questionnaire. (See Appendix I and II) Form A: House list to be canvassed during the preliminary round (February 27 to March 2, 2004) will be used to collect the following information in respect of buildings which have households in them: Building / Structure number, predominant construction material of wall, roof and floor of building, whether building is wholly or partly residential, household number, and name and sex of head of household and number of persons usually living in the household.
7.1 Form B: Household Questionnaire has five parts:- Parts 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This will be used for survey enumeration during March 3 to 6, 2004 in selected households. In Part 1, information on usual members of selected household present on Survey Night (March 3, 2004), visitors present on Survey Night and usual members absent on Survey Night will be collected. This survey covers only normal or regular household and not institutional or homeless household.
7.2 Part 2 of Form B, will be used to collect the following information in respect of each usual member of selected household present and each visitor to household: Full name, relationship to head of household, sex, age, natural mother, child aged 0-14 living with own mother, marital status, age at first marriage mother tongue, religion, birth place, previous residence, duration of stay, reason for migration, literacy, full time education and economic characteristics.
7.3 In Part 3 of Form B, fertility information of females aged 15 and over and child registration information for the child born to these females in the household will be collected. In Part 4 of Form B, following information will be collected on housing conditions and facilities: basis of occupation of the dwelling by household (like owner occupied or rented), main source of light available for the household, main cooking fuel used by household, whether toilet facility is available within premises with the type of these facilities, main source of drinking water supply for the household and number of living rooms occupied by household.
7.4 In Part 5 of form B, total number of deaths in the selected household in the last one year, if any, name of deceased, sex, relationship to head of household, age at death, the register of death with the civil authority, the cause of death and maternal mortality information will be collected.
7.5 The above information collected will help in knowing the demographic and housing characteristics of the country as a whole. It is, therefore, very necessary that the information is collected as accurately as possible. The Enumerator's work will be closely supervised by a Supervisor and other supervising officers.

8. Enumerator's kit
The enumerator's kit will contain the following:- 1. Form A Houselist (Nos. 8); 2. Form B Household Questionnaire (Nos. 35); 3. Enumerator's Manual (1); 4. Conversion Table for Age; 5
Chalk piece (5); 6. Form 1 Houselist Summary (2); 7.Form 2 Enumerator's Summary (5); 8. Call
Back Card (5); 9. Note Book (1); 10. Pencil (2); 11. Eraser (1); 12. Sharpener (1); 13. Ball point pen (1); 14. Training Form A (2); 15. Training Form B (4); 16. Commune Map/Village Map/EA Maps (1); 17. Blank EA Map Form (2); 18. White Paper (5); 19. Form 4 Certificate of Village Chief, 20. Bag (1). Please satisfy yourself that you have all the items as mentioned above in the kit.
Wherever the word building is used hereinafter it refers to a building or a structure (Building / Structure).

Chapter-2
Filling-in of Form A: House List

9. The House List
Form A House List will be filled in as a preliminary operation for about four days preceding the Survey Night. Before the survey enumeration is taken up, it is essential to locate and identify all places which are occupied or used or which are likely to be occupied or used by people. The house- listing operations are mainly meant for this purpose and house-listing is a primary but important step in the survey. The house list will help identify households first before the enumeration is done. It will also provide preliminary information on the number of persons usually living in the household or usual members of the household.
9.1 The house-list which is proposed to be filled during the house-listing operations is given at the end of this book (Appendix I). It will be noted that the Form is simple. The manner in which the house-list has to be completed and the concepts and their explanation are described in detail in this chapter. It is absolutely essential for you to become thoroughly familiar with these instructions since this job of house-listing is an extremely important one. Apart from listing of houses you will also be collecting some useful data on housing which are required for planning purposes. The success of the house-listing operations is very much dependent on a thorough understanding of the concepts, definitions and instruction and on a faithful application of these concepts and definitions and your following the instructions in the actual filling of the house-list form. If you have any doubt you should not hesitate to ask your supervisor for clarification.
9.2 The house-listing operations will involve certain basic steps which may be briefly summarized as follows:

9.3 The procedure for updating EA map is first described and after that basic concepts relating to a building and a household are described. This is followed by the actual instructions with regard to filling in the house-list.

10. Updating EA map
You will be told which is the selected EA for the survey in the selected village (PSU) allotted to you. In order to be able to complete the house-list in the EA allotted to you, it would be necessary to locate and identify the buildings and households in that EA. This can be done only if you are thoroughly familiar with the village area assigned to you for these operations. The purpose of the EA map is to help you to understand your jurisdiction or EA. Also, it is only if a EA map is with you that it will be possible for you to allot building numbers in a systematic manner. The first step, therefore, is to update the EA, draw a fresh map and mark the residential and partly residential buildings in the EA.
10.1 The EA map of the selected EA that will be given to you for reference is a sketch map which is not drawn to scale (See Specimen at Appendix (III) for rural and Appendix (IV) for urban i.e. provincial town). It was prepared a more than five years ago, during the 1998 census and therefore, may require updating. An EA may include a village or part of a village (in case of a big village). EAs are delineated or formed in such a way that no building or structure with one or more households is left out. The EA map shows the general topographical details. The topographical details indicated on the EA map include permanent features and landmarks such as the village site, well-known roads, cart tracks, hills, rivers etc., as also railway line, hospitals, schools, pagodas and similar clearly recognizable physical features. You may update the EA map first in consultation with the village chief concerned. Verify whether these recognizable features are found in their proper places in the EA map. You may make the necessary corrections by adding any new feature noticed by you or deleting any non-existing feature. If you find any new residential area not marked, you may indicate the same on the EA map. You should draw a fresh map for the selected EA in the blank form given to you after incorporating any changes or mentioned above.
10.2 The next step is to locate every single building occupied by one or more households in the EA. Such buildings should be marked on the EA map as indicated below:

10.3 When once the location of every building used wholly or partly for residential purposes is demarcated on the EA map it will be a simple matter to decide on numbering the buildings. No hard and fast rule can be laid down as to the direction in which the building numbers should run i.e. left to right or in a clockwise order or north-west to south-east and so on. Much depends on the lay- out. What is expected is that some convenient and intelligible order is followed.

11. Numbering of buildings
The instructions given hereafter will guide you to determine a building for the purpose of house listing. A building is a readily distinguishable structure or group of structures which is taken as the unit for building numbering. The objective is to ultimately number and list out all physical units of constructions which are used for residential purposes, either wholly or partly.
11.1 Building: A building is generally a single structure on the ground. It is covered by a roof and usually enclosed within external walls or with common dividing walls with adjacent buildings. In some areas the very nature of construction of houses is such that there may not be any wall. For example a conical roof almost touches the ground and an entrance is also provided and there will not be any wall as such. Such structures should be treated as buildings. Sometime a building is made up of more than one component unit which are used or likely to be used as dwellings (residences) or as establishments such as shops, business houses, offices, factories, workshops, work sheds, schools, places of entertainment and places of worship or as godowns, stores, animal sheds, etc. It is also possible that buildings which have component units may be used for a combination of purposes such as shop-cum-residence, workshop-cum-residence, office-cum- residence, etc.
11.2 Sometimes a series of different buildings may be found along the street which are joined with one another by common walls on either side looking like a continuous structure. These different units are practically independent of one another and likely to have been built at different time and owned by different persons. In such cases though the whole structure with all the adjoining units apparently appears to be one building, each portion should be treated as a separate building and given separate numbers. On the other hand, you may come across cases, particularly in Phnom Penh, of multistoried flats. In these cases while the structure looks like one building, the flats are occupied by different persons. In case of such multistoried structures, having a number of flats occupied by different persons, the entire structure should be treated as one building and each household in that building should be identified and enumerated.
11.3 If there is more than one structure within an enclosed or open compound (premises) belonging to the same person, e.g. the main house, animal shed, sitting place, garage etc., only one building number should be given for this unit
11.4 The buildings should be numbered in a systematic manner as follows:

11.5 In some cases, the pattern of habitation may be such that a group of huts located in a compound, whether enclosed or not enclosed is occupied by one household. While the main residence may be located in one hut, other huts may be used for sleeping or as kitchen, bathroom, etc. Though each of the huts is a separate structure, they form a single housing unit and therefore, have to be treated collectively as a single building /structure for the purpose of the survey. If some of the huts are used by one household and the other by a second household as residence, then the two groups of huts should be treated as two separate building units. You may also find people living in floating houses or boats near the bank of river which are fixed and do not move from place to place like boats. These floating houses may be treated as building /structures and numbered along with other buildings in the EA concerned. Some boats may be numbered as B120, B121 etc. Some people may be living in caves, big steel containers or un-serviceable buses which are fixed to the ground. These may be also considered as building /structures of the EA concerned and numbered.

12. Household
A household is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. There may be a household of persons related by blood or a household of unrelated persons or having a mix of both. Examples of unrelated households are boarding houses, hostels, residential hotels, rescue homes, jails, pagodas, etc. These are called "Institutional Household". There may be one-member households, two-member households or multi-member households. For 2004 Survey purposes only the normal households living in buildings/structures/boats fixed at bank of a river are included. All Institutional Households and homeless households are excluded.
12.1 If a group of persons who are unrelated to each other live in a building /structure, but do not have their meals from a common kitchen, then they would not constitute an Institutional household. Each such person should be treated as a separate normal household. The important link in finding out whether there is a household or not, is the existence of a common kitchen.
12.2 Each household in a building will be allotted numbers like 01, 02 etc., and will be listed according to the instructions that follow. As each household will be related to the physical structure of a building, the household number as such may not be painted (or marked on a sticker) on the door of each building. In case there are several households in a building (e.g. flats) household numbers may be painted on the door (or marked on a sticker) for easy identification.

13. Marking building numbers on EA map
The numbers allotted to each building and the number of households contained in each building should be marked on the EA map as shown below:
[Example figure omitted]
13.1 With the help of arrow marks at convenient intervals, the direction in which the building numbers run should be indicated.
13.2 Specimen updated EA map after building numbering may be seen at Appendix (V) for rural and Appendix (VI) for urban (i.e. provincial town)

14. House-listing
After numbering of building and marking on EA map, the next step is to list the buildings and households in a prescribed schedule, namely the House list. At the survey this form called Form A: House list (see Appendix I), will be canvassed by you in the first stage.
14.1 You have to visit every building in your EA and make sure to list buildings that have households or persons living in them. You have to be careful in the case of office and business building as watchman or some members of staff may use them as premises. You must include such buildings used for both residential and non-residential purpose in the list vacant buildings need not be numbered, buildings under construction where no household living would not be numbered. Do not number a building occupied by an Institutional Household, pagoda or an establishment without any household.
14.2 The instructions given below will guide you in filling-in the house list:
On the top the house list form , provision is made to note the name of Khet/Krong with Code No.; name of Srok/Khand with Code No.; name of Khum/Sangkat with Code No.; name of Phum/Mondol with Code No.; Sample Enumeration Area No and its number of household. Alternate names of administrative units like Khet/Krong, Srok/Khand are given for convenience. The names of the unit not applicable may be scored out. For example, if your EA is in Krong and not in Khet score out Khet etc. These entries which will be referred to as "Identification Particular" hereafter, are to be filled in by you very carefully. This is the method by which every village in any Khum/Sangkat in every Srok/Khand and of the Khet/Krong is identified by a combination of numbers. For this purpose every such unit would have been allotted code numbers. Your supervisor would have indicated to you the code numbers. You will have to enter these numbers in the relevant spaces against the names of the various jurisdictional units. It will be advisable to fill-in the Identification Particulars in the blank forms before you commence house listing as it will save time during your rounds.

15. Column 1: Line number.
Every line in the House-list is to be numbered by you serially. The line numbers will be continuous for your EA. For your convenience, serial numbers 1,2,3,4,..., 9, and 0 have already been printed in this column. The last line number may be made 10, by writing 1 before 0 in the first page. In the second page, you can convert number 1 into 11 by writing 1 before 1; number 2 can be made 12 and so on. The last number can be made 20. This procedure can be continued till the end of EA.

16. Column 2: Building / structure number
The number which has been assigned in the EA map and which has been painted (or marked on a sticker) by you on the building containing one or more households, should be entered in this column without the letter S (e.g. 001, 002 ?etc.)

17. Columns 3 to 5: Predominant construction material of building/ structure
This question has been divided into three parts: (a) material of wall; (b) material of roof; and (c) material of floor. For your convenience the description of the predominant construction material has been indicated on the house-list itself under each item, i.e., wall, roof and floor. A numerical code for a group of materials has been indicated. What you should do is to enquire about the materials of construction of building and enter the appropriate code in Columns 3 to 5 for the materials of wall, roof and floor respectively.

18. Column 3: Material of wall
For material of wall, eight codes have been provided which are indicated in the schedule itself. In order to determine the material of wall you have to take into account the material out of which the major portions of the walls of the building are made and then select the appropriate code. The code thus selected should be entered in Column 3. Dash (-) will be entered in the case of a structure with pillars and without walls, since question of wall does not arise in such a case. This can be explained in the Remarks column.
18.1 In case material of wall is other than those listed with codes 1 to 7, write 8 and give the name of material in Column 3 itself or in Remarks column.

19. Column 4: Material of roof
For material of roof of the building, eight codes have been provided. These are indicated in the schedule itself. If two or more kinds of materials are used for roof, the material that is mostly used may be taken as the roof material. After ascertaining the material of the roof you have to give the suitable numerical code in Column 4. In case material of roof is other than listed with Codes 1 to 7, write 8 and give the name of material in Column 4 itself or in Remarks column.

20. Column 5: Material of floor
For material of floor, seven codes have been provided as indicated in the schedule itself. For the material of floor you have again to take the major portion of material out of which the floor of the building is made. For example, if in a building only the drawing room has ceramic tiles floor while all other rooms and corridors have just cement flooring, the material of floor to be recorded here will be "cement", i.e. Code 3. If a building has tiled floor in the bathroom and all other rooms have cement floor the material of floor will again be "cement".
20.1 It is emphasized that while recording the materials of wall, roof and floor, you have only to give the code number in the columns provided for this purpose and not description, except for other (specify).

21. Column 6: Purpose of building / structure
If building is used wholly for residential purpose, give Code 1 in this column. If it is used as a residence as well as a shop, give Code 2. If it is used as a residence and workshop (or a household industry like weaving, pottery etc.), give Code 3. If it is used as a residence and other establishment, give Code 4 and specify that establishment. Examples of Code 4 are residence and school and office, residence and bank, residence and pagoda etc. In these cases write 4. school; 4. office; 4. bank; 4. pagoda, etc.

22. Important
If a building is found wholly vacant, i.e. if nobody is living in it at the time of house-listing, it should not be marked on the EA map and should not be numbered. If residential or partly residential building is found locked because the household members have gone on travel, then it should not be treated as "vacant". In this case, Column 1, 2 and 13 only may be filled-in and other columns may be left blank. The fact that occupants have gone on a travel should be in the "Remarks" column as "Building locked-occupants traveling". If a building is locked because the occupants have gone to market, farm and are likely to return in the day you may contact them using the call back card and fill in all column without treating them as locked.

23. Column 7: Household No.
As already defined, a "household" is a group of persons who commonly live together and would take their meals from a common kitchen unless the exigencies of work prevented any of them from doing so. It may be made up of related or un-related persons or of mixed type. A cook or a servant living in the house of his employer and taking his food there, is part of that household. A hostel where a number of unrelated persons live together is an institutional household provided it has a common kitchen. So also is a jail. As already mentioned institutional household is not included in the survey.
23.1 There should be a household number in Column 7 since you have noted in column 6 that the building is wholly or partly residential.
23.2 There may be more than one household in a building as already pointed out. Each household in one building should be given a separate number (01,02, etc.). You will get an idea of the numbering of the buildings and households located in them from the following:
[Example figure omitted.]
If a building contains more than one household, the building number should not be repeated in Column 2 on the subsequent lines (please see example above). Also, the predominant construction materials of building (Columns 3 to 5) and purpose of building (Column 6) need not be filled-in on subsequent lines once these particulars have been entered against the first household of the building.

24. Column 8 and 9: Particulars of head of household
Column 8 and 9 are required to be filled in, only in respect of the head of household. You have to write the name and sex of the head of household.

25. Definition of head of household
The head of household for survey purposes is a person who is recognized as such in the household. He or she is generally the person who bears the chief responsibility for the management of the household and takes decisions on behalf of the household. The head of the household need not necessarily be the eldest male member, but may be a female member of a younger member of either sex. You need not enter into any long argument about it but record the name of the person who is recognized by the household as its head. In the case of an absentee de jure "Head", the person on whom the responsibility of the managing the affairs of the household falls at the time of house-listing, should be regarded as the Head.

26. Column 8: Name
The name of the head of each household should be written in this column.

27. Column 9: Sex (1: Male, 2: Female)
If the head of the household is a male write 1. If female, write 2 in this column. For eunuchs and hermaphrodites, you have to write 1 in the column.

28. Column 10 to 12: Number of persons usually living in the household
Enter the number of males usually residing in the household in column 10, number of females in column 11 and total number of persona in Column 12 (total of Columns 10 and 11). Please note that the purpose of ascertaining these figures is to have a preliminary idea of the usual residents in the household. Casual visitors should be excluded as they will be considered at their respective places of normal residence. Persons like household helper, visitor or guest living and having their meals with the family are also considered as usual members of the household if they have been living with the household for six months or more, or if they have no other place of residence. Usual residents absent for six months or more should be excluded from the household in which they usually reside.
28.1 After entering the figures in these three columns, you must arithmetically check whether number of males in Column 10 plus number of females in Column 11 is equal to persons in Column 12.

29. Column 13: Remarks
This will provide space for any useful information about the building, or household. As already mentioned in the Instructions for filling in Column 8, write "Household living in boat or B" in case of such household. If the building is vacant, write vacant here as already mentioned. If the building is locked and the occupants have traveled, you may record this in the Remarks column as already stated. This space may be also suitably used to explain Code 8 in Columns 3 and 4 or Code 7 in Column 5, if necessary.

30. Column 14: Serial number of household
This column should be filled by the supervisor. Therefore this column should be left out by the enumerator. The column number of households in the EA at the top should be filled in at the end of houselisting after adding the total number of households given at each page under column 7.

31. General
Each page of the house-list of the EA should be numbered continuously as 1, 2, 3, etc. The page number should be given in the place allotted on the right hand top corner of the house-list. On every pages of the house-list for EA, the total number of pages used for EA should be given in the space provided on right hand top corner.
31.1 The total number of households in Column 7 of the house-list should be counted and written in the box for total under this column in each page. The figures of males, females and persons in Columns 10, 11 and 12 may be totaled and given for each page. In a separate sheet called House list Summary (Form 1), specimen of which is given in Appendix VII you have to copy totals of each of these columns from each page and strike the grand totals for EA.
31.2 It is important to check whether the figures entered in the House list Summary are arithmetically correct. The sum of number of males in Column 3 and the number of females in Column 4 should be equal to the number of persons in Column 5. This should be checked for every line and total line of House list Summary.
31.3 The enumerator should write his/her name and sign all the pages of the house list and also record the date in the space provided.

Chapter -- 3
Filling-in of Form B Household Questionnaire

32. General
Form B Household Questionnaire will be canvassed in 30 selected households in your EA. The supervisor will select the household from Form A the house-list according to the instruction. The supervisor should tick mark in column 14 all the 30 selected households. You should interview and fill in the Form B only the selected households. You must take Form A along with you and identify each selected household and do the enumeration in Form B. Under no circumstances the selected household should be replaced or substituted by another household.

33. Reference time is midnight of March 3, 2004
The reference time for the 2004 Survey is Midnight of Wednesday, March 3, 2004. This means that the 2004 Survey is expected to provide a snap shot of the population in the households in the EA as it exists at midnight of March 3, 2004 or 00 hours of March 3, 2004. In other words, the population count relates to this reference time. As you will agree, it is not possible to ascertain the particulars of every individual at this fixed point of time. Therefore, the enumeration is spread over four days beginning on March 3, 2004 and ending on March 6, 2004. During these days, information is collected of persons present in households at midnight of March 3, 2004 (called Survey Night). Hence the entire enumeration relates to this reference time. Note that only persons alive in household at midnight (or 00 hours) of this day should be enumerated and that all questions you ask must relate to Survey Night unless you have specific instructions otherwise in this manual (e.g. questions on economic characteristics). Please also note that for House-listing no such reference time is fixed since it is only a general preliminary inquiry. But for the Survey (when Form B Household Questionnaire will be canvassed), a reference time is fixed, since survey is expected to provide the population figures as at that time.

34. Important note
Form B will be filled-in for all selected normal households in your EA. Form A will help you in identifying each normal household.
34.1 It is possible that between Survey Night and the time of enumeration the composition of population in some households may have changed. If somebody had died after Survey Night, include him or her in the count as that person was living in that household on Survey Night. If a baby was born after Survey Night, you should not enumerate the baby who did not exist at midnight of March 3, 2004. Visitors are enumerated in normal or regular household only if they spent Survey Night in that household.

35. Specimen form of questionnaire
Specimen of Form B household Questionnaire is given as Appendix II. This form should be used to enumerate individuals in selected households in your EA. This will be done in a second round starting from March 3, 2004.The selected household which will be recorded, will tell you.

Instructions for filling-in Form B Household Questionnaire Part I: Identification and Population Particulars

36. Identification Particulars
Fill in name and code of Khet/Krong, Srok/Khand, Khum/Sangkat and Phum/Mondol, and Sample EA Number as you have already done for Form A House-list. Copy from Form A, the Building No. and Household No. and serial number of selected household on the top of the form. It will be advisable to fill-in the Identification Particulars Building No., Household No. and Name of Head of Household and serial number of selected household, in the blank forms before your commence enumeration as it will save time during your rounds.

37. What to do when two or more questionnaire are used for a household?
There is a provision on each questionnaire to enumerate 10 persons. If you have to enumerate more than 10 persons in a household, continue enumeration on a new questionnaire. This new questionnaire is in continuation of the first one and must be treated as such. Remember that whenever you use more than one questionnaire for any household, you must write Household No. (Continued) on the right hand top of second and subsequent questionnaire. You should fill in Identification Particulars in continuation questionnaire also. You should write in the square provided at left hand bottom of the first page (Part 1) of the first questionnaire, the total number of the questionnaires used for the household. You must clip or pin together all questionnaires of the household concerned.
37.1 Serial numbers are printed in Column 1 of Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 of Part 1 and Column 1 of Part 2, like 1, 2, 3 ? 0. The last serial number in the first page may be made 10 by writing 1 before 0 for the tenth person. In the next continuation questionnaire, you may continue numbering by putting the digit 1 before the numbers already printed on the second questionnaire to form 11, 12, 13 etc., and for the last one you have to put 2 before 0 to make it 20. When you use a third questionnaire (may be rarely), you should put 2 before the existing numbers to form 21, 22, 23... and so on.

38. Name of head of household
Head of Household has already been defined. You may find his/her name against Household No. concerned in column 8 of form A: House list. You should record that here. If there is a change in the name of head household between house-listing and now, record the new name.

39. Serial number of selected household
Copy the serial number of selected household from column 14 of Form A house-list.

40. Filling in of Statements 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3
For filling in these statements, please carefully read the following instructions: Usual member may be divided into two categories: (i) those who slept in the house occupied by the household on Survey Night i.e. those who were present on Survey Night and (ii) those who were away and so were absent on Survey Night. Please note that persons on night duty (e.g. doctors, nurses, policeman, watchmen, prison wardens etc.) who would have normally slept in the house but for doing on night duty should be treated as usual members present in household on Survey Night.
40.1 Visitors (i.e. guests of any member of household) who slept in the house on Survey Night are called visitors to household present on Survey Night.
40.2 In Statements 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 of Form B Part 1, you have to fill in some particulars of usual members of household present on Survey Night, visitors to household present on Survey Night and usual members of household absent on Survey Night respectively.

41. Important note
You use the number of persons usually living in the household recorded in Columns 10, 11 and 12 of the House-list for guidance. But please remember that those figures related to all usual members of the household in general. Now you have to contact the head of the household or any responsible member of the household and obtain information on usual members and visitors present on survey night for filling in the schedule as per instructions contained in the following pages. You should arrange the timing of your visit to households in your EA in such a way that you would able to meet the head of household or any responsible member of each household. Sometimes you may find that all the members of a household had gone out for a few hours for shopping, work, study etc. leaving the building locked. In such cases you should leave a message for the household concerned that you will again visit the household for survey enumeration (giving time and date) and requesting them to be present at that time. For this purpose you may use Call Back Cards (Appendix VIII).

42. Statement 1.1 Usual members present on survey night
In this statement you should list out all usual members of household present on Survey Night.
You should write down first the name of the head of household (refer definition given earlier in paragraph 41 Chapter 2). If the head of household was absent during the reference night, find out who was responsible for the household in the absence of the head of the household and record his or her name, provided this person slept in the household on Survey Night.
42.1 In entering the names in statement 1.1 it would be better if some system is followed. After entering the name and other particulars of the head of household, you should cover the near relations such as wife or husband of the head of the household, sons and daughters, each son's wife and children, each daughter's husband and children, then other relations such as brothers, sisters, mother, father, etc., of the head of the household, then domestic servants, if any etc. Such a system of listing and entering of particulars will ensure that omissions are avoided, particularly of small children. It will also help in crosschecking replies regarding age.
42.2 A word of caution: You should ask probing questions regarding relations such as unmarried sisters, parents, domestic servants, and children. Otherwise the head of the household may not indicate that there are such persons as usual members of the household present on the Survey Night. Please make repeated enquiries about infants and very young children because they are often liable to be out of the count.

43. Column 1: Serial number
Serial Number has to be given for each person using the numbers already printed.

44. Column 2: Full name
This question hardly calls for any explanation. The names of persons starting with the head of the household should be entered here. The names you put down should be such that if a second visit is made to the house during or after the final enumeration, the persons to whom the names refer can be easily identified.
Babies who have not been named
44.1 Occasionally you will come across babies who were born before Survey Night but who haven't been named by the time you call to enumerate. In such cases write down "Baby" before the family name. For example, if the newly born baby's father 's name is Savongz you should put down Baby Savongz.
Persons with identical names
44.2 You may also come across households where two or more persons are known by same family name (e.g. Meas). In such cases you must record also the name by which they are distinguished in the household and by neighbors and friends (e.g. Meas Savongz and Meas Savuth).

45. Column 3: Relationship to head of household
In this column you will have to record the relationship to head of household in full. The person to be recorded is the head of household. In the cases of the head write "head". For others write the full relationship. Do not use words like "nephew" "niece", "uncle" or "aunt", but state whether brother's or sister's son or daughter (for nephew or niece) or father's or mother's brother (for uncle), or father's or mother's sister (for aunt). Son or daughter will include adopted son or adopted daughter or step son / daughter. For brother in-law, write wife's brother or sister's husband as the case may be. For grandson, write son's son or daughter's son as the case may be. In the case of boarders or domestic servants / cooks, etc., who are enumerated as members of the household though unrelated, write boarder or domestic servant / cooks as the case may be.

46. Column 4: Sex
Record the code 1 for male and 2 for female. It is important to ask the sex of the persons when information is being given to you by a third person. Bear in mind that some names can be misleading in this respect. For example, Vichet or Socheat can be used for a male as well as a female. For eunuchs and hermaphrodites write 1.

47. Statement 1.2: Visitors present on survey night
You have to record in statement 1.2 of form B Part 1, the full name relationship to head of household and sex of every visitor who was present in the household on Survey Night. Follow the instructions mentioned above for filling Column 1 to 4. You are also required to write in Column 5 to 6, the usual residence of the visitor. If the usual residence of the visitor is within Cambodia write the name of district to which that place belongs with name of province within brackets in Column 5 and put a dash (-) in Column 6. If the visitor usually resides in another country put a dash (-) in Column 5 and write the name of that country in Column 6. If no visitor was present in the household on Survey Night, score out neatly Statement 1.2.

48. Statement 1.3: Usual members absent on survey night
The entries in statement 1.3 are restricted to usual members of the household who were absent from the house on survey night. Note that only five lines have been provided in this column. If there are more than five persons to be entered here, you must use a continuation questionnaire and suitably enter the serial numbers.
48.1 In statement 1.3 you should, in addition to full name, relationship to head of household and sex, record age, location on survey night and duration of absence of very usual members of the household who was absent on Survey Night. For filling in the name, sex and relationship to head or temporary head, follow the instructions mentioned above. For filling the age, follow the instructions given for filling Column 5: Age, of form B Household Questionnaire Part 2: Individual Particulars.
48.2 The "Location on Survey Night" (Column 6 or 7) refers to the place where the absentee usual member spent survey night. If the location or place where absentee usual members of the household was residing on survey night was within Cambodia give name of the district to which that place belongs with name of province within brackets in Column 6. If it is another country, write only the name of the country in Column 7. If these details are not known, write "Not Known" under Column 6 or 7.
48.3 In Column 8 you are expected to write in completed month how long he/she was absent up to Survey Night. For example, if the person has been away for two months three weeks, write 2 in the space provided. If he/she was absent for less than one month, write down 0.
48.4 If the usual head of household was absent on Survey night his or her name should be entered on the first line in statement 1.3. Remember, however, to indicate in the relationship column the relation of the person to the temporary head entered in statement 1.1. Thus, you should never enter Head in relationship column in statement 1.3, but specify whether this absent person is the husband, father, brother, mother, etc., of the temporary head. If no usual member of household was absent on Survey Night, score out neatly Statement 1.3.

49. Total numbers of persons in statement 1.1 and 1.2
On the right-hand side of statement 1.3, are boxes in which you should put down the total number of persons (male plus female) in Statement 1.1 and 1.2. If there is no entry in Statement 1.2, record "0" in the box for "Total Number of persons in Statement 1.2. As regards, total number of persons in Statement 1.3, you need not do anything. It will be done later in office.

50. Total of statement 1.1 and statement 1.2
One box has been provided for recording the total number of person in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2. You are expected to add the number of persons in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 and put the total in the box concerned.
50.1 If you use more than one questionnaire for a household you should add up the number of persons listed under Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 on each questionnaire and put the total in the appropriate boxes of the questionnaire for the household. The boxes on the second subsequent questionnaires should be left blank. You have to give your name, signature and date at the appropriate place.

Instructions for filling-in Form B Household Questionnaire Part 2: Individual Particulars

51. The layout of Form B Household Questionnaire Part 2
This part of the questionnaire is divided into columns and rows. There are columns numbered 1,2,3?23. Each column refers specifically to a questionnaire Item which is clearly stated at the head of the column.
51.1 There are ten lines. Each line is reserved for one person. This means that if you are writing down the particulars of one person, you must use one line only starting from the left and moving along the line to the right.
51.2 Remember that you have to fill in part 2 only for usual members and visitors (i.e. persons listed in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2 of Part 1) who were present in the household on Survey Night. Do not include here usual members who were absent on Survey Night (i.e. persons listed in Statement 1.3 of Part 1).

52. Instructions for filing-in Column 1 to 23 of Form B: Part 2
You have to collect information in part 2 for all persons mentioned in Statement and Statement 1.2 of Part 1. Some of the following questions have been answered in Part 1. Therefore there will be no need to ask these questions again. In such cases all you have to do is to copy the information in the appropriate columns.

53. Column 1: Serial No.
Serial number has to be given for each line (i.e. for each person in the household starting from the head of household).
For your convenience the serial numbers have been printed in this column which you may use suitably. Please see that the last serial number given is equal to the total number of persons in Statement 1.1 and 1.2 given in the thick square at right hand bottom on the first page (Part 1).

54. Columns 2 to 4:
The information in these columns should be first entered from Statement 1.1 and of Part 1 before proceeding further to fill in other columns for each person.

55. Column 2: Full name
Write in space provided the names of all respondents in the household (as in Statement 1.1 and Statement 1.2). First, names in Statement 1.1 in that order may be copied. This may be followed by names in Statement 1.2 in that order.

56. Column 3: Relationship
Based on the information already collected in Column 3 of Statement1.1 and give code for relationship to head of household, for each person. Codes for relationship are provided on the questionnaire itself below column 3. Read the relationship and select the proper Code. Note that Code 1 is for head of household. Always head of household will be the first person enumerated in the household. Code 2 should be given to wife of male head of household or to husband of female head of household. Code 3 should be given to son or daughter of head of household. Code 4 should be given to stepchild. Code 5 should be given adopted/foster child. Code 6 should be given to father or mother of head household. Code 7 should be given to sibling or brother and sister of the head of household. Code 8 should be given to grandson or granddaughter of head of household. Code 9 should be given to niece/nephew or daughter/son of brother/sister of head of household. Code 10 should be given to son/daughter-in-law. Code 11 should be given brother/sister-in-law meaning brother/sister of wife/husband of head of household. Code 12 should be give to father/mother-in-law or father/mother of wife/husband of head of household. All other relatives of head of household not mentioned above should be given Code 13. You should take sufficient care to avoid wrong coding of relationship to head of household. For example, sister's son should not be coded as son (code 3) because the word son is there. The correct Code in this case is 9.The servant should be given code 14. Non-relatives of household including boarder should be given Code 15.

57. Column 4: Sex
This column may be filled in by copying the information from Column 4 of Statement 1.1 and 1.2 for the persons concerned.

58. Column 5: Age
The age of every person must be stated in completed years only, as on March 3, 2004. For those who know their birthdays, the age to be recorded is the age as at last birthday. "Age in completed years only" means that all the ages must be recorded in full years discarding fractions of years and months.
58.1 For instance, 15 years 11 months should be written down as 15. Do not write down months. Only years are required.
The age of all infants who are less than one year old should be recorded as "00". In this connection you are requested to make sure that infants of the household even if one day or less than one day old as on Survey Night are invariably enumerated. It is again pointed out that you should take all precautions to enumerate children (less than age 14) and infants (less than 1 year). Unless you ask probing questions they are likely to be omitted. This is a very important instruction that you should bear in mind always.
58.2 What to do when a person does not know his/her age?
For such a person use any of the following methods to estimate his/her age:

59. Column 6: Mother: Is you mother (i.e. natural mother) alive
The question is to be asked for knowing whether the person's mother is living at all. If the mother is alive anywhere you should give code 1. In case mother had died you should give code 2. In case the respondent cannot know whether his mother is alive due to separation from her at the time of war or political disturbance, you should give code 3. If you record code 1 for a person you should proceed to fill in column 7, if the person is aged 0-14. If that person is aged 15+ skip to column 8. If you record code 2 or code 3 for person skip to column 8.

60. Column 7: Whether living with own mother
For children aged 0-14, with code 1 in column 6, the question is to be asked if they have their own mother in this household. It mother living in the same household you should write the serial number (see column 1) of the mother in this column. For example the wife of head of household is the natural mother of these children aged 0-14, you should record her serial number of that in this column. It mother is not living in the same household, record "0" in this column.

61. Column 8: Marital status
Codes are provided in the column heading itself. You have to ask this delicate question carefully and record appropriate code numbers according to the answers given. Record Code 1 for Never Married i.e. for those who have never entered into any form of marital union. Record Code 2 for Married, 3 for widowed, 4 for divorced and 5 for separated.
61.1 The category "Married" will include those persons who are contractually married but not yet living as a man and wife. Even if a marriage is disputed in the neighborhood write Code 2 if the person concerned says he or she is married and is in stable de facto union. The category separated will include both legal and de facto separations. Persons who were widowed or divorced but have remarried must be recorded as married.

62. Column 9: Age at first marriage
This question should be asked for other than never married persons. Age at first marriage of a person in completed years is the age at the time the person got married for the first time of his/her lifetime. This question should be asked only if the marital status of the person is "married or widowed or divorced or separated ". For person never married, put dash (-) in this column.

63. Column 10: Mother tongue
63. Mother tongue of a person is the language spoken in childhood by the person's mother to the person. If the mother died in infancy, the language mainly spoken in the person's home in childhood will be the mother tongue. In case of infants and deaf mutes, the language usually spoken by the mother should be recorded. In case of doubts, the language mainly spoken in the household may be recorded.
63.1 You have to use the following codes for recording answer to this question:
Mother Tongue and Codes

63.2 Please note in this connection, the instructions given below:-You should tell the respondent that the information required here is mother tongue and not any other language spoken. It should also be made clear that is information is required purely for statistical purposes only.

64. Column 11: Religion
Record the appropriate code number for the religion to which the respondent say she belongs. There is no need to verify this. You must accept whatever answer is given. For those claiming to belong to religions that fall under other categories, record Code 4 and specify the reported religion. E.g. 4 Hindu.
For a person who says that he/she has no religion, enter 4 "no religion".

65. Column 12: Birth place
If a person reports to have been born in this village (i.e. village of enumeration), record Code 1 in the blank space (not in shaded boxes which are reserved for coding in office). Persons reporting to have been born in this village are those born in the same village in which you are conducting your enumeration. The birth place of the person is the place of usual residence of the person's mother at the time of birth. For example, for a person born in (a) hospital or maternity home outside the usual place of residence of the mother or (b) mother's village or (c) some other place where the mother had gone for a short visit, the birth place of this person will be the place in which the mother normally lives and not the place of the hospital, the mother's village or place of visit. If however, the mother's length of stay outside her place of usual residence was one month or more or the mother had the intention of staying in the new place for one month or more the "actual place of physical birth" will be considered as the birthplace of the person in question. For example, suppose Bossadine who normally resides with her husband in Bak Kheng went to Kandal Koh to deliver her child in her mother's house, and returned within 15 days the birthplace of the child will be Bak Kheng and not Kandal Koh.
65.1. If however, Bosadine stays in Kandal Koh for one month or more, then the Birth place of her child will be Kandal Koh and not Bak Kheng.
65.2 For those persons reporting to have been born outside the village in which you are conducting your enumeration, record the district in which the village of birth falls and also write name of province of that district within brackets. For those born outside Cambodia write name of the country of birth.

66. Column 13: Previous residence
In the blank space (not shaded boxes), record 1 if the respondent lived in the village where enumeration is being conducted continuously since birth (except for shifting to another place outside the village of enumeration for purely temporary stay) and skip to Column 16. If a person was usually residing in another village immediately before he/she came to the present village where he/she is enumerated, the earlier is the person's previous residence. If the person had lived earlier in more than one village, the immediate previous residence of the person is what we are interested in. For example, a person enumerated in village A had lived earlier in village B and before that in village C, his/her previous residence is village B and not village C. Write name of district of previous residence and also write name of province of that district within brackets. If respondent is reported to have resided outside Cambodia, write the name of the country. It is important to note that even if a person was born at the place of enumeration but had shifted subsequently to another village for work or for studies and had come back again to place of enumeration, he/she should be considered as having had another place of residence prior to his/her enumeration here.

67. Column 14: Duration of stay
The question on duration of stay refers to duration of stay in village of enumeration since coming from last previous residence. This question "how long have you lived in this village?" is to be administered only if answer in Column 13 is that the place of last residence was another village in Cambodia or in a country outside Cambodia. In other words, the answer in Column 13 is not Code
1. Duration of stay should be recorded in Column 14 using the codes for column 14 given on the questionnaire itself. If answer in Column 13 is Code 1, skip to column 16.
67.1 If a person is reported to have resided in a village (since coming from last previous residence) for less than 1 year, record 00; if from 1 year to less than 2 years, record 01; if from 2 years to less than 3 years, record 02 and so on. For 98 years and over, record 98 only.

68. Column 15: Reason for migration
"Migration", means moving to the place where you are enumerating from another village (or another country) which was the last previous residence. For persons to whom you have given code other than 1 in Column 13 and for whom you have entered duration of stay code in column 14, you have to record reason for migration by giving one of the codes applicable to the person concerned from the list of codes for Column 15 given below the column. For persons to whom you have given Code 1 in Column 13, put a dash (-) in Column 14. The reasons given are simple and easily understandable. Code 5 (Family Moved) needs an explanation. If a member of a family had to move to the place of enumeration from a previous residence because the entire family moved, this code has to be given. For example, if Ratha migrated because his place of work is transferred give Code 1 for him. For his wife and children who had to also move with him the reason for migration is family moved (5) and not Transfer of work place (1). However, if his wife or son or daughter gives a separate reason for moving to this place like "in search of employment" or "education" you have to assign the appropriate code to him/her. Give Code 8 (Repatriation or Return after displacement) to a person who was repatriated by an official agency or to a person who returned to his/her village after having left earlier due to internal disturbances or political reasons. For any reason of migration other than the first nine listed, give 10 and write down the reason in the column itself. Please note that Code 10 should be given only if the reason for migration is not covered by any of the codes 1 to 9. For instance, if a person had been repatriated, you must give Code 8 in his/her case and not write "10 (repatriated)".

69. Column 16: Literacy
Literacy is the ability to read and write with understanding in any language. A person is a literate when he/she can both read and write a simple message in any language or dialect. A person who cannot both read and write a simple message is considered illiterate. Also to be considered as illiterate is that person who is capable of writing or reading only his/her own name or numbers, as well as persons who can read but not write, or vice versa.
69.1 A person who knows how to read and write but at the time of the survey he/she can no longer read and write due to some physical defects or illness is still considered literate. An example of this is an aged person who knows how to read and write but can no longer perform these activities due to poor eyesight.
69.2 Disabled persons who can read and write through any means such as Braille system for the blind, are considered literate.
69.3 This information should be collected for all persons. Enter 1 for those persons who answer 'Yes' to this question and 2, for those persons who answer 'No'. In case of doubt you may test by asking the person to read or write. By definition, children of the age of the 5 years or less should be treated as illiterate even if the child is going to a school and may have picked up reading and writing a few odd words.

70. Column 17: Full time education
Full-time education refers to education in an educational institution like Primary School, Secondary School, College, etc. This question should be filled-in for all persons.

71. Column 17 (a): Have you ever attended school / educational institution?
71. This applies to both literates and illiterate. The answer to this question may be recorded as follows:

72. Column 17 (b): What is the highest grade completed?
Enter dash (-) in the two sub-Columns in the case of a person who has never attended school/education institution (Code 1 in Column 17(a)). Categories of educational levels have been provided for recording the highest grade completed in the school, college or any other educational institution attended by the respondents. A last category "other (specify)" (Code 22) has been included to cater for other educational categories not mentioned. In general, you may check whether the educational level of a person is consistent with his/her age. For example, a boy or girl of age 8 could not have completed class 11. If any such inconsistency is noted, please make probing questions and ascertain the correct answer. Code 88 should be given to no class completed. Code 00 should be given to Pre-school/kindergarten completed.

73. Column 18 to 23 on economic characteristics of population
These question should be asked all persons irrespective of age. These Columns relate to the economic characteristics of population both male and female. Information is proposed to be collected on economic characteristics of population. Economically active population include those who are employed and unemployed. Economically inactive population includes home makers; full time students; dependents; rent-receivers, retired people and other categories of income recipients; and others who are neither employed nor unemployed and also do not come under any of the inactive categories mentioned. The reference period for this is the last one year.

74. Column 18: Main activity during last year
First we want to know what has been the main activity of the person during the one year preceding the Survey Night. Main Activity means the activity during 6 month (183 days) or more during the last one year (i.e. for the major part of the last year). Codes have been provided on the schedule itself which are to be used while answering this question.
Employed
74.1 The "employed" comprises all persons who were in the following categories for 6 months (183 days) or more during the last one year:-

74.2 Work is defined as any economically productive activity that a person does for pay (in cash or kind, in any establishment, office, market, farm, private house) or for profit; or without pay on family farm or enterprise. Workers (other than those working without pay in a family farm or business) should receive pay or profit in cash or kind for their activity. Unpaid activities which are not contributing to the person's family business such as voluntary social work or voluntary community support are not classified as "work" for the purposes of this Survey. Work may be physical or mental in nature. Work involves not only actual work but also effective supervision and direction of work. It is important to note that it includes unpaid work on farm or family enterprise. You must ask probing questions to ascertain the existence of a job or employment or unpaid work on family farm or enterprise during the last year. Please also do not assume that women are generally home-makers. You have to specifically ask probing questions of women whether they were working. Please also remember that in rural areas where most men are engaged in cultivation, wives and daughters also participate as unpaid family workers in cultivation. Such women should be treated as working instead of treating them as home-makers or housewives since they attend to domestic duty also. You have to be very careful not to make this mistake. Similarly children who work should be regarded as employed.
74.3 What about men or women engaged in production of goods for own consumption?
Please note that the following activities for own consumption are treated as work:

74.4 Activities for own consumption other than the above are not treated as work (e.g. cooking one's own food, washing one's own clothes etc.). If a person is employed but at the same time does also attend to household chores or attend school etc., he/she should be treated basically as employed.
74.5 If you give code 1 for a person after following the above instructions, you have to fill in Columns 18 to 23 which will be described subsequently.
Unemployed
74.6 If a person (man or woman) is not employed you should ask whether he or she was unemployed for six months (or 183 days) or over during the last year. Unemployed refers to those who were without work but were seeking work or available for work.
74.7 Please note that homemakers, students and others mainly engaged in non- economic activities during the reference period who satisfy the above criteria of unemployment should be regarded as unemployed and not as home makers, students etc., If a person returns that he/she is unemployed for the major part of the year according these criteria, you should ask whether the person was employed any time before he/ she became unemployed. If he/she says Yes, you have to record Code 2 for the person in Column 18. On the other hand, if the person says that he/she was unemployed and seeking work for the first time and was never employed any time before you should record Code 3 in Column 18. In the case of unemployed who was employed any time before (Code 2 in Column 18), you have to fill in Columns 18-23 for last employment. In case of Code 3 in Column 18, enter dash (-) in each of the Columns 18 to 23.
Inactive Population
74.8 The employed and unemployed constitute economically active population. Those who are not employed or unemployed spend most of their time as homemakers, students etc. which are not considered as economically active and hence they are called Inactive population. Use the codes given in the schedule for recording the category of people inactive for six months (or 183 days) or more during the last year.
74.9 The inactive categories are explained below:

75. Columns 18 to 23
Information in these Columns should be filled-in only for a person who is employed (Code 1 in Column 18) or unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 18. For unemployed (not employed before) i.e. Code 3 in Column 18 and inactive population i.e. any Code 4 from 4 to 8 in Column 18, no information can be furnished in Column 18 to 23 and hence enter dash (-) in each of these Columns for these persons. Following are the instructions for filling-in Column 18 to 23 for a person for whom Code 1 or 2 is given in Column 18. The information to be filled-in will relate to employment details of the employed person (Code 1 in Column 18). In the case of unemployed (employed before) i.e. Code 2 in Column 18, the information to be filled-in will relate to last employment held by that person.

76. Column 19: Employment period
Give the number of months (rounded off to the nearest month) during which the respondent was employed in the last 12 months. In the case of Code 1 in Column 18, the entry in Column 19 may be 06, 07, 08, 09, 10, 11 or 12 if the person was employed for 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 months respectively during the last 12 months. In the case of Code 2 in Column 18, please note that you have to enter in Column 19, the number of months employed during the last 12 months only. The entry in Column 19 will be 00 if the person was not employed during the last 12 months. The entry will be 01, 02, 03, 04, or 05 if the person was employed for 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 months respectively during the last 12 months.

77. Column 20: Occupation
Occupation refers to the name of the job the person did (e.g. cashier, primary school teacher, nurse, blacksmith, watchman, manager etc.)
77.1 You must write the occupation of a person as clearly and as fully as possible. You should not write only "staff member". Probe further to find out whether he/ she was a clerk, statistician, data entry operator etc. Do not write "Casual Laborer" which is rather vague. Find out whether he/ she was a construction worker, hand-loom weaver etc. If a person says that he/ she has been doing two or three jobs, find out the job he/ she was doing mostly (i.e. most time) and record the same.

78. Column 21: Employment status
Five categories have been provided for Employment Status or Class. When the answer corresponds to one of these, you should record the appropriate code number. Note that you should record only one code for each respondent.

79. Column 22: Nature of industry, trade or service
You have to record here the sector of economy in which a person worked. Examples are: Cultivation, fishing, livestock rearing, selling of vegetables, automobile repairs, manufacture of toys, transport service, school or educational service, sale of clothes (retail), manufacture of eatables etc. If a person works as a sales assistant in a Gas Station his occupation is sales assistant and the nature of his trade is selling petrol (retail). The broad sectors of economy are: (i) Cultivation, fishing, livestock rearing, (ii) Mining or quarrying (iii) Manufacturing, processing, servicing (iv) Repairing (v) Construction (vi) Electricity, gas or water supply (vii) Transport and communication (viii) Trade and Commerce and (ix) Services like domestic service, public service etc. Do not be content with answer like Reaksmey Angkor and Co., Bayon and Co. etc., since from these names alone you cannot record the nature of activity of the Company. Ask probing questions to get information regarding the kind of product (e.g. manufacture of cigarette) or the kind of trade (e.g. Newspaper selling) or the kind of service (e.g. hair dressing) in which the establishment or company is engaged in. If a person is working in a company with several activities, report the nature of the branch of the company in which the person is working. If the person is employed in a Government office or institution, the name of the office, bureau, school, etc., may be given (e.g. Ministry of Planning, Directorate of Agriculture, High court, Phnom Penh High School etc.).

80. Column 23: Sector of employment
In this column you have to record the code for the sector in which respondent's employment falls. Five sectors are listed with their codes on the schedule. If the respondent is a Government servant you have to give Code 1 in this column. If he worked in state-owned enterprise (parastatal), you have to record Code 2 (e.g. electricity supply, water supply). If a respondent was working in a co- operative establishment (e.g., a Co-operative Bank) record Code 3 and all those who were working in private establishments as own account worker will get Code 4. If a person was working in an establishment which does not come under any of the above four categories you have to give Code 5 and indicate the sector of employment (e.g. 5 UNDP).

81. General instructions for filling-in economic questions
It will be useful to discuss with each person questions covering 18 to 23 together and fill in the details. Example:- If you are interviewing a woman who says she is selling vegetable by herself in the market, find out how many months she worked last year. She may say that she worked throughout the year. Now you can record for her as follows: 1 in Columns 18, 12 in Columns 19, "vegetable seller" in Columns 20. 3 in Columns 21, "Retail Vegetable Trade" in Columns 22 and 4 in Columns 23.
81.1 Please note again that if you have given Code 1 in Columns 18 for a person, you have to fill in Columns 18 to 23. If you have recorded Code 2 in Columns 18 for a person you have to fill in columns 18 to 23 for his last employment. If you have recorded any of the code 3 to 8 for a person in Columns 18, you have to put a dash (-) in Columns 18 to 23.

82. Filling-in of Form B Household Questionnaire: Part 3: Fertility Information of Females Aged 15 and over Listed in Columns 2 of Part 2
This part of the questionnaire relates to fertility information. These questions will be asked in the case of female aged 15 and over in the household who have already been enumerated in part 2 of Form B household Questionnaire. Note that fertility information should be collected in column 4 to 6 for all women ages 15 and about in the household irrespective of their age or marital status. In other words, this will include elderly women and women who were never married, widowed, divorced, or separated.

82.1 You have already listed the names of usual member present and visitors present in the household on Survey Night in Column 2 of part 2. You have also collected information about the persons in Column 3 to 23 of part 2 Now you have to first identify from Columns 2,4 and 5 of part 2, all female ages 15 and over in the household. As an indication that you have identified each such female, you should tick mark the serial number of the female concerned in Column 1 of part 2. You have to collect fertility information about these women and record them in Columns 4 to 6 of Form B Part 3 of the questionnaire.
Following are the instructions for filling-in Columns 1 to 6 of Form B Part 3 of the questionnaire

83. Column 1: Serial number
One Line should be used for recording information of one woman. Each line has Sl. No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

84. Column 2: Full name
Copy the name of females aged 15 and more in the household one by one in the same order in which these are recorded in Columns 2 of part 2. This can be done by referring to Full name (Column 2), Sex (Column 4 ) and Age (Column 5) of part 2 . Please do not add any name here which is not already in Column 2 Part 2 as we are collecting fertility information for females aged 15 over in the household only. Please also do not omit to copy the name of woman aged 15 and above just because she is not married or she had no children or she is beyond 50 or 60. You have to copy the names of all aged 15 and above in the household in Part 3 and then provide the necessary fertility information in each case. In other words, even in the case of a woman age 15 and above for whom the question of birth does not apply at all, you have to copy her name in Column 2 and write 00 in Columns 4 to 6.

85. Column 3: Serial Number in Column 1 of Part 2
Please record for each woman, her corresponding Sl. No. in Column 1 of Part 2 which you have identified and tick marked. For example, if the first woman whom you have recorded her has Sl. No. 4 in column 1, Part 2 you have to enter 4 in this Column against her name and so on. As you will appreciate, this will enable easy reference.

86. Column 4, 5, 6: Number of children born.
The questions in these Columns have been designed in such a way as to elicit the vital information we require without embarrassing the respondents. We have to find out the total number of children born to a woman, number of children living and number of children dead among them. Please remember that the nature of responses you will obtain will depend, to a great extent, on how tactfully you put these questions. Great care must be taken to choose words which, while retaining the exact meaning of the questions will not give rise to any emotional feelings Finally, please note that the word "children" in the questions refer to the woman's own offspring of whatever age and sex and not the children of a brother, sister or husband or other relative or non-relative or adopted ones who may be living with her. You should also note that some of the respondents may be old and their memory weak. You should, therefore, exercise patience and help them to recollect the correct number of children born to them. If no child is reported for any of the questions, write 00 in the Column concerned.
Note: It is common experience that the birth of child may not be reported readily if the child is not actually surviving at the time of enumeration. Infant deaths are still high in the country. There is a chance of a number of such cases being missed unless specifically questioned about. It is necessary to record all live births even if the child has died soon thereafter or had not survived to the day of enumeration. Where a woman first answers that no child was ever born to her, you may perhaps question as follows: "It has been found in some houses that a child was born and had died soon after or a few days or month later and such cases had not been reported. It is my hope that there are no such cases here. Am I right?". This may bring in the required response. If she reports 'No' then you can be sure that no birth has been missed.

87. Columns 4: (a) and (b): How many Children have been born alive to you? (Separately by males in column (a) and females in column (b))
Record the number of children born alive to the respondent in the space provided, for male children in column (a) and for female children in column (b) Give the number in two digits as instructed at the heading of this column. When administering the question care must be taken to ensure that only the number of children born alive to a respondent is recorded. When a child is not born alive it is called a still birth and it should not be included while furnishing information in columns 4 (a) or (b).
87.1 It is therefore necessary for you to know the information of live birth (or children born alive). It is as follows:
Live birth is the complete expulsion (delivery) or extraction from its mother of a product of conception (baby), irrespective of the duration of pregnancy. The baby after such separation, breathes or shows other evidence of life, such as beating of the heart, pulsation of the umbilical cord, or definite movement of voluntary muscles, whether or not the umbilical cord has been cut or the placenta is attached. Each product of such delivery is considered as alive-birth.
To put it in simple terms, a live birth is one in which the baby has cried.

88. Columns 5: (c) and (d): How many of them are living? (Separately for male children living in Columns (c) and female children living in Column (d))
Record in the space provided, the number of the woman's own children by sex who are alive. Some of them may be in the same household and others may live elsewhere. You have to record all of them. Remember to include in this category any of the woman's own children who normally live in this household but who are absent at the time of the interview. In some cases when the children are away from their mother, she may not know whether they are living or not. In those cases write "not known" under column 5 (c) and (d).

89. Column 6: (e) and (f) How many of them have died? (Separately for male children dead in Column (e) and female children dead in Column (f)
Record in the space provided the number of the woman's own children by sex who are dead. Note that some women may not easily remember the number of their children who have died. Therefore, you should help the respondent to find the correct number by counting your fingers as she mentions the names of the children dead. This is a sensitive question and you must ascertain the answer without wounding the feelings of the respondent.
Note: Make sure that no child is counted more than once or omitted. Please remember that the number of children born alive to a woman should be equal to the total of number of children living and number of children dead.
Column 4 (a) = Column 5 (c) + Column 6 (e) Column 4 (b) = Column 5 (d) + Column 6 (f)

90. Column 7: (g) and (h) Particulars of births in the last 12 months
Column 7 relates to women aged 15 -49 only. Hence for other women i.e. more than 49 put a dash (-) in these columns.
90.1 This question is aimed at collecting births (separately as male or female birth) in the 12 months prior to the date of enumeration to all female aged 15 to 49 years . Please note that the number of children born alive, already recorded in Columns 4(a) and 4(b), include the child born alive to the woman in the last 12 months. In the case of older woman (say beyond age 50) or widows or divorced woman, there may not be any birth in the last 12 months generally. In their case also you have to fill in these columns by entering 0. Please however, remember that occurrence of births is not entirely ruled out in such case. Only if the child was born alive, you should record 1 under male or female as the case may be. Still births, i.e., a child which is born dead should not be taken in to account for this purpose. So you should make sure that every case of birth of a child born alive, even if it is not alive on the date of enumeration, is reported. You should not reckon it if the child was born lifeless. Suppose a child was born alive then died immediately after birth it is alive birth which should be reported. You have to make sure that any live birth that has occurred to a woman in the last one year is recorded whether the child is surviving till date of enumeration or not.
90.2 If the answer to this question is 'Yes', you should ask whether the child was born male or female. If male, record 1 under male and 0 under female. If female, record 0 under male and 1 under female. If the answer is ' No', enter 0 both under male and female and skip to column 8. In case where the woman has had twins, please write 2 under male or female as the case may be. If it was 1 male and 1 female, record accordingly. If there were multiple births enter suitably following this procedure.

91. Column 8: Birth registration: Did you register the birth of this baby with the Civil Authority?
Birth registration means that the baby who was born in a household was reported by his/her parent to the commune. If the baby was registered with the Civil Authority you should give code 1, otherwise give code 2.

92. Filling-in of Form B Household Questionnaire Part -- 4: Housing Conditions and Facilities
This part of the questionnaire on housing conditions has to be filled in after completing the main household questionnaire (Form B Parts- 2 and 3). This part should be completed with the assistance of the head of the household or any responsible member of the household.
93. In case where within a household, members use a variety of facilities, probe to establish the facility used by the majority of household members and record it for the household. For example, if the members of a household use more than one source of light you should record the main source of light used by the majority of members.
94. Please note that in this part you are required to write in the square provided at the bottom of each column only the code corresponding to the appropriate answer. Under no circumstances you should write more than one code for each question.

95. Column 1: On what basis do you occupy this dwelling?
Owner occupied. Give Code 1 if the household has a dwelling belonging to either the head or a member of the household for which no rent is being paid. Note that this group includes persons occupying houses or buildings on hire purchase basis or living in houses or buildings built with loan from financial institutions for which full payments have not been made. Note also that even if the head or a member of household owns part of a family house which was occupied by the household you should give Code 1.
95.1 Rent: Give Code 2 if the household has been paying rent for its accommodation. Remember that rent here implies the payment of money at the end of a specified period.
95.2 Not owner, but rent-free: Give code 3 if the household has an accommodation free of charge although the house or building is not the property of the head or any member of this household. For example, households staying in family houses free of rent.
95.3 Other, (specify): Give Code 4 for any answer not fitting in any of the three categories specified above and specify the basis on which the household occupies the dwelling.

96. Column 2: Main source of light
Determine the type of lighting used in the household most of the time and give the appropriate code. The types of the lighting and their codes are as follows:

Please note that City Power (Code 1) means electricity supplied by Electricity department or any Agency. Generator (code 2) refers to private generator use by household.

97. Column 3: Main cooking fuel
Find out from respondent the kind of fuel used by the household most of the time for cooking. Give the code for the appropriate item. If two or more kinds of cooking fuel are used e.g. electricity and LPG; LPG and wood; kerosene and charcoal; etc. give code for the fuel which is used most of the time for cooking.
The codes for the kind of fuel used for cooking are as follows:

98. Column 4: Toilet facility within premises
Toilet here refers to any installation that is used for the disposal of human excreta. The first question asked is about the availability of toilet facility within premises (column 4 (a)) If the answer is "Yes", write code 1 in the box and go to ask the type of toilet facility in column 4(b). Please note that premises refers to the house or building in which household is living. If there is no toilet in the house or building in which household is living, you should give Cods 2 in box of column 4(a) and skip to column 5.
The type of toilet facility used by the household is to be given in column 4(b). If there is a toilet facility within the premise of a household give any code 1 to 4 as appropriate. The codes for the kind of toilet facility used by household are as follows:

99. Column 5 Main source of drinking water supply
Give appropriate code for the household's main source of drinking water supply. If there are two or more sources of drinking water supply, give the code of the source used most of the times. Following are the codes for different sources of drinking water supply:

Please note that Bought (Code 6) refers to buying water from shops or from street vendors. In that case, give Code 6. If a household gets drinking water through pipe for which payment is made, the codes to be given is 1 and not 6.

100. Column 6: No. of rooms occupied by household
Record in the square provided in this column, the number of rooms occupied by the household as indicated in the column, itself. If a household is in occupation of more than eight rooms you have to record only 8.
A room should have four walls with a roof and a doorway. It should be wide and long enough for a person to sleep in. In giving the number of rooms occupied by household you should exclude kitchen, store room, bathroom and toilet, which are not normally usable for living or sleeping. A room which is shared by more than one household will not be counted by any of them.

101. Filling-in of Form B Household Questionnaire Part -- 5: Death in Household
This is the last part of the household questionnaire (Form B). This section is considered as part of household questionnaire with very sensitive questions. You should be polite and patient when asking these questions. You should explain to the respondents about this information which is very necessary for studying the mortality rate (per 1000 population) and using in the calculation of the population growth rate. You should take special care to see that correct information is ascertained; you may have to put probing questions patiently to achieve this.

102. Deaths in household in the last 12 months
Columns (1) to (7) for recording death of any member of household in the last 12 months
This relates to deaths of any members of household during the last 12 months in the same household. Before recording any death you should know that the death of the person took place when he/she was living in the household. The death of the person living in other places at the time of death should not be recorded. For example a woman who was formerly a member of household during the survey had died as member of another household (which she joined after marriage) her death should not be recorded in the surveyed household.
102.1 The place of death, if hospital, is not important in some cases. For example a member of the surveyed household died at hospital. Such death should be recorded in the household. A member of surveyed household was traveling to some place for getting health care and died in that place, it should be recorded in the surveyed household. For example Kim who is member of household (A) in Kandal fell ill and went to Phnom Penh to receive treatment and stayed in the household of (B) in Phnom Penh. If he died in Phnom Penh, his death should be recorded in household (A) and not in household (B).
102.2 For recording death in household in the last 12 months nine columns are provided. One line should be used for recording one death. The first column is for the serial number. In column 2 you should write full name of the deceased. In case of infant death where the infant is not given a name, write "INFANT (Kouy Kim Deth's infant)". In column 3 you should fill-in sex of deceased. In column 4 the relationship to head of household should be filled-in. In column 5 the age at death in completed years of the deceased at the time of death should be recorded. In column 6 concerning the registration with the Civil Authority, if the answer is "Yes" give code 1 and if "No" give code 2. The causes of death contain one groups of codes for illness and another for accidents. The codes (see the bottom of the questionnaire) from 1 to 19 relate to illness and codes from 20 to 34 for accidents. In column 7 give appropriate code for the cause of death of the person. If there are two or more causes, give the code for one cause only after probing which was the most important cause.

103. Columns 8 and 9 for recording Maternal Deaths among Females aged 15 -- 49
Columns 8 and 9 are intended to know whether the death is a case of maternal mortality. Columns 8 and 9 should be filled- in for death of women aged 15-49 years. If the woman died while pregnant, during delivery or within 42 days after delivery you should take it as maternal mortality.
In column 8 if the answer is "Yes" give code 1, if "No" give code 2. If "Yes" in column 8 you should record the appropriate code in column 9 relating to medical attention (see the bottom of the questionnaire) before the death. Note that column 9 should be filled-in only if code in column 8 is 1.
For recording any health professional attended on her before death in household in the last 12 months 5 codes are provided at the list. For doctor you should put code 1. For Nurse you should put code 2. For midwife you should put code 3. For other health professional you should put code 4. If no health professional attended give code 5.

Chapter-4

104. Preparation of enumerator's summary
After completing enumeration of a household, you should fill in Form II called Enumerator's Summary (Appendix IX). You should fill in the identification particulars carefully. The figures which you finish in this Summary will be used for compiling provisional results. You should not, therefore, make any arithmetical or posting mistake. Thirty lines are provided in the Enumerator's summary. Take the figures for each household one by one from the columns concerned in Form B part 2 and record in this form. The number of forms required depend on the number of households in the EA. Give page number at the right hand top for each Form used. Each line in this Form is to be used for one household. The last line is for giving total of each column. In column 3 you have to count the number of households and give it in the total column. In each page the total for each page may be given. In the last page the grand total for EA as a whole may be given. The procedure to fill in column 2 to 8 of the Enumerator's Summary is explained below:

105. Columns 2 and 3: Building No. and column 3: Household No.
In these columns copy the Building Number and Household Number of selected household from the Identification Particulars given at the top of Form B part 1 filled-in for the household.
106. Column 4: No. of Questionnaires used
You should write here the number of Form B used for the selected household. You must have already recorded this number in the square at the left hand bottom of first page of the first Form B used for the household.

107. Columns 5 to 7: Population
You should count the number of males (Code 1) from Column 4 of Form B Part 2 and record the number in column 5 of this Form. Count the number of females (Code 2) from Column 4 of Form B Part 2 and record the number in Column 6 of this Form. Add Columns 5 and 6 and record the number of persons in Column 7. Check whether this tallies with the last serial number in Column 1 of Form B Part 2. Do not copy the population figures from the House list Summary. What we are interested in here is the Survey population and not the House list population.

108. Column 8: Remarks
In this Remarks column you may record any useful information based on your observation

109. Total for the Column 4, 5, 6 and 7
After filling-in the figures for the column 4, 5, 6 and 7 for each line (e.g. households) as instructed above you should enter the total of each column in the last line. This should be done carefully. You can cross-check the column total by using the following method. The total in column 7 should be equal to the sum of totals of columns 5 and 6. If you don't get the total there should be error in some lines. You should verify again carefully.

110. Documents to be handed over to supervisor
At the end of enumeration, you have to get a Certificate from the Village Chief concerned (Appendix X) that you have completely covered all 30 sample households during enumeration. After you have carefully checked the entries and the totals in the questionnaires and summary statements as mentioned in this manual, you have to return the following materials placed in folders to your supervisor and obtain acknowledgement (see Appendix XII).

If you follow the instructions contained in this manual carefully you should feel proud to have accomplished a national task well. In Appendix XI, you will find some specimen entries of Form A House-list, Form B Household Questionnaire, Form 1 Houselist Summary, Form 2: Enumerator's Summary.

[Appendix omitted. Includes sample form, maps, and summary tables]