Austria 1981
National Census 1981
[Pages 2-5 omitted]
[p. 6]
1. Introductory remarks about the National Census 1981
1.1 Why a combined "National Census"?
The information that results from a Census of Population and Housing, including job placement, for all of Austria is valuable, not to mention practical, if you were to set a common deadline. A single "National Census" is without a doubt also more work and cost effective than individual censuses for each of the different subgroups. The combined amount of numerous census forms must be taken into consideration concerning costs given these advantages.
The Housing Census should convey how the population lives. The manner of living [quality of life] is an important factor of social distinction in a modern society. Furthermore the Housing Census provides crucial and current basic information for the construction industry and for practical use from the public development funds, as well as fundamental data for the local civic engineering.
Every ten years there occurs a population census in most countries around the world.
The population census should inform the administration, industry, and academia about the number of the population [population figure] in all of Austria and within individual areas (provinces, political neighborhoods and communities). On account of the population census, the established, official citizen count will be known, as well as the base for the distribution of mandates within the individual constituency.
[p. 7]
Also the Financial adjustment between the Federal Government and states (communities) is based upon the population count, especially on account of the population census a "terraced concept of population" is constructed.
The population census will above all also provide insight concerning the construction of the population in respect to gender, age, profession, education, and other important distinctions. Also these findings serve as a crucial basis for administrative decisions, as well as for academic research.
Substitution of a population census through other measures
Population census and other statistical information concerning population
Decentralized, guided statistical surveys of residents, for example communities, cannot replace a population census. Decentralized statistical surveys are carried out according to varying points of view for a particular purpose and consist of altering levels of accuracy. A population census takes place throughout the country on the same date, in accordance with uniform instructions and with special attention to reduce the chance of people counted twice or not at all. Through this [process], the distinctive characteristics of individuals will be grasped from a uniform point of view.
Also the central guided demographic analysis at the Austrian Statistical Central Agency is on account of the registration of births. Death rates and estimates for the number of immigrants have been continually deviating from actual numbers and must be adjusted from time to time with the aid of a population census.
Population census and other sources of information
Many people believe that much of the information retrieved from the use of the Persons sheet could be obtained from administration channels, registration indexes, and records, for example Inland Revenue offices, registry offices, etc. The law of data protection prohibits such a collection of information. Foreseen from the immense work costs for a combined census of information, the information saved in multiple files would already become obsolete. Only through a single People's census is it possible to collect all corresponding important information of a person in an information set, namely for the combined Population of Austria at a unified time.
Population census not to be confused with a Marital Status intake.
A Marital Status intake--the last took place on October 10, 1979--is organized by the National Ministry of Finance and serves special tax purposes, in the first place the issue of wage(s) tax cards. Also religious communities are allowed the then collected information to employ the establishment of church contribution liability. The collected information during the census is however not allowed to be used for tax or administration purposes.
In 1981, a census of workplaces will be included in the combined census for the first time.
The registration of all non-agricultural workplaces serves as the basis for the statistic survey of the structure and work of commercial industry.
The main objective of the census of workplaces is a complete overview of all workplaces--with the exception of the same of agriculture and forest industries--in their professional and regional distribution and those who yield to their employees. At a time, in which the problem of job positions approaches an increasingly greater importance, the findings establish natural, important information and decision aids for politics, administration, and planning.
[p. 8]
The Census of Houses and Dwellings 1981 is based upon the Federal Statistics law from April 1, 1965 (BGBI. Nr. 91/ 1965) and is carried out together with the Proper Population Census and the Census of workplaces according to the ordinance BGBI. Nr. 30/ 1981 in all of Austria.
The Population Census 1981 is based upon the new Population census law from April 16, 1980 (BgBI. Nr. 199/ 1980) that the information duty of the questioned persons is established from their given, permanent residence and the permitted questions enumerated and takes place on May 12, 1981 in accordance with the ordinance of the Federal Government (BGBI. Nr. 253/ 1980). The survey papers to be employed are lawfully defined in a single print-type ordinance (BGBI. Nr. 29/ 1981).
The Census of Workplaces 1981 is based upon the federal law from February 14, 1973 (BGBI. Nr. 119/ 1973) and is arranged through the ordinance of the Federal Government from November 11, 1980 (BGBI. Nr. 502/ 1980). The third page of the workplace record contains however questions of the Houses and Dwelling census, these are covered through the then-stated ordinance (therefore also the print "supplement sheet for the Houses and Dwelling census").
All the questions contained on the survey papers are protected by the aforementioned legal foundations.
[p. 9]
3. The Purpose of the Census Authority
3.1 Consultation of the Population
Over the course of the census, you have a crucial assignment as a census authority, namely to establish contact with the population in question and therewith to advise and support the [persons] obliged to answer with the completion of the survey papers. This means that you should make yourself familiar with the survey papers and the corresponding explanations beforehand. This brochure is based upon the understanding of these documents and should present you only supplementary information.
3.2 Completeness and totality of the census
Your main duty rests in the complete coverage of the buildings, dwellings and the persons residing within, as well as workplaces and rests on your assistance for the realization of complete answering of all the contained questions on the census papers.
You received an identity card for census authorities to legitimize [your position], which you should have with you, using in combination with a current picture I.D. during your activity and should show when desired [by person selected to complete census].
The Federal Statistic law (BGBI. Nr. 91/ 1965 § 10 paragraph 2) and the Population law (BGBI. Nr. 199/ 1980 § 4 paragraph 1) obligates you through the requirement of office discretion to keep all data, observations, and perceptions on the occasion of the census confidential.
According to the Federal Statistic law (§ 10 paragraph 1) and Population census law (§ 4 paragraph 2), all information can only be used for statistical uses--that means only the production of tables. The use of all data (that is related to a single person) for administrative purposes is therefore prohibited. In the Population Census law, use for tax purposes is specifically forbidden.
The reconditioning of the data takes place anonymously at the Austrian Statistic Central Agency, meaning that the names of the persons are not accepted in the data processing. It serves only the local authority in checking for completion and by the Austrian Statistic Central Agency for queries on missing statements.
Moreover the confidentiality of people-related data is also now protected by the Information Protection Law 9BGBI. Nr. 565 / 1978).
[Page 10]
4. The census papers and compulsory information
[Text suppressed.]
Origin of the Census papers
The questions that appear on the census papers developed over the last few years at the Austrian Statistic Central Agency in cooperation with representatives from public offices, industry and science in many sessions, whereby the statistical headquarters office had to refer often to the boundaries on the one hand by the legal position, on the other hand with respect to what can be expected according to experience of the population. The census papers were improved then through tests in three test censuses with respect to the intelligibility of the questions.
Consider that the individual census papers must be applicable for all appearing forms, therefore the building sheet for all types of houses, workplace survey for all types of workplaces, and therefore for each possible form does not suit itself in equally optimal manner.
[Page 12]
5. The distribution of census papers
In the sequence, the different census forms, how, for example, a building, dwellings, etc., for which the census papers are to be distributed exactly are described. For each census form, the addressee and/or the informant is indicated.
Please first read the definitions in the explanations of the forms.
For every building deliver to the house owner or other authorized person (family member, etc.)--in larger houses the responsible property management--a building sheet together with the green explanation sheet.
Please always start at the same time an address sheet for each building--so far this is not already prepared by the local authority.
Should you find no persons able to provide information at a building (chateaus, vacations houses, etc.)--despite of multiple attempts, try to answer as many questions as possible (floor, building style, etc.) based upon your own perceptions (possibly inquiry of a neighbor) and report this situation to the local authority.
Buildings are free-standing or--with connected building styles--clearly divided from one another (possibly through fire walls) solid architectural structures, whose built area amounts to at least 20 m2. With apartment houses or larger apartment properties, every staircase is considered an individual building, regardless if the individual staircases are connected to each other or not.
No building sheet should be given for the following properties or architectural structures:
1. Boats, trailers (also on permanent foundations), tents and other portable lodgings. Should, however, persons live without another permanent residence; they are to be imposed with a household list and persons sheet.
[Column 2]
2. Kiosks (under 20 sq. m.), portable market stands and displays. The working sites accommodated therein are to be given however with a workplace inquiry.
3. Agricultural or forest-industry industrial buildings, as long as they are not also considered a living space.
4. No agricultural or forest-industry building for public or company uses with a built area of less than 20 sq. m., as long as it is not also considered a living space (i.e. transformation storage).
5. Garages that are not considered commercial spaces are then also not to be included, when they exceed 20 sq. m.
6. Buildings that are determined as spaces used by the train industry or train transport, as long as they are not also considered living spaces.
7. Buildings that are spaces used by the military. The dwellings present therein and its inhabitants should be presented however with dwelling sheets, household lists and person's sheets.
According to § 3 paragraph 1 of the ordinance of the buildings minister, BGBI. Nr. 30/1981, the owner of a build or his/her authorized representative (i.e. property management) is obliged to complete the building sheet.
[p. 13]
[Five different illustrations to provide examples of ways in which the census taker can differentiate different buildings]
[Example 1: Apartment house layout]
[Example 2: Older Apartment house]
[Example 3: Area with varied uses]
[Example 4: Factory]
[Example 5: Farmyard]
[p. 14]
For each dwelling, deliver a dwelling sheet together with the green explanation sheet to the dwelling inhabitants (family members).
Exceptions: In the cities named in section 4, a blue explanation sheet is distributed together with the dwelling sheet.
In buildings with more than two dwellings, please always fill out immediately the corresponding line on the inside of your address envelope.
Should you find in a dwelling no authorized representative, the dwelling sheet is to be delivered to the house owners (property management). This is same according to § 3 paragraphs 2 of the ordinance obligate the "replacement completion" of the dwelling sheet. Also when it is not possible (i.e. chateau), you must report the case to the local authority (Note on the address envelope).
Attention: A dwelling leaf must also be filled out for empty dwellings.
A "dwelling" consists of a room or multiple rooms with adjoining rooms, which forms on its own a unit and are equipped at least with kitchen or kitchenette.
Specials cases of dwellings:
1. Living spaces in a sister's home or single home that is equipped with a cook opportunity (kitchenette).
2. Living spaces in a retirement homes, that are equipped with a kitchen or kitchenette, also if in such a home the meals can be taken in a joint dining room.
3. Apartments in apartment complexes (not in hotels, inns, or pensions) that are equipped with a cook opportunity, also when the house has its own restaurant and the cook opportunity is only rarely used.
No dwelling sheet should be given in the following cases:
Single rooms without kitchen or kitchenette;
Guest rooms, apartments and personal rooms in foreign accommodation locations;
Community /group lodgings in homes and institutes (i.e. nursing home, home for disabled persons, apprentice homes, boarding schools, well-being institutes and care institutes).
Also "dwellings", which on the whole are utilized as a workplace (doctor's surgery, office, etc.) are probably not considered a "dwelling" but a workplace.
Compulsory Information
According to § 3 paragraph 1 of the ordinance of the buildings minister, BGBI. Nr. 30/1981, the dwelling inhabitant is obliged to complete the dwelling sheet. According to § 3 paragraph 2 states that, in the situation that the dwelling inhabitant is not available or the dwelling is empty, the obligation for information and completion [of the dwelling sheet] falls on the house owner.
Every household should be given a Households list and also those households, at which the stated dwelling is not their permanent residence, but rather have an "additional residence" (e.g. vacations house). The explanations for the completion of the household list are printed on the list itself.
Should you be unable to locate anyone at a dwelling--despite multiple attempts--please contact the local authority in this situation (Note on the Address envelope).
What is a household?
A household is comprised of persons who live and work together (compare to the explanations for the household list). There can therefore be also multiple households within the same dwelling.
Whether a family constitutes an individual household while residing in the same dwelling as living parents or parents-in-law, you must allow those persons to decide. As a reference to the "joint economies", for example can be the joint receipt of meals, a joint economy income, [and] the use of the same living spaces are considered. A household can consist also of a single person.
If a household is divided over multiple dwellings, all household members are grasped nevertheless in a household list.
Specials cases of households:
Children's villages are to be treated family-wise as private households.
Mass accommodations (e.g. for foreign worker) represent an aggregation of private households, usually nothing but single person households.
Personnel in accommodation business belong to the household of the business owners if they live with him/her [the owner] in a joint household, therefore using the same living spaces with [the owner]. Should the personnel live, on the other hand, in their own rooms, it forms one's own household, mostly single person households.
Compulsory Information
According to § 3, paragraph 1 of the People's Census laws (BGBI. Nr. 199/ 1980), all persons "who are in the municipality of their permanent residence or have an additional private residence" are required to complete the printed material.
[p.16]
5.4 Census list for institute households
The census list for institute households is a special form of the household list especially adapted for the use in institutes. It consists of a collective envelope and enclosure sheet. Because the institute inhabitants do not possess a normal household list, also a sheet apiece with the "explanation to the persons sheet" must be delivered per institute inhabitant.
What is an institute household?
An institute household consists of persons who live together, usually take their meals together, are connected by a common goal and one of the outside, assigned authorities are in charge. Institute households therefore are in well-being institutes, care institutes, cure institutes, age homes, boarding schools, student homes, justice institutes, barracks and cloisters. Personnel and inmates form separate institute households.
Which persons from the inmates should be noted on the list is stated in the explanations in the census list individually.
Regarding employees, please note that only persons who live together in the institution and the remaining conditions of the first paragraph, should be noted on a census list. A person who exclusively lives outside the institution or inside the institution in a work dwelling, complete ordinary (yellow) household lists according to households.
Duty to disclose information
The responsible director of the institution is obligated to complete the "Census list for institution households".
For every person in all of Austria, only once is a person sheet allowed to be completed, namely there, where they have a permanent residence, also the location marked in Column 3a on the household list (or census list for institution households). Which residence of a person is therefore the "permanent residence"?
Permanent Residence
On the household list, the permanent residence is defined--following the wording in the people's census law--as a "middle point of life relationships." For persons who only have one residence, this definition is sufficient.
Persons with multiple residences
Persons with multiple residences must decide which residence is their permanent one. On the household list, rules are stated for special person categories, where the permanent [pg. 17] residence ordinarily should be found. These rules are important for this reason because those concerned are often not accessible at both residences in person. Frequently the parents will fill out the household lists of absent, studying sons or daughters. In the situation where no rules are given on the household list, the responses of the parents at one residence and those of the children at another [residence] often conflict with each other.
Families with a dwelling in the city and another in the surrounding countryside will be inherent to many municipalities and should remain at their location to be counted. If you point out in such circumstances that the marking of the permanent residence must be followed according to the regulations of the people's census law, truthfully in the individual area of responsibility of the citizen. As the answers may only be used for statistical purposes, none of the involved municipalities may derive any conclusions from the recorded markings during the people's census.
Immigrant workers should be counted according to the explanations on the household list almost without exception as having a permanent residence in their Austrian residential municipality. Also it will be noted from newly arrived persons that they desire to work in Austria for many years. Only those with a work permit as a seasonal worker for a few months should be ignored. These [persons] established in Austria only an "additional residence".
According to § 3 paragraph 1 and 3 of the people's census law, all persons in every municipality are required to provide information and complete a person sheet in the municipality they have their permanent residence. As mentioned, every person may only complete one person sheet in a municipality. According to § 3 paragraph 2, the Head of Household or other household members can be consulted to provide information in place of an absent person or information for persons not capable [to answer], in which situation the dwelling or house owner may also be consulted.
5.6 Place of work record (Working place voucher)
Every proprietor or director of a place of work gives a place of work record in their census area. At the same time it should be noted that every place of work should be recorded, which are located on uninhabited properties, like for example factories or gas stations. Do not forget in such situations to distribute building sheets and address sheets for completion.
Further information should be recorded: all places of work from public authorities, representatives (spokesmen), associations, and societies, as well as all schools, kindergartens, facilities for religious societies, hospitals, sanatoriums, all free professions such as doctors, artists, lawyers, etc.
When multiple businesses operate at one location (e.g. coat companies, daughter companies, etc.), see to it that each business has one record. Also for occupations, which are registered under the residential address or are carried out in a dwelling, a work site record should also be completed: for example moving trade, taxi driver.
Note especially those places of work that close due to seasonal use.
In the case that the owner or responsible director is not available, in any case a replacement sheet for the place of work (at least with name and address) with a corresponding notice for a belated registration should be given. Register in this case with the municipality (Note on the address sheet).
A place of work in the long run is an established, local, identified unit, by name or designation and address, with at least one employed person. Places of work of the agricultural and forest industries are not included because these were already registered with the agricultural and forest-industrial business census of 1980.
According to § 4 of Federal Law from February 14, 1973 (BGBI. Nr. 119/1973), the duty to relate information is incumbent upon the owner or responsible director of the place of work.
[Page 18 omitted]
[p. 19]
["Announcement for those completing forms" and "Notices on the address sheet" omitted]
What to do with foreigners?
Foreigners are also obligated to relate information (not included are exterritorial persons, see household list), when they have their permanent residence in Austria. Make sure that the person in question has understood, what occurs with the census forms.
For persons from Yugoslavia and Turkey, translations of the household list and person sheet are available in Serbo-Croatian and Turkish. These are given at the concerned households. The answers however should be marked on the original sheets (German language). If an understanding is not possible, in this case notify the census work site.
["Conduct by unwilling persons (refusal to relate information)" omitted]
[Pages 20-23 omitted]
[p. 24]
7. Advice on individual questions
7.1 Building sheet
For Question 1, Number of dwellings in the building:
This question is an inspection question. Give your insight on the expected number of dwellings.
For Question 2, Owners of the building:
Foreign building organizations with headquarters abroad must be noted as "Other legal persons" and noted as "Foreigner" in Question 3.
For Questions 4 and 5, Area of the property and constructed area:
These questions allow important statements about the dimensions of the census objects to be noted and get a picture of the building density.
In the case that the area measurements are missing, ask for these when collecting the sheets and add it on the building sheet.
When multiple buildings stand on one piece of property, see to it that the property area is divided roughly for each of these buildings and in no situation should it be repeated.
For Question 13, Number of floors:
The number should only then be noted exactly, when the installment is subject to uniform rule. For this reason, the ground floor is noted as the first level and is marked with the note "one" on the form. Further levels should simply counted continuously, regardless whether they are labeled "Hochparterre", "Mezzanine", etc.
[Example suppressed]
Hochparterre and Mezzanine are therefore identified often in city areas as separate floors.
For hillside buildings count the number of floors on the valley-side of the house. For houses with partial floor constructions (half-levels), count the side with the highest number of levels.
[p. 25]
For Question 18, usable fuel:
This question was included after the fact due to the current energy problem. The house and dwelling census gives i.e. the possibility to address the answers for the storage possibilities of heating oil for smaller regions (communities, political districts).
For Question 1, Number of households:
This question is an inspection question. You should give information, if the dwelling is inhabited at all, especially give any indication of an additional household in the dwelling (i.e. sub-leaser).
For Question 3, Number of living quarters:
The size of the dwelling is not only illustrated through the answer concerning the usable area of the dwelling, but also through the number of living quarters. Please observe that in most cases--under the noncompliance of the explanations--also the adjoining rooms are counted as living quarters. See to a correction, if necessary.
For Question 6, Fireplace connection
Also the question about the existence of a heating chimney is written in association with the energy questions in this census.
For Questions 7, 9, and 10, heating and fuel:
Please observe above all that with these questions only one box should be marked.
Many occupants do not know the usable area of their dwelling. In such cases, it is always better to respond with an estimate than no response at all.
For Question 13, Dwelling cost
Also the assessment of the dwelling cost often is quite difficult to determine. Frequently allow the dwelling cost to be calculated roughly, when all remarks for question 13 have been read on the Dwelling sheet.
[p. 26]
7.3 Household list
Who should be noted in the household list?
(Column 1)
All persons who live in the household in question, not however guests, who stay there only temporarily. "Extraterritorial persons" should also be excluded (see explanations on the household list).
Weekend house owners?
Owners of weekend or vacation dwellings should then include this vacation dwelling on a household list, when they have there at least an "additional residence". Exact guidelines cannot furthermore be given. In any case, the only property is not yet considered as a residence, the dwelling must also be dwelled in on a regular basis during the year, that is, not only during vacation.
Permanent residence? (Column 3)
For the marking of Column 3, a extended explanations are included on the household list. Additional advice can be found under point 5.5 in this guide.
Who is household representative? (Column 5)
Which person of the household who should be considered as the "household representative", or rather as the representative of the household from outside the household, likewise the owners must be allowed to determine this. In case of doubt, note an employed person of the middle generation as the household representative. "Household representative" should not be confused with "housekeeping", or rather work in the household. Tenants cannot be the household representative.
Detailed explanations for the persons sheet and particularly for the completion of the individual questions are found on page 4 of the household sheet, typically as a supplement to the census list for institution households on a single sheet. Upon completion is preferred that the persons sheet is taken out from the household list and placed near the backside, then one can easily refer to each of the individual questions in the explanations.
For the individual questions there is still further information to be noted:
Name and Address
For names, the academic title should also be noted.
For Question 5, How many children have you born?
The findings of this question should help to clarify the fertility and family statistic continuity, as well as to ease the advance calculation of the population of Austria.
Stillbirths are not taken into account. Women who have only had stillbirths should therefore mark "no child born living".
If a man has also noted the children in error on his sheet, the data can remain and does not need to be erased.
For Question 8, Where did you live 5 years ago?
This question serves the extraction of information on migration, which should preserve important insights into the migratory movement within the people's census interval and in absence of a continuing migration statistical survey. You can logically only answer [this question] for persons who are 5 years and older. For children younger than this age, you are not required to answer this question.
For Question 9, Education:
This question must be answered by all persons who are 15 years of age and older. This question is constructed so that all levels of education can be assessed.
[p. 27]
Sub-question a (compulsory school) serves only as a control question. You should be able to mark each person over the age of 15 with "completed".
Sub-question b applies to the education as an apprentice. The attendance of a professional school (winter school, continuing education school, trade school) is included therewith and should not be stated again in sub-question c. "Completed" is marked, for those who have passed the apprentices' (journeymen's) final examination.
For sub-question c the attendance of technical schools (examples on the persons sheet) should be given. These are schools that can be attended following compulsory school or in place of a poly-technical apprenticeship. It is not completed with a Matura [no English translation--final examination for preparatory school; required for entrance into college]. For the interpretation [of statistics] at the Statistic Central Office, continuing education courses, foreman courses and others are not taken into consideration. In case of doubt, it is better to give the school attended. With help from a reference book, you can easily leave the unmentioned training unaddressed for the processing. As was mentioned above, professional schools, continuing education schools, and similar, which guide the practical professional training as an apprentice, should not be marked in sub-question c.
For sub-question d, training should be marked that leads to school leaving exams (Matura). Apprentices whose attendance assumes a predetermined school leaving exam, should be marked in sub-question e.
"Completed" is only marked, when all prescribed final exams of the corresponding education are completed on May 12th, 1981 or the diploma has already been issued.
"Not completed": These boxes have in first place the function to check the training programs that have been thoroughly completed. The boxes should therefore be marked, when a training program is started, although not--or not yet--completed.
For Question 10, Livelihood:
Who is employed?
For a person who is a family member assisting in a family business, especially for housewives, who assist with the business of their husband, for pensioned persons with a side job and for working students it is often difficult to determine if they are employed. In such cases, it is noted in the explanations as a decision making aid that a minimum average weekly time of 13 hours is required. Any person who therefore works at least 13 hours a week on average, is considered as employed; any persons who works less, is "unemployed".
Farmers are counted as employed (as long as they spend at least 13 hours weekly for the running of the business). Farmers are not required to completed questions 13, 14, and 15.
Wives of farmers are handled differently since the last people's census. Please address in every case, if the wife of the farmer helps out in the stable and in the fields or only carries out housework. (In case of doubt, note the 13 hour week limit)
Members of a holy order (i.e. nuns) are counted as employed. The corresponding questions concerning their worldly professions (i.e. child care worker, nurse) should be answered.
A person who only carries out volunteer positions is not counted as employed.
Classification of unemployed persons
The explanations for the individual answer possibilities are stated on the household list (fourth page). Concerning this, there is also the following advice:
[p. 28]
Persons are counted as unemployed who do not have any employment and either receive unemployment payments or seek work. The exception is made for persons in professional retraining. These persons mark themselves as "employed" and answer all corresponding questions for the last practiced profession.
Question 10 serves as a "switchman"
Each person should answer question 10. Only a single answer is allowed--as is noted on the persons sheet.
Based upon the answer in question 10, it is decided, which questions of the persons sheet must further be answered:
If "employed" was marked, then all questions on the right-hand side of the sheet should be answered.
If "Child, pupil, student" was marked, then questions 15 and 16 for the currently attended school should be answered--omitted naturally are children who do not yet attend school.
If "unemployed", "active duty personnel" is marked, then all the questions on the right-hand side of the sheet up through question 14 should be answered (an employment therefore cannot be given for this person).
As a result, give answers about the last practiced profession or the previously attended school.
"Pensioners and retired persons" also answer questions 11 and 12 with reference to the last practiced profession. The survey of the previous profession for pensioners is new. The answers serve primarily to be able to assess the growing number of pensioners in tables according to their previous employment. In addition, the calculation of profession-specific morality tables is planned.
If "Housewife (stay-at-home husband) is marked in question 10 or "other livelihood" is noted in words, no further questions need to be answered.
For questions 11 and 14, Job title, Branch of industry
The answers for questions 11 and 14 checked in the systematic distortions at the Statistic Central Office, so that they can be properly encoded for processing with the computer. Concerning a general held answer, i.e. "office employee", the editor however does not know if the person should be classified as an authorized signatory, accountant, shorthand typist, or paper sorter. If in question 14 for example only "metal branch" is marked, then this could just as well be a rolling mill or a car factory, an art-lock making or an ironware store. Therefore the most accurate possible answers are requested.
In Question 11b, the professional occupation should be described in addition in note form. If someone remarks that they are not able to describe their profession, then they should refer to the auxiliary questions from the explanations (on the fourth page of the household list). During the test census before the people's census, it was found that keyword descriptions of professions were very practical for the encoding of answers.
[p. 29]
For Question 12, position in profession:
Persons, who declared themselves as a co-owner, should classify themselves as self-employed in case of doubt.
For Question 13, Company name:
For departments of public office, the branch of industry should be determined from the designation of the office. Workers in public office should therefore describe their department as accurately as possible.
For Question 15, Commute to workplace or school:
Employed persons, as well as pupils and students must answer this question.
Unemployed persons, seasonal workers, and persons on medical and maternity leave are not required to answer this question, as long as they do not currently attend a school or have a workplace.
For persons who have a dwelling and a workplace in the same house, or rather on the same piece of property, this fact results from the completion of question 16. Those persons are not required to answer Question 15. All known employed persons, pupils, and students who marked "other address" in Question 16 must have answered sub-Questions a, b, and c for Question 15.
Those who do not return home daily (within 24 hours), but have quarters at the location of work, answer questions b) and c) for the commute from the quarters at the location of work to the workplace.
For Question 16, Address of workplace or school:
For employed persons, the workplace should be answered here, where the daily profession can be found. Because the address of the workplace is promoted for the commuter statistics, the address of the management is therefore not intended but the building, or rather meeting place from which they are brought to the workplace. For police officer it is the patrol office, for traveling salesmen, if need be, it is their own dwelling, etc. Employed persons who have a different workplace everyday, should answer the question according to the situation on May 12.
The question about extra income should serve [to create] as comprehensive a census of all industrial activities of the population as possible and to be in a position to take cases of extra income also into consideration. However, especially this question aims at the important problem of extra income agriculture [supplementary income farmers]. Those who therefore spend more than 13 hours per week for the cultivation of his/her agricultural property--aside from their main profession--should answer Question 17 with "Yes".
Voluntary occupations are not considered side-jobs.
[p.30]
7.5 Workplace Sheet
Advice for the individual questions:
For Questions 1 through 3, Name, Index Code, and Designation
These questions should make possible a unambiguous identification of workplaces, therefore Question 1 is required for a clear, legible index number of workplaces. If the workplace was informed of an index code with a postcard shortly before the census day, it is requested that this [code] is entered in Question 2.
In Question 3, the accurate, detailed designation of the workplace should be entered. This answer will be encoded at the Statistics Central Office according to the operating systematic classification scheme with a corresponding branch of industry.
For Questions 4.1 through 4.6, Occupation:
These questions serve to create a classification of workplaces with multifaceted industrial occupations and assignment according to the main area. Therefore it is required that all practiced occupations should give be given for every workplace.
Example: A department store with cattle trade and a boarding house should give the following answers:
4.3 (Wholesale trade): Cattle and pigs
4.4 (Retail trade): Foodstuffs, Textiles, Tobacco products
4.5 (services): Breakfast pension
[In 4.6, should every area be marked, of the occupation, which is prominently practiced]
For Question 5, Employees:
In addition to the explanations on page 3 of the workplace sheet, the following point should also be noted:
If the employees (also inhabitants or rather assisting family members) are active in different workplaces according to workload, then they should only be stated in one of these workplaces, in order to avoid double counting. This assignment for the workplaces should follow the main area of the occupation.
For Question 6, Legal Representation:
If the workplace has registered multiple memberships as a result of multiple trade associations, committees, etc., the noted membership (see Question 4) of the most important, practiced occupation should be entered.
[pp. 31-38 omitted]