IPUMS International

Sample characteristics: United Kingdom

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of the Population 1851
Statistical agency	Secretary of State
Population universe	All persons who slept in an dwelling in the country on the night of March 30, 1851
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	March 31, 1851
Field work period	March 31, 1851
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	17711044
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	Where houses were let or sub-let to different persons or families, in separate stories or apartments, the single occupier or head of household of each such story or apartment completed a separate household schedule

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of the Population 1851
Statistical agency	Secretary of State
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of March 30, 1851
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	March 31, 1851
Field work period	March 31, 1851
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	2899281
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	Where houses were let or sub-let to different persons or families, in separate stories or apartments, the single occupier or head of household of each such story or apartment completed a separate household schedule

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of the Population 1851
Statistical agency	Secretary of State
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of March 30, 1851
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	March 31, 1851
Field work period	March 31, 1851
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Highly clustered sample of parishes. For more information, see sample description.
Sample fraction	0.02
Sample size (person records)	399216
Sample weights	Weights computed by data producer should be used for most types of analysis.
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	Where houses were let or sub-let to different persons or families, in separate stories or apartments, the single occupier or head of household of each such story or apartment completed a separate household schedule

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of England and Wales, 1861
Statistical agency	Secretary of State
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 7, 1861 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 7,1861 but returned home on April 8, 1861
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 8, 1861
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between April 1 and April 6, 1861
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	19828561
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	Where houses were let or sub-let to families or lodgers, each occupier or lodger completed a separate household schedule

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of Scotland, 1861
Statistical agency	Secretary of State
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 7, 1861 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 7,1861 but returned home on April 8, 1861
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 8, 1861
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between April 1 and April 6, 1861
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	3008817
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	Where houses were let or sub-let to families or lodgers, each occupier or lodger completed a separate household schedule

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of Scotland, 1871
Statistical agency	Secretary of State
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 2, 1871 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 2,1871 but returned home on April 3, 1871
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 3, 1871
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 27 and April 1, 1871
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	3349656
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of England and Wales, 1881
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 3, 1881 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 3,1881 but returned home on April 4, 1881
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 4, 1881
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 28 and April 2, 1881
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	26124585
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of Scotland, 1881
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 3, 1881 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 3,1881 but returned home on April 4, 1881
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 4, 1881
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 28 and April 2, 1881
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	3741017
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of England and Wales, 1891
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 5, 1891 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 5,1891 but returned home on April 6, 1891
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 6, 1891
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 29 and April 4, 1891
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	29509255
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of Scotland, 1891
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 5, 1891 and persons who were working or travelling on the night April 5,1891 but returned home on April 6, 1891
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 6, 1891
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 29 and April 4, 1891
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	4013567
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of England and Wales, 1901
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of March 31, 1901 and persons who were working or travelling on the night March 31, 1901 but returned home on April 1, 1901
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 1, 1901
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 25 and March 30, 1901
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	32493318
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of Scotland, 1901
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of March 31, 1901 and persons who were working or travelling on the night March 31, 1901 but returned home on April 1, 1901
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 1, 1901
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 25 and March 30, 1901
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	4438418
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	Census of England and Wales, 1911
Statistical agency	Registrar General
Population universe	All persons who slept in a dwelling in the country on the night of April 2,1911 and persons who arrived to the dwelling on the morning of April 3, 1911 having not be enumerated elsewhere
De jure or de facto	De facto
Census/survey day	April 3, 1911
Field work period	Household schedules were delivered between March 27 and April 1, 1911
Questionnaire	A single household form collected information on individual characteristics
Type of fieldwork	Self-emumeration and direct enumeration
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Not applicable
Sample fraction	1
Sample size (person records)	36353455
Sample weights	Not applicable
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Parish
Unit definitions
Dwellings	A place in which any person entitled to receive a schedule usually lives. A dwelling may be an ordinary private house or a separately occupied room or rooms in a house; a flat in a block of residential mansions or model dwellings; a maisonette; rooms over stables, over shops, in a factory, etc.; an hotel, club, institution, etc.; or a caravan, tent, canal boat, vessel, etc.
Households	A group of people who eat at the same table or in the same house, including lodgers and servants

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	1961 Census
Statistical agency	Office of Population and Surveys for England and Wales
Population universe	All persons (members of the household, including visitors, employees and boarders) who are present at midnight on the night of Sunday, 23rd April, 1961, in the dwelling, and alI persons who arrive at the dwelling and join the household on Monday, 24th April, 1961, before the collection of the schedule, and who have not been enumerated elsewhere.
De jure or de facto	De jure and de facto
Census/survey day	April 23, 1961
Questionnaire	Two questionnaires: a long form applied to ten percent of the poulation and a short form to the other ninety percent. Each of them collected information from all persons, private households, and persons absent from the household.
Type of fieldwork	Self-enumeration (support of enumerator)
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Original data from which the sample was extracted is itself a systematic sample of every 10th household, selected during the data collection process, and that received the long form. The original data was then stratified by household type and sorted geographically. One in ten households was subsequently systematically excluded. Persons living in communal establishments or in households with more than nine residents were excluded. Finally, a 0.95% sample of households was extracted by selecting randomly 1-in-9 households from the remaining long form respondents. Individuals within communal establishments and those in households with more than nine residents were selected separately from data ordered by geography. No weighting was applied. NOTE: The sample excludes Northern Ireland. It includes England, Scotland and Wales.
Sample fraction	0.01
Sample size (person records)	495581
Sample weights	Self-weighting (expansion factor = 100)
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Region
Unit definitions
Households	A household comprises either one person living alone or a group of people not necessarily related, living at the same address with common housekeeping - that is, sharing at least one meal a day or sharing a living room or sitting room. People staying temporarily with the household are included.

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	1971 Census
Statistical agency	Office of Population and Surveys for England and Wales
Population universe	All persons who spent census night of April 25/26 of 1971 in the household or joined the household on April 26th and who have not been included as present elsewhere; this comprises households, non-private establishments, on board a vessel, or elsewhere in the area of enumeration. In particular the enumerated population includes people who usually lived elsewhere, including abroad, but who were temporarily staying in the area on census night. Members of the armed forces and mercantile marine outside Great Britain on census night were excluded. Members of foreign or Commonwealth armed forces were included if present in the country on census night, but foreign and Commonwealth naval vessels, and the people on board them, were not enumerated.
De jure or de facto	De jure and de facto
Census/survey day	April 26, 1971
Questionnaire	(H) Form for private households, (B) Individual form; separate form for non-private households.
Type of fieldwork	Self-enumeration (support of enumerator)
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	Original data is a 10% sample. The original data was then stratified by household type and sorted geographically. One in ten households was subsequently systematically excluded. Persons living in communal estalishments or in households with more than nine residents were excluded. Finally, a 0.95% sample of households was extracted by selecting randomly 1-in-9 households from the remaining data. Individuals within communal establishments and those in households with more than nine residents were selected separately from data ordered by geography. No weighting was applied. NOTE: The sample excludes Northern Ireland. It includes England, Scotland and Wales.
Sample fraction	0.01
Sample size (person records)	465599
Sample weights	Self-weighting (expansion factor = 100)
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	Region
Unit definitions
Households	A household is either one person living alone, or a group of persons (who may or may not be related) living at the same address with common housekeeping. Persons staying temporarily with the household are included. A boarder having at least one meal a day with the household counts as a member of the household (breakfast counts as a meal for this purpose); but a lodger taking no meals with the main household counts as a separate one-person household, even if he shares kitchen and bathroom. A group of unrelated persons sharing a house or flat would count as one or as several households according to whether they maintained common housekeeping or provided their own meals separately.

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	1991 Census
Statistical agency	Centre for Census and Survey Research
Population universe	Every person who spends census night (21-22 April) in the household, including anyone staying temporarily; any other people who are usually members of the household but on the census night are absent on holiday, at school or college, or for any other reason even if they are being included on another census form elsewhere; anyone who arrives here on Monday 22nd April who was in Great Britain on the Sunday and who has not been included as present on another census form; and any newly born baby born before the 22nd April, even if still in hospital.
De jure or de facto	De jure and de facto
Census/survey day	1991-04-21 00:00:00
Questionnaire	Form for private households (H), Form for making and individual return (I), and Form for communal establishments, HM Ships or other vessels (L)
Type of fieldwork	Self-enumeration
Estimated undercount	2.0% of the population of Great Britain missed entirely and a further 1.6 per cent for whom records were imputed.
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	All fully-coded household forms were ordered geographically with the lowest level the enumeration area. Households were then grouped into batches of 10 and one household selected at random from each batch. The two per cent Individual sample was then drawn from the remaining households. Individuals in the remaining households were stratified into groups of nine, and two individuals selected from each group at random. Individuals in communal establishments were stratified into groups of five and one individual selected at random from each group. NOTE: The sample excludes Northern Ireland. It includes England, Scotland and Wales. NOTE2: Many data items are not available for households with 12 or more persons, for confidentiality reasons. These cases are coded "not in universe" in the affected variables.
Sample fraction	0.02
Sample size (person records)	541894
Sample weights	Weights computed by census agency.
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	Yes
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	SARs region
Unit definitions
Households	A household comprises either one person living alone or a group of people not necessarily related, living at the same address with common housekeeping - that is, sharing at least one meal a day or sharing a living room or sitting room. People staying temporarily with the household are included.

Census/survey characteristics
Type	Census
Title	2001 Census
Statistical agency	Centre for Census and Survey Research
Population universe	Anyone who is temporarily away from home on the night of 29 April 2001 who usually lives at this address. Any baby born before 30 April 2001, even if sitll in hospital. People with more than one address if they live at this address for the majority of the time. Anyone who is staying with no other usual address. A spouse or partners who works away from home, or is a member of the armed forces, and usually lives at this address.
De jure or de facto	De jure
Census/survey day	2001-04-29 00:00:00
Questionnaire	England household form (H1)
Type of fieldwork	Self-enumeration
Estimated undercount	No official estimates
Microdata sample characteristics
Sample design	The sampling scheme for the household SAR (Sample of anonymised records) is a stratified simple random sampling, where the strata are EDs (Enumeration districts). Unlike 1991, there is no stratification within EDs. Random sampling is applied within each ED. The sampling scheme for the individual SAR follows the 1991 approach of drawing from the population excluding the household sample. Stratification is again by ED. The Individual SAR sampled both private and communal persons, unlike the household SAR which only sampled only households.
Sample fraction	0.03
Sample size (person records)	1843525
Sample weights	Weights computed by census agency.
Units identified in microdata
Dwellings	No
Vacant units	No
Households	No
Collective dwellings	Yes
Smallest geography	SARs region
Unit definitions
Households	A household comprises either one person living alone or a group of people not necessarily related, living at the same address with common housekeeping - that is, sharing at least one meal a day or sharing a living room or sitting room.

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Sample characteristics: United Kingdom

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