III - Instructions pertaining to the 1990 census notebook and questionnaire

Attention
The enumerators shall fill out the questionnaire, in printed letters, doing so legibly in pencil, completely and accurately, as instructed below.

1. Instructions pertaining to the census notebook
Three types of 1990 General Population Census notebooks have been prepared. These consist of 11, 25, and 41 questionnaires, respectively. The number of household questionnaires that the notebooks contain is indicated on the census notebook cover.
On the cover of each notebook, there are questions pertaining to the census region, the sequential number, and the administrative division (village, quarter, and neighborhood). Without fail, these questions must be filled out by the enumerators before the census. Furthermore, after the census has been completed, the section indicating the number of people that had been administered the census as well as the "Enumerator and control officer declaration" section, onto which the enumerator and control officer are to sign their names and surnames, must be filled out. On the back cover of the census notebook, there is an "Age according to years of birth table". When the need arises, it must be used by the enumerators.

2. Instructions regarding the 1990 general census questionnaire
As explained earlier, the enumerators are to fill out the questionnaire in printed letters, doing so legibly, completely and accurately, as instructed below.

The questionnaire consists of 4 sections:

Section II: Type of place
For the type of place where the census is being conducted, answer by putting an "X" into whichever box in this section is applicable.

Section III: Questions pertaining to the household (1-7)
This section is only to be filled out for places exhibiting the characteristics of a household and not for military garrisons, military posts, hotels, hospitals, etc., for which this section is to be crossed out with an "X".
In administering the census to people located in such places, it is to be written up in such a way that each line in Section IV is devoted to a single person, and by continuing on to the next page without leaving any spaces in between, making use of as many questionnaires as needed.

A special enumerator will be assigned to places such as these for which the notation not to be visited is written on the "Census region building table" (Reference C). The notation "Special census" is to be written onto the census notebooks filled out in places displayed below that are to be designated by the special enumerators as being subject to a special census.

These places are the following:

• Military, gendarme, and police barracks, jails and associated establishments, military bases (including foreign bases), and living quarters located in military zones into which entry is forbidden to civilian public servants.
• All public and private (military and civilian) hospitals, sanatoria, maternity hospitals, health clinics, dispensaries, and similar establishments.
• All public and private (military and civilian) boarding schools and student dormitories (those people present in non-boarding schools on census day, are to be written up by the enumerators assigned to the census regions that they [i.e., these schools] belong to.)
• Prisons and penitentiaries
• Places where people are on duty on census day,
• Places not to be included in a census region:

• Roadside bus stops or terminals, and vehicles traveling on the roadways,
• Train and train stations,
• Means of sea and air transportation and ports,

• Places (factories and large workplaces where census day work was permitted) deemed by special census officers of the census committees as being appropriate for having a census conducted.
• Embassies, charges d'affaires, attaches, consulates

Numbers in the "Census region building table" (Reference C) for the places cited in the above paragraphs must be notated with the words "Not to be visited" beside them. In the event that the entry "Not to be visited" is not observed next to such places in the "Census region building table" (Reference C), a request to have the necessary correction made is to be submitted to the census or control officer committee.
However, people such as a school principal, chief physician, caretaker, night watchman living permanently in a school, hospital and similar institutions, are to be considered as independent households and are each to be written upon separate pages.
Furthermore, for people in places that do not constitute households, this section is not to be filled out and is to be crossed out with an "X". The census for people in these sorts of places is to be written up in Section IV. As an aggregate population, with one line devoted per person and going on to a next page if necessary, without leaving any gaps between them.
For places that constitute households, fill out Section IV with one line per household member and write "Household head" on the first line.

Question 1: Name and surname of the household head
(Write the name and surname regardless of whether the household head is at home or not)

Regardless of whether the household head is at home or not, write the household head's name and surname in "___".

The definition and explanation of household are provided below:
Household: That collectivity composed of one or several people, whether bound by kinship or not, living in the same house or in a portion of the same house, sharing in the provision of service or in the management of the household, who do not separate their income and expenses among themselves.

• People lacking a kinship bond among themselves, but who live together on a continuous basis for various reasons and make no distinction among themselves in terms of their expenses and earnings, are considered to be households. However:

• Even if they are bound by family ties, those living in separate houses are not to be considered as belonging to the same household.
• Those living in the same house and bound by familial ties, but whose food consumption derives from distinct earners, and who treat their respective income and expenses separately among themselves, are not to be considered as belonging to the same household.
• Those living in the same house, who are not bound by any family ties, whose food consumption derives from separate earners, and who distinguish among themselves in terms of their income and expenses, are not to be regarded as belonging to the same household.

• People who, although not members of the household being administered the census, are present in that place on census day are also to be recorded in the same questionnaire as the one for this household. However, the fact that they are guests must be indicated in the question on "Degree of kinship to the household head".

Question 3. How many people are now present in this home, including guests?

Question 6: As a household, do you own this house (dwelling) that you are living in?

Question 7: Besides this house (dwelling) that you are living in as a household, whether it be yours or not, is there another house (dwelling) that you own?

Question 8: Your name and surname?

Question 10: How old are you? Please state your completed age.

Question 11: What is your degree of kinship to the household head?

• Among those belonging to the same household who are at home at the time of the census, clearly denote the degree of kinship to the household head of those related to him/her by kinship.
• For example: After writing "H.H.H." for the household head him/herself, for the others, write spouse, son, daughter, mother, father, daughter in-law, grandchild, maternal uncle, and so on, according to the relationship
• For people belonging to the same household, who have no kinship tie to the household head, write "None".
• For people not belonging to the household who are also being administered the census together with the household (whether a relative or not of the household head), write "Guest".
• For people such as a son, daughter, daughter in-law visiting their father on census day, but who belong to a separate household, write "Guest" regardless of the kinship relationship to the household head.
• For places where people are located at the time of the census that do not constitute a household (a military post, a jail, a hospital, a train, a boat, a bus, a terminal, a hostel, a school, a dormitory, etc.), enter "X" for this question.

Birth place (12-13)

Question 12: What is the current name of the province that your birthplace is linked to?

Question 13: Is your birthplace currently a provincial center, a district center, a sub-district, or a village?

Permanent residency (15-16)
According to the Turkish Civil Code, a person's residence is the place where they live and intend to settle. A person may not have more than one residence at the same time.

Question 15: What are the names of the province and of the district to which the place you live in on a continuous basis is linked?

• Just as permanent residence and birthplace may be the same, they may also be different. Carefully establish the person's birthplace as well as the place being resided in.
• For those in Turkey, write the names of both the province and the district to which the place they are living in continuously is linked; for those [person] whose permanent residence is abroad, write only the name of the country where the place they are living in is located.
• The permanent residences for reserve officers, rank and file soldiers and students are the places where their households are located. However, if they declare the places where they themselves are located as their permanent residences, their permanent residence is the pace that they declare it to be.
• The permanent residence of government employees is the place that they have been assigned.

Question 17: What is the name of the province and district where you were living on a continuous basis on the day of the 1985 General Population Census?

• Just as permanent residence and birthplace may be the same, they may also be different. Carefully establish the person's birthplace as well as the place resided in.
• For those in Turkey, write the names of both the province and the district to which the place they were living in continuously belonged; for those whose permanent residence was abroad, write only the name of the country where the place they were living was located.
• For reserve officers, rank and file soldiers and students, their permanent residences were the places where their households were located. However, if they declare the places where they themselves were located as their permanent residences, their permanent residence is the pace that they declare it to have been
• The permanent residence of government employees is the place that they had been assigned.

Question 19: Do you know how to read and write?

• Those able to read and write using the Turkish alphabet are to be considered as literate.
• Those able to read using the Turkish alphabet, but unable to write are not to be considered as literate.
• Those able to read and write using the old Turkish alphabet are not to be considered as literate.
• If foreign nationals are able to read and write in their own languages, they are considered to be literate.

Question 20: Which is the highest level school that you completed?

• For those who had not graduated from any educational institution, write "None".
• Write "Elementary" for those who had completed a five-year elementary school. Do not consider those who had completed a three-year elementary school to be elementary school graduates.
• Consider those who had participated in literacy courses and who obtained an elementary school diploma as elementary school graduates, and write "Elementary".
• For junior high school graduates, write "Junior high".
• For high school graduates, write "High school".
• For those who had completed a vocational school, write the educational level and name. As for example: "Commercial junior high school", "Commercial high school", "Vocational junior high school", "Religious junior high school", "Religious high school", "Girls vocational high school", "Industrial vocational high school", "Health vocational high school".
• For university, faculty and college graduates, write the department (branch) that they graduated from. As for example: "Law faculty", "Construction faculty", "Chemistry faculty", "Political science faculty", "Economic and commercial sciences faculty", "Open education faculty", "Teachers college", "Vocational college".

[Questions 21-34 are for persons age 12 or older]

Question 21: Your marital status?

Fertility status (22-26)
(Married, widowed, or divorced women age 12 or older)

Question 22: To this day, have you had any live births, regardless of whether they remain alive or are dead? If you did, how many live girls and boys did you give birth to?

Question 23: Of these children of yours that had been born alive, how many are presently alive?

Question 24: Within the last two years (from October 1988 to the present), have you had any live births, either still alive or dead?

Question 26: In addition to the day, month and year of the date of this live birth, what is the child's gender?

Employment status within the last week (27-33)
(Persons age 12 or older)

Question 27: Last week, did you work at a job in return for money or goods? If you did not work, are you continuing to maintain your attachment with your job?

• Just as jobs compensated in the form of a salary or wage come under the heading of work for money or goods, so also do self-employed work, engaging in agriculture on one's own land, and working without pay on family enterprises.
• While a person may not have worked during the last week for reasons such as vacation, illness, travel, a work dispute, as well as due to seasonal exigencies, people temporarily not working for these types of reasons are still continuing to be attached with the job.

Question 28: What is the job that you worked at (that you did) or continued to hold, during the last week?

• Rather than stating the job someone does in general terms, it should be stated using terms that fully specify the job, trade or service being done. Especially terms for jobs that end in "-ist", "-er" that convey a general meaning and may denote more than one job, do not use these terms on their own, and write in such a way that indicates the special nature of the job. Examples are provided below of correct and incorrect ways of denoting the job being done.

• Generally, when asking about the job done by people working for a salary or wage in a public or private establishment, the answer given is "Public employee/white collar worker". For answers provided in this form, ask for the type of job the person does as a public employee/white collar worker and write the answer in a precise manner.

• For members of the armed forces; for the job done by officers, whether combat or non-combat, write only "Officer", for non-commissioned officers, write "Non-commissioned officer" and for privates, write "Private".
• If in addition to taking care of or helping with work in their own houses, housewives had done another job within the last week in return for money or goods in order to derive an income, then regardless of the period worked at that job, write the job she held. For any job that women did during the last week to earn an income such as tailoring, embroidery, basket weaving, ceramics, doing laundry, carpet weaving, working as a maid, farming, raising vegetables, write the job held as "Tailor", "Seamstress", "Embroiderer", "Maid", "Child caretaker", "Farmer", "Livestock raiser", "Vegetable grower".
• Particularly in rural areas, if the answer provided for the work done during the last week is "Housewife", ask if this woman worked in the fields, in the vineyards, in the vegetable garden, in animal husbandry, etc. If the person in question worked at such jobs, then regardless of the time worked, write the job she did as farmer, viticulturist, vegetable grower, livestock farmer.

Question 29: Identify the place, establishment or workplace that you worked in or continued to hold, during the last week.

Question 31: What is your employment status in the job you were working at or continued to hold during the last week?

• Employee: Those working in someone else's business in return for money and goods, with the purpose of securing an income (government employee/white collar worker, laborer, low-level/low skilled employee, qualified worker [journeyman], manager, etc.) on a wage, salary or casual wage basis.
• Employer: A person employing one or more wage or casual workers in his/her own workplace. (Each and every one of the partners in a workplace who hire any employees or casual workers is an employer.)
• Self-employed: People working either alone or together with unpaid family members (without employing any paid employees) who seek to earn an income in the form of money or goods by working in their own business (in their field, vineyard, garden, store, office, manufacturing workshop, repair shop, etc.). Partners in a workplace, not hiring paid employees in their endeavors are not to be considered as working for someone else. These partners are to be regarded as being "self-employed".
• Unpaid family worker: Those working with the purpose of helping out in work engaged in by the household without receiving any payment, are unpaid family workers.

Question 32: If you did not work or are not maintaining your involvement with your job, what is the reason for not working?

Question 33: Are you looking for work?

Question 34: What is your main profession?

• To be equipped to practice certain professions, it is necessary to have completed a specific course of study or specialization. As for example: medical doctor, pharmacist, architect, mathematics teacher, class teacher, attorney.
• In the case of some other professions, however, just as the acquisition of knowledge to engage in them may be accomplished through completing an educational institution and a branch of specialization, it may also be the outcome of knowledge, observational and practical experience. As for example an: auto repairman, carpenter, electric installer, lathe operator.
• Even if those with professions had worked in a job outside their professions during the week preceding census day, the one that should be referenced is not that occupation, but instead the one that had been acquired as the outcome of education or specialization. As for example: The main profession of a medical doctor who engaged in trade is "Medical doctor", the main profession of an attorney acting as mayor of a municipality is "Attorney".
• Households involved in agriculture are to be regarded as farm operators. Accordingly, agriculture as the main profession of the head of the household or any of its members should be specified according to the agricultural activity worked in such as "Livestock operator (large- or small-head), vegetable grower, fruit grower, flower grower, beekeeper, poultry operator, etc." The main profession of other people in the household engaged in agriculture is to be denoted as: working in animal husbandry, working in fruit culture, working in field agriculture, working in flower growing, or working in poultry husbandry.
• If the household head is a farm operator, then as long they have not declared a different profession, the professions of the other members of the household are to be designated according to the agricultural activity that the household head is engaged in.
• The professions should not be written in general terms, but instead, explicitly. They should be designated not as cobbler but as shoe-maker, shoe repairman, shoe seller, shoe shiner.
• Instead of using terms such as manual laborer, worker, master (artisan), journeyman, artist, engineer, broker, building contractor which are applied to designate many occupations, they should instead be designated as in the form of journeyman barber, farm laborer, road construction worker, mechanical engineer, technical illustrator, construction engineer, real estate broker, etc.
• The professions of combat officers and non-commissioned officers working in the military should be designated as officer or non-commissioned officer, without regard to their rank. Professions of reserve officers and rank and file soldiers should be designated as being whatever occupation/profession they had taken up prior to entering the military. Professions of non-combat class officers and non-commissioned officers working in the military are to be designated according to the professions they had taken up based on education or knowledge, observational and practical experience (such as doctor, health officer, chemist, mechanical engineer, electronics technician, etc.).
• The professions of civil servants working in the military are to be designated according to their acquired professions.